Liquid diphenylmethane diisocyanate compositions

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of a stable, liquid adduct comprising reacting a mixture of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing less than 85 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. in an amount such that said adduct has an isocyanate group content of from about 20 to about 30 percent by weight and wherein the ratio of mole equivalents of neopentyl glycol to mole equivalents of propylene glycol is from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05, with the further proviso that(i) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is not less than 80 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.70:0.30,(ii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 80 percent by weight but not less than 70 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.35:0.65 to 0.85:0.15, and(iii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 70 percent by weight, but not less than 65 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.15:0.85 to 0.95:0.05.The present invention is also directed to a product produced from such process.

Description

The present invention relates to the preparation of organic isocyanates based on 2,2'-, 2,4'- and/or 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanates which are liquid at room temperature and to the products so-produced.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is well known that diisocyanates which are liquid at room temperature have numerous advantages over solid diisocyanates because they are easier to mix and to work with. Diisocyanates, which are liquid at room temperature, and which find wide commercial use, such as toluene diisocyanate or hexamethylene diisocyanate, are, as a rule, physiologically harmful because of their high vapor pressure and can only be handled if certain safety precautions are taken. For this reason, various attempts have been made to convert diisocyanates that are solid at room temperature into the liquid form.

The most important diisocyanates which are solid at room temperature, and which are readily available on a large commercial scale, are 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and the 2,4'-isomer thereof, which melt at 39.degree. C. and 34.5.degree. C., respectively. Attempts have been made to liquify the 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate isomer. Thus, 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate was heated to temperatures above 150.degree. C. to affect a partial carbodiimization of the isocyanate according to U.S. Pat. No. 3,152,162. The isocyanate groups still present partly react with the resulting carbodiimide groups to form uretone imine, resulting in liquid polyisocyanates, rather than liquid diisocyanates.

It is also known from U.S. Pat. No. 3,644,457 to react 4,4'- and/or 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate with a branched aliphatic dihydroxy compound or polyethers based on 1,2-propylene glycol to produce a product which is liquid at room temperature. According to this reference, 1 mole of a diphenylmethane diisocyanate is reacted with from about 0.1 to about 0.3 moles of the branched aliphatic dihydroxy compound or the poly-1,2-propylene ether glycols. In a similar manner, U.S. Pat. No. 4,055,548 teaches that diphenylmethane diisocyanates can be liquified by reaction with ethylene glycol-based polyethers.

Liquid diphenylmethane diisocyanates have been produced by reacting diisocyanates having specified 2,4'-isomer contents with propylene and polypropylene glycols and with polyoxyethylene glycols (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,118,411 and 4,115,429).

It has also been proposed to prepare liquid diphenylmethane diisocyanate compositions by reacting the diisocyanates with three separate alkylene glycols, each having at least three carbon atoms (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 3,883,571), or by reacting the diisocyanate with at least three separate alkylene glycols, each having at least three carbon atoms, and wherein at least one of the glycols is dipropylene, tripropylene, or polypropylene glycol (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 4,229,347).

Even though it is known to use various dihydroxy compounds as described above to prepare liquid isocyanates, it has not been possible to prepare such adducts using readily available, inexpensive dihydroxy compounds.

It is therefore an object of this invention to provide organic isocyanates which are liquid at room temperature and which remain liquid without formation of gel particles even after prolonged storage at room temperature.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a process for the preparation of stable, liquid adducts of diphenylmethane diisocyanates and to the adducts so-produced. The process broadly comprises reacting a mixture of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing less than 85 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. in an amount such that the resultant product has an isocyanate group content of from about 20 to about 30 percent by weight, wherein the ratio of mole equivalents of neopentyl glycol to mole equivalents of propylene glycol is from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05, with the further proviso that (i) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is not less than 80 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.70:0.30, (ii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 80 percent by weight but not less than 70 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.35:0.65 to 0.85:0.15, and (iii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 70 percent by weight but not less than 65 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.15:0.85 to 0.95:0.05.

As used herein, the term "diphenylmethane diisocyanate" is defined as being 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and mixtures thereof. In addition, "stable, liquid adducts" are those which are liquid at ambient temperature and remain liquid without the formation of gel particles after storage at ambient temperature.

Most short chain diols, such as 1,4-butane diol, 1,3-butane diol, 1,3-propylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, ethylene glycol and neopentyl glycol result in solids at ambient temperatures when reacted with diphenylmethane diisocyanate to produce adducts which have NCO contents of about 20 to 30%. Therefore, it was surprising that the reaction of specific mixtures of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol to produce adducts with diphenylmethane diisocyanate, resulted in adducts that were liquid and remained liquid after storage at ambient temperature.

The diphenylmethane diisocyanate which is used as a reactant in accordance with the process of the present invention must contain less than 85 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer. It preferably contains from about 30 to 84% by weight of 4,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, from 6 to about 70% by weight of 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and from 0 to about 10% by weight of 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate. The diphenylmethane diisocyanate is reacted with the mixture of diols at temperatures of from about 25.degree. to 120.degree. C., preferably from about 40.degree. to 100.degree. C., and most preferably from about 60.degree. to 80.degree. C. The lower temperatures are generally preferred since they help to eliminate allophanate formation from the formed urethane groups and excess diisocyanate.

The amounts of diol mixture and diisocyanate are chosen such that the liquid adduct has an isocyanate group content of from about 20 to 30%, preferably from about 21 to 27% by weight. Generally, in order to yield such an isocyanate group content the equivalent ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl groups is from about 3:1 to 13:1 and preferably about 3:1 to 7:1. The liquid adduct may also be prepared as a concentrate, i.e., with a lower NCO content, and subsequently diluted with additional diphenylmethane diisocyanate to adjust the NCO content to the desired value.

The process for preparing the liquid adduct may be carried out by introducing the mixture of dihydroxy compounds into the diisocyanate or by introducing the diisocyanate into the mixture of dihydroxy compounds. The former method is preferred. Regardless of which method of addition is used, it is generally recommended to maintain the reactants at the previously discussed temperatures with stirring.

The ratio of mole equivalents of the two dihydroxy compounds which is necessary to prepare a liquid adduct is generally dependent upon the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate reactant. Generally, the ratio of mole equivalents of neopentyl glycol to mole equivalents of propylene glycol is from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05. These ratios will vary according to the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate. If the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is not less than 80 percent by weight, then the ratio should be from 0.45:0.55 to 0.70:0.30. If the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 80 percent by weight but not less than 70 percent by weight, the ratio should be from 0.35:0.65 to 0.85:0.15. If the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 70 percent by weight, but not less than 65 percent by weight, the ratio should be from 0.15:0.85 to 0.95:0.05. Regardless of the 4,4'-isomer content, the presently preferred ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.65:0.35.

The liquid adducts of the present invention may be used in various polyaddition reactions in the coatings, plastics and foam industries. For example, they may be used in the production of polyurethane foams, polyurethane elastomers such as shoe soles, etc. or for the production of elastomers or plastics by the RIM process.

The invention is further illustrated, but is not intended to be limited by the following examples in which all parts and percentages are by weight unless otherwise specified.

EXAMPLES

In the examples which follow, the isocyanates and diol mixtures used were those set forth in Tables 1 and 2, respectively.

TABLE 1______________________________________ISOCYANATES Diphenylmethane Diisocyanate Percent by Percent by Percent byIsocyanate weight weight weightType 4,4'-isomer 2,4'-isomer 2,2'-isomer______________________________________A 98 2 0B 90 10 0C 85 14 1D 80 19 1E 70 29 1F 66 33 1G 55 44 1H 42 56 2______________________________________ TABLE 2______________________________________DIOLSDiol Mole Equivalents Mole Equivalents Mole EquivalentType neopentyl glycol propylene glycol Ratio______________________________________I 1.0 -- --II 0.10 0.90 0.10:0.90III 0.25 0.75 0.25:0.75IV 0.40 0.60 0.40:0.60V 0.50 0.50 0.50:0.50VI 0.60 0.40 0.60:0.40VII 0.75 0.25 0.75:0.25VIII 0.90 0.10 0.90:0.10IX -- 1.0 --______________________________________

In preparing the various diol blends in Table 2, the components were mixed together.

Adducts were then prepared by introducing the various diol types into the various isocyanate types with stirring. The mixture was maintained at a specific temperature for a specific time. The type and amount of isocyanate, the type and amount of diol, the times and temperatures were as specified in Table 3. The isocyanate group content of the products, the viscosities of the products and the appearance of the products after storage for seven (7) days at 25.degree. C. were as indicated in Table 3. Examples 1 through 13 represent embodiments of the present invention while Examples 14 through 33 represent comparison examples. In the Table, NR means not recorded.

TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Isocyanate Diol Viscosity AppearanceExam- % by weight Parts by Ratio of mole Parts by Time Temp., % by weight at 25.degree. C. afterple Type 4,4'-content weight Type Equivalents weight minutes, .degree.C. NCO groups M.Pa.s 7 days at 25.degree.__________________________________________________________________________ C.1 G 55 489 II 0.10:0.90 40 15 80 22.9 NR liquid2 H 42 489 II 0.10:0.90 40 15 80 22.9 2520 liquid3 E 70 490 IV 0.40:0.60 44 15 80 22.6 3880 liquid4 D 80 557 V 0.50:0.50 50 15 70 22.8 2500 liquid5 F 66 557 V 0.50:0.50 50 15 70 22.3 3900 liquid6 D 80 497 VI 0.60:0.40 46 15 70 22.9 2720 liquid7 E 70 497 VI 0.60:0.40 46 15 70 22.8 3560 liquid8 F 66 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 80 22.8 2350 liquid9 G 55 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 80 NR NR liquid10 H 42 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 80 22.8 1680 liquid11 D 80 408 V 0.5:0.5 45 15 70 20.8 20,000 liquid12 D 80 619 V 0.5:0.5 45 15 70 25.0 500 liquid13 D 80 820 V 0.5:0.5 45 15 70 26.7 150 liquid14 A 98 1207 I -- 104 15 70 24.4 solid15 A 98 960 IX -- 76 15 70 23.0 solid16 G 55 479 IX -- 38 10 80 22.9 3080 slightly turbid liquid17 A 98 489 II 0.10:0.90 40 15 70 23.0 solid18 F 66 489 II 0.10:0.90 40 15 80 23.0 solid19 A 98 486 III 0.25:0.75 42 15 70 23.0 solid20 B 90 486 III 0.25:0.75 42 15 80 23.0 solid21 D 80 486 III 0.25:0.75 42 15 80 23.0 solid22 D 80 490 IV 0.40:0.60 44 15 80 22.8 NR turbid liquid23 A 98 557 V 0.50:0.50 50 15 70 22.4 solid24 B 90 557 V 0.50:0.50 50 15 70 23.0 solid25 C 85 557 V 0.50:0.50 50 15 70 22.8 2180 turbid liquid26 A 98 502 VII 0.75:0.25 49 15 70 23.0 solid27 B 90 502 VII 0.75:0.25 49 15 70 23.0 solid28 D 80 502 VII 0.75:0.25 49 15 70 22.9 1670 slightly turbid liquid29 A 98 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 70 23.0 solid30 D 80 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 70 23.0 solid31 E 70 500 VIII 0.90:0.10 50 15 70 22.9 1770 liquid with gel particles32 F 66 509 I -- 52 15 80 22.9 1980 slightly turbid liquid33 F 66 300 I -- 26 15 80 24.5 620 slightly turbid liquid__________________________________________________________________________

Although the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing for the purpose of illustration, it is to be understood that such detail is solely for that purpose and that variations can be made therein by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention except as it may be limited by the claims.

Claims

1. A process for the preparation of a stable, liquid adduct comprising reacting a mixture of neopentyl glycol and propylene glycol with a diphenylmethane diisocyanate containing less than 85 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer at a temperature of from about 25.degree. C. to about 120.degree. C. in an amount such that said adduct has an isocyanate group content of from about 20 to about 30 percent by weight and wherein the ratio of mole equivalents of neopentyl glycol to mole equivalents of propylene glycol is from 0.05:0.95 to 0.95:0.05, with the further proviso that

(i) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is not less than 80 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.70:0.30,

(ii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 80 percent by weight but not less than 70 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.35:0.65 to 0.85:0.15, and

(iii) if the 4,4'-isomer content of the diphenylmethane diisocyanate is less than 70 percent by weight, but not less than 65 percent by weight, then said ratio is from 0.15:0.85 to 0.95:0.05.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein said diphenylmethane diisocyanate contains from 30 to 84 percent by weight of the 4,4'-isomer, from 6 to about 70 percent by weight of the 2,4'-isomer, and from 0 to about 10 percent by weight of the 2,2'-isomer.

3. The process of claim 1, wherein said temperature is from about 40.degree. C. to about 100.degree. C.

4. The process of claim 3, wherein said temperature is from about 60.degree. C. to about 80.degree. C.

5. The process of claim 1, wherein said adduct has an isocyanate group content of from about 21 to 27 percent by weight.

6. The process of claim 1, wherein the equivalent ratio of isocyanate to hydroxyl groups is from about 3:1 to 13:1.

7. The process of claim 6, wherein said equivalent ratio is from about 3:1 to 7:1.

8. The process of claim 1 wherein said ratio is from 0.45:0.55 to 0.65:0.35.

9. The product of the process of claim 1.

10. The product of the process of claim 5.

11. The product of the process of claim 8.