Patent Application
20200307187
This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority from Japanese Patent Application No. 2019-057720, filed on Mar. 26, 2019, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Embodiments described herein relate generally to a liquid discharge apparatus.
In the related art, there is a liquid discharge apparatus for supplying a predetermined amount of liquid at a predetermined position. The liquid discharge apparatus is mounted on, for example, an ink jet printer, a 3D printer, or a liquid dispensing apparatus. An ink jet printer discharges an ink droplet from an ink jet head, thereby forming an image on a surface of a recording medium, such as sheet of paper. A 3D printer discharges a droplet of a molding material from a molding material discharge head, the discharged molding material is subsequently cured, thereby forming a three-dimensional molding. A liquid dispensing apparatus discharges a droplet of a sample to supply a predetermined sample amount to a plurality of containers.
An ink jet head, which is the liquid discharge apparatus of the ink jet printer, includes a piezoelectric drive type actuator as a drive apparatus that discharges ink from a nozzle. A set of nozzles and actuators forms one channel. A head drive circuit applies a drive voltage waveform to a selected actuator based upon print data, thereby driving the actuator. As one means of prevent the actuator from deteriorating with time and usage, it has been proposed to suspend application of a bias voltage to the actuator when printing is not being performed. For example, in a proposed method, when the print data has been latched in a three-stage buffer and the next notional dot to be printed is blank, application of the bias voltage is suspended. The drive voltage waveform for applying the bias voltage and the drive voltage waveform for suspending the bias voltage are supplied from a common (COM) waveform that has been generated as particular portions of the COM waveform. Therefore, in this method, elements of all the necessary drive voltage waveforms must be incorporated into one COM waveform, and thus the waveform generally cannot be independently adjusted according to the required use of each drive voltage waveform. For example, since the drive voltage waveform and the bias voltage application waveform is required to occur at the same time, high-speed multidrop discharge cannot be performed. Furthermore, since the COM waveform is repeated for each drive cycle, a bias application waveform exceeding the length of a drive cycle cannot be generated. Therefore, it is not possible to cope with a situation in which the characteristics of the actuator change quickly after the bias voltage is applied, and as a result, the print quality may deteriorate.
Embodiments provide a liquid discharge apparatus not only capable of suspending application of a bias voltage to an actuator, but also capable of stabilizing characteristics of the actuator when a liquid is discharged subsequently.
In general, according to an embodiment, a liquid discharge apparatus includes an actuator and a drive circuit. The actuator is configured to cause liquid to be discharged from a nozzle. The drive circuit is configured to apply a waveform to the actuator during a discharge cycle in accordance with a discharge trigger received by the drive circuit, and cause a voltage of the actuator to be maintained at a value from an end of the discharge cycle until reception of another, subsequent discharge trigger after the previous discharge trigger.
Hereinafter, a liquid discharge apparatus according to an embodiment will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. Furthermore, in each drawing, the same configuration will be denoted by the same reference sign.
An ink jet printer 10 for printing an image on a recording medium will be described as an example of an image forming apparatus on which a liquid discharge apparatus 1 according to an embodiment can be mounted.
Image data to be printed on the sheet S are generated by, for example, a computer 2 which is an external device. The image data generated by the computer 2 are sent to the control substrate 17 of the ink jet printer 10 through a cable 21, and connectors 22A and 22B.
A pickup roller 23 supplies the sheets S one by one from the cassette 12 to the upstream conveyance path 13. The upstream conveyance path 13 is formed of a pair of feed rollers 13a and 13b and sheet guide plates 13c and 13d. The sheet S is conveyed to an upper surface of the conveyance belt 14 via the upstream conveyance path 13. An arrow A1 in
The conveyance belt 14 is a net-shaped endless belt having a large number of through holes formed on the surface thereof. Three rollers of a drive roller 14a and driven rollers 14b and 14c rotatably support the conveyance belt 14. The motor 24 rotates the conveyance belt 14 by rotating the drive roller 14a. The motor 24 is an example of a drive apparatus. An arrow A2 in
The ink jet heads 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are disposed to be opposite to the sheet S adsorbed and held on the conveyance belt 14 with, for example, a narrow gap of 1 mm. The ink jet heads 1A to 1D discharge ink droplets toward the sheet S. An image is printed on the sheet S when the sheet S passes below the ink jet heads 1A to 1D. The ink jet heads 1A to 1D each have the same structure except that the colors of the ink to be discharged therefrom are different. The colors of the ink are, for example, cyan, magenta, yellow, and black.
The ink jet heads 1A, 1B, 1C, and 1D are respectively connected to ink tanks 3A, 3B, 3C, and 3D and ink supply pressure adjusting apparatuses 32A, 32B, 32C, and 32D via corresponding ink flow paths 31A, 31B, 31C, and 31D. The ink flow paths 31A to 31D are, for example, resin tubes. The ink tanks 3A to 3D are containers for storing ink. The respective ink tanks 3A to 3D are respectively disposed above the ink jet heads 1A to 1D. In order to prevent the ink from leaking out from nozzles 51 (refer to
After the image printing, the sheet S is conveyed from the conveyance belt 14 to the downstream conveyance path 15. The downstream conveyance path 15 is formed of a pair of feed rollers 15a, 15b, 15c, and 15d, and formed of sheet guide plates 15e and 15f for defining the conveyance path of the sheet S. The sheet S is conveyed to the discharge tray 16 from a discharge port 27 via the downstream conveyance path 15. An arrow A4 in
Next, a configuration of the ink jet head 1A as a liquid discharge head will be described with reference to
A piezoelectric drive type electrostatic capacitance actuator 8 (hereinafter, simply referred to as an “actuator 8”) serving as a drive source of an operation of discharging the ink is provided for each nozzle 51. A set of nozzles 51 and actuators 8 forms one channel. Each actuator 8 is formed in an annular shape and is arranged so that the nozzle 51 is positioned at the center of the actuator 8. A size of the actuator 8 is, for example, an inner diameter of 30 μm and an outer diameter of 140 μm. Each actuator 8 is electrically connected to an individual electrode 81, respectively. Further, in each actuator 8, 8 pieces of actuators 8 arranged in the Y direction are electrically connected to each other by a common electrode 82. Each individual electrode 81 and each common electrode 82 are further electrically connected to a mounting pad 9, respectively. The mounting pad 9 serves as an input port that applies a drive voltage waveform to the actuator 8. Each individual electrode 81 applies the drive voltage waveform to each actuator 8, and each actuator 8 is driven in response to the applied drive voltage waveform. Further, in
The mounting pad 9 is electrically connected to a wiring pattern formed on the flexible substrate 6 via, for example, an ACF (Anisotropic Contact Film). Further, the wiring pattern of the flexible substrate 6 is electrically connected to the head drive circuit 7. The head drive circuit 7 is, for example, an IC (Integrated Circuit). The head drive circuit 7 applies the drive voltage waveform to the actuator 8 selected in response to the image data to be printed.
The diaphragm 53 is formed of an insulating inorganic material. The insulating inorganic material is, for example, silicon dioxide (SiO2). A thickness of the diaphragm 53 is, for example, 2 to 10 μm, desirably 4 to 6 μm. The diaphragm and the protective layer 52 curve inwardly as the piezoelectric body 85 to which the voltage is applied is deformed in a d31 mode. Then, when the application of the voltage to the piezoelectric body 85 is stopped, the shape of the piezoelectric body 85 is returned to an original state. The reversible deformation allows a volume of the pressure chamber (individual pressure chamber) 41 to expand and contract. When the volume of the pressure chamber 41 changes, an ink pressure in the pressure chamber 41 changes. Ink is discharged from the nozzle 51 by utilizing the expansion and contraction of the volume of the pressure chamber 41 and the change in the ink pressure. That is, the nozzle 51 and the actuator 8 are an example forming a liquid discharge unit.
The protective layer 52 is formed of, for example, polyimide having a thickness of 4 μm. The protective layer 52 covers one surface on the bottom surface side of the nozzle plate 5, and further covers an inner peripheral surface of a hole of the nozzle 51.
The conveyance interface 105 controls a conveyance apparatus 106 including the conveyance belt 14 and the drive motor 24 according to the instruction of the CPU 101, thereby conveying the sheet S. The conveyance interface 105 also detects a relative position between the sheet S and the ink jet heads 1A to 1D by using a position sensor such as an optical encoder, and then supplies the timing at which the ink of each nozzle 51 should be discharged to the head interface 104. The head interface 104 sends the discharge timing to the head drive circuit 7 as a print trigger. The print trigger is a kind of control command to be sent to the head drive circuit 7.
The head drive circuit 7 is supplied with a voltage V0 as a first voltage, a voltage V1 as a second voltage, and a voltage V2 as a third voltage as an actuator power supply. As an example, the voltage V1 is a DC voltage of 30 V, the voltage V2 is a DC voltage of 10 V, and the voltage V0 is a DC voltage of 0 V (V1>V2>V0). The magnitude of the voltages of the voltages V1 and V2 is adjusted by a power supply circuit, for example, in response to changes in the viscosity and temperature of the ink.
The head drive circuit 7 includes a receiving unit 71, a command analyzing unit 72, a waveform generating unit 73, a print data buffer 74, a waveform selecting unit 75, and an output buffer 76. The output buffer 76 is an example of an output switch. The receiving unit 71 receives data from the print control apparatus 100 and sends the data to the command analyzing unit 72. The command analyzing unit 72 analyzes the received data. As illustrated in
As a result of the analysis, the waveform setting information is sent to the waveform generating unit 73. The print trigger is sent to both the waveform generating unit 73 and the print data buffer 74. The print trigger sent to the waveform generating unit 73 becomes an activation signal for executing waveform generation. The print trigger sent to the print data buffer 74 becomes a buffer update signal for transferring the data from the input side to the output side in the print data buffer 74. The print data, the Wake command, and the Sleep command are sent to the print data sending unit 205.
When receiving the print data from the print data extracting unit 204, the print data sending unit 205 sends the received print data to the print data buffer 74. The print data are, for example, gray scale data of a plurality of bits. The gray scale data represent presence or absence of the discharge (Yes/No discharge), a discharge amount when the discharge is performed, and other operations, for example, with gradation values 0 to 7. For example, the gradation value 0 indicates just the maintenance of bias voltage application; the gradation value 1 indicates that ink is dispensed once; the gradation value 2 indicates that ink is dispensed twice; the gradation value 3 dispensed that ink is dropped three times; the gradation value 4 indicates that ink is dispensed four times; the gradation value 5 indicates Wake; the gradation value 6 indicates Sleep; and the gradation value 7 indicates Sleep maintenance (Sleep Hold). Furthermore, in the case of a multi-nozzle head including a plurality of channels each formed of a combination of a nozzle 51 and an actuator 8, the print control apparatus 100 individually assigns the gradation values 0 to 7 for each channel.
On the other hand, when receiving the Wake command from the Wake command extracting unit 203, the print data sending unit 205 sends the gradation value 5 which is defined as Wake data to all the actuators 8 (batch Wake). Further, when receiving the Sleep command from the Sleep command extracting unit 202, the print data sending unit 205 sends the gradation value 6 which is defined as Sleep data to all the actuators 8 (batch Sleep). That is, the Wake command is assigned to the gradation value 5 which is one of the gradation values 0 to 7 of the gray scale data, and the Sleep command is assigned to the gradation value 6. In the same manner, the Sleep maintenance (Sleep Hold) is assigned to the gradation value 7.
That is, as a method of sending the Wake data to the print data buffer 74, two kinds of methods are possible: a method of sending the Wake data as encoded print data and a method of sending the Wake data as the Wake command. The first method can wake only a designated actuator 8, and the second method collectively wakes all the actuators 8. In the same manner, as a method of sending the Sleep data to the print data buffer 74, two kinds of methods are possible: a method of sending the Sleep data as encoded print data and a method of sending the Sleep data as the Sleep command. The first method can cause only a designated actuator 8 to sleep, and the second method collectively causes all the actuators 8 to sleep.
Next, as illustrated in detail in
The waveform generating circuits 300 to 304 corresponding to the gradation values 0 to 4 among the gradation values 0 to 7 assign a plurality of kinds of WG registers indicating information on mutually different drive voltage waveforms to four frames F0 to F3 disposed in time series, thereby generating the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK4 corresponding to the gradation values 0 to 4. The waveform generating circuits 300 to 304 are an example of forming a discharge waveform generating unit that applies the drive voltage waveform for discharging ink to the actuator 8. The waveform generating circuit 300 corresponding to the gradation value 0 includes a WGG register 400, a frame counter 401, a selector 402, a selector 403, a state 404, and a timer 405. Only the circuit configuration of the waveform generating circuit 300 is illustrated, but the waveform generating circuits 301 to 304 have the same circuit configuration. The WGG register 400 sets which of a plurality of kinds of WG registers is assigned to four frames F0 to F3. That is, the WGG register 400 is a waveform setting unit that sets the drive voltage waveform to be used for each gradation value. The setting of which WG register is assigned to the four frames F0 to F3 of the WGG register 400 is different depending on each gradation value. That is, the WGG register 400 and the WG register 307 which are waveform setting units are an example of forming a waveform memory that stores a plurality of sets of drive voltage waveforms and holding voltages which will be described below.
The frame counter 401 selects frames in the order of F0, F1, F2, and F3. The selector 402 selects the WG register assigned to the frame which is selected by the frame counter 401, based upon the setting of the WGG register 400. The selector 403 sets values of the state 404 and the timer 405 based upon the state value and the timer value of the selected WG register. The state value and the timer value of each WG register are received from the WG register storage unit 307. The timer 405 counts the set time, and a state 406 updates a state when the timer 405 times up.
The waveform generating circuit 305 associated with the gradation value 5 corresponding to the Wake data and the waveform generating circuit 306 associated with the gradation value 6 corresponding to the Sleep data respectively include states 406 and 408 and timers 407 and 409. Unlike the gradation values 0 to 4, the waveform generating circuits 305 and 306 respectively generate the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK5 and WK6 corresponding to Wake and Sleep without using the frame. In the same manner, the gradation value 7 corresponding to Sleep hold data also generates the encoded drive voltage waveform WK7 without using the frame. The waveform generating circuit 305 is an example of a Wake waveform generating unit that transitions the voltage of the actuator 8 to the voltage V1 without discharging ink, and the waveform generating circuit 306 is an example of a Sleep waveform generating unit that transitions the voltage of the actuator 8 to the voltage V0 without discharging ink.
The WG register storage unit 307 stores a plurality of kinds of WG registers.
The state S0 is held for time t0, and then becomes the state S1. The state S1 is held for time t1, and then becomes the state S2. The state S2 is held for time t2, and then becomes the state S3. The state S3 is held for time t3, and then becomes the state S4. The state S4 is held for time t4, and then becomes the state S5. The state S5 is held for time t5, and then becomes the state S6. The state S6 is held for time t6, and then becomes the state S7. The state S7 is held for time t7, and then becomes the state S8. There is no fixed holding time for the state S8. The state S8 is held until the update to the next frame is performed or the print trigger is generated next. That is, the voltage set in the last state S8 is the holding voltage. Further, when first to third transistors Q0, Q1, and Q2 which will be described below are used for the output buffer 76, the state of ON/OFF to be held is determined. That is, the WG register storage unit 307 which is an example of the waveform memory stores information on a plurality of kinds of drive voltage waveforms whose transistors to be turned ON at the last are different from each other. Of course, the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK6 themselves may be stored in the waveform memory.
The state values and the timer values of the respective WG registers GW, GS, G0, G1, and G2 are sent from the WG register storage unit 307 to the waveform generating circuits 300 to 306 for generating the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK6. The waveform generating circuits 300 to 306 generate the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK6 according to the state value and the timer value of the WG register. The WK 7 is the final state S8 of the GS. The print trigger is used as a trigger for starting the generation of the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK7. For example, when a print trigger signal is input, the waveform generating circuits 300 to 304 corresponding to the gradation values 0 to 4 read out the state value and timer value of the corresponding WG register based upon the setting of the WGG register 400, and output the state value corresponding only to the time of the timer value to the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK4, and this processing is repeated in all the frames F0 to F4.
In the gradation values 5, 6, and 7, the frame is not used, the WGG register 400 is not set, and a waveform generation operation is different from the gradation values 0 to 4. In the encoded drive voltage waveform WK5 corresponding to the gradation value 5, the value of the WG register GW is output and the final value is held. In the encoded drive voltage waveform WK6 corresponding to the gradation value 6, the value of the WG register GS is output and the final value is held. In the encoded drive voltage waveform WK7 corresponding to the gradation value 7, the value of the state S8 of the WG register GS is output and held. The state of the state S8 is held, for example, until the print trigger is generated next. The encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK7 generated in this manner are respectively applied to the selected input of each waveform selecting unit 75. Further, in this example, a setting value in waveform setting information sent from the print control apparatus 100 is set in the WG register and the WGG register 400. Of course, the setting value of the WG register and WGG register 400 can be a fixed value, but the following advantages are obtained by enabling the print control apparatus 100 to set the setting value.
That is, the ink jet heads 1A to 1D do not have detailed information on ink. The reason is that, for example, it is impossible to cope with new ink or newly requested drive conditions in a case where a way of changing the drive voltage waveform when ink changes or an ink temperature changes is not generally determined and each of the ink jet heads 1A to 1D is fixed with the detailed information on ink. Each of the ink jet heads 1A to 1D cannot normally have a display or an input panel, and cannot be directly connected to a host computer. On the other hand, the print control apparatus 100 which is a control unit of a printer can be provided with, for example, a display or an input panel in the operation unit 18, and often has an interface with the host computer. Therefore, for example, the characteristics of ink are input by using the display and the input panel or from the host computer, and the drive voltage waveform can be set accordingly. Therefore, the ink jet heads 1A to 1D do not include the detailed information on ink, and the print control apparatus 100 includes the information thereon instead and sets the values such as the WG register and the WGG register 400 according to the information thereon, whereby a printer can be used under a wider range of conditions and can become flexible.
Referring back to
As illustrated in
As illustrated in
A glitch generated during the decoding is removed by the glitch removing and dead time generating circuit 502. At the same time, the glitch removing and dead time generating circuit 502 generates signals a0, a1, and a2 into which dead time for turning off all the transistors once is inserted at the timing when the transistors, Q0, Q1, and Q2 (Q2p and Q2n) to be turned ON are switched. The signals a0, a1, and a2 are sent to the output buffer 76. When the signal a0 is “H”, the first transistor Q0 is turned ON, and the voltage V0 (=0 V) is applied to the actuator 8. When the signal a1 is “H”, the second transistor Q1 is turned ON, and the voltage V1 is applied to the actuator 8. When the signal a2 is “H”, the third transistor Q2 (Q2p and Q2n) is turned ON, and the voltage V2 is applied to the actuator 8. When all the signals a0, a1, and a2 are “L”, all the first to third transistors Q0, Q1, and Q2 (Q2p and Q2n) are turned OFF, and the terminal of the actuator 8 becomes high impedance. Two or more of the signals a0, a1, and a2 do not simultaneously become “H”.
Thereafter, the print control apparatus 100 sequentially issues the print data (gradation values 1 to 4) and the print triggers, and applies the drive voltage waveform n times (n≥1) to the actuator 8 of the nozzle 51 such that the actuator 8 discharges ink. However, as illustrated in
When the bias voltage is applied to the actuator 8, polarization of the actuator 8 changes. At this time, when the application time of the bias voltage before the print is short, the print starts before the change of polarization is saturated, such that only when a first dot is printed, a piezoelectric constant appears to be high and the print at the beginning of printing may become dark as shown in an example of
In order to investigate this phenomenon, the actuator 8 was driven by the voltage waveform illustrated in
In the example illustrated in
When a series of print operations are completed, the print control apparatus 100 issues the Sleep command (gradation value 6) and print trigger 14. When the Sleep command is executed, the waveform selecting unit 75 selects the encoded drive voltage waveform WK6 from among the encoded drive voltage waveforms WK0 to WK7, and the output buffer 76 controls ON and OFF of the first to third transistors Q0, Q1, and Q2 (Q2p and Q2n), thereby applying a Sleep voltage waveform according to the encoded drive voltage waveform WK6 to the actuator 8. The voltage applied to the actuator 8 falls from the voltage V1 to the voltage V0. That is, transition is performed from the second voltage to the first voltage (first voltage <second voltage). When the voltage falls to the voltage V0 for performing Sleep, ink should not be discharged. A Sleep waveform is provided with a step of setting the voltage to the voltage V2 during the first 2 μs in order to suppress the pressure amplitude at the time of voltage fall and to cancel the pressure vibration. 2 μs is a half cycle of the pressure vibration. Thereafter, the voltage V0 is maintained until the next print trigger is input.
In another example illustrated in
Thereafter, the print control apparatus 100 issues the Wake command (gradation value 5) and the print trigger 8 prior to the next discharge for the time equal to or more than two cycles (=40 μs) of the print cycle. The voltage applied to the actuator 8 by the Wake voltage waveform rises to the voltage V1, and the application of the voltage V1 is maintained as the bias voltage. The application time of the bias voltage before the discharge is secured for two or more cycles of the print cycle, whereby the first dot of the next discharge can be prevented from becoming dark, and satisfactory print quality can be obtained.
Further, in the above-described example, batch Wake and batch Sleep are performed by the command, but even in a case where the Wake data (gradation value 5) and the Sleep data (gradation value 6) are included in the print data and Wake and Sleep are performed with respect to the individual actuators 8, in the same manner, it is possible not only to prevent the first dot from becoming dark, but also to obtain the satisfactory print quality.
That is, according to the above-described embodiment, the application of the bias voltage to the electrostatic capacitance actuator can be suspended, and the characteristics of the actuator when the liquid is discharged subsequently can be stabilized.
Next, a modification of the setting values of the WG register GW of Wake and the WG register GS of Sleep will be described with reference to
In the same manner, the WG register GS also sets the state value 3 in which all the first to third transistors Q1, Q2 and Q3 are turned OFF at two places including the fall of the voltage waveform from the voltage V1 to the voltage V2 and the fall of the voltage waveform from the voltage V2 and the voltage V0. In
Another modification of the setting values of the WG register GW of Wake and the WG register GS of Sleep will be described with reference to
Thereafter, the print data (gradation value 4) and the print trigger 4 are issued from the print control apparatus 100, and one dot is printed with the gradation value 4. When there is no next discharge, the print data (gradation value 0) and the print trigger 5 are issued from the print control apparatus 100, but when it is determined that there is no discharge thereafter for a while, the print control apparatus 100 issues, for example, the Wake command (gradation value 5) and the print trigger 7. The gradation value 5 may be provided as part of the print data. The waveform selecting unit 75 selects the encoded drive voltage waveform WK5, and the voltage applied to the actuator 8 falls from the voltage V1 to the voltage V2, thereby becoming the low voltage Wake state (dark wake). At a point of time of two cycles of the print cycle before restarting the discharge, the print control apparatus 100 issues the print data (gradation value 0) and the print trigger 10. The waveform selecting unit 75 selects the encoded drive voltage waveform WK0, and the voltage applied to the actuator 8 rises from the voltage V2 to the voltage V1. That is, a state where the bias voltage is applied is formed. Thereafter, the print data (gradation value 0) and the print trigger 11 are issued again from the print control apparatus 100. As a result, the application time of the bias voltage before the discharge is maintained for two or more cycles of the print cycle, whereby the characteristics of the actuator 8 are stabilized.
Thereafter, the print data (gradation value 1) and the print trigger 12 are issued from the print control apparatus 100, and one dot is printed with the gradation value 1. In the next print cycle, the print data (gradation value 4) and the print trigger 13 are issued from the print control apparatus 100, and one dot is printed with the gradation value 4. Thereafter, the print data (gradation value 0) and the print trigger 14 are issued from the print control apparatus 100, and the voltage V1 is applied to the actuator 8. When it is determined that there is no discharge thereafter for a while at this point of time, the print control apparatus 100 issues the wake command (gradation value 5) and the print trigger 15, and the voltage applied to the actuator 8 is lowered up to the voltage V2. Further, the Sleep command (gradation value 6) and the print trigger 16 are issued in the next print cycle, and the voltage applied to all the actuators 8 is lowered up to the voltage V0 (=0 V). That is, a complete Sleep state is formed.
In the above-described embodiment, the ink jet head 1A of the ink jet printer 1 is described as an example of the liquid discharge apparatus, but the liquid discharge apparatus may be a molding material discharge head of a 3D printer and a sample discharge head of a dispensing apparatus. Of course, the actuator 8 is not limited to the configuration and arrangement of the above-described embodiment as long as the actuator 8 is a capacitive load.
While certain embodiments have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Indeed, the novel embodiments described herein may be embodied in a variety of other forms; furthermore, various omissions, substitutions and changes in the form of the embodiments described herein may be made without departing from the spirit of the inventions. The accompanying claims and their equivalents are intended to cover such forms or modifications as would fall within the scope and spirit of the inventions.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2019-057720 | Mar 2019 | JP | national |
