Patent Application
20150275696
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to a liquid pump and a Rankine cycle device including the liquid pump.
2. Description of the Related Art
Lately, energy systems using natural energy, such as sunlight, or exhaust heat of various kinds are attracting attention. One example of such energy systems is a system employing the Rankine cycle. Generally, in a system employing the Rankine cycle, an expander is operated with high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid, and extracts power from the working fluid to generate electric power. The high-temperature, high-pressure working fluid is generated by a pump and a heat source (such as solar heat, geothermal heat, or exhaust heat from a car).
As illustrated in
The circulation flow path 306 between the condenser 304 and the pump 301 is provided with a pressure sensor 311 and a temperature sensor 312. The pressure sensor 311 detects a pressure Ps of the working medium on the inlet side of the pump 301. The temperature sensor 312 detects a temperature Ts of the working medium on the inlet side of the pump 301. The saturation vapor pressure of the working medium at the inlet of the pump 301 is derived from the detected value of the temperature sensor 312. On the basis of the saturation vapor pressure thus derived and the pressure of the working medium detected by the pressure sensor 311, the difference (difference in pressure) between the pressures is obtained, and the output of the pump 301 is adjusted according to the difference in pressure. In this way, the occurrence of cavitation in the pump 301 can be prevented.
As illustrated in FIG. 10, Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2004-346820 describes a refrigerant pump 500. The refrigerant pump 500 includes a hermetic case 510, an electric motor 511, a pump mechanism 512, a drive shaft 513, a suction board 516, a suction pipe 521, and a discharge pipe 520. The electric motor 511 includes a stator 511a and a rotor 511b. The stator 511a is attached to the outside of the hermetic case 510, and the rotor 511b is disposed in the hermetic case 510. Near the inlet of the suction pipe 521 of the suction board 516, a cutout 519 is formed by cutting out part of the suction board 516. In this way, a refrigerant suction path is securely obtained.
The pump 301 of the electric generating device 300 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2012-202374 is open to improvement in terms of reliability. One non-limiting and exemplary embodiment provides a highly reliable liquid pump capable of preventing damage to components, even when gas is brought into a casing together with liquid.
In one general aspect, the techniques disclosed here feature a liquid pump comprising: a casing; a feed pipe that brings liquid from outside the casing to inside the casing; a pump mechanism that is provided inside the casing, and that includes a suction hole through which the liquid is sucked in and a discharge hole through which the liquid sucked in via the suction hole is discharged; a suction space that is extended from an opening of the feed pipe to an inlet of the suction hole in the casing, and that connects a flow path formed by the feed pipe to the suction hole; and a discharge space that is positioned on a side with an outlet of the discharge hole in the casing and that connects to the discharge hole, wherein the suction space includes a gas accumulation area that is positioned above a center of the opening of the feed pipe on a side with the casing, in a cross section view of the liquid pump, and that accumulates gas brought into the casing through the feed pipe together with the liquid to separate the gas from the liquid.
The liquid pump of the present disclosure is capable of preventing damage to components, even when gas is brought into the casing together with liquid, and is hence highly reliable.
Additional benefits and advantages of the disclosed embodiments will become apparent from the specification and drawings. The benefits and/or advantages may be individually obtained by the various embodiments and features of the specification and drawings, which need not all be provided in order to obtain one or more of such benefits and/or advantages.
In the above-described conventional technique, the liquid working medium condensed by the condenser 304 is sucked in by the pump 301 in the electric generating device 300. As a pump in a system employing the Rankine cycle as the electric generating device 300, a positive-displacement pump, such as a gear pump or a rotary pump, or a velocity pump, such as a centrifugal pump, is often used. When cavitation occurs in a working fluid flowing into the pump, principal parts in the pump are likely to be damaged.
Cavitation is a phenomenon in which, in a fluid machine, liquid working fluid flowing in the fluid machine comes to the boil when the pressure of a part of the liquid working fluid reaches the saturation vapor pressure, thereby forming small bubbles. The impact pressure attributable to breaking of the bubbles erodes the components of the fluid machine. For example, in the case where the fluid machine is of a velocity type fluid, principal parts such as the impeller are damaged.
Moreover, the working fluid condensed by the condenser may change from a liquid state to a gas-liquid two-phase state before being sucked into the pump, due to a decrease in pressure caused by a loss of pressure in the flow of the working fluid attributable to piping, or due to an increase in temperature caused by receiving heat. When such a change occurs, gas is brought into the pump together with the liquid, which may damage components of the pump as in the case where cavitation occurs in the fluid machine. In addition, since gas is mixed in the working fluid brought into the pump, the amount of working fluid discharged from the pump also changes. This change may lead to changes in the circulation amount of the working fluid and changes in pressure of the working fluid in the Rankine cycle. Consequently, the output of the electric power generation using the power collected by the expander may be inconsistent, or vibrations may occur in the piping.
In the electric generating device 300, the rotational speed of the pump 301 is regulated on the basis of the output values of the pressure sensor 311 and the temperature sensor 312. In this way, the working medium sucked in by the pump 301 is maintained in the liquid state, thereby preventing cavitation and suction of the working medium in the gas-liquid two-phase state. However, in the electric generating device 300, a delay may occur in the response time from when the rotational speed of the pump 301 is changed to when the state of the working medium at the inlet of the pump 301 is changed. In such a case, when cycle changes occur, for example, when the temperature of the heat source or the heat quantity of the heat source changes in the evaporator 302, or when the heat radiation temperature or the heat radiation amount changes in the condenser 304, the working medium in the gas-liquid two-phase state may flow into the pump 301. Moreover, the working medium in the gas-liquid two-phase state may flow into the pump 301 when the cycle is in transition, for example, when the electric generating device 300 is in operation. Further, the pressure sensor 311 and the temperature sensor 312 are required, which increases the complexity of the device configuration and consequently increases the device manufacturing cost.
With regard to the refrigerant pump 500, the refrigerant sucking path is secured by the cutout 519.
A first aspect of the present disclosure includes a liquid pump including: a casing; a feed pipe that brings liquid from outside the casing to inside the casing; a pump mechanism that is provided inside the casing, and that includes a suction hole through which the liquid is sucked in and a discharge hole through which the liquid sucked in via the suction hole is discharged; a suction space that is extended from an opening of the feed pipe to an inlet of the suction hole in the casing, and that connects a flow path formed by the feed pipe to the suction hole; and a discharge space that is positioned on a side with an outlet of the discharge hole in the casing and that connects to the discharge hole, wherein the suction space includes a gas accumulation area that is positioned above a center of the opening of the feed pipe on a side with the casing, in a cross section view of the liquid pump, and that accumulates gas brought into the casing through the feed pipe together with the liquid to separate the gas from the liquid.
According to the first aspect, even when gas is brought into the casing together with liquid, the gas is accumulated in the gas accumulation area in the suction space and is thereby separated from the liquid, which makes it easier for only the liquid to reach the inlet of the suction hole. With the above-described positional relationship between the end of the feed pipe on the side with the casing and the inlet of the suction hole, it is also difficult for the gas to reach the inlet of the suction hole. This prevents the gas accumulation area from affecting (i.e., isolating the gas accumulation area from) the flow of the liquid flowing from the feed pipe into the casing. Hence, even when gas is brought into the casing together with liquid, the gas is prevented from flowing into the pump mechanism, consequently preventing damage to the components of the pump mechanism. Moreover, since the liquid pump according to the first aspect includes the suction space and the discharge space, pulsation caused by suction of liquid or discharge of liquid in the pump mechanism can be prevented from being transmitted to the outside of the liquid pump.
A second aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to the first aspect, in which the end of the feed pipe on the side with the casing is positioned at a height of the inlet of the suction hole or above the inlet of the suction hole, in the cross section view of the liquid pump. According to the second aspect, the above-described positional relationship between the end of the feed pipe on the casing side and the inlet of the suction hole makes it further difficult for gas to reach the inlet of the suction hole. Hence, even when gas is brought into the casing together with liquid, the gas is prevented from flowing into the pump mechanism, consequently preventing damage to the components of the pump mechanism.
A third aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to the first aspect or the second aspect, in which an inner peripheral surface of the casing includes, as space-forming parts, only a part that forms the suction space and a part that forms the discharge space. According to the third aspect, the capacity of the suction space and the discharge space in the casing is large. Hence, pulsation caused by suction of liquid or discharge of liquid in the pump mechanism can be further prevented from being transmitted to the outside of the liquid pump. Moreover, since it is possible to increase the gas accumulation area, an even larger volume of gas can be accumulated.
A fourth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the first to third aspects, further including a shaft. In the liquid pump, the pump mechanism sucks in the liquid via the suction hole and discharges the liquid via the discharge hole by rotation of the shaft. According to the fourth aspect, by controlling the number of rotations of the shaft, the amount of flowing liquid can be adjusted. This makes it possible to minutely adjust the amount of flowing liquid. By adjusting the amount of flowing liquid according to the pressure or temperature of the liquid sucked in by the liquid pump, gas is prevented from being sucked in by the pump mechanism together with the liquid.
A fifth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the first to fourth aspects, further including a predetermined member that is provided on a line segment connecting the center of the opening at the end of the feed pipe on the side with the casing and a center of the inlet of the suction hole. According to the fifth aspect, since the suction space is formed to avoid the predetermined members, the liquid flowing into the casing through the feed pipe can be prevented from flowing into the suction hole of the pump mechanism via the shortest path connecting the feed pipe and the suction hole of the pump mechanism with a straight line. This can further prevent gas from being sucked into the pump mechanism together with liquid.
A sixth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the first to fifth aspects, further including a dividing member that divides the suction space into an upper space that is in contact with the end of the feed pipe on the side with the casing and a lower space that is in contact with the inlet of the suction hole. According to the sixth aspect, since liquid flowing into the casing through the feed pipe flows along the dividing member and then flows into the suction hole of the pump mechanism, it is possible to further prevent gas from being sucked in by the pump mechanism together with liquid.
A seventh aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the first to sixth aspects, in which a straight line that extends along a central axis of the feed pipe to inside the casing and a straight line that passes a center of the inlet of the suction hole and is orthogonal to the inlet of the suction hole are included in different planes. According to the seventh aspect, since the length of the path along which the liquid brought into the casing through the feed pipe flows to reach the suction hole of the pump mechanism is increased, a period for separating gas from the liquid in the suction space can be increased. Hence, it is possible to further prevent gas from being sucked in by the pump together with liquid.
An eighth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the fourth to seventh aspects, in which, when a first line segment and a second line segment are projected on a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis of the shaft, an angle between the first line segment and the second line segment is in a range of 90° to 270°, the first line segment connecting the center of the opening at the end of the feed pipe on the side with the casing and a rotation axis of the shaft, the second line segment connecting a center of the inlet of the suction hole and the rotation axis of the shaft. According to the eighth aspect, since the length of the path along which the liquid brought into the casing through the feed pipe flows to reach the suction hole of the pump mechanism is increased, a period for separating gas from the liquid in the suction space can be increased. Hence, it is possible to further prevent gas from being sucked into the pump together with liquid.
A ninth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of fourth to eighth aspects, further including an electric motor that is provided inside the casing and is connected to the pump mechanism via the shaft, and that drives the pump mechanism. According to the ninth aspect, since the electric motor is disposed in the casing, liquid can be prevented from leaking out from the casing.
A tenth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the ninth aspect, in which the electric motor is provided in the discharge space. According to the tenth aspect, since the heat generated in the electric motor can be collected by harnessing the liquid discharged from the pump mechanism, the efficiency of the liquid pump increases.
An eleventh aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the first to tenth aspects, in which the suction space includes a reservoir area that holds the liquid. According to the eleventh aspect, liquid can be held in the suction space. Hence, the liquid pump can be used for a Rankine cycle device, for example.
A twelfth aspect of the present disclosure provides a Rankine cycle device including: a heater that heats working fluid; an expander that expands the working fluid heated by the heater; a radiator that dissipates heat of the working fluid expanded by the expander; and a liquid pump according to any one of the first to eleventh aspects. In the Rankine cycle device, the working fluid in a liquid state flowing out from the heater is brought, as the liquid, to inside the casing via the feed pipe.
To increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle, it is desirable that the working fluid flowing out from the radiator be supercooled liquid having a smallest-possible degree of supercooling or be saturated liquid. However, the working fluid in such a state easily enters the gas-liquid two-phase state when the pressure of the working fluid is slightly reduced or when the working fluid is slightly heated. According to the twelfth aspect, even when liquid working fluid flowing out from the radiator changes to the gas-liquid two-phase state as a result of pressure reduction or heating, and consequently gaseous working fluid is brought into the liquid pump together with liquid working fluid, gas is prevented from flowing into the pump mechanism. This can prevent damage to the components of the pump mechanism. Hence, it is possible to prevent damage to the components of the pump mechanism while operating the Rankine cycle device with a highly efficient Rankine cycle.
A thirteenth aspect of the present disclosure provides the liquid pump according to any one of the fourth to eleventh aspects, in which the shaft extends vertically or horizontally, and the gas accumulation area is positioned above a vertical center of a working chamber of the pump mechanism when the shaft extends vertically or is positioned above a rotation axis of the shaft when the shaft extends horizontally.
According to the thirteenth aspect, since the gas accumulation area is provided further above, gas separated from liquid in the gas accumulation area is less likely to flow into the suction hole.
In the following, an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the drawings. Note that the following description is of an example of the present disclosure, and the present disclosure should not be limited thereto.
As illustrated in
The liquid pump 1a further includes a motor 11, a shaft 13, a discharge pipe 20, and a dividing member 27. The liquid pump 1a is a hermetic pump, and the inner space of the casing 10 communicates with the outer space of the casing 10 via only the feed pipe 21 and the discharge pipe 20. The shaft 13 extends vertically. The pump mechanism 12 includes an upper bearing member 14, a pump case 15, and a lower bearing member 16. The pump case 15 is provided between the upper bearing member 14 and the lower bearing member 16.
In the pump mechanism 12, liquid is sucked in by the pump mechanism 12 via the suction hole 22 and is discharged from the pump mechanism 12 via the discharge hole 23 by rotation of the shaft 13. In this embodiment, liquid is sucked in from a lower part of the pump mechanism 12 and is discharged to an upper part of the pump mechanism 12.
The pump mechanism 12 is an internal gear pump, for example. As illustrated in
The upper bearing member 14, the lower bearing member 16, the outer gear 24, and the inner gear 25 form a working chamber 26 in the pump mechanism 12. The outer gear 24 and the inner gear 25 rotate as the shaft 13 rotates, and thereby the pump mechanism 12 operates while repeating a suction process and a discharge process. In other words, rotation of the outer gear 24 and the inner gear 25 changes the function of the working chamber 26 from the function as a suction chamber 26a to the function as a discharge chamber 26c, or from the state as the discharge chamber 26c to the state as the suction chamber 26a. The suction chamber 26a is a part of the working chamber 26 when communicating with the suction space 19 via the suction hole 22. The discharge chamber 26c is a part of the working chamber 26 when communicating with the discharge space 18 via the discharge hole 23. In the suction process, the capacity of the suction chamber 26a increases as the shaft 13 rotates. When the suction hole 22 is closed, preventing the suction chamber 26a from communicating with the suction space 19, the suction process ends. When the shaft 13 further rotates, the working chamber 26 in which the suction process has ended comes to communicate with the discharge space 18 via the discharge hole 23, thus changing to the function as the discharge chamber 26c. The capacity of the discharge chamber 26c then decreases as the shaft 13 rotates. When the discharge hole 23 is closed, thereby preventing the discharge chamber 26c from communicating with the discharge space 18, the discharge process ends. In this way, as a result of the rotation of the shaft 13, the liquid is sucked in by the pump mechanism 12 via the suction hole 22 and is discharged from the pump mechanism 12 via the discharge hole 23.
The pump mechanism 12 is fixed to the casing 10 in such a way that the upper bearing member 14 is welded to the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10, for example. The inner space of the casing 10 is separated by the upper bearing member 14 into the discharge space 18 and the suction space 19. The inner peripheral surface of the casing 10 includes only, as space-forming parts, a part that forms the suction space 19 and a part that forms the discharge space 18. Having the suction space 19 and the discharge space 18 makes it possible to prevent the pulsation caused by suction of liquid or discharge of liquid in the pump mechanism 12 from being transmitted to the outside of the liquid pump 1a. Alternatively, the inner space of the casing 10 may be separated into the discharge space 18 and the suction space 19 by the pump case 15 or the lower bearing member 16.
The motor 11 is disposed in the casing 10. The motor 11 is positioned above the upper bearing member 14. Specifically, the motor 11 is disposed in the discharge space 18. The motor 11 is connected to the pump mechanism 12 via the shaft 13 to drive the pump mechanism 12. Specifically, the motor 11 includes a stator 11a and a rotor 11b, and the rotor 11b is connected to the shaft 13. The stator 11a is fixed to the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10. The liquid pump 1a includes a terminal 17 that supplies electric power to the motor 11. The terminal 17 is provided to an upper part of the casing 10. When electric power is supplied to the motor 11, the shaft 13 rotates together with the rotor 11b, thereby driving the pump mechanism 12 as described above.
The rotor 11b is connected to the shaft 13 while being in contact with the shaft 13. In this way, the rotation axis of the rotor 11b and the rotation axis P of the shaft 13 can be prevented from being misaligned with each other. This can reduce the sliding loss of the pump mechanism 12 with the upper bearing member 14 and the lower bearing member 16 and thereby reduce wear of the shaft 13, the upper bearing member 14, and the lower bearing member 16, consequently increasing the reliability of the liquid pump 1a. In addition, the efficiency of the motor 11 is improved.
The feed pipe 21 is attached to the casing 10 in such a way as to penetrate the side wall forming the barrel part of the casing 10. Liquid is brought into the casing 10 from outside the casing 10 through the feed pipe 21. The liquid flowing out from the feed pipe 21 flows through the suction space 19 toward the suction hole 22. The discharge pipe 20 is attached to the casing 10 in such a way as to penetrate the ceiling wall forming the upper surface of the casing 10. The flow path formed by the discharge pipe 20 communicates with the discharge space 18. The discharge pipe 20 is a pipe that discharges, from the liquid pump 1a, the liquid discharged from the pump mechanism 12 to the discharge space 18 via the discharge hole 23.
An end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10 is positioned at the height of the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 or above the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 when viewed vertically. With the above-described positional relationship between the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10 and the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22, even when gas is brought into the casing 10 together with the liquid through the feed pipe 21, it is difficult for the gas to reach the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22. The suction space 19 includes a gas accumulation area 19c, which is positioned above a center 21c of the opening at the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10 and which accumulates the gas brought into the casing 10 through the feed pipe 21 together with the liquid to separate the gas from the liquid. This allows, even when gas is brought together with liquid through the feed pipe 21, the gas to be accumulated in the gas accumulation area 19c and consequently to be separated from the liquid, thus making it easier for only the liquid to reach the suction hole 22. Since gas is prevented from flowing into the pump mechanism 12, damage to the components of the pump mechanism 12 can be prevented.
To increase the possibility that gas is accumulated and separated from liquid in the gas accumulation area 19c, it is desirable that the gas accumulation area 19c extend above the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10, for example. Moreover, the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10 is preferably provided in such a way as to protrude inward from the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10. The gas accumulation area 19c preferably includes a part positioned above the vertical center of the working chamber 26 of the pump mechanism 12. In such a case, the gas accumulation area 19c is provided even higher, making it difficult for the gas in the gas accumulation area 19c separated from the liquid to flow toward the suction hole 22.
The end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10, the dividing member 27, and the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 are disposed in this order from above. The liquid pump 1a further includes predetermined members disposed on a line segment L connecting the center 21c of the opening at the end 21e and a center 22c of the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22. In this embodiment, the pump case 15, the lower bearing member 16, and the shaft 13 correspond to the predetermined members disposed on the line segment Las illustrated in
The dividing member 27 divides the suction space 19 into an upper space 19a and a lower space 19b. The upper space 19a is a space that is in contact with the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10. The lower space 19b is a space that is in contact with the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22. As illustrated in
The dividing member 27 is disposed closer to the outer periphery than the lower bearing member 16 is. The dividing member 27 extends in the direction orthogonal to the rotation axis P of the shaft 13 (the radial direction of the shaft 13), and is formed so as to encircle the lower bearing member 16. The dividing member 27 is disposed so that the outer peripheral surface of the dividing member 27 is positioned farther from the rotation axis P of the shaft 13 than the outer peripheral surface of the pump case 15. For example, the dividing member 27 is disposed so that the outer peripheral surface of the dividing member 27 is in contact with the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10. The dividing member 27 has an annular shape in plan view.
As illustrated in
The suction space 19 includes a reservoir area 19d for holding the liquid. To hold the liquid, the suction space 19 is formed to have a sufficient depth below the suction hole 22. The suction space 19 has, as the reservoir area 19d, a space having a capacity that is, for example, 20 to 300 times larger than the capacity of the working chamber 26 of the pump mechanism 12, although also depending on the capacity of the piping of the entire Rankine cycle device. With this configuration, the liquid can be held in the reservoir area 19d, and hence the liquid pump 1a can be used for a Rankine cycle device, for example.
The liquid flows into the upper space 19a of the suction space 19 through the feed pipe 21. The liquid flowing into the upper space 19a flows in the circumferential direction of the casing 10, flows along the communication paths 28 formed in the dividing member 27, and then flows into the lower space 19b. When gas is brought together with the liquid through the feed pipe 21, the gas is accumulated in the gas accumulation area 19c in an upper part of the upper space 19a while the liquid is accumulated in a lower part of the upper space 19a. Thus, only the liquid flows along the communication paths 28.
The liquid flowing into the lower space 19b is sucked into the suction chamber 26a from the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 via the suction hole 22. As the capacity of the suction chamber 26a increases with the rotation of the shaft 13 in the suction process, the suction chamber 26a is filled with the liquid. When the shaft 13 further rotates, thereby changing to the discharge process, the liquid is discharged via the discharge hole 23 while the capacity of the discharge chamber 26c decreases. The liquid discharged into the discharge space 18 flows upward in the discharge space 18 through a gap between the stator 11a and the inner peripheral surface of the casing 10 and the gap between the stator 11a and the rotor 11b, and is then discharged from the casing 10 through the discharge pipe 20.
Next, a Rankine cycle device 100 including the liquid pump 1a will be described. As illustrated in
For example, organic working fluid may be used preferably as working fluid in the Rankine cycle device 100, although the working fluid is not particularly limited. Examples of the organic working fluid are organic compounds such as halogenated hydrocarbons, hydrocarbons, and alcohol. Halogenated hydrocarbons are, for example, R-123, R365mfc, and R-245fa. Hydrocarbons are, for example, alkanes such as propane, butane, pentane, and isopentane. Alcohol is, for example, ethanol. These organic working fluids may be used individually, or two or more kinds of the organic working fluids may be mixed. Alternatively, inorganic working fluids such as water, carbon dioxide, and ammonia may be used as the working fluid.
The heater 2 heats the working fluid in the Rankine cycle. The heater 2 absorbs, for example, the thermal energy from a heat transfer medium such as hot water obtained by using geothermal energy, or combustion gas or exhaust from a boiler or a combustion furnace, and heats the working fluid with the absorbed thermal energy and thereby evaporates the working fluid. A flow path 2a for the heat transfer medium is connected to the heater 2. When the heat transfer medium is a liquid such as hot water, a plate heat exchanger or a double-pipe heat exchanger is preferably used as the heater 2. When the heat transfer medium is a gas such as combustion gas or exhaust, a fin and tube heat exchanger is preferably used as the heater 2. In
The expander 3 is a fluid machine that expands the working fluid heated by the heater 2. The Rankine cycle device 100 further includes an electric generator 5. The electric generator 5 is connected to the expander 3. The expander 3 obtains rotational power as a result of expansion of the working fluid in the expander 3. The rotational power is converted to electricity by the electric generator 5. The expander 3 is a positive-displacement or velocity expander, for example. Examples of the types of positive-displacement expanders are rotary type, screw type, reciprocating type, and scroll type. Examples of the types of velocity expander are centrifugal type and axial-flow type. The expander 3 is typically a positive-displacement expander.
The radiator 4 dissipates heat of the working fluid expanded by the expander 3. Specifically, in the radiator 4, the working fluid is cooled by thermal exchange of the working fluid with a cooling medium, which heats the cooling medium. A flow path 4a for the cooling medium is connected to the radiator 4. In
The working fluid flowing out from the radiator 4 is in a liquid state. Hence, the liquid working fluid flowing out from the radiator 4 is brought into the casing 10 through the feed pipe 21. The liquid pump 1a applies pressure to the working fluid, and the pressurized working fluid is fed to the heater 2 through the flow path 6a. To increase the efficiency of the Rankine cycle, the working fluid flowing out from the radiator 4 and then into the liquid pump 1a is desirably supercooled liquid having a smallest-possible degree of supercooling or is saturated liquid. However, the working fluid in such a state easily enters the gas-liquid two-phase state as a result of a slight reduction in pressure or slight heating. This may cause gas to be brought into the casing 10 together with a liquid through the feed pipe 21. In such a case, the above-described configuration of the liquid pump 1a can prevent the gas from flowing into the pump mechanism 12, consequently preventing damage to the components of the pump mechanism 12. The same effects can also be obtained when cooling of the working fluid in the radiator 4 is insufficient due to the operation state of the Rankine cycle device 100 and the working fluid in the gas-liquid two-phase state is fed to the liquid pump 1a through the feed pipe 21, for example.
Since the working fluid collects, in the discharge space 18, heat generated in the motor 11, the liquid pump 1a is highly efficient. Hence, the Rankine cycle device 100 is also highly efficient.
The pressure condition and the temperature condition of the working fluid in the Rankine cycle change depending on the operation condition of the Rankine cycle device. The operation condition includes, for example, the temperature of the heat transfer medium flowing into the heater 2, the amount of heat in the thermal exchange between the working fluid and the heat transfer medium in the heater 2, the temperature of the cooling medium flowing into the radiator 4, the amount of heat in the thermal exchange between the working fluid and the cooling medium in the heater 2, and the rotational speed of the expander 3. The optimal amount of working fluid in the Rankine cycle device 100 changes in accordance with the operation condition of the Rankine cycle device 100. The liquid pump 1a, which is capable of holding a certain amount of liquid working fluid in the reservoir area 19d, can address changes in the optimal amount of working fluid caused by changes in the operation condition. Hence, operation of the Rankine cycle device 100 with high cycle efficiency is possible.
Modifications can be made to the liquid pump 1a in various respects. The liquid pump 1a may be modified as a liquid pump 1b according to a first modified embodiment illustrated in
As illustrated in
The feed pipe 21 is attached in such a way as to penetrate the side wall of the casing 10 at a position above the rotation axis P of the shaft 13. Accordingly, the gas accumulation area 19c of the suction space 19 is positioned above the rotation axis P of the shaft 13. This allows the gas accumulation area 19c to be positioned further above, thereby making it easier for gas to be accumulated in the gas accumulation area 19c and consequently making it difficult for the gas separated from liquid to flow toward the suction hole 22.
As illustrated in
Assume that the line segment A, connecting the center 21c of the opening at the end 21e and the rotation axis P of the shaft 13, and the line segment B, connecting the center 22c of the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 and the rotation axis P of the shaft 13, are projected on a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis P of the shaft 13. In this case, as illustrated in
Disposing the feed pipe 21 as described above increases the length of the path along which the liquid brought into the casing 10 through the feed pipe 21 flows to reach the suction hole 22 of the pump mechanism 12, consequently making it possible to increase the period for separating gas from the liquid in the suction space 19.
The liquid pump 1a may be modified as a liquid pump 1c according to the second modified embodiment, as illustrated in
As illustrated in
Assume that the line segment A, connecting the center 21c of the opening at the end 21e of the feed pipe 21 on the side with the casing 10 and the rotation axis P of the shaft 13, and the line segment B, connecting the center 22c of the inlet 22i of the suction hole 22 and the rotation axis P of the shaft 13, are projected on a plane orthogonal to the rotation axis P of the shaft 13. In this case, as illustrated in
Disposing the feed pipe 21 as described above increases the length of the path along which the liquid brought into the casing 10 through the feed pipe 21 flows to reach the suction hole 22 of the pump mechanism 12, consequently making it possible to increase the period for separating gas from the liquid in the suction space 19.
The liquid pump 1a may be modified to have a configuration as a pump other than an internal gear pump. The liquid pump 1a may be configured as a positive-displacement pump such as a gear pump of a different type, a piston pump, a vane pump, or a rotary pump, or a velocity pump such as a centrifugal pump, a mixed-flow pump, or an axial-flow pump.
The dividing member 27 may be formed of a punching plate or a mesh member. Alternatively, tiny protrusions having antifoaming effects may be formed on the dividing member 27. The dividing member 27 may be omitted.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-075032 | Apr 2014 | JP | national |
