Patent Grant
7675195
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a load control system comprising a plurality of load control devices for controlling the amount of power delivered to a plurality of electrical loads from an AC power source, and more particularly, to a lighting control system for controlling the intensity of a plurality of lighting loads.
2. Description of the Related Art
Typical load control systems are operable to control the amount of power delivered to an electrical load, such as a lighting load or a motor load, from an alternating-current (AC) power source. A load control system generally comprises a plurality of control devices coupled to a communication link to allow for communication between the control devices. The control devices of a lighting control system include load control devices operable to control the amount of power delivered to the loads in response to digital messages received across the communication link or local inputs, such as user actuations of a button. Further, the control devices of a lighting control system often include one or more keypad controllers that transmit commands across the communication link in order to control the loads coupled to the load control devices. An example of a lighting control system is described in greater detail in commonly-assigned U.S. Pat. No. 6,803,728, issued Oct. 12, 2004, entitled SYSTEM FOR CONTROL OF DEVICES, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
The lighting control system 10 further comprises a processor 22, which controls the operation of the lighting control system and thus the amount of power delivered to the lighting loads 16 by the load control modules 14. The processor 22 is operable to communicate with the module interface 18 of the power panel 12 via a power panel link 24. Accordingly, the module interface 18 is operable to cause the load control modules 14 to turn off and on and to control the intensity of the lighting loads 16 in response to digital messages received from the processor 22. The processor 22 is operable to be coupled to a plurality of power panels (not shown) via the power panel link 24.
In addition to being coupled to the power panel link 24, the central processor 22 is also coupled to a control device communication link 26 for communication with a plurality of control devices 28 (e.g., wallstations or keypads). The control devices 28 allow users to provide inputs to the lighting control system 10. The processor 22 is operable to control the lighting loads 16 in response to digital messages received from the control devices 28.
The control devices 28 of the control device communication link 26 communicate using a high baud rate, e.g., 125 kilobits per second (kbps), and are wired together using a daisy-chain wiring scheme. Using the daisy-chain wiring scheme, the control devices are wired in series, e.g., a first control device is wired to a-second control device, which is wired to a third control device, which is wired to a fourth control device, and so on. The control devices cannot be wired using a web, star, or “free-wiring” topology. Since the control device communication link 26 uses a high baud rate of 125 kbps and a daisy-chain wiring scheme, the length of the link is limited to approximately 2000 feet.
The length of the control device communication link 26 may be effectively lengthened by using a plurality of repeater devices 30. The plurality of repeater devices are coupled between different sections of the control device communication link 26, which are each limited to 2000 feet. Each repeater device 30 receives the AC line voltage and supplies power for the control devices on one of the sections of the control device communication link 26. The repeater devices 30 are operable to retransmit the digital messages that are received on one section of the control device communication link 26 on the other section of the link to which the repeater devices are connected.
The use of the repeater devices 30 introduces some delay into the transmissions of the control device communication link 26. When a repeater device 30 retransmits a digital message, there is a delay period from when the repeater device 30 receives the digital message to when the repeater device transmits the digital message on the other section of the control device communication link 26. Further, depending upon the data content of the digital message, the repeater device 30 may be enabled to transmit on the control device communication link 26 for a period of time after the end of the digital message that the repeater device. Thus, there is a period of time after the repeater device transmits a digital message that the repeater device 30 maintains control over the communication link 26 and the other control devices cannot transmit digital messages.
Accordingly, a predetermined delay period must be built into the protocol of the control device communication link in order to account for the delays of the repeater devices 30. Specifically, each control device must wait for a predetermined amount of time after the end of the last digital message before transmitting a digital message on the communication link. The predetermined delay period is dependent upon the number of repeater devices 30 that can be included in the lighting control system 10. The predetermined delay period decreases the response time of the lighting control system 10.
Thus, there is a need for a load control system that can include a plurality of repeater devices, but still has a substantially fast response time.
According to the present invention, a load control system for controlling the amount of power delivered to a plurality of electrical loads from an AC power source comprises a plurality of link power supply devices, a plurality of device communication links, a plurality of control devices, and a repeater communication link. Each link power supply device includes first and second communication ports, and an internal power supply for receiving a supply voltage and for generating a link voltage. Each of the device communication links is coupled to the first communication port of one of the plurality of link power supply devices. Each of the control devices is coupled to one of the plurality of device communication links. The link voltages of the link power supplies are provided on the device communication links, such that the control devices are operable to draw current from the link power supply devices. The control devices are operable to transmit and receive first digital messages between each other via the device communication links. The repeater communication link is coupled to the second communication port of each of the link power supply devices. The link power supply devices are each operable to receive the first digital messages via the first communication port and to subsequently transmit second digital messages on the repeater communication link via the second communication port. The second digital messages are substantially the same as the first digital messages. No control devices are coupled to the repeater communication link, such that no control devices draw current through the repeater communication link.
The present invention further provides a link power supply device for a load control system for controlling the amount of power delivered to a plurality of electrical loads from an AC power source. The link power supply device comprise first and second communication ports, first and second communication circuits, and a power supply. The first communication port is adapted to be coupled to a device communication link for receipt of a first digital message, while the second communication port is adapted to be coupled to a repeater communication. The first and second communication circuits are coupled to the first and second communication ports, respectively, and are operatively coupled together, such that the second communication circuit is operable to transmit a second digital message on the repeater communication link after the first communication circuit receives the first digital message. The power supply is operable to receive a supply voltage and to generate a link voltage, which is provided to the first communication port, but not provided to the second communication port.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of the invention that refers to the accompanying drawings.
The foregoing summary, as well as the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, is better understood when read in conjunction with the appended drawings. For the purposes of illustrating the invention, there is shown in the drawings an embodiment that is presently preferred, in which like numerals represent similar parts throughout the several views of the drawings, it being understood, however, that the invention is not limited to the specific methods and instrumentalities disclosed.
A plurality of control devices, e.g., a multi-zone lighting control unit 114, an electronic drive unit 116, and a plurality of keypads 118, are coupled to each of the device communication links 112. The load control system 100 may include more control devices coupled to each of the device communication links 112 than shown in
The link power supplies 110 each receive power from the AC power source 102 (via an AC wiring 108 coupled to a connector AC_IN). Each link power supply 110 generates the DC voltages to power the control devices on each of the connected communication links 112. The link power supplies 110 each couple the data wires (i.e., the communication signals MUX,
The control devices on the device communication links 112 draw current from the link power supplies 110 through the second wires of the device communication links to charge internal power supplies. The current drawn by each of the control devices on the device communication links 112 returns to the bus power supplies via the first wire of each device communication link. Because the first and second wires are characterized by a resistance per length, voltage drops are produced across each of the first and second wires when the control devices are drawing current from the link power supplies 110. These voltage drops affect the differential communication signals transmitted on the third and fourth wires of the device communication links 112. Since the differential communication signals of the third and fourth wires are referenced to the common connection (i.e., the first wire), the magnitudes of the differential communication signals with respect to the common connection may change in magnitude in response to a current drawn through and a voltage drop produced across the first wire. According to the RS-485 standard, the magnitudes of the differential communication signals (with respect to the common connection) must be maintained within predetermined limits (e.g., between −8 and +12 volts). Accordingly, the total length of the segments of the device communication links 112 connected to each link power supply 110 is limited to a predetermined total length, e.g., approximately 2000 feet.
The link power supplies 110 are further coupled together via a repeater communication link 120, e.g., preferably a three-wire RS-485 communication link. Each link power supply 110 is operable to be coupled to the repeater communication link 120 via a repeater communication link connector J2 (i.e. a communication port). The repeater communication link 120 preferably comprises only three wires: a first wire for a common connection, and second and third wires (i.e., data wires) for carrying the digital messages between the link power supplies 110 (i.e., differential communication signals according to the RS-485 protocol). Preferably, the repeater communication link 120 is not used to provide power to any control devices and an insignificant amount of current (e.g., less than approximately 3 mA) is drawn through the common connection (i.e., the first wire of the repeater communication link 120). Accordingly, the magnitudes of the differential communication signals with respect to the common connection are easily maintained within the limits determined by the RS-485 standard.
According to the present invention, the control devices that are coupled to a first link power supply 110 are operable to communicate with the control devices that are coupled to any of the link power supplies. The link power supplies 110 include integral repeater circuits and operate as repeater devices, i.e., to retransmit the digital messages received via the device communication link 112 on the repeater communication link 120 (and vice versa). The digital messages transmitted on the repeater communication link 120 are essentially identical to the digital messages transmitted on the device communication links 112.
Because the link power supplies 110 are all coupled together via the repeater communication link 120, a maximum of two link power supplies 110 are located between any two control devices in the load control system 100. According to the protocol of the device communication links 112 and a repeater communication link 120, the control devices must wait for a predetermined amount of time after the end of a digital message before transmitting another digital message. The predetermined amount of time is sized to be at least two byte-times (for example, approximately 528 μsec) based on the fact that two link power supplies 110 are located between any two devices.
The digital messages are transmitted on the device communication links 112 and the repeater communication link 120 at a baud rate of preferably 41,666 bits per second. The control devices and the link power supplies 110 may be wired to the device communication links 112 and the repeater communication link 120 using a free-wiring topology, i.e., there is no requirement to wire the control devices in a daisy-chain fashion. Preferably, the repeater communication link 120 may comprise up to a maximum of approximately 2000 feet of wiring. Further, the device communication links 112 connected to a single link power supply 110 may also comprise up to a maximum of approximately 2000 feet of wiring (total between the communication links 112 connected to the single link power supply 110). Thus, there may be up to a maximum of approximately 6000 feet between any two control devices in the load control system 100.
The link power supply 110 also comprises first and second communication circuits, e.g., first and second RS-485 transceivers 154, 156. The first and second RS-485 transceivers 154, 156 preferably each comprise an integrated circuit (IC), e.g., part number MAX3085 manufactured by MAXIM Integrated Products. The first RS-485 transceiver 154 is coupled to the data wires MUX,
The RS-485 transceivers 154, 156 are coupled together via two delay circuits 158 and a dual latch circuit 160. The first RS-485 transceiver 154 receives a digital message via one of the device communication links 112 and provides the digital message to the second RS-485 transceiver 156, which re-transmits the digital message on the repeater communication link 120 (and vice versa). The RS-485 transceivers 154, 156 each comprise a data input pin DI for receiving the digital message from the other RS-485 transceiver, and a data output pin RO for transmitting the digital message to the other RS-485 transceiver. Each of the RS-485 transceivers 154, 156 further comprises an active-high transmit-enable pin DE, which must be at a “logic one”, i.e., substantially the DC voltage VCC, to enable the RS-485 transceiver to transmit a digital message on the connected communication link. The operation and interactions of the delay circuits 158 and the dual latch circuit 160 are described below in the situation in which the first RS-485 transceiver 154 receives a digital message from one of the device communication links 112 and the second RS-485 transceiver 156 transmits the digital message on the repeater communication link 120. However, the process also works in the reverse direction.
The dual latch circuit 160 is coupled to the data output pin RO of the receiving RS-485 transceiver 154 and the transmit-enable pin DE of the transmitting RS-485 transceiver 156. The dual latch circuit 160 is operable to control when the second RS-485 transceiver 156 is enabled to transmit, in response to the digital message received by the first RS-485 transceiver 154. Preferably, each digital message transmitted comprises a start bit of zero. Thus, whenever the first RS-485 transceiver 154 receives a digital message, the data output pin RO transitions from high-to-low at the beginning of the start bit. The output of the dual latch circuit 160 provided to the transmit-enable pin DI of the second RS-485 transceiver 156 is then pulled high, enabling the second RS-485 transceiver 156 to transmit.
The data output pin RO of the receiving RS-485 transceiver 154 is also coupled to the first delay circuit 158. The delay circuit 158 provides a delayed version of the digital message received from the receiving RS-485 transceiver 154 to the data input pin DI of the transmitting RS-485 transceiver 156. The delay circuit 158 provides, for example, 2-3 μsec of delay to ensure that the transmit-enable pin DE of the transmitting RS-485 transceiver 156 is high before the digital message is provided to the data input pin DI. Preferably, the dual latch circuit 160 maintains the transmit-enable pin DE high for a period of time after the end of the digital message provided to the data input pin DI of the transmitting RS-485 transceiver 156.
An RC-circuit, comprising a resistor R1 and a capacitor C1, is coupled between the DC voltage VCC and circuit common, with the junction of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 coupled to the timing input T1 of the dual latch IC U1. The values of the resistor R1 and the capacitor C1 determine the amount of time after the last high-to-low transition of the negative-edge trigger input B1 until the non-inverting output Q1 is driven low. Preferably, the resistor R1 has a resistance of approximately 44.2 kΩ and the capacitor has a capacitance of approximately 0.01 μF, such that the non-inverting output Q1 is held high for at least one byte-time, e.g., approximately 264 μsec, after the last high-to-low transition of the trigger input B1.
Similarly, the second input IN2 from the data output pin RO of the second RS-485 transceiver 156 is coupled to the second negative-edge trigger input B2 of the dual latch IC U1 and the second non-inverted output Q2 is provided to the transmit-enable pin DE of the first RS-485 transceiver 154 via the second output OUT2. The resistance of a resistor R2 and the capacitance of a capacitor C2 determine the amount of time that second non-inverting output Q2 is maintained high after the last low-to-high transition of the second negative-edge trigger input B2, and preferably have values of 44.2 kΩ and 0.01 μF, respectively. The inverting outputs
Although the present invention has been described in relation to particular embodiments thereof, many other variations and modifications and other uses will become apparent to those skilled in the art. It is preferred, therefore, that the present invention be limited not by the specific disclosure herein, but only by the appended claims.
This application claims priority from commonly-assigned U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 60/874,166, filed Dec. 11, 2006, entitled LOAD CONTROL SYSTEM HAVING A PLURALITY OF REPEATER DEVICES, the entire disclosure of which hereby incorporated by reference.
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