Patent Application
20160364820
This disclosure relates in general to a Student Information System (SIS) configured for automated student scheduling. Scheduling of students is a complicated problem due to the number of possible viable schedules that can be generated as well as the different layers of preference and requirement that a schedule should fulfill.
The difficulties of student scheduling have only become more pronounced as class sizes and the number of offered courses has grown in both traditional, as well as in computerized learning. In light of these problems, further developments in the realm of student scheduling are desired.
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a method of scheduling a student. The method includes receiving a plurality of enrollment requests from a plurality of students with an SIS. In some embodiments, an enrollment request contains data identifying a student and a course. The method can include identifying courses in the data of the plurality of enrollment requests with an SIS, and identifying a natural singleton in the one of the plurality of enrollment requests for one of the plurality students with an SIS. In some embodiments, a natural singleton can be an enrollment request for a course having a single section. The method can include generating a scheduling report identifying the natural singleton and the associated course with an SIS.
In some embodiments, the method can include generating a restriction for the course corresponding to forced singleton. In some embodiments, the restriction can be a reservation. In some embodiments, the method can include identifying a first forced singleton, which forced singleton can be a request for a course having more than one section, but for which attendance is only possible in one section due to the natural singleton or due to another forced singleton. In some embodiments, the scheduling report identifies the first forced singleton and the associated course.
In some embodiments, the method can include generating a restriction for the course corresponding to the first forced singleton. In some embodiments, the restriction can be a reservation. In some embodiments, the method can include pruning sections of requested courses that conflict with one of the natural singleton and the first forced singleton. In some embodiments, the method can include determining if the natural singleton and the first forced singleton create a second forced singleton. In some embodiments, the method can include determining if a class cannot be enrolled due to the student's enrollment in at least one of: the natural singleton, the first forced singleton, and the second forced singleton.
One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for scheduling a student. The system can include memory containing course information identifying at least one available course and at least one section of that at least one available course. The system can include a SIS controllable by computer code to receive a plurality of enrollment requests from a plurality of students, identify courses in the data of the plurality of enrollment requests, identify a natural singleton in the one of the plurality of enrollment requests for one of the plurality students, and generate a scheduling report identifying the natural singleton and the associated course. In some embodiments of the method, an enrollment request contains data identifying a student and a course, and a natural singleton can be an enrollment request for a course having a single section.
In some embodiments, the SIS can generate a restriction for the course corresponding to forced singleton. In some embodiments, the restriction is a reservation. In some embodiments, the SIS can identify a first forced singleton. In some embodiments, the forced singleton comprises a request for a course having more than one section, but for which attendance is only possible in one section due to the natural singleton or due to another forced singleton. In some embodiments, the scheduling report identifies the first forced singleton and the associated course.
In some embodiments, the SIS can generate a restriction for the course corresponding to the first forced singleton. In some embodiments, the restriction is a reservation. In some embodiments, the SIS can prune sections of requested courses that conflict with one of the natural singleton and the first forced singleton. In some embodiments, the SIS can determine if the natural singleton and the first forced singleton create a second forced singleton. In some embodiments, the SIS can determine if a class cannot be enrolled due to the student's enrollment in at least one of: the natural singleton, the first forced singleton, and the second forced singleton.
Further areas of applicability of the present disclosure will become apparent from the detailed description provided hereinafter. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating various embodiments, are intended for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to necessarily limit the scope of the disclosure.
The present disclosure is described in conjunction with the appended figures:
In the appended figures, similar components and/or features may have the same reference label. Where the reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same reference label. Further, various components of the same type may be distinguished by following the reference label by a dash and a second label that distinguishes among the similar components. If only the first reference label is used in the specification, the description is applicable to any one of the similar components having the same first reference label irrespective of the second reference label.
The ensuing description provides illustrative embodiment(s) only and is not intended to limit the scope, applicability or configuration of the disclosure. Rather, the ensuing description of the illustrative embodiment(s) will provide those skilled in the art with an enabling description for implementing a preferred exemplary embodiment. It is understood that various changes can be made in the function and arrangement of elements without departing from the spirit and scope as set forth in the appended claims.
With reference now to
The content distribution network 100 may include one or more content management servers 102. As discussed below in more detail, content management servers 102 may be any desired type of server including, for example, a rack server, a tower server, a miniature server, a blade server, a mini rack server, a mobile server, an ultra-dense server, a super server, or the like, and may include various hardware components, for example, a motherboard, a processing units, memory systems, hard drives, network interfaces, power supplies, etc. Content management server 102 may include one or more server farms, clusters, or any other appropriate arrangement and/or combination or computer servers. Content management server 102 may act according to stored instructions located in a memory subsystem of the server 102, and may run an operating system, including any commercially available server operating system and/or any other operating systems discussed herein.
The content distribution network 100 may include one or more databases servers 104, also referred to herein as databases. The database servers 104 can access data that can be stored on a variety of hardware components. These hardware components can include, for example, components forming tier 0 storage, components forming tier 1 storage, components forming tier 2 storage, and/or any other tier of storage. In some embodiments, tier 0 storage refers to storage that is the fastest tier of storage in the database server 104, and particularly, the tier 0 storage is the fastest storage that is not RAM or cache memory. In some embodiments, the tier 0 memory can be embodied in solid state memory such as, for example, a solid-state drive (SSD) and/or flash memory.
In some embodiments, the tier 1 storage refers to storage that is one or several higher performing systems in the memory management system, and that is relatively slower than tier 0 memory, and relatively faster than other tiers of memory. The tier 1 memory can be one or several hard disks that can be, for example, high-performance hard disks. These hard disks can be one or both of physically or communicatingly connected such as, for example, by one or several fiber channels. In some embodiments, the one or several disks can be arranged into a disk storage system, and specifically can be arranged into an enterprise class disk storage system. The disk storage system can include any desired level of redundancy to protect data stored therein, and in one embodiment, the disk storage system can be made with grid architecture that creates parallelism for uniform allocation of system resources and balanced data distribution.
In some embodiments, the tier 2 storage refers to storage that includes one or several relatively lower performing systems in the memory management system, as compared to the tier 1 and tier 2 storages. Thus, tier 2 memory is relatively slower than tier 1 and tier 0 memories. Tier 2 memory can include one or several SATA-drives or one or several NL-SATA drives.
In some embodiments, the one or several hardware and/or software components of the database server 104 can be arranged into one or several storage area networks (SAN), which one or several storage area networks can be one or several dedicated networks that provide access to data storage, and particularly that provides access to consolidated, block level data storage. A SAN typically has its own network of storage devices that are generally not accessible through the local area network (LAN) by other devices. The SAN allows access to these devices in a manner such that these devices appear to be locally attached to the user device.
Databases 104 may comprise stored data relevant to the functions of the content distribution network 100. Illustrative examples of databases 104 that may be maintained in certain embodiments of the content distribution network 100 are described below in reference to
The content distribution network 100 also may include one or more user devices 106 and/or supervisor devices 110. User devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may display content received via the content distribution network 100, and may support various types of user interactions with the content. In some embodiments, the user devices 106 and the supervisor devices 110 can be configured to access data in, edit data in, retrieve data from, and/or provide data to the content distribution network.
User devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may include mobile devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, personal digital assistants, and wearable computing devices. Such mobile devices may run a variety of mobile operating systems, and may be enabled for Internet, e-mail, short message service (SMS), Bluetooth®, mobile radio-frequency identification (M-RFID), and/or other communication protocols. Other user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may be general purpose personal computers or special-purpose computing devices including, by way of example, personal computers, laptop computers, workstation computers, projection devices, and interactive room display systems. Additionally, user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may be any other electronic devices, such as thin-client computers, Internet-enabled gaming system, business or home appliances, and/or personal messaging devices, capable of communicating over network(s) 120. In some embodiments, the designated role of a device, including a user device 106 or a supervisor device 110 can vary based on the identity of the user using that device. Thus, in some embodiments, both user and supervisor devices 106, 110 can include the same hardware, but can be configured as one of a user device 106 or a supervisor device 110 at the time of log-in by a user to use that device.
In different contexts of content distribution networks 100, user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may correspond to different types of specialized devices, for example, student devices and teacher devices in an educational network, employee devices and presentation devices in a company network, different gaming devices in a gaming network, etc. In some embodiments, user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may operate in the same physical location 107, such as a classroom or conference room. In such cases, the devices may contain components that support direct communications with other nearby devices, such as a wireless transceivers and wireless communications interfaces, Ethernet sockets or other Local Area Network (LAN) interfaces, etc. In other implementations, the user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 need not be used at the same location 107, but may be used in remote geographic locations in which each user device 106 and supervisor device 110 may use security features and/or specialized hardware (e.g., hardware-accelerated SSL and HTTPS, WS-Security, firewalls, etc.) to communicate with the content management server 102 and/or other remotely located user devices 106. Additionally, different user devices 106 and supervisor devices 110 may be assigned different designated roles, such as presenter devices, teacher devices, administrator devices, or the like, and in such cases the different devices may be provided with additional hardware and/or software components to provide content and support user capabilities not available to the other devices.
The content distribution network 100 also may include a privacy server 108 that maintains private user information at the privacy server 108 while using applications or services hosted on other servers. For example, the privacy server 108 may be used to maintain private data of a user within one jurisdiction even though the user is accessing an application hosted on a server (e.g., the content management server 102) located outside the jurisdiction. In such cases, the privacy server 108 may intercept communications between a user device 106 or supervisor device 110 and other devices that include private user information. The privacy server 108 may create a token or identifier that does not disclose the private information and may use the token or identifier when communicating with the other servers and systems, instead of using the user's private information.
As illustrated in
Content server 112 may include hardware and software components to generate, store, and maintain the content resources for distribution to user devices 106 and other devices in the network 100. For example, in content distribution networks 100 used for professional training and educational purposes, content server 112 may include databases of training materials, presentations, interactive programs and simulations, course models, course outlines, and various training interfaces that correspond to different materials and/or different types of user devices 106. In content distribution networks 100 used for media distribution, interactive gaming, and the like, a content server 112 may include media content files such as music, movies, television programming, games, and advertisements.
User data server 114 may include hardware and software components that store and process data for multiple users relating to each user's activities and usage of the content distribution network 100. For example, the content management server 102 may record and track each user's system usage, including their user device 106, content resources accessed, and interactions with other user devices 106. This data may be stored and processed by the user data server 114, to support user tracking and analysis features. For instance, in the professional training and educational contexts, the user data server 114 may store and analyze each user's training materials viewed, presentations attended, courses completed, interactions, evaluation results, and the like. The user data server 114 may also include a repository for user-generated material, such as evaluations and tests completed by users, and documents and assignments prepared by users. In the context of media distribution and interactive gaming, the user data server 114 may store and process resource access data for multiple users (e.g., content titles accessed, access times, data usage amounts, gaming histories, user devices and device types, etc.).
Administrator server 116 may include hardware and software components to initiate various administrative functions at the content management server 102 and other components within the content distribution network 100. For example, the administrator server 116 may monitor device status and performance for the various servers, databases, and/or user devices 106 in the content distribution network 100. When necessary, the administrator server 116 may add or remove devices from the network 100, and perform device maintenance such as providing software updates to the devices in the network 100. Various administrative tools on the administrator server 116 may allow authorized users to set user access permissions to various content resources, monitor resource usage by users and devices 106, and perform analyses and generate reports on specific network users and/or devices (e.g., resource usage tracking reports, training evaluations, etc.).
The content distribution network 100 may include one or more communication networks 120. Although only a single network 120 is identified in
In some embodiments, some of the components of the content distribution network 100 can belong to the content network 122. The content network 122 can include, for example, the content management server 102, the database server 104, the privacy server 108, the content server 112, the user data server 114, the administrator server 116, and/or the communication network 120. The content network 122 can be the source of content distributed by the content distribution network 100, which content can include, for example, one or several documents and/or applications or programs. These documents and/or applications or programs are digital content. In some embodiments, these one or several documents and/or applications or programs can include, for example, one or several webpages, presentations, papers, videos, charts, graphs, books, written work, figures, images, graphics, recordings, applets, scripts, or the like.
With reference to
Client devices 206 may be configured to receive and execute client applications over one or more networks 220. Such client applications may be web browser based applications and/or standalone software applications, such as mobile device applications. Server 202 may be communicatively coupled with the client devices 206 via one or more communication networks 220. Client devices 206 may receive client applications from server 202 or from other application providers (e.g., public or private application stores). Server 202 may be configured to run one or more server software applications or services, for example, web-based or cloud-based services, to support content distribution and interaction with client devices 206. Users operating client devices 206 may in turn utilize one or more client applications (e.g., virtual client applications) to interact with server 202 to utilize the services provided by these components.
Various different subsystems and/or components 204 may be implemented on server 202. Users operating the client devices 206 may initiate one or more client applications to use services provided by these subsystems and components. The subsystems and components within the server 202 and client devices 206 may be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or combinations thereof. Various different system configurations are possible in different distributed computing systems 200 and content distribution networks 100. The embodiment shown in
Although exemplary computing environment 200 is shown with four client computing devices 206, any number of client computing devices may be supported. Other devices, such as specialized sensor devices, etc., may interact with client devices 206 and/or server 202.
As shown in
Security and integration components 208 may implement various security features for data transmission and storage, such as authenticating users and restricting access to unknown or unauthorized users. In various implementations, security and integration components 208 may provide, for example, a file-based integration scheme or a service-based integration scheme for transmitting data between the various devices in the content distribution network 100. Security and integration components 208 also may use secure data transmission protocols and/or encryption for data transfers, for example, File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Secure File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), and/or Pretty Good Privacy (PGP) encryption.
In some embodiments, one or more web services may be implemented within the security and integration components 208 and/or elsewhere within the content distribution network 100. Such web services, including cross-domain and/or cross-platform web services, may be developed for enterprise use in accordance with various web service standards, such as the Web Service Interoperability (WS-I) guidelines. For example, some web services may use the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol to provide secure connections between the server 202 and user devices 206. SSL or TLS may use HTTP or HTTPS to provide authentication and confidentiality. In other examples, web services may be implemented using the WS-Security standard, which provides for secure SOAP messages using XML encryption. In other examples, the security and integration components 208 may include specialized hardware for providing secure web services. For example, security and integration components 208 may include secure network appliances having built-in features such as hardware-accelerated SSL and HTTPS, WS-Security, and firewalls. Such specialized hardware may be installed and configured in front of any web servers, so that any external devices may communicate directly with the specialized hardware.
Communication network(s) 220 may be any type of network familiar to those skilled in the art that can support data communications using any of a variety of commercially-available protocols, including without limitation, TCP/IP (transmission control protocol/Internet protocol), SNA (systems network architecture), IPX (Internet packet exchange), Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) or Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocols, Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and Secure Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTPS), and the like. Merely by way of example, network(s) 220 may be local area networks (LAN), such as one based on Ethernet, Token-Ring and/or the like. Network(s) 220 also may be wide-area networks, such as the Internet. Networks 220 may include telecommunication networks such as a public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), or virtual networks such as an intranet or an extranet Infrared and wireless networks (e.g., using the Institute of Electrical and Electronics (IEEE) 802.11 protocol suite or other wireless protocols) also may be included in networks 220.
Computing environment 200 also may include one or more databases 210 and/or back-end servers 212. In certain examples, the databases 210 may correspond to database server(s) 104, the local data server 109, and/or the customizer data server 128 discussed above in
With reference to
The paragraphs below describe examples of specific databases that may be implemented within some embodiments of a content distribution network 100. It should be understood that the below descriptions of databases 301-310, including their functionality and types of data stored therein, are illustrative and non-limiting. Database server architecture, design, and the execution of specific databases 301-310 may depend on the context, size, and functional requirements of a content distribution network 100. For example, in content distribution systems 100 used for professional training and educational purposes, separate databases may be implemented in database server(s) 104 to store trainee and/or student data, trainer and/or professor data, training module data and content descriptions, training results, evaluation data, and the like. In contrast, in content distribution systems 100 used for media distribution from content providers to subscribers, separate databases may be implemented in database server(s) 104 to store listing of available content titles and descriptions, content title usage statistics, subscriber profiles, account data, payment data, network usage statistics, etc.
A user profile database 301 may include information relating to the end users within the content distribution network 100. Generally speaking the user profile database 301 can be a database having restrictions on access, which restrictions can relate to whether one or several users or categories of users are enabled to perform one or several actions on the database or on data stored in the database. In some embodiments, the user profile database 301 can include any information for which access is restricted. This information may include user characteristics such as the user names, access credentials (e.g., logins and passwords), user preferences, and information relating to any previous user interactions within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., requested content, posted content, content modules completed, training scores or evaluations, other associated users, etc.). In some embodiments, this information can relate to one or several individual end users such as, for example, one or several students, teachers, administrators, or the like, and in some embodiments, this information can relate to one or several institutional end users such as, for example, one or several schools, groups of schools such as one or several school districts, one or several colleges, one or several universities, one or several training providers, or the like.
In some embodiments, the user profile database 301 can include information relating to a categorization of one or several users, and specifically relating to an access categorization of one or several users. In some embodiments, these categorizations of the one or several users can be relevant to the type or data that the user is allowed to access and/or the degree to which the user can access, edit, retrieve, and/or provide data. These classifications can relate to the level of responsibility of the user so that the user is able to access all data useful to their responsibility. In some embodiments, this data can include personal information collected from one or several individuals such as students, employees, patients, or the like. In embodiments in which this data relates to one or several students associated with the content distribution network 100, these one or several students can be, for example, one or several students taking classes via an institutional user of the content distribution network. In some embodiments, these categories can include, for example, a trusted entity, a first tier administrator, a second tier administrator, a third tier administrator, an instructor, a guardian, and/or a student.
In some embodiments, the trusted entity is allowed to access all data contained within the content distribution network 100, and the first tier administrator is able to access data contained within the content distribution network 100 relating to a first tier describing a largest level of a political entity such as, for example, a school district, a university, a healthcare network, or the like. In some embodiments, the second tier administrator is able to access a subset of the data contained within the content distribution network 100 relating to the first tier, alternatively described as all of the data relating to the second tier describing a sub-level of the political entity such as a school within a school district, a college within a university, a healthcare service provider such as, for example, a clinic or a hospital, in the healthcare network, or the like. In some embodiments, the third tier administrator is able to access a subset of the data contained within the content distribution network 100 relating to the second tier, alternatively described as all of the data relating to the third tier describing a sub-level of the sub-level political entity such as, for example, a department within a school or a college, a group within a healthcare service provider, or the like. In some embodiments, the instructor can be, for example, a healthcare provider such as a doctor or a nurse, a teacher, or the like. The instructor can have access to data relating to, for example, courses or sections taught by the teacher, or patients of the healthcare provider. In some embodiments, the guardian can be an individual with legal responsibility for one or several students or patients and can thus have access to data relating to those one or several students or patients. In some embodiments, the student can be a patient or a student in a course, and can have access to their own information.
In some embodiments in which the one or several end users are individuals, and specifically are students, the user profile database 301 can further include information relating to these students' academic and/or educational history. This information can identify one or several courses of study that the student has initiated, completed, and/or partially completed, as well as grades received in those courses of study. In some embodiments, the student's academic and/or educational history can further include information identifying student performance on one or several tests, quizzes, and/or assignments. In some embodiments, this information can be stored in a tier of memory that is not the fastest memory in the content distribution network 100.
The user profile database 301 can include information relating to one or several student learning preferences. In some embodiments, for example, the student may have one or several preferred learning styles, one or several most effective learning styles, and/or the like. In some embodiments, the students learning style can be any learning style describing how the student best learns or how the student prefers to learn. In one embodiment, these learning styles can include, for example, identification of the student as an auditory learner, as a visual learner, and/or as a tactile learner. In some embodiments, the data identifying one or several student learning styles can include data identifying a learning style based on the student's educational history such as, for example, identifying a student as an auditory learner when the student has received significantly higher grades and/or scores on assignments and/or in courses favorable to auditory learners. In some embodiments, this information can be stored in a tier of memory that is not the fastest memory in the content distribution network 100.
The user profile database 301 can further include information relating to one or several teachers and/or instructors who are responsible for organizing, presenting, and/or managing the presentation of information to the student. In some embodiments, user profile database 301 can include information identifying courses and/or subjects that have been taught by the teacher, data identifying courses and/or subjects currently taught by the teacher, and/or data identifying courses and/or subjects that will be taught by the teacher. In some embodiments, the user profile database 301 can further include information indicating past evaluations and/or evaluation reports received by the teacher. In some embodiments, the user profile database 301 can further include information relating to improvement suggestions received by the teacher, training received by the teacher, continuing education received by the teacher, and/or the like. In some embodiments, this information can be stored in a tier of memory that is not the fastest memory in the content distribution network 100.
An accounts database 302 may generate and store account data for different users in various roles within the content distribution network 100. For example, accounts may be created in an accounts database 302 for individual end users, supervisors, administrator users, and entities such as companies or educational institutions. Account data may include account types, current account status, account characteristics, and any parameters, limits, restrictions associated with the accounts.
A content library database 303 may include information describing the individual content items (or content resources) available via the content distribution network 100. In some embodiments, the library database 303 may include metadata, properties, and other characteristics associated with the content resources stored in the content server 112. In some embodiments, this data can include the one or several items that can include one or several documents and/or one or several applications or programs. In some embodiments, the one or several items can include, for example, one or several webpages, presentations, papers, videos, charts, graphs, books, written work, figures, images, graphics, recordings, or any other document, or any desired software or application or component thereof including, for example, a graphical user interface (GUI), all or portions of a Learning Management System (LMS), all or portions of a Content Management System (CMS), all or portions of a Student Information Systems (SIS), or the like.
In some embodiments, the data in the content library database 303 may identify one or more aspects or content attributes of the associated content resources, for example, subject matter, access level, or skill level of the content resources, license attributes of the content resources (e.g., any limitations and/or restrictions on the licensable use and/or distribution of the content resource), price attributes of the content resources (e.g., a price and/or price structure for determining a payment amount for use or distribution of the content resource), rating attributes for the content resources (e.g., data indicating the evaluation or effectiveness of the content resource), and the like. In some embodiments, the library database 303 may be configured to allow updating of content metadata or properties, and to allow the addition and/or removal of information relating to the content resources. In some embodiments, the content library database 303 can be organized such that content is associated with one or several courses and/or programs in which the content is used and/or provided. In some embodiments, the content library database 303 can further include one or several teaching materials used in the course, a syllabus, one or several practice problems, one or several tests, one or several quizzes, one or several assignments, or the like. All or portions of the content library database can be stored in a tier of memory that is not the fastest memory in the content distribution network 100.
A pricing database 304 may include pricing information and/or pricing structures for determining payment amounts for providing access to the content distribution network 100 and/or the individual content resources within the network 100. In some cases, pricing may be determined based on a user's access to the content distribution network 100, for example, a time-based subscription fee, or pricing based on network usage and. In other cases, pricing may be tied to specific content resources. Certain content resources may have associated pricing information, whereas other pricing determinations may be based on the resources accessed, the profiles and/or accounts of the users and the desired level of access (e.g., duration of access, network speed, etc.). Additionally, the pricing database 304 may include information relating to compilation pricing for groups of content resources, such as group prices and/or price structures for groupings of resources.
A license database 305 may include information relating to licenses and/or licensing of the content resources within the content distribution network 100. For example, the license database 305 may identify licenses and licensing terms for individual content resources and/or compilations of content resources in the content server 112, the rights holders for the content resources, and/or common or large-scale right holder information such as contact information for rights holders of content not included in the content server 112.
A content access database 306 may include access rights and security information for the content distribution network 100 and specific content resources. For example, the content access database 306 may include login information (e.g., user identifiers, logins, passwords, etc.) that can be verified during user login attempts to the network 100. The content access database 306 also may be used to store assigned roles and/or levels of access to users. For example, a user's access level may correspond to the sets of content resources and/or the client or server applications that the user is permitted to access. Certain users may be permitted or denied access to certain applications and resources based on their subscription level, training program, course/grade level, etc. Certain users may have supervisory access over one or more end users, allowing the supervisor to access all or portions of the end user's content, activities, evaluations, etc. Additionally, certain users may have administrative access over some users and/or some applications in the content management network 100, allowing such users to add and remove user accounts, modify user access permissions, perform maintenance updates on software and servers, etc.
A request database 307 can include information relating to one or several requests, also referred to herein as enrollment requests, and received from one or several users of the content distribution network. These one or several requests can include information specifying one or several courses, including in some embodiments, one or several sections of one or several courses, in which the student would like to be enrolled, one or several priorities for the one or several courses or one or several sections, one or several alternate courses or alternate sections, or the like. These requests can be received from the students via, for example, the user device 106.
A course database 308 can include information identifying one or several courses. This information can include, for example, information identifying the subject matter of one or several courses, one or several sections of the one or several courses, instructors for the one or several sections, time/date/location for the one or several sections, or the like. In some embodiments a section, also referred to herein as a course section, can be a specific instance of a course offered during a specific term.
A scheduling database 309 can include data relating to one or several student schedules. In some embodiments, these one or several schedules can include, for example, one or several provisional schedules, one or several alternate schedule, one or several final schedules, or the like. In some embodiments, the one or several provisional schedules also referred to herein as temporary schedules or running schedules, can identify potential schedules for one or several students, which potential schedules have not yet been finalized. In some embodiments, the one or several alternate schedules can include one or several schedule variations for a single student, which schedule variations are each a provisional schedule. In some embodiments, a final schedule can be a schedule for which enrollment has been finalized.
In some embodiments, the scheduling database can include information that identifies the number of requests received for some or all of the sections of some or all of the courses, that track the number students placed in one or several sections, or the like.
In addition to the illustrative databases described above, database server(s) 104 may include one or more external data aggregators 310. External data aggregators 310 may include third-party data sources accessible to the content management network 100, but not maintained by the content management network 100. External data aggregators 310 may include any electronic information source relating to the users, content resources, or applications of the content distribution network 100. For example, external data aggregators 310 may be third-party databases containing demographic data, education related data, consumer sales data, health related data, and the like. Illustrative external data aggregators 310 may include, for example, social networking web servers, public records databases, learning management systems, educational institution servers, business servers, consumer sales databases, medical record databases, etc. Data retrieved from various external data aggregators 310 may be used to verify and update user account information, suggest user content, and perform user and content evaluations.
With reference now to
A content management server 102 may include a content customization system 402. The content customization system 402 may be implemented using dedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., a content customization server 402), or using designated hardware and software resources within a shared content management server 102. In some embodiments, the content customization system 402 may adjust the selection and adaptive capabilities of content resources to match the needs and desires of the users receiving the content. For example, the content customization system 402 may query various databases and servers 104 to retrieve user information, such as user preferences and characteristics (e.g., from a user profile database 301), user access restrictions to content recourses (e.g., from a content access database 306), and the like. Based on the retrieved information from databases 104 and other data sources, the content customization system 402 may modify content resources for individual users.
A content management server 102 also may include a user management system 404. The user management system 404 may be implemented using dedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., a user management server 404), or using designated hardware and software resources within a shared content management server 102. In some embodiments, the user management system 404 may monitor the progress of users through various types of content resources and groups, such as media compilations, courses or curriculums in training or educational contexts, interactive gaming environments, and the like. For example, the user management system 404 may query one or more databases and servers 104 to retrieve user data such as associated content compilations or programs, content completion status, user goals, results, and the like.
A content management server 102 also may include an evaluation system 406. The evaluation system 406 may be implemented using dedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., an evaluation server 406), or using designated hardware and software resources within a shared content management server 102. The evaluation system 406 may be configured to receive and analyze information from user devices 106 via, for example, the end-user server 107. For example, various ratings of content resources submitted by users may be compiled and analyzed, and then stored in a database (e.g., a content library database 303 and/or evaluation database 308) associated with the content. In some embodiments, the evaluation server 406 may analyze the information to determine the effectiveness or appropriateness of content resources with, for example, a subject matter, an age group, a skill level, or the like. In some embodiments, the evaluation system 406 may provide updates to the content customization system 402 or the user management system 404, with the attributes of one or more content resources or groups of resources within the network 100. The evaluation system 406 also may receive and analyze user evaluation data from user devices 106, supervisor devices 110, and administrator servers 116, etc. For instance, evaluation system 406 may receive, aggregate, and analyze user evaluation data for different types of users (e.g., end users, supervisors, administrators, etc.) in different contexts (e.g., media consumer ratings, trainee or student comprehension levels, teacher effectiveness levels, gamer skill levels, etc.).
A content management server 102 also may include a content delivery system 408. The content delivery system 408 may be implemented using dedicated hardware within the content distribution network 100 (e.g., a content delivery server 408), or using designated hardware and software resources within a shared content management server 102. The content delivery system 408 may receive content resources from the content customization system 402 and/or from the user management system 404, and provide the resources to user devices 106. The content delivery system 408 may determine the appropriate presentation format for the content resources based on the user characteristics and preferences, and/or the device capabilities of user devices 106. If needed, the content delivery system 408 may convert the content resources to the appropriate presentation format and/or compress the content before transmission. In some embodiments, the content delivery system 408 may also determine the appropriate transmission media and communication protocols for transmission of the content resources.
In some embodiments, the content delivery system 408 may include specialized security and integration hardware 410, along with corresponding software components to implement the appropriate security features content transmission and storage, to provide the supported network and client access models, and to support the performance and scalability requirements of the network 100. The security and integration layer 410 may include some or all of the security and integration components 208 discussed above in
With reference now to
Bus subsystem 502 provides a mechanism for letting the various components and subsystems of computer system 500 communicate with each other as intended. Although bus subsystem 502 is shown schematically as a single bus, alternative embodiments of the bus subsystem may utilize multiple buses. Bus subsystem 502 may be any of several types of bus structures including a memory bus or memory controller, a peripheral bus, and a local bus using any of a variety of bus architectures. Such architectures may include, for example, an Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Micro Channel Architecture (MCA) bus, Enhanced ISA (EISA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association (VESA) local bus, and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, which can be implemented as a Mezzanine bus manufactured to the IEEE P1386.1 standard.
Processing unit 504, which may be implemented as one or more integrated circuits (e.g., a conventional microprocessor or microcontroller), controls the operation of computer system 500. One or more processors, including single core and/or multicore processors, may be included in processing unit 504. As shown in the figure, processing unit 504 may be implemented as one or more independent processing units 506 and/or 508 with single or multicore processors and processor caches included in each processing unit. In other embodiments, processing unit 504 may also be implemented as a quad-core processing unit or larger multicore designs (e.g., hexa-core processors, octo-core processors, ten-core processors, or greater.
Processing unit 504 may execute a variety of software processes embodied in program code, and may maintain multiple concurrently executing programs or processes. At any given time, some or all of the program code to be executed can be resident in processor(s) 504 and/or in storage subsystem 510. In some embodiments, computer system 500 may include one or more specialized processors, such as digital signal processors (DSPs), outboard processors, graphics processors, application-specific processors, and/or the like.
I/O subsystem 526 may include device controllers 528 for one or more user interface input devices and/or user interface output devices 530. User interface input and output devices 530 may be integral with the computer system 500 (e.g., integrated audio/video systems, and/or touchscreen displays), or may be separate peripheral devices which are attachable/detachable from the computer system 500.
Input devices 530 may include a keyboard, pointing devices such as a mouse or trackball, a touchpad or touch screen incorporated into a display, a scroll wheel, a click wheel, a dial, a button, a switch, a keypad, audio input devices with voice command recognition systems, microphones, and other types of input devices. Input devices 530 may also include three dimensional (3D) mice, joysticks or pointing sticks, gamepads and graphic tablets, and audio/visual devices such as speakers, digital cameras, digital camcorders, portable media players, webcams, image scanners, fingerprint scanners, barcode reader 3D scanners, 3D printers, laser rangefinders, and eye gaze tracking devices. Additional input devices 530 may include, for example, motion sensing and/or gesture recognition devices that enable users to control and interact with an input device through a natural user interface using gestures and spoken commands, eye gesture recognition devices that detect eye activity from users and transform the eye gestures as input into an input device, voice recognition sensing devices that enable users to interact with voice recognition systems through voice commands, medical imaging input devices, MIDI keyboards, digital musical instruments, and the like.
Output devices 530 may include one or more display subsystems, indicator lights, or non-visual displays such as audio output devices, etc. Display subsystems may include, for example, cathode ray tube (CRT) displays, flat-panel devices, such as those using a liquid crystal display (LCD) or plasma display, projection devices, touch screens, and the like. In general, use of the term “output device” is intended to include all possible types of devices and mechanisms for outputting information from computer system 500 to a user or other computer. For example, output devices 530 may include, without limitation, a variety of display devices that visually convey text, graphics and audio/video information such as monitors, printers, speakers, headphones, automotive navigation systems, plotters, voice output devices, and modems.
Computer system 500 may comprise one or more storage subsystems 510, comprising hardware and software components used for storing data and program instructions, such as system memory 518 and computer-readable storage media 516. The system memory 518 and/or computer-readable storage media 516 may store program instructions that are loadable and executable on processing units 504, as well as data generated during the execution of these programs.
Depending on the configuration and type of computer system 500, system memory 318 may be stored in volatile memory (such as random access memory (RAM) 512) and/or in non-volatile storage drives 514 (such as read-only memory (ROM), flash memory, etc.) The RAM 512 may contain data and/or program modules that are immediately accessible to and/or presently being operated and executed by processing units 504. In some implementations, system memory 518 may include multiple different types of memory, such as static random access memory (SRAM) or dynamic random access memory (DRAM). In some implementations, a basic input/output system (BIOS), containing the basic routines that help to transfer information between elements within computer system 500, such as during start-up, may typically be stored in the non-volatile storage drives 514. By way of example, and not limitation, system memory 518 may include application programs 520, such as client applications, Web browsers, mid-tier applications, server applications, etc., program data 522, and an operating system 524.
Storage subsystem 510 also may provide one or more tangible computer-readable storage media 516 for storing the basic programming and data constructs that provide the functionality of some embodiments. Software (programs, code modules, instructions) that when executed by a processor provide the functionality described herein may be stored in storage subsystem 510. These software modules or instructions may be executed by processing units 504. Storage subsystem 510 may also provide a repository for storing data used in accordance with the present invention.
Storage subsystem 300 may also include a computer-readable storage media reader that can further be connected to computer-readable storage media 516. Together and, optionally, in combination with system memory 518, computer-readable storage media 516 may comprehensively represent remote, local, fixed, and/or removable storage devices plus storage media for temporarily and/or more permanently containing, storing, transmitting, and retrieving computer-readable information.
Computer-readable storage media 516 containing program code, or portions of program code, may include any appropriate media known or used in the art, including storage media and communication media, such as but not limited to, volatile and non-volatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage and/or transmission of information. This can include tangible computer-readable storage media such as RAM, ROM, electronically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disk (DVD), or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or other tangible computer readable media. This can also include nontangible computer-readable media, such as data signals, data transmissions, or any other medium which can be used to transmit the desired information and which can be accessed by computer system 500.
By way of example, computer-readable storage media 516 may include a hard disk drive that reads from or writes to non-removable, nonvolatile magnetic media, a magnetic disk drive that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile magnetic disk, and an optical disk drive that reads from or writes to a removable, nonvolatile optical disk such as a CD ROM, DVD, and Blu-Ray® disk, or other optical media. Computer-readable storage media 516 may include, but is not limited to, Zip® drives, flash memory cards, universal serial bus (USB) flash drives, secure digital (SD) cards, DVD disks, digital video tape, and the like. Computer-readable storage media 516 may also include, solid-state drives (SSD) based on non-volatile memory such as flash-memory based SSDs, enterprise flash drives, solid state ROM, and the like, SSDs based on volatile memory such as solid state RAM, dynamic RAM, static RAM, DRAM-based SSDs, magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) SSDs, and hybrid SSDs that use a combination of DRAM and flash memory based SSDs. The disk drives and their associated computer-readable media may provide non-volatile storage of computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, and other data for computer system 500.
Communications subsystem 532 may provide a communication interface from computer system 500 and external computing devices via one or more communication networks, including local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs) (e.g., the Internet), and various wireless telecommunications networks. As illustrated in
The various physical components of the communications subsystem 532 may be detachable components coupled to the computer system 500 via a computer network, a FireWire® bus, or the like, and/or may be physically integrated onto a motherboard of the computer system 500. Communications subsystem 532 also may be implemented in whole or in part by software.
In some embodiments, communications subsystem 532 may also receive input communication in the form of structured and/or unstructured data feeds, event streams, event updates, and the like, on behalf of one or more users who may use or access computer system 500. For example, communications subsystem 532 may be configured to receive data feeds in real-time from users of social networks and/or other communication services, web feeds such as Rich Site Summary (RSS) feeds, and/or real-time updates from one or more third party information sources (e.g., data aggregators 310). Additionally, communications subsystem 532 may be configured to receive data in the form of continuous data streams, which may include event streams of real-time events and/or event updates (e.g., sensor data applications, financial tickers, network performance measuring tools, clickstream analysis tools, automobile traffic monitoring, etc.). Communications subsystem 532 may output such structured and/or unstructured data feeds, event streams, event updates, and the like to one or more databases 104 that may be in communication with one or more streaming data source computers coupled to computer system 500.
Due to the ever-changing nature of computers and networks, the description of computer system 500 depicted in the figure is intended only as a specific example. Many other configurations having more or fewer components than the system depicted in the figure are possible. For example, customized hardware might also be used and/or particular elements might be implemented in hardware, firmware, software, or a combination. Further, connection to other computing devices, such as network input/output devices, may be employed. Based on the disclosure and teachings provided herein, a person of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate other ways and/or methods to implement the various embodiments.
With reference now to
The process 600 begins at block 602, wherein one or several enrollment requests are received. In some embodiments, the one or several enrollment requests can be received from one or several students via one or several user devices. After the enrollment requests have been received, the process 600 proceeds to block 604, wherein a request is selected. In some embodiments, the request can be selected from the group of received enrollment requests. After the request has been selected, the process 600 proceeds to block 606, wherein the number of offered courses and/or the number of offered sections is identified. In some embodiments, this identification can be performed by retrieving information relating to courses from the course database 308.
After the number of sections has been identified, the process 600 proceeds to decision state 608, wherein it is determined if there is an additional request. In some embodiments, this can include determining whether there is an additional request associated with the same student who was the source of the request selected in block 604. If there is an additional request, then the process 600 returns to block 604 and proceeds as outlined above. If there is no additional request, then the process 600 proceeds to block 610, wherein the requests are ranked. In some embodiments, this can include ranking all of the requests for a student based on priority information received from, for example, the student, a parent, a counselor, a teacher, or the like. In some embodiments, this priority information can be based on, for example, one or several education requirement such as, for example, one or several graduation requirements.
After the requests have been ranked, the process 600 proceeds to block 612 wherein any natural singletons are identified. In some embodiments, this can include determining whether the student requested enrollment in any course having a single section. After any natural singleton's have been generated, the process 600 proceeds to block 614, wherein one or several solutions, also referred to herein as one or several provisional schedules and/or one or several alternate schedules is generated. In some embodiments, the solution can be generated by inserting the identified natural singletons as indicated in block 616.
After the natural singletons have been inserted, the process 600 proceeds to block 618, wherein incompatible enrollments are pruned. In some embodiments, this can include identifying one or several requested courses and/or one or several requested sections and identifying sections and/or courses in which the student cannot be enrolled due to his enrollment in the one or several natural singletons. After the incompatible enrollments have been pruned, the process 600 proceeds to block 620, wherein any forced singletons are identified and/or stored. In some embodiments, these forced singletons can be identified via reference to data identifying incompatible pruned enrollments or alternatively, data identifying the remaining potential, compatible enrollments.
After the forced singletons have been identified and/or stored, the process 600 proceeds to block 622, wherein a forced singleton is selected. In some embodiments, this forced singleton can be selected based on, for example, the priority information received from, for example, the student, the parent, the counselor, the teacher, or the like. In some embodiments, this priority information can be based on, for example, one or several education requirement such as, for example, one or several graduation requirements. After the forced singleton has been selected, the process 600 proceeds to block 624, wherein the forced singleton is inserted into one or several of the generated solutions. The insertion of the forced singleton into the one or several of the generated solutions can create further incompatible enrollments, which can be subsequently pruned. After the forced singleton has been inserted into the generated solution, the process 600 proceeds to block 626, wherein the remaining requests are evaluated. After the remaining requests have been evaluated, the process 600 proceeds to decision state 628, wherein it is determined if there is a new forced singleton (FS) created by the insertion of the forced singleton into the one or several of the generated solutions and any subsequent pruning. If there is a new forced singleton, then the forced singleton is stored as indicated in block 630.
After the forced singleton is stored, or alternatively, if there is no new forced singleton, then the process 600 proceeds to decision state 632, wherein it is determined if any of the requested enrollments are impossible in that they cannot be scheduled with higher ranking priorities. In such an embodiment, for example, each of the sections of the course that is impossible to schedule may meet at the same time as one or several singletons.
If a course is identified that is impossible to schedule, then this course is stored in block 634. After the impossible course has been stored, or alternatively, if it is determined that no courses are impossible to schedule, the process 600 proceeds to decision state 636, wherein it is determine if there is an as yet unscheduled forced singleton. If there is an as yet unscheduled forced singleton, also referred to herein as an additional forced singleton, then the process 600 returns to block 622 and proceeds as outlined above.
If it is determined that there is no additional forced singleton, then the process 600 proceeds to block 638, wherein a scheduling report is generated for the one or several generated provisional schedules for the student. One example of the scheduling report is shown in
After the restrictions have been generated, the process 600 proceeds to block 642, wherein the restriction information is stored. This information can be stored in one of the databases 104 such as, for example, the scheduling database 309.
With reference now to
With reference now to
After the reservation information has been received, the process 800 proceeds to block 806, wherein maximum enrollment information is received. The maximum enrollment information can identify the maximum number of students that can be placed in a section. This enrollment information can be received from the course database 308. After the maximum enrollment information has been received, the process 800 proceeds to block 810, wherein the difference between the number students enrolled in the section plus the number of reserved slots in the section, and the maximum enrollment for the section is determined.
After the difference has been determined, the process 800 proceeds to block 812, wherein an enrollment request is received. This enrollment request can be an indication of a student being enrolled in a section. After the enrollment request has been received, the process 800 proceeds to decision state 814, wherein it is determined if there is space available in the section for the student requesting enrollment. In some embodiments, this determination can include determining whether the maximum number of enrollments allowed in the section is greater than the number of current enrollees plus the number of reserved spots.
If it is determined that there is not space available in the section, then the process 800 proceeds to block 816, wherein the number of excess seats is determined. In some embodiments, the number of excess seats is the number of people in a section more than the maximum allowed number of enrollees. After the number of excess seats has been determined, the process 800 proceeds to block 818, wherein an enrollment cost is determined. In some embodiments, the enrollment cost can comprise one or several value indicative of the undesirability of enrolling a student in this section. In some embodiments, the enrollment cost can vary based on the number of seats in excess of the maximum enrollment.
After the enrollment cost has been determined, the process 800 proceeds to block 820, wherein the enrollment cost is outputted. In some embodiments, the enrollment cost can be provided to other components of the content distribution network 100 that can affect a change in the provisional schedule of the student.
Returning again to decision state 814, if it is determined that there is space available, then process 800 proceeds to decision state 822, wherein it is determined if there are multiple available sections for the given request. If there are multiple available sections, then the process 80 proceeds to block 824, wherein a reservation score is generated. In some embodiments, the reservation score can be a value indicative of the detrimental effect of enrolling more than the maximum number of enrollees. After the reservation score has been generated, the process 800 proceeds to block 826, wherein a section is selected, and then proceeds to block 828, wherein the student is enrolled in the desired and/or requested section. In some embodiments, and after the student has enrolled, the process 800 returns to block 810 and proceeds as outlined above.
With reference now to
After receiving the partial solution, also referred to herein as the provisional solution, the process 900 proceeds to block 904, wherein solvable future requests are received. In some embodiments, these can be the requests that are not impossible to schedule. After the solvable future requests have been received, the process 900 proceeds to block 906, wherein unsolvable future requests are identified and stored.
After the unsolvable requests have been received, the process 900 proceeds to block 908, wherein a solution space is generated. In some embodiments, the solution space can encompass all of the alternative schedules. In some embodiments, this determination of the solution space can include determining the flexibility of the student, which flexibility can identify the degree to which the student's schedule can be changed. After the solution space has been determined, the process 900 proceeds to block 910, wherein the user load priority is received. In some embodiments, the user load priority can specify a desired order in which students are allowed to schedule their classes. In some embodiments, this priority can be such to allow seniors to register for classes before freshman. However, this priority can reflect any desired order of student scheduling.
After the load priority has been received, the process 900 proceeds to block 912, wherein students who are impossible to schedule are identified. In some embodiments, a student can be impossible to schedule when they do not request an adequate number of courses and/or sections to fill their schedule, or when they request more sections than can fit in a schedule. This impossibility can arise, in some embodiments, when the student requests enrollment in too small or too large a number of courses or sections, and in some embodiments, this impossibility can arise when, due to conflicts between requested courses and/or sections, the student's schedule cannot be filled.
After the impossibility has been identified, the process 900 proceeds to block 914, wherein priority groups are set. In some embodiments, priority groups can divide students into cohorts such as, for example, freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors. In some embodiments, priority within these priority groups can be established. This priority can favor prioritizing students with an inflexible schedule over students with a flexible schedule, and/or in some embodiments, this priority can favor students who can be scheduled versus student who are impossible to schedule.
With reference now to
After the enrollment information has been received, the process 1000 proceeds to decision state 1006, wherein it is determined is a space is available in the section. In some embodiments, this determination can include comparing the number of enrolled students in the section to the maximum number of allowable enrollees in the section, and determining if the number of enrolled students is greater than, less than, or equal to the maximum number. If it is determined that a space is available in the section, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1008, wherein the student is enrolled in the section and wherein the enrollment information for that section is updated.
Returning again to decision state 1006, if it is determined that there is no spot available in the requested section, then the process 1000 proceeds to decision state 1010, wherein it is determined if there is a pre-existing reload plan. In some embodiments, the reload plan can include information relating to one or several students enrolled in a section. This information can identify whether these one or several students can be enrolled in another, comparable section, or if these one or several students cannot be enrolled in another comparable section. If a reload plan is identified, then the process 1000 proceeds to decision state 1012, wherein it is determined if the reload plan is validated. In some embodiments, the reload plan can be validated by verifying whether students indicated as able to be enrolled in another section retain that ability.
If the reloading plan is not validated, or, returning again to decision state 1010, if it is determined that no reload plan is available, the process 1000 proceeds to block 1014, wherein it is determined if there are students in the section who are reloadable, or in other words, if there are student in the section who are able to be enrolled in another, equivalent section. If no reloadable students are identified, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1016, wherein the section as marked as full, and then proceeds to block 1022, wherein the requesting student is enrolled in an alternate course and/or section.
Returning again to decision state 1014, if it is determined that there are reloadable students, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1018, wherein a reload plan is created which identifies students who are able to be enrolled in another, equivalent section. In some embodiments, determining whether a student is reloadable can further include determining whether his reloaded schedule would fulfill measures of quality to the same degree as his current schedule. Once the reload plan has been created, or returning again to block 1012, after the reload plan has been validated, the process 1000 proceeds to decision state 1020, wherein it is determined if there is an alternate schedule for the requesting student. In some embodiments, an alternate schedule can be another set of courses and/or sections that the requesting student could be enrolled in, and which provides an outcome of equal quality as would be achieved by enrolling the requesting student in the requested section. If an alternate schedule is identified, then the process 1000 proceeds to block 1022 wherein the requesting student is enrolled in the alternate course and/or section. Returning again to decision state 1020, if it is determined that there is not an alternate schedule, the process 100 proceeds to block 1024, wherein the reload plan is implemented and one of the students who is able to be enrolled in another, equivalent section is enrolled in that other, equivalent section along with other necessary changes to their schedule, and the requesting student is enrolled in the requested section.
A number of variations and modifications of the disclosed embodiments can also be used. Specific details are given in the above description to provide a thorough understanding of the embodiments. However, it is understood that the embodiments may be practiced without these specific details. For example, well-known circuits, processes, algorithms, structures, and techniques may be shown without unnecessary detail in order to avoid obscuring the embodiments.
Implementation of the techniques, blocks, steps and means described above may be done in various ways. For example, these techniques, blocks, steps and means may be implemented in hardware, software, or a combination thereof. For a hardware implementation, the processing units may be implemented within one or more application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), digital signal processors (DSPs), digital signal processing devices (DSPDs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), processors, controllers, micro-controllers, microprocessors, other electronic units designed to perform the functions described above, and/or a combination thereof.
Also, it is noted that the embodiments may be described as a process which is depicted as a flowchart, a flow diagram, a swim diagram, a data flow diagram, a structure diagram, or a block diagram. Although a depiction may describe the operations as a sequential process, many of the operations can be performed in parallel or concurrently. In addition, the order of the operations may be re-arranged. A process is terminated when its operations are completed, but could have additional steps not included in the figure. A process may correspond to a method, a function, a procedure, a subroutine, a subprogram, etc. When a process corresponds to a function, its termination corresponds to a return of the function to the calling function or the main function.
Furthermore, embodiments may be implemented by hardware, software, scripting languages, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description languages, and/or any combination thereof. When implemented in software, firmware, middleware, scripting language, and/or microcode, the program code or code segments to perform the necessary tasks may be stored in a machine-readable medium such as a storage medium. A code segment or machine-executable instruction may represent a procedure, a function, a subprogram, a program, a routine, a subroutine, a module, a software package, a script, a class, or any combination of instructions, data structures, and/or program statements. A code segment may be coupled to another code segment or a hardware circuit by passing and/or receiving information, data, arguments, parameters, and/or memory contents. Information, arguments, parameters, data, etc. may be passed, forwarded, or transmitted via any suitable means including memory sharing, message passing, token passing, network transmission, etc.
For a firmware and/or software implementation, the methodologies may be implemented with modules (e.g., procedures, functions, and so on) that perform the functions described herein. Any machine-readable medium tangibly embodying instructions may be used in implementing the methodologies described herein. For example, software codes may be stored in a memory. Memory may be implemented within the processor or external to the processor. As used herein the term “memory” refers to any type of long term, short term, volatile, nonvolatile, or other storage medium and is not to be limited to any particular type of memory or number of memories, or type of media upon which memory is stored.
Moreover, as disclosed herein, the term “storage medium” may represent one or more memories for storing data, including read only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), magnetic RAM, core memory, magnetic disk storage mediums, optical storage mediums, flash memory devices and/or other machine-readable mediums for storing information. The term “machine-readable medium” includes, but is not limited to portable or fixed storage devices, optical storage devices, and/or various other storage mediums capable of storing that contain or carry instruction(s) and/or data.
While the principles of the disclosure have been described above in connection with specific apparatuses and methods, it is to be clearly understood that this description is made only by way of example and not as limitation on the scope of the disclosure.
