Patent Grant
9932045
Technical Field
Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to a shuttle platform that actuates from a first position to a second position to facilitate loading a light rail transit vehicle on a shared track rail system.
Discussion of Art
Shared track rail systems are used by freight rail vehicles that transport non-human cargo and light rail transit vehicles transport passengers. Based on the various types of rail vehicles that are used by the freight rail vehicles and the light rail transit vehicles, regulations exist for shared track rail systems compared to rail systems that are exclusive to one of freight rail vehicles or light rail transit vehicles. In particular, the Federal Railroad Administration (FRA) regulates a distance from a centerline of a shared track rail system to a platform depending on if the platform is a setback platform (e.g., above-ground level) or a level boarding platform (e.g., approximately on ground level).
In light of such FRA regulations, problems and difficulty arise with loading and alighting light rail transit vehicles. For instance, a conventional light rail transit vehicle includes a steep incline of steps to board, which can prove difficult for entry and exit. In another instance, individuals with wheeled mobility devices (e.g., wheelchair, motorized assistance vehicle, etc.) are unable to enter or exit the light rail transit without a ramp or a bridge plate. A setback platform also adds additional problems and difficulty based on having a gap between the front of the setback platform and the centerline of the shared rail track system based on the FRA regulation(s).
In light of these FRA regulations that create difficulties with loading and alighting light rail transit vehicles, what is needed is a solution that allows passengers (e.g., with or without wheeled mobility devices) to enter and exit a light rail transit vehicle with ease without a steep incline or concern of a large gap between the platform and the light rail transit vehicle.
In an embodiment, a setback platform system for a shared track rail system on a ground level that is used by a light rail transit vehicle and a freight vehicle is provided. The setback platform system can include: a setback platform that is substantially parallel to the shared track rail system and is a first distance from a centerline of the shared track rail system; a first path at a first height along and on top of the setback platform; a shuttle platform coupled to the setback platform that actuates from a first position to a second position with a linear movement toward the centerline or from a second position to the first position with a linear movement away from the centerline in a plane that is parallel to the ground level, the shuttle platform is at a second height along and on top of the setback platform and includes a front edge, a rear edge opposite thereto, and a thickness, wherein the first height is greater than the second height; in the first position, a portion of the shuttle platform is situated below the first path and the front edge is a second distance from the centerline; in the second position, the portion of the shuttle platform is adjacent to the first path and the front edge is a third distance from the centerline; the shuttle platform provides a path in the second position to allow passengers to board the light rail transit vehicle; and the shuttle platform in the first position creates a second path that allows travel about the setback platform.
In an embodiment, a setback platform is provided for a shared track rail system on a ground level that is used by a light rail transit vehicle and a freight vehicle. The setback platform system can include at least one of the following: a setback platform that is substantially parallel to the shared track rail system and is approximately nine (9) feet from a centerline of the shared track rail system; a first path at a first height along and on top of the setback platform; a shuttle platform coupled to the setback platform that actuates from a first position to a second position with a linear movement via a guide system driven by a drive component toward the centerline or from a second position to the first position with a linear movement away from the centerline in a plane that is parallel to the ground level, the shuttle platform is at a second height along and on top of the setback platform and includes a front edge, a rear edge opposite thereto, and a thickness, wherein the first height is greater than the second height; the shuttle platform includes a top section positioned above a bottom section, wherein the top section and the bottom section are integrated into the setback platform and the bottom section includes the guide system; in the first position, a portion of the shuttle platform is situated below the first path and the front edge is approximately nine (9) feet from the centerline; in the second position, the portion of the shuttle is adjacent to the first path and the front edge is a distance from the centerline, wherein the distance is between five (5) feet six (6) inches and five (5) eight (8) inches; the shuttle platform provides a path in the second position to allow passengers to board the light rail transit vehicle; and the shuttle platform in the first position creates a second path that allows travel about the setback platform.
In an embodiment, a method is provided for a setback platform system that actuates the shuttle platform from a first position to a second position in a linear motion parallel to a ground level toward a centerline of a shared track rail system to allow unloading and/or loading of one or more passengers with a light rail transit vehicle. In an embodiment, a method is provided for a setback platform system that actuates the shuttle platform from a second position to a first position in a linear motion parallel to a ground level away from a centerline of a shared track rail system to allow a light rail transit vehicle to depart from a setback platform system and/or allow for clearance of a freight vehicle that uses the shared track rail system.
Reference is made to the accompanying drawings in which particular embodiments and further benefits of the invention are illustrated as described in more detail in the description below, in which:
APPENDIX A is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to methods and systems for a shuttle platform that is configured to allow a walkway for one or more passengers to load or unload from a light rail transit vehicle that runs on a shared track. The shuttle platform can move in a linear plane that is parallel to a ground level from a first position to a second position and/or the second position to the first position. The shuttle platform can be associated (e.g., coupled, attached, releasably coupled, etc.) with a setback platform that provides a first path parallel to a centerline of the shared track and a second path parallel to the centerline of the shared track, wherein the first path is at a first height from the ground level, the second path is at a second height from the ground level, and the first path and the second path are adjacent to one another. It is to be appreciated that a portion of the shuttle platform comprises the second path. Moreover, the first height is greater than the second height to enable the shuttle platform to slide in a linear motion from the first position to the second position in which the first position includes a portion of the shuttle platform to be underneath the first path.
The first position can be a non-loading position in which a portion of the shuttle platform is underneath a portion of the first path. In the non-loading position, the shuttle platform is not deployed and a distance of approximately nine (9) feet is between a front edge of the shuttle platform and the centerline of the shared track. In an embodiment, the shuttle platform can include one or more railings that serve as a visual warning and physical protection for safety. In another embodiment, the shuttle platform can include one or more motion sensors such that a detected motion can indicate an alert to prevent movement of the shuttle platform.
With reference to the drawings, like reference numerals designate identical or corresponding parts throughout the several views. However, the inclusion of like elements in different views does not mean a given embodiment necessarily includes such elements or that all embodiments of the invention include such elements.
The term “shared track” as used herein (also referred to as a “shared track rail system”) can be defined as rail track of a general railroad system that is used for both light rail transit and freight railroad operations. Although commuter rail often shares track with freight service, it uses equipment that meets different safety standards than light rail transit.
The term “vehicle” as used herein can be defined as a mobile machine or a moveable transportation device that transports at least one of a person, people, or a cargo. For instance, a vehicle can be, but is not limited to being, a rail car, an intermodal container, a locomotive, a light rail car, and the like.
The term “component” as used herein can be defined as a portion of hardware, a portion of software, or a combination thereof. A portion of hardware can include at least a processor and a portion of memory, wherein the memory includes an instruction to execute. Additionally, “component” as used herein includes, but is not limited to: any programmed, programmable, or other electronic device or portion thereof that can store, retrieve, and/or process data; one or more computer readable and/or executable instructions, stored on non-transitory computer-readable medium/media, that cause an electronic device to perform one or more functions, actions, and/or behave in a desired manner as specified in the instructions; or combinations thereof.
The setback platform system 100 can include the shuttle platform 102 and the first path 104. The setback platform system 100 can be utilized as a structure that is above ground level to allow loading and/or unloading of passengers onto a light rail transit vehicle on a shared track system. In light of FRA regulations, a distance of approximately nine (9) feet is required on shared track to allow clearance for freight vehicles and light rail transit vehicles on the shared track. Based on this regulation, a distance or gap exists between the setback platform system 100. The shuttle platform 102 incorporated into the setback platform system 100 allows for mitigation of the gap or distance by providing a motion from a first position to a second position and from the second position to the first position.
The shuttle platform 102 can include a connect device 106 that provides coupling and decoupling of the shuttle platform 102 to a drive component 112, wherein the coupling and/or decoupling can be at least one of a powered, automated, manual, or a combination thereof. The drive component 112 can move the shuttle platform 102 in a linear motion in a plane parallel to the ground level. The shuttle platform 102 can further include a guide system 108 that include one or more rail guides 302 (e.g., illustrated in
In other example, the controller component 120 can receive and/or transmit wireless signals related to control of a heating element of one or more modular platform members that are coupled or arranged to form the setback platform system 100. It is to be appreciated that the subject innovation can include one or more controller components that can be used to manage motion, heating elements, sensors, motion sensors, railing movement, barriers, doors, lights, audible signals, weight sensors, and/or other devices, components, or systems.
In still another example, the controller component 120 can be configured to electrically lock or unlock gates, barriers, and/or turn-styles to prevent or allow entry to an area of the shuttle platform 102 or other areas of the setback platform system 100. For example, while in a loading configuration (e.g., shuttle platform 102 extended to mitigate the gap between the setback platform system 100 and a shared track), the controller component 120 can communicate an electronic signal to unlock gates, barriers, and/or turn-styles to allow passengers to enter an area of the platform. In another example, the controller component 120 can be configured to lock gates, barriers, and/or turn-styles when the shuttle platform 102 is in a non-loading configuration (e.g., shuttle platform 102 retracted from the shared track). Moreover, it is to be appreciated that the controller component 120 can utilize signals from sensors to determine whether locking or unlocking can be initiated. For example, a motion sensor, a sensor for a position of the shuttle platform 102, a sensor for movement of the vehicle on the shared track, a sensor from a conductor, a sensor from a depot or station, a sensor from vehicle; a sensor from a track; a wired signal from a device; a wireless signal from a vehicle or a device; or a combination thereof can be evaluated prior to locking or unlocking a gate, barrier, turn-style, or other means for restricting or unrestricting access to a location.
Shuttle platform 102 can include various components releasably attached or securably attached. For example, the shuttle platform 102 can include the following: a rail; a guard rail; a handrail; a fence; a barrier; a lighting fixture; a canopy; a roof; a support structure for a canopy; a support structure for a roof; a motion sensor; a weight sensor; a camera; a post; a gate; a barrier; ticket purchase device; among others.
Referring to
While in a first position, the shuttle platform 102 can include a front edge 502 that can be approximately nine (9) feet from the centerline 506 of the shared track rail system which allows freight vehicles to travel on the shared track rail system in accordance with FRA regulations.
In an embodiment, the first path 104 can be a structure that laterally extends across a length of the shuttle platform 102, wherein a portion of the shuttle platform 102 is slideably moveable from a first position to a second position. The first position can include the shuttle platform 102 having a percentage of the width positioned under or below the first path 104. While in the first position, the shuttle platform 102 can include physical structures and/or warning signals (e.g., audible, visual, etc.) to indicate the shuttle platform 102 is not in position to load passengers onto a vehicle on the shared track rail system. Upon actuation of movement to the second position, the shuttle platform 102 can slide linearly to the second position in which the percentage of the width of the shuttle platform 102 that was positioned under or below the first path 104 is not positioned under or below the first path 104.
Turning to
The shuttle platform 102 can be any suitable shape or size. It is to be appreciated that although the shuttle platform 102 is illustrated as a rectangle shape that holds a volume, any suitable shape can be utilized with the subject innovation. Moreover, the shuttle platform 102 can have a length, width, and thickness, wherein the shuttle platform 102 can be comprised of any suitable material. For instance, the shuttle platform 102 can be made of at least one of a concrete, a metal, a steel, a composite material, or a combination thereof. It is to be appreciated that the material composition of the shuttle platform 102 can be selected by one or ordinary skill in the art and/or with sound engineering judgment without departing from the scope of the subject innovation.
Referring now to
In light of the above, it should be understood that, in addition to other disclosures regarding linear drive systems and actuators, there exist conventionally-known alternatives such as straight line mechanisms, and quasi-straight line mechanisms, that can also be operationally incorporated into embodiments of the present subject matter. Straight line mechanisms and quasi-straight line mechanisms, include, but are not limited to, a Peaucellier-Lipkin linkage, a Chebyshev linkage, a Hart's linkage; a Sarrus linkage; among others.
Referring now to
In non-limiting embodiment in
In non-limiting embodiment in
In non-limiting embodiment in
With reference now to the non-limiting embodiment shown in
In the non-limiting embodiment shown in
With continued reference to the non-limiting embodiment shown in
In the non-limiting embodiment shown in
In some embodiments, as will be described more fully herebelow, one way to rotate lock latch input link 1862 about pivot axis 1863 is by actuating the manual drive receiver 1840. The secondary lock latch 1860 can be opened, for disengagement from the first striker 2712, or the second striker 2714, or otherwise, by rotating lock latch output link 1864 about pivot axis 1865. In some embodiments, as will be described more fully herebelow, one way to rotate lock latch output link 1864 about pivot axis 1865 is by actuating the automatic release 1880. That is, in some embodiments, the secondary lock latch 1860 comprises a mechanical linkage operationally adapted to have its operational engagement with both the first striker 2712 and the second striker 2714 selectably changed by mechanical work transmitted through either the manual drive receiver 1840 or through the automatic release 1880.
With continued reference to the non-limiting embodiment shown in
In the non-limiting embodiment shown in
Furthermore, referring now
Specifically,
It is contemplated drive system with a drive system access is included as illustrated in
The aforementioned systems (e.g., the shuttle platform 102, the controller component 120, etc.), architectures, environments, and the like have been described with respect to interaction between several components and/or elements. It should be appreciated that such components, devices, and elements can include those elements or sub-elements specified therein, some of the specified elements or sub-elements, and/or additional elements. Further yet, one or more elements and/or sub-elements may be combined into a single component to provide aggregate functionality. The elements may also interact with one or more other elements not specifically described herein for the sake of brevity, but known by those of skill in the art.
In an embodiment, a support structure is provided that is incorporated into the setback platform and affixed to the ground level to provide structural support to the shuttle platform. In an embodiment, a guide system is provided that is coupled to the shuttle platform for the linear movement. In an embodiment, a drive component is provided that is configured to actuate the shuttle platform. In an embodiment, a motion sensor is provided that is configured to detect a movement in an area between the front edge and the centerline, wherein the drive component is disabled based on a detection of the movement. In the embodiment, a remote signal communicated from the light rail transit vehicle to activate the linear movement of the shuttle platform from at least one of the first position to the second position or the second position to the first position. In an embodiment, a solenoid device is provided that controls a physical connection between a bottom portion of the shuttle platform and a guide system that is actuated in the linear movement with a screw drive. In an embodiment, a disconnect device that disconnects the physical connection between a bottom portion of the shuttle platform and the guide system to prevent the screw drive from providing the linear movement, wherein the disconnect device connects a gear mechanism that is configured to provide linear movement rather than the screw drive. In an embodiment, a power source is provided that delivers electrical power to provide at least the linear movement. In an embodiment, a controller component is provided that controls the shuttle platform, and, in particular, at least the motion from the first position to the second position. In an embodiment, an audible alert is activated during the linear movement from at least one of the first to the second position or the second position to the first position. In an embodiment, a railing is affixed to at least one of the first path or the shuttle platform. In an embodiment, a visible alert that is activated during the linear movement from at least one of the first to the second position or the second position to the first position. In an embodiment, a controller component is provided that locks a physical barrier affixed to a surface of the shuttle platform while the shuttle platform is in the first position and unlocks the physical barrier while the shuttle platform is in the second position.
In view of the exemplary devices and elements described supra, methodologies that may be implemented in accordance with the disclosed subject matter will be better appreciated with reference to the flow charts of
In an aspect, incorporated is an APPENDIX A (attached). APPENDIX A is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
As used herein, the terms “component” and “system,” as well as forms thereof may intend to refer to a computer-related entity, either hardware, a combination of hardware and software, software, or software in execution. For example, a component may be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an instance, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer. By way of illustration, both an application running on a computer and the computer can be a component. One or more components may reside within a process and/or thread of execution and a component may be localized on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
The word “exemplary” or various forms thereof are used herein to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any aspect or design described herein as “exemplary” is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other aspects or designs. Furthermore, examples are provided solely for purposes of clarity and understanding and are not meant to limit or restrict the claimed subject matter or relevant portions of this disclosure in any manner. It is to be appreciated a myriad of additional or alternate examples of varying scope could have been presented, but have been omitted for purposes of brevity.
Furthermore, to the extent that the terms “includes,” “contains,” “has,” “having” or variations in form thereof are used in either the detailed description or the claims, such terms are intended to be inclusive in a manner similar to the term “comprising” as “comprising” is interpreted when employed as a transitional word in a claim.
In order to provide a context for the claimed subject matter,
While the above disclosed system and methods can be described in the general context of computer-executable instructions of a program that runs on one or more computers, those skilled in the art will recognize that aspects can also be implemented in combination with other program modules or the like. Generally, program modules include routines, programs, components, data structures, among other things that perform particular tasks and/or implement particular abstract data types. Moreover, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above systems and methods can be practiced with various computer system configurations, including single-processor, multi-processor or multi-core processor computer systems, mini-computing devices, mainframe computers, as well as personal computers, hand-held computing devices (e.g., personal digital assistant (PDA), portable gaming device, smartphone, tablet, Wi-Fi device, laptop, phone, among others), microprocessor-based or programmable consumer or industrial electronics, and the like. Aspects can also be practiced in distributed computing environments where tasks are performed by remote processing devices that are linked through a communications network. However, some, if not all aspects of the claimed subject matter can be practiced on stand-alone computers. In a distributed computing environment, program modules may be located in one or both of local and remote memory storage devices.
With reference to
The processor(s) 4520 can be implemented with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor(s) 4520 may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, for example a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, multi-core processors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
The computer 4510 can include or otherwise interact with a variety of computer-readable media to facilitate control of the computer 4510 to implement one or more aspects of the claimed subject matter. The computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by the computer 4510 and includes volatile and nonvolatile media, and removable and non-removable media. By way of example, and not limitation, computer-readable media may comprise computer storage media and communication media.
Computer storage media includes volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to memory devices (e.g., random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM) . . . ), magnetic storage devices (e.g., hard disk, floppy disk, cassettes, tape . . . ), optical disks (e.g., compact disk (CD), digital versatile disk (DVD) . . . ), and solid state devices (e.g., solid state drive (SSD), flash memory drive (e.g., card, stick, key drive . . . ) . . . ), or any other medium which can be used to store the desired information and which can be accessed by the computer 4510.
Communication media typically embodies computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism and includes any information delivery media. The term “modulated data signal” means a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media includes wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, RF, infrared and other wireless media. Combinations of any of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Memory 4530 and mass storage 4550 are examples of computer-readable storage media. Depending on the exact configuration and type of computing device, memory 4530 may be volatile (e.g., RAM), non-volatile (e.g., ROM, flash memory . . . ) or some combination of the two. By way of example, the basic input/output system (BIOS), including basic routines to transfer information between elements within the computer 4510, such as during start-up, can be stored in nonvolatile memory, while volatile memory can act as external cache memory to facilitate processing by the processor(s) 4520, among other things.
Mass storage 4550 includes removable/non-removable, volatile/non-volatile computer storage media for storage of large amounts of data relative to the memory 4530. For example, mass storage 4550 includes, but is not limited to, one or more devices such as a magnetic or optical disk drive, floppy disk drive, flash memory, solid-state drive, or memory stick.
Memory 4530 and mass storage 4550 can include, or have stored therein, operating system 4560, one or more applications 4562, one or more program modules 4564, and data 4566. The operating system 4560 acts to control and allocate resources of the computer 4510. Applications 4562 include one or both of system and application software and can exploit management of resources by the operating system 4560 through program modules 4564 and data 4566 stored in memory 4530 and/or mass storage 4550 to perform one or more actions. Accordingly, applications 4562 can turn a general-purpose computer 4510 into a specialized machine in accordance with the logic provided thereby.
All or portions of the claimed subject matter can be implemented using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof to control a computer to realize the disclosed functionality. By way of example and not limitation, the controller component 120, or portions thereof, can be, or form part, of an application 4562, and include one or more modules 4564 and data 4566 stored in memory and/or mass storage 4550 whose functionality can be realized when executed by one or more processor(s) 4520.
In accordance with one particular embodiment, the processor(s) 4520 can correspond to a system on a chip (SOC) or like architecture including, or in other words integrating, both hardware and software on a single integrated circuit substrate. Here, the processor(s) 4520 can include one or more processors as well as memory at least similar to processor(s) 4520 and memory 4530, among other things. Conventional processors include a minimal amount of hardware and software and rely extensively on external hardware and software. By contrast, an SOC implementation of processor is more powerful, as it embeds hardware and software therein that enable particular functionality with minimal or no reliance on external hardware and software. For example, the controller component 120, and/or associated functionality can be embedded within hardware in a SOC architecture.
The computer 4510 also includes one or more interface components 4570 that are communicatively coupled to the system bus 4540 and facilitate interaction with the computer 4510. By way of example, the interface component 4570 can be a port (e.g., serial, parallel, PCMCIA, USB, FireWire . . . ) or an interface card (e.g., sound, video . . . ) or the like. In one example implementation, the interface component 4570 can be embodied as a user input/output interface to enable a user to enter commands and information into the computer 4510 through one or more input devices (e.g., pointing device such as a mouse, trackball, stylus, touch pad, keyboard, microphone, joystick, game pad, satellite dish, scanner, camera, other computer . . . ). In another example implementation, the interface component 4570 can be embodied as an output peripheral interface to supply output to displays (e.g., CRT, LCD, plasma . . . ), speakers, printers, and/or other computers, among other things. Still further yet, the interface component 4570 can be embodied as a network interface to enable communication with other computing devices (not shown), such as over a wired or wireless communications link.
What has been described above includes examples of the subject innovation. It is, of course, not possible to describe every conceivable combination of components or methodologies for purposes of describing the claimed subject matter, but one of ordinary skill in the art may recognize that many further combinations and permutations of the subject innovation are possible. Accordingly, the claimed subject matter is intended to embrace all such alterations, modifications, and variations that fall within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Specific embodiments of an innovation are disclosed herein. One of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the innovation may have other applications in other environments. In fact, many embodiments and implementations are possible. The following claims are in no way intended to limit the scope of the subject innovation to the specific embodiments described above. In addition, any recitation of “means for” is intended to evoke a means-plus-function reading of an element and a claim, whereas, any elements that do not specifically use the recitation “means for”, are not intended to be read as means-plus-function elements, even if the claim otherwise includes the word “means”.
The aforementioned systems have been described with respect to interaction between several components. It can be appreciated that such systems and components can include those components or specified sub-components, some of the specified components or sub-components, and/or additional components, and according to various permutations and combinations of the foregoing. Sub-components can also be implemented as components communicatively coupled to other components rather than included within parent components (hierarchical). Additionally, it should be noted that one or more components may be combined into a single component providing aggregate functionality or divided into several separate sub-components. Any components described herein may also interact with one or more other components not specifically described herein but generally known by those of skill in the art.
Although the subject innovation has been shown and described with respect to a certain preferred embodiment or embodiments, it is obvious that equivalent alterations and modifications will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification and the annexed drawings. In particular regard to the various functions performed by the above described elements (e.g., components, devices, etc.), the terms (including a reference to a “means”) used to describe such elements are intended to correspond, unless otherwise indicated, to any element which performs the specified function of the described element (e.g., that is functionally equivalent), even though not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the herein illustrated exemplary embodiment or embodiments of the innovation. In addition, while a particular feature of the innovation may have been described above with respect to only one or more of several illustrated embodiments, such feature may be combined with one or more other features of the other embodiments, as may be desired and advantageous for any given or particular application. Although certain embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that equivalents and modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims will occur to others who are skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification.
In the specification and claims, reference will be made to a number of terms that have the following meanings. The singular forms “a”, “an” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. Approximating language, as used herein throughout the specification and claims, may be applied to modify any quantitative representation that could permissibly vary without resulting in a change in the basic function to which it is related. Accordingly, a value modified by a term such as “about” is not to be limited to the precise value specified. In some instances, the approximating language may correspond to the precision of an instrument for measuring the value. Moreover, unless specifically stated otherwise, any use of the terms “first,” “second,” etc., do not denote any order or importance, but rather the terms “first,” “second,” etc., are used to distinguish one element from another.
As used herein, the terms “may” and “may be” indicate a possibility of an occurrence within a set of circumstances; a possession of a specified property, characteristic or function; and/or qualify another verb by expressing one or more of an ability, capability, or possibility associated with the qualified verb. Accordingly, usage of “may” and “may be” indicates that a modified term is apparently appropriate, capable, or suitable for an indicated capacity, function, or usage, while taking into account that in some circumstances the modified term may sometimes not be appropriate, capable, or suitable. For example, in some circumstances an event or capacity can be expected, while in other circumstances the event or capacity cannot occur—this distinction is captured by the terms “may” and “may be.”
This written description uses examples to disclose the invention, including the best mode, and also to enable one of ordinary skill in the art to practice the invention, including making and using any devices or systems and performing any incorporated methods. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims, and may include other examples that occur to one of ordinary skill in the art. Such other examples are intended to be within the scope of the claims if they have structural elements that do not different from the literal language of the claims, or if they include equivalent structural elements with insubstantial differences from the literal language of the claims.
APPENDIX A is a document that describes aspects of the claimed subject matter, and this Appendix forms part of this specification.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 61/977,808 filed on Apr. 10, 2014, the entirety of which are incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 937375 | Logan | Oct 1909 | A |
| 1027107 | De Ryss | May 1912 | A |
| 1027828 | De Ryss | May 1912 | A |
| 1050937 | Gallinant | Jan 1913 | A |
| 1098298 | Porth | May 1914 | A |
| 1149759 | Hedley et al. | Aug 1915 | A |
| 1216560 | Gallinant | Feb 1917 | A |
| 5517921 | Klohn | May 1996 | A |
| 5845579 | Langley et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 5845580 | Muller et al. | Dec 1998 | A |
| 20010042489 | Yamaguchi et al. | Nov 2001 | A1 |
| 20100043664 | Winkelmann et al. | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100058949 | Lomberty et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20120120234 | Fullalove | May 2012 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150291187 A1 | Oct 2015 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 61977808 | Apr 2014 | US |
