Patent Application
20250020062
The present disclosure generally relates turbine engine components, and more particularly, to rework systems and methods the turbine engine components.
Components, such as those used in turbine engines, may include defects or damage from either production of the component or from service use. Local rework to address these defects and/or damage to the components is generally a time and labor intensive process. Defects may be removed from the components and repair using a manual tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld process. This frequently results in excessive distortion of the components from the heat input nature of manual weld processing.
A method is disclosed herein. The method includes receiving a stator stage including a plurality of stator vanes disposed between an outer diameter and an inner diameter, analyzing the stator stage for defects, determining based on the analysis that there is a first defect on an edge of a first stator vane of the plurality of stator vanes, removing a portion of the first stator vane including the first defect to form a first scallop on the edge of the first stator vane, repairing the first stator vane including filling the first scallop to fill the first stator vane to its original size and shape creating a repaired portion, and performing a blending process to the stator stage including the first stator vane and the repaired portion to smooth the plurality of stator vanes.
In various embodiments, the analysis identifies defects on a surface of the stator stage and below the surface of the stator stage. In various embodiments, the analysis further includes using a heat map to identify locations of the stator stage with a higher probability of having a defect. In various embodiments, the edge is a leading edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the edge is a trailing edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the removing includes removing a standardized portion of the first stator vane so that the first scallop more closely conforms to a theoretical model plus tolerances.
In various embodiments, the repaired portion has the standardized size and shape. In various embodiments, the repairing includes using an additive manufacturing process to rebuild the edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the additive manufacturing process is a directed energy deposition process. In various embodiments, the blending process further includes shaping a leading edge and a trailing edge of the plurality of stator vanes.
Also disclosed herein is a method of repairing a stator stage for use with a turbine engine. The method includes receiving the stator stage including a plurality of stator vanes, the stator stage having a first defect identified on an edge of a first stator vane of the plurality of stator vanes, removing a portion of the edge of the first stator vane that includes the first defect to forma first scallop, repairing the edge of the first stator vane using an additive manufacturing process, including filling the first scallop to rebuild the edge of the first stator vane to form a repaired portion, and performing a blending process on the stator stage to smooth and shape the plurality of stator vanes, including the first stator vane.
In various embodiments, the method of repairing the stator stage for use with the turbine engine further includes analyzing the stator stage to identify the first defect on the edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the edge is a leading edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the edge is a trailing edge of the first stator vane. In various embodiments, the additive manufacturing process is a directed energy deposition process. In various embodiments, the first scallop has a predefined standardized size and shape and the repaired portion has the predefined standardized size and shape.
Also disclosed herein is a method of repairing a stator stage for use with a turbine engine. The method includes receiving the stator stage including a plurality of stator vanes, the stator stage having a first defect and a second defect, the first defect being on a first edge of a first stator vane of the plurality of stator vanes, and the second defect being on a second edge of the first stator vane, removing a first portion of the first edge including the first defect to form a first scallop, removing a second portion of the second edge including the second defect to form a second scallop, and repairing the first stator vane including filling the first scallop and the second scallop using an additive manufacturing process.
In various embodiments, the first edge is a leading edge and the second edge is a trailing edge. In various embodiments, the additive manufacturing process is a directed energy deposition process. In various embodiments, the first scallop and the second scallop have the same size and shape.
The foregoing features and elements may be combined in any combination, without exclusivity, unless expressly indicated herein otherwise. These features and elements as well as the operation of the disclosed embodiments will become more apparent in light of the following description and accompanying drawings.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is particularly pointed out and distinctly claimed in the concluding portion of the specification. A more complete understanding of the present disclosure, however, may best be obtained by referring to the following detailed description and claims in connection with the following drawings. While the drawings illustrate various embodiments employing the principles described herein, the drawings do not limit the scope of the claims.
The following detailed description of various embodiments herein makes reference to the accompanying drawings, which show various embodiments by way of illustration. While these various embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the disclosure, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that changes may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Thus, the detailed description herein is presented for purposes of illustration only and not of limitation. While these exemplary embodiments are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention, it should be understood that other embodiments may be realized and that logical, chemical and mechanical changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. For example, the steps recited in any of the method or process descriptions may be executed in any order and are not necessarily limited to the order presented. Furthermore, any reference to singular includes plural embodiments, and any reference to more than one component or step may include a singular embodiment or step. Also, any reference to attached, fixed, connected, or the like may include permanent, removable, temporary, partial, full or any other possible attachment option. Additionally, any reference to without contact (or similar phrases) may also include reduced contact or minimal contact. It should also be understood that unless specifically stated otherwise, references to “a,” “an” or “the” may include one or more than one and that reference to an item in the singular may also include the item in the plural. Further, all ranges may include upper and lower values and all ranges and ratio limits disclosed herein may be combined.
Disclosed herein are systems and methods for performing localized repairs of a stator stage. The localized repairs, or rework, may, in various embodiments, address defects or damage to cast components caused from either production or in service use. Historically, such repairs may have been performed by a manual tungsten inert gas (TIG) weld processes which is labor intensive and frequently results in excessive distortion and heat input from the nature of manual weld processing. The systems and methods disclosed herein, in various embodiments, use directed energy deposition (DED), or laser powder/wire deposition, as an additive manufacturing technique which may apply material with minimal heat input. In various embodiments, defect or damage mapping studies of production and in service components allows for maintenance shops to identify recurring areas of defects or damage. In various embodiments, these recurring areas can be defined into several standard repairs that allow for automation of repairs by the DED process. In various embodiments, the standard repair allows for process optimization as well as optimizing engineering requirements for acceptance (e.g., metallurgical impacts, structural impacts, acrodynamic impacts, etc.). In various embodiments, these standard repairs may enable definition of notches, lead in angles, and set aspect ratios that facilitate the DED equipment while minimizing subsequent processing and excess heat input. In various embodiments, defects or damage areas which do not fit into standard defined repairs may still be recovered by the manual TIG weld processes, but with much less impact to processing time, heat input, and distortion.
As used herein, “aft” refers to the direction associated with the tail (e.g., the back end) of an aircraft, or generally, to the direction of exhaust of the gas turbine. As used herein, “forward” refers to the direction associated with the nose (e.g., the front end) of an aircraft, or generally, to the direction of flight or motion.
Referring now to
Gas turbine engine 20 may generally comprise a low speed spool 30 and a high speed spool 32 mounted for rotation about an engine central longitudinal axis A-A′ relative to an engine static structure 36 or engine case via several bearing systems 38, 38-1, etc. Engine central longitudinal axis A-A′ is oriented in the Z direction on the provided X-Y-Z axes. It should be understood that various bearing systems 38 at various locations may alternatively or additionally be provided, including for example, bearing system 38, bearing system 38-1, etc.
Low speed spool 30 may generally comprise an inner shaft 40 that interconnects a fan 42, a low pressure compressor 44 and a low pressure turbine 46. Inner shaft 40 may be connected to fan 42 through a geared architecture 48 that can drive fan 42 at a lower speed than low speed spool 30. Geared architecture 48 may comprise a gear assembly 60 enclosed within a gear housing 62. Gear assembly 60 couples inner shaft 40 to a rotating fan structure. High speed spool 32 may comprise an outer shaft 50 that interconnects a high pressure compressor 52 and high pressure turbine 54. A combustor 56 may be located between high pressure compressor 52 and high pressure turbine 54. A mid-turbine frame 57 of engine static structure 36 may be located generally between high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46. Mid-turbine frame 57 may support one or more bearing systems 38 in turbine section 28. Inner shaft 40 and outer shaft 50 may be concentric and rotate via bearing systems 38 about the engine central longitudinal axis A-A′, which is collinear with their longitudinal axes. As used herein, a “high pressure” compressor or turbine experiences a higher pressure than a corresponding “low pressure” compressor or turbine.
The core airflow may be compressed by low pressure compressor 44 then high pressure compressor 52, mixed and burned with fuel in combustor 56, then expanded over high pressure turbine 54 and low pressure turbine 46. Turbines 46, 54 rotationally drive the respective low speed spool 30 and high speed spool 32 in response to the expansion.
In various embodiments, and with reference to
Blades 103 extend radially outward from the rotor disk 102. Gas turbine engine 20 may further include an exit guide vane stage 106 that defines the aft end of high pressure compressor 52. Although illustrated with respect to high pressure compressor 52, the present disclosure is not limited in this regard. For example, low pressure compressor 44 may include a plurality of blade stages 101 and vane stages 105, each blade stage in the plurality of blade stages 101 including IBR 100 and still be within the scope of this disclosure. In various embodiments, the plurality of blade stages 101 form a stack of IBRs 110, which define, at least partially, a rotor module 111 of the high pressure compressor 52 of the gas turbine engine 20.
Referring now to
Stator stage 200 may be manufactured as a single, monolithic component using a casting process, an additive manufacturing process, or other manufacturing process. In various embodiments, one or more defects may be introduced to one or more of OD 202, ID 204, and/or one or more of the plurality of stator vanes 206. In various embodiments, the defects may be surface defects. In various embodiments, the defects may be subsurface defects.
Referring now to
Referring now to
The stator stage, including section 400, is analyzed for defects as described above. In various embodiments, the defects may be introduced during manufacturing or during operational use of section 400. In various embodiments, different systems may be used to analyze the stator stage for defects such as visual inspection, x-ray, blue light scanner, microwave, video, and/or thermal examinations, among others. In various embodiments, the defect analysis systems may be focused on locations of the stator stage identified by defect heat map 300 described above in
Referring now to
With momentary reference to
With momentary reference to
Referring now to
The DED process repairs scallops 422a, 422b, 422b by building stator vanes 406a, 406b, 406c back while applying minimal heat input to reduce the chances of introducing a new defect into section 400″. In various embodiments, the DED process may be tuned to control for one or more of a laser power, a nozzle distance, a powder flow rate, a wire flow rate, and/or a speed of substrate movement. In various embodiments, the DED process may be standardized to match the defect removal process described in
Referring now to
At block 702, a stator stage is received. In various embodiments, the stator stage may be stator stage 200 described above in
At decision block 706, if no defects are found then the method 700 proceeds to block 716. If one or more defects are found, method 700 proceeds to decision block 708. At decision block 708, if the one or more defects are not on the stator vane (e.g., stator vane 206), method 700 proceeds to block 709 where the stator stage is sent for other repairs and method 700 ends. If the one or more defects are on the stator vane, method 700 proceeds to block 710.
At block 710, the one or more defects are removed from the stator vane. In various embodiments, the one or more defects may be located on a leading edge and/or a trailing edge of the stator vane. In various embodiments, the one or more defects may be removed using one or more of a grinder, a torch, a saw, a rotatory shaft tool, shears, a chisel, and/or a computer numerical control (CNC) machine, among others. In various embodiments, the amount of the material removed from the stator vane may be standardized to improve efficiency and throughput of the repairs to the stator vane.
At block 712, the stator vane is repaired. In various embodiments, the stator vane repair may include a casting process. In various embodiments, the stator vane repair may include an additive manufacturing process, such as a directed energy deposition (DED) process. During the stator vane repair process, the stator vane is built back to near original specifications. In various embodiments, the repair process may be standardized across the various stator vanes to improve efficiency and throughput.
At block 714, the stator vane is blended, or finished, to complete the repair process. The blending process may include smoothing and/or shaping of the stator vane including the leading edge and the trailing edge. In various embodiments, the blending, or finishing, process may be performed if no defects are found to ensure proper form and shape of the stator vanes in the stator stage. At block 716, the stator stage is ready to be shipped and/or installed.
In various embodiments, one or more of the various steps of method 700 may be performed by a controller coupled to one or more systems described above. The controller may comprise one or more processors configured to implement various logical operations in response to execution of instructions, for example, instructions stored on a non-transitory, tangible, computer-readable medium. The one or more processors can be a general purpose processor, a microprocessor, a microcontroller, a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array (FPGA) or other programmable logic device, discrete or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof. The controller may further comprise memory to store data, executable instructions, system program instructions, and/or controller instructions to implement the control logic of the controller.
System program instructions and/or controller instructions may be loaded onto a non-transitory, tangible computer-readable medium having instructions stored thereon that, in response to execution by a controller, cause the controller to perform various operations. The term “non-transitory” is to be understood to remove only propagating transitory signals per se from the claim scope and does not relinquish rights to all standard computer-readable media that are not only propagating transitory signals per se. Stated another way, the meaning of the term “non-transitory computer-readable medium” and “non-transitory computer-readable storage medium” should be construed to exclude only those types of transitory computer-readable media which were found in In Re Nuijten to fall outside the scope of patentable subject matter under 35 U.S.C. § 101.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described herein with regard to specific embodiments. Furthermore, the connecting lines shown in the various figures contained herein are intended to represent exemplary functional relationships and/or physical couplings between the various elements. It should be noted that many alternative or additional functional relationships or physical connections may be present in a practical system. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any elements that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as critical, required, or essential features or elements of the disclosure. The scope of the disclosure is accordingly to be limited by nothing other than the appended claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “one and only one” unless explicitly so stated, but rather “one or more.” Moreover, where a phrase similar to “at least one of A, B, or C” is used in the claims, it is intended that the phrase be interpreted to mean that A alone may be present in an embodiment, B alone may be present in an embodiment, C alone may be present in an embodiment, or that any combination of the elements A, B and C may be present in a single embodiment; for example, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C. Different cross-hatching is used throughout the figures to denote different parts but not necessarily to denote the same or different materials.
Systems, methods, and apparatus are provided herein. In the detailed description herein, references to “one embodiment,” “an embodiment,” “various embodiments,” etc., indicate that the embodiment described may include a particular feature, structure, or characteristic, but every embodiment may not necessarily include the particular feature, structure, or characteristic. Moreover, such phrases are not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, when a particular feature, structure, or characteristic is described in connection with an embodiment, it is submitted that it is within the knowledge of one skilled in the art to affect such feature, structure, or characteristic in connection with other embodiments whether or not explicitly described. After reading the description, it will be apparent to one skilled in the relevant art(s) how to implement the disclosure in alternative embodiments.
Numbers, percentages, or other values stated herein are intended to include that value, and also other values that are about or approximately equal to the stated value, as would be appreciated by one of ordinary skill in the art encompassed by various embodiments of the present disclosure. A stated value should therefore be interpreted broadly enough to encompass values that are at least close enough to the stated value to perform a desired function or achieve a desired result. The stated values include at least the variation to be expected in a suitable industrial process, and may include values that are within 5% of a stated value. Additionally, the terms “substantially,” “about” or “approximately” as used herein represent an amount close to the stated amount that still performs a desired function or achieves a desired result. For example, the term “substantially,” “about” or “approximately” may refer to an amount that is within 5% of a stated amount or value.
Furthermore, no element, component, or method step in the present disclosure is intended to be dedicated to the public regardless of whether the element, component, or method step is explicitly recited in the claims. No claim element herein is to be construed under the provisions of 35 U.S.C. 112(f) unless the element is expressly recited using the phrase “means for.” As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
Finally, it should be understood that any of the above-described concepts can be used alone or in combination with any or all of the other above-described concepts. Although various embodiments have been disclosed and described, one of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this disclosure. Accordingly, the description is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the principles described or illustrated herein to any precise form. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching.
