Patent Grant
8757677
This application is the National Stage of PCT/AT2008/000269 filed on Jul. 25, 2008, which claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 of German Application No. 10 2007 035 218.4 filed on Jul. 25, 2007. The international application under PCT article 21(2) was not published in English.
The invention relates to a lock which can be released on an electrically automated basis.
Document DE 92 09 053 U1 discloses an electrically releasable or unlockable lock which is primarily used for automated locker systems and similar. A rotating latch disposed in the lock housing for the lock catch fixedly attached to a door panel is biased by means of a spring in order to effect a rotating movement in the opening or releasing direction when the latch is released or unlocked. This disc-shaped latch has a cut-out respectively on two immediately adjacent circumferential portions, and the first cut-out is designed to engage with the lock catch and the second cut-out is designed to engage positively in a linearly displaceable bolt provided in the form of an armature of an electromagnet. When the armature of the electromagnet locates in the latch, the latch is blocked so that it is not able to rotate in either direction of rotation, as a result of which the door panel is held in its closed position by the lock catch. The armature of the electromagnet is biased by means of another spring so that it is constantly biased in the direction towards the latch and engages in its second cut-out when the latch is positioned so that the armature of the electromagnet is able to move into this cut-out. Also provided on this lock are reed contacts and magnets or similar switch elements to enable the closed state of the lock or door to be detected. This known lock is therefore designed so that when electromagnetically released by the electromagnet, the locker door simultaneously moves open by at least a gap because the lock catch of the door panel is forced outwards with respect to the locker interior by the spring-biased latch. This lock is described as being tamper-proof. However, with this construction, the force transmitted from the latch to the armature of the electromagnet is directed transversely to the actuating direction of the armature, which means that the electromagnet can be very easily damaged since it is not usually designed to withstand the strong armature transverse forces which would generally occur if an attempt were made to tamper with the door secured by this lock.
In the case of locks of a similar design known from the prior art, strong mechanical impulses transmitted to the door and then to the lock can lead to a relative shifting of the armature with respect to the latch so that the armature slips out of the latch, causing the latch to be released and the locker door to be opened. This undesired opening of the locker door may occur if the lock construction is subjected to a strong impact or a series of smaller impacts. If a lock of this type is fitted in an automatic locker system with a plurality of locker doors, a situation could even arise in which several lockers opened simultaneously if the machine construction were subjected to intensive pulses in the worst case scenario. This sensitivity to mechanical impulses and vibrations could theoretically be eliminated by opting for constructions that are retained by friction, for example by gear systems and/or motorised drives with brake devices. However, gears also represent a weak point in terms of breakage when subjected to strong impacts and have another disadvantage in that they require maintenance. Such constructions also incur higher costs and require more complex actuation systems.
Patent specification EP 0 589 158 B1 describes a remotely controllable lock, which is primarily used for doors of motor vehicles. This lock has a latch co-operating with a lock bolt, which blocks a lock pawl when in the locking position. The lock pawl is provided in the form of a pivotably mounted lever, which co-operates with the latch on the one hand and is operated by an electromagnetic actuator drive on the other hand in order to transfer the lock pawl into the inactive position so that the latch is released and the lock unlocked. This publication discloses a number of features intended to offer a simple design with few mechanical parts. Some of the described electrical or electro-mechanical features are used as a means of releasing the lock in emergency situations, especially if the electrical power supply for the lock is cut off. This publication does not describe any features designed to improve the ability of this lock to withstand manipulation, especially in connection with mechanical impulses and vibrations.
The underlying objective of this invention is to propose a lock which can be released on an automated basis for use in automated locker facilities, which offers a high degree of robustness and an ability to withstand breakage in spite of being of a simple and compact design, and in particular which offers increased safety in terms of tampering.
This objective is achieved on the basis of the features in accordance with the invention. These ensure that at the point where force is transmitted between the lock pawl and the lock element or a coupling element mounted in between, force and impulse components in the tangential direction with respect to the pivot axis of the lock pawl are not transmitted elastically and loss-free via a positive connection, for example in the manner of a step, shoulder or toothing, but are transferred with loss only, due to frictional forces. In conjunction with the inertia of the lock pawl, the intensity of the impulse transmitted to the lock pawl and hence also the degree of any resultant turning of the lock pawl due to such an impulse is significantly reduced. Force and impulses are transmitted friction-free and hence free of loss exclusively in the radial direction from the point where the force is introduced to the axis of rotation, where they are dispersed via the axis of rotation into the housing but without transmitting torque to the lock pawl. It is also expedient to ensure that no tangential force and impulse components are transmitted to the lock pawl loss-free if the lock pawl does not engage directly in the lock element but in a coupling element mounted in between, for example a latch, although it might seem at first view that no shifting in the tangential direction is actually possible due to the way the coupling element is mounted relative to the lock pawl. However, a slight mounting clearance which always exists will mean that a slight radial movement of the coupling element and latch is always possible and hence a tangential shift with respect to the lock pawl, which means that forces and impulses can be transmitted in this direction. Also of advantage is the fact that this lock is of a mechanically simple and compact design with only a few moving parts, whilst nevertheless being robust. The resultant lock also lends itself to a controlled and in particular electrical releasing action, which means that locker systems or storage systems of the locker type can be made to the simplest possible design. Of particular advantage is the fact that in spite of being based on a mechanical design that is relatively uncomplicated, the lock proposed by the invention offers a high degree of safety in terms of being tamper-proof. In particular, the lock proposed by the invention offers an improvement in terms of its ability to withstand attempts to open it, even if the lock or machine construction is subjected to strong impulses or vibrations. Above all, if the locker door or locker body and then the lock element is subjected to impacts, this does not lead directly to a transmission of turning impulses or turning forces to the lock pawl. In a surprisingly effective manner, any transmission of turning impulses or tangential forces from the lock element to the lock pawl is prevented as far as possible or is weakened to the degree that any unintended or undesired pivoting of the lock pawl can be virtually ruled out. The design of the lock proposed by the invention is extremely resistant to tampering if the lock element is biased in its opening direction by the locker door and mechanical impacts or vibrations are simultaneously introduced into the locker door or locker body. Fraudulent attempts at tampering can be more readily deterred and thwarted by the lock construction proposed by the invention, even though relatively simple driving elements are used, which enable inexpensive and structurally simple automation as well as electrical actuation of the lock based on relatively low power consumption.
A design defined in an embodiment is also of advantage because it offers even better protection against tampering due to the fact that the lock pawl essential for the locking action is less easy to reach and modify from outside, regardless of what tools are used, because the lock pawl is better protected against access due to the coupling element mounted in between and the fact that it is disposed behind the latch. Furthermore, by using different lever lengths for the latch relative to its pivot axis, a first increase takes place from the opening force transmitted by the lock element to the force transmitted to the lock pawl, which means that during the unlocking process by an electrical drive element, in particular an electromagnet, the frictional force which has to be overcome on the contact surface is reduced. The coupling element and latch may also be biased in the opening direction by means of a spring, thereby offering an easy means of providing an opening force for a locker door which can be released on an automated basis. Another essential aspect is that, due to the way the coupling element and latch are mounted, the possible degree by which they can be pivoted outwards compared with the possible direct outward pivoting movement of the lock element is limited to the amount of the relatively small mounting clearance of the latch, which means that the point at which force is introduced into the lock pawl is set accordingly to provide a reliable pre-definable physical release.
Another embodiment makes for a particularly inexpensive lock design and a high degree of anti-tampering protection can be obtained with few components. The tensile forces acting on the lock pawl can be absorbed by its rotary bearing without any problem.
The features defined in another embodiment are also of particular advantage because they offer a structurally simple but efficient way of preventing the side of the lock pawl from lying against the lock element or coupling element so that forces running at a tangent to its pivot radius or displacement path are transmitted positively and without loss. In particular, the lock pawl is particularly reliable in terms of remaining in its locking position when the lock element is biased in the opening direction of the locker door and the lock construction is simultaneously being subjected to strong impulses or mechanical vibrations, especially the lock element mounted on the door side.
Another embodiment is of particular advantage because it results in a defined locking position for the lock pawl, in which the lock pawl generates an optimum locking action. At the same time, the positive uncoupling is maintained between the lock element or coupling element and the lock pawl with regard to directions at a tangent to the rotatable lock pawl.
Due to the advantageous features defined in another embodiment, the undesirable transmission of angular accelerations and rotational impulses to the lock pawl can be prevented if the lock as a whole is accelerated. Also achieved as a result of this embodiment is the fact that if the lock mechanism is subjected to acceleration due to impact, for example due to impacts with a heavy hammer or such like, the forces largely act via the point of the rotary bearing of the lock pawl and are not transmitted to the lock pawl via a lateral bearing point of the lock pawl on the lock element or coupling element. This prevents a rotational impulse from being transmitted to the lock pawl in a particularly efficient manner.
Another embodiment enables the use of drive elements which generate only relatively low driving forces, which means that drives can be used which are as far as possible mechanically simple, inexpensive and operate with low energy consumption. In addition, due to the relatively low driving power needed, the amount of heat generated inside the lock remains very low. Another particular advantage of using an electromagnet is the compactness of this driving element.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, a relatively inexpensive, linearly displaceable drive may be used, which is mechanically simple and can be reliably coupled with the rotatable lock pawl for a long service life. The coupling element is specifically provided in the form of the articulating, interconnected coupling rod, which enables the linear movement of the connecting rod magnet to be adapted to the rotatably mounted lock pawl. Another particular advantage of this construction resides in the fact that lateral pressure on the armature and its slide bearing is as good as totally prevented. Even smaller variances due to component or fitting tolerances can be compensated without problem as a result. This ensures that the armature of the electromagnet remains readily displaceable, does not jam and the full driving and resetting force is transmitted to the lock pawl.
Another embodiment is of particular advantage. The coupling of the electromagnet with the lock pawl is not only articulated but also longitudinally adjustable to a limited degree, which enables an acceleration to be transmitted to the armature for a short, defined initial distance in the first instant of activation of the electromagnet without any effective opposing force from the lock pawl. It is not until the defined initial path has been travelled that the coupled displacement takes effect so that the lock pawl follows the remaining movement of the armature. Once the coupled displacement is established, it is not just the magnetic pulling force of the armature which is active but also the mechanical impulse of the already accelerated armature, so that this impulse can be used in addition to overcome the static friction and to release the lock pawl from its locking position.
Due to further embodiments, positive obstructions of the lock pawl in the direction of its releasing position by the coupling element are prevented. As a result, when the coupling element is turned or in the case of a permanent resilient biasing action of the coupling element, provided in the form of a latch in particular, no strain or jamming occurs with respect to the pawl. Furthermore, the lock pawl is guaranteed to be transferred into the releasing position in a controlled manner as intended, even with relatively low driving power or relatively low driving forces.
As a result of another embodiment, the lock pawl can be released or moved away from the coupling element easily, in particular from the latch, when the drive element is activated. An automated, controlled or intended releasing action of the lock can therefore be reliably guaranteed. In particular, this prevents strain and jamming between the coupling element and lock pawl, resulting in reliable releasing of the lock as soon as the drive element for the lock pawl has been activated accordingly.
In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the locking force is not transmitted from the lock pawl to the coupling element or lock element via a direct contact surface of the lock pawl but via a rotatably mounted rotary body connected to the lock pawl or coupling element or alternatively to the lock element. As a result of the rotary body, which acts in the manner of a force-transmitting gear, the tangential component of forces and impulses which can be transmitted to the lock pawl are quite significantly reduced if impulses are transmitted via the abutment or in the event of relative movements with respect to the abutment. As a result, this reduces the risk of forced, unauthorized unlocking of the lock and hence unauthorized opening of a locker door due to impacts and vibrations, but above all means that the forces which need to be applied by the drive element in order to transfer the lock pawl from the locking position into the releasing position are also reduced. The drive element provided as a means of effecting the release may therefore be designed to be less powerful than otherwise and hence more compact and inexpensive. In particular, if a relatively high tensile or pushing force is acting on the lock element, for example because a biasing force is acting on the internal face of the locker door due to the fact that articles have been stored incorrectly or carelessly, the lock can be electrically released in a controlled manner by relatively low-power drives.
The features defined in another embodiment ensure that the force positively transmitted to the lock pawl via the force-transmitting point is oriented in the direction towards the pivot axis of the lock pawl, as a result of which no torque is generated about the pivot axis.
Another embodiment ensures that the drive element, in particular the electromagnet and the slide bearing for its armature, does not apply blocking forces and is uncoupled in this respect. Instead, the requisite locking or blocking forces are absorbed and provided solely by the rotary bearing for the lock pawl and are so in a defined and mechanically reliable manner.
An embodiment is of particular advantage.
It provides a simple and effective way of ensuring that if an impulse is transmitted to the housing of the lock and then via the pivot axis to the lock pawl, the lock pawl provided in the form of a lever does not turn because the force is transmitted at its center of gravity. This prevents torques from being generated on one side of the lever if its axis of rotation is accelerated in the direction perpendicular to the lock pawl longitudinal axis or in the direction perpendicular to the lever longitudinal axis.
The lock pawl, which remains neutral and unaffected by the effects of external vibrations as far as possible, can be further improved as a result of the features defined in another embodiment. In particular, the lock pawl remains as far as possible in its locking position and is subjected to the slightest torque possible if the lock is subjected to forceful impacts or strong deflections.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, the lock pawl is biased via the spring means so that it automatically locates round the lock element or latches in the coupling element as soon as the lock element has moved sufficiently far into the lock housing as the door is being closed or as soon as the coupling element has been moved into the predefined closed position by the lock element. In particular, this obviates the need for electrical actuation of the lock in order to lock a locker door once it has closed. Another advantage of this is that the return spring for the armature of the electromagnet is also used as a means of automatically locking the lock once the locker door has been pulled to, thereby keeping the number of components needed for the lock to a minimum and keeping electrical actuation of the lock as simple as possible.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, a robust lock mechanism is obtained given the size of the lock pawl because the lock pawl is not subjected to strain due to bending. The rotary bearing is also particularly suitable for absorbing high mechanical forces. Moreover, a rotary bearing continues to function very reliably, even after numerous motion cycles of the lock pawl.
Due to the features defined in another embodiment, rotary impulses transmitted by the restrictor stop to the lock pawl are minimized and kept negligibly low. Especially if the restrictor stop is disposed close to one of the end portions of the rotatably mounted lock pawl, a relative displacement of the lock pawl relative to the restrictor stop is kept as small as possible when vibrations are acting on the lock housing.
The transmission of impulses between the restrictor stop and the lock pawl is also reliably prevented by the features defined in another embodiment.
The features defined in another embodiment prevent any impulse-type tangential or rotational forces from being transmitted from the lock element or coupling element to the lock pawl. In particular, on assuming its locking position, the rotatable lock pawl is not supported on the lock element or on the coupling element in the direction at a tangent to its pivot axis. Instead, the lock pawl is supported in a load-transmitting arrangement inside the lock by means of the separately designed, independent restrictor stop. This restrictor stop can be positioned with a high degree of precision and good reproducibility so that only forces extending radially with respect to its pivot axis act on the lock pawl when the locker door and hence the lock element is pushed in the opening direction. The restrictor stop offers another advantage over the lock pawl in that the lock pawl assumes the optimum locking position in which the best security is obtained in terms of locking and preventing tampering, even when the lock has undergone a number of operating cycles. In particular, a design of this type is susceptible to little wear or abrasion, even in the long term.
As a result of another embodiment, the restrictor stop is moved relatively far away from the lock element or coupling element, i.e. from the source of potential vibrations caused by mechanical impacts, as a result of which the vibrations or relative movements acting on the restrictor stop and subsequently on the lock pawl can be kept as low as possible.
The features defined in another embodiment provide an effective way of keeping a transmission of impulses or forces between the restrictor stop and the lock pawl to a particularly low level.
The advantage of the another embodiment is that it obviates the need for providing or fitting the restrictor element on the lock housing separately, thereby simplifying the design and further reducing the cost of manufacturing the lock housing.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, attempts to manipulate the lock or a locker as well as malfunctions can be easily detected. In particular, a system is provided which reliably detects whether the locking or closing bolt has been moved sufficiently far into the lock housing and whether the lock pawl has assumed its locking position. It is therefore possible to detect, on an automated basis, any locker doors which have not been fully closed or correctly locked, and appropriate steps can be initiated by the control system or the user can be alerted to the fact.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, positive use can be made of a lever transmission ratio of the latch if the lever length of the latch between the engagement for the lock element and the axis of rotation of the latch relative to the lever length between the axis of rotation and the contact point with the lock pawl is selected so that the contact force between the latch and the lock pawl is reduced, as a result of which the force needed by the electromagnet to overcome the static friction on the support surfaces between the latch and the lock pawl is reduced. This means that an electromagnet which generates relatively low positioning forces will be sufficient for the intended purpose. Such drive elements are inexpensive, lend themselves to a compact design, require low energy consumption and generate a particularly low amount of heat.
As a result of further embodiments, the relative position between the locker door and the lock housing is limited in a reliable and stable manner. In particular, the lock element on the locker door is prevented from being moved inadmissibly far into the housing if the locker door is being subjected to untypically strong forces due to tampering or vandalism.
Finally, the feature defined in another embodiment is of advantage because it prevents the lock element from being disengaged from the lock pawl or coupling element in the event of vandalism or attempts to force closed locker doors open. Unauthorized opening of a locker is therefore even more reliably prevented.
As a result of the features defined in another embodiment, the lock pawl is mounted so that it moves easily and can be reliably turned out of or into the locking position by the drive element or by the spring means. This is particularly important, given that the lock proposed by the invention must function reliably without maintenance for a long period and within a broad temperature range. The use of viscous lubricants to reduce friction on the bearings is not desirable for reasons pertaining to dirt, maintenance and the broad temperature range to which the lock is exposed during application. Another advantage of using a bearing bush made from plastic is that the lock pawl is electrically isolated from its bearing bolt, thereby ensuring that no electro-corrosion can occur at the bearing point in the long term, even in a damp environment, which could otherwise lead to an increase in friction in the bearing or even seizure of the bearing.
The easy movement of the lock pawl is also improved as a result of the feature defined in another embodiment. Due to the fact that the transition between the lock pawl and the latch or lock element at the point where force is introduced is not electrically conductive, no electro-corrosion can occur at the contact point and any increase in bearing friction is prevented. If the non-conductive material is selected accordingly, a particularly low coefficient of friction can be obtained which is largely unaffected by ambient conditions. This further improves the reliability of the lock.
The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to examples of embodiments illustrated in the appended drawings.
Of these:
Firstly, it should be pointed out that the same parts described in the different embodiments are denoted by the same reference numbers and the same component names and the disclosures made throughout the description can be transposed in terms of meaning to same parts bearing the same reference numbers or same component names. Furthermore, the positions chosen for the purposes of the description, such as top, bottom, side, etc., relate to the drawing specifically being described and can be transposed in terms of meaning to a new position when another position is being described. Individual features or combinations of features from the different embodiments illustrated and described may be construed as independent inventive solutions or solutions proposed by the invention in their own right.
The lock 1 has a rectangular-shaped lock housing 3 that is as strong as possible, and the mechanical and electrical components of the lock 1 are accommodated in the interior of the solid and robust lock housing 3. A longitudinal extension of the lock housing 3 extends parallel with the depth direction—arrow 4—of a locker, access to which is controlled by the lock 1 in conjunction with the locker door 2. The lock housing 3 comprises a plate-type base part 5 and a cover-type front or top part, although this is not illustrated, between which the interior for accommodating the electromechanical lock components is defined. The base part 5 preferably has an angled portion 6, which constitutes a side wall plate 7 of the lock housing 3. An orifice 8 is provided in this side wall plate 7, which permits access for a lock element 9 or a co-operating bolt in order to the lock housing 3. This lock element 9, which might be hook-shaped, bow-shaped or incorporate an eye for example, or may alternatively be provided in the form of a bolt with undercuts or wider areas in its cross-section, is preferably connected as rigidly as possible and so that it is susceptible to as little wear as possible, via a mounting plate 10 to a co-operating locker door 2, and in particular is screwed to it. In a preferred embodiment, when the locker door 2 is in the closed and locked state, this mounting plate 10 for the bolt or lock element 9 is supported in a load-transmitting arrangement on the lock housing 3, in particular its side wall plate 7, with at least one spacing and screw fixing means 11 for the mounting plate 10 on the locker door 2 connected in between. These spacing and screw fixing means 11 are preferably based on a block-type design and may be provided in the form of a cylindrical body, for example, which affords a mutual support between the locker door 2 or between the mounting plate 10 for the lock element 9 and the lock housing 3. Amongst other things, this prevents the lock element 9 from being able to move too far into the lock housing 3 in the event of impact or pressure on the locker door 2, as a result of which damage to the lock mechanism or lock electronics can be easily prevented.
The described lock mechanism is particularly simple yet at the same time well protected against tampering. In the case of the embodiment illustrated in
The coupling element 12, preferably provided in the form of a latch 13, is mounted so that it can pivot about an axis 15 extending transversely to the direction in which the lock element 9 is introduced into the lock housing 3. The pivoting movement of the latch 13 about the axis 15 is regulated by the lock pawl 14, in particular released or blocked. When the lock is in the locked position illustrated in
The latch 13 is preferably biased in the opening direction by a spring means, not illustrated, in a manner known per se so that the latch 13 is pushed into the releasing or opening position when the lock pawl 14 is in the inactive position, as a result of which the locker door 2 springs open by at least a gap due to the lock element 9 positively engaging in it.
The lock pawl 14 is coupled with a drive element 16 in displacement, preferably with an electromagnet 17 in the form of a connecting rod magnet. In particular, the position of the lock pawl 14 can be transferred in a controlled manner by the drive element 16 on an automated basis into a releasing or inactive position in which the latch 13 is able to turn in the direction of its releasing position. The drive element 16 or coupled displacement between the drive element 16 and lock pawl 14 is such that when the drive element 16 is without power or receiving no current, the lock pawl 14 is in its locking position illustrated in
The lock pawl 14 is preferably a two-arm lever 21, the first lever arm 22 of which serves as the lock pawl 14 and co-operates with the coupling element 12. The second lever arm 23 of the lever 21, which is preferably of a straight design, i.e. not curved, is coupled in displacement with the drive element 16, which can preferably be electrically activated. In particular, the linearly displaceable armature 19 of the electromagnet 17 is connected via a first articulated link 24 to a first end portion of a coupling rod 25 so that it can not be pulled. Another end portion of this coupling rod 25 spaced at a distance apart from the first end portion is connected via another articulated link 26 to the lock pawl 14, in particular its second lever arm 23. In particular, a coupled displacement is established between the linearly displaceable armature 19 of the electromagnet 17 and the rotatably mounted lock pawl 14 via a coupling element in the form of a coupling rod 25 with articulated joints at its end portions.
As clearly illustrated in
The blocking or locking force applied by the lock pawl 14 to the coupling element 12 preferably extends transversely and in a direct line through the pivot axis 31 of the rotary bearing 32 for the lock pawl 14, as may clearly be seen in the diagram of
In order to ensure that the lock 1 is protected as far as possible against tampering, it is essential that the portion of a point of force transmission 33′ for the locking force transmitted to the lock pawl 14 is designed so that no tangential forces or tangential impulse components by reference to the pivot axis 31 of the lock pawl 14 are transferred from the lock element 9 or from the coupling element 12, if one is mounted in between as is the case with the embodiment illustrated as an example in
To this end, it is of practical advantage if the locking or translating forces applied by the coupling element 12 to the lock pawl 14 act as far as possible at a right angle to the support surface 28 of the lock pawl 14 and the lock pawl 14 disperses these forces exactly in the radial direction towards the pivot axis 31 of the rotary bearing. In particular, this ensures that no actuation forces from the lock element 9 or from the coupling element 12 mounted in between oriented at a tangent to the pivot path of the lock pawl 14 can act on the lock pawl 14.
It is also of practical advantage if the lock pawl 14, in particular its terminal end 27, is not limited or blocked in its ability to move by the coupling element 12 directly—FIG. 1—or by the lock element 9—
Instead, a restrictor stop 34 is provided separately from or independently of the coupling element 12—FIG. 1—or lock element 9—FIG. 2—in the form of a separate part, in order to restrict the ability of the lock pawl 14 to pivot relative to the coupling element 12—FIG. 1—or relative to the lock element—
The same applies to the embodiment illustrated in
In order to improve the mechanical uncoupling or uncoupling of force-induced impulses between the coupling element 12, in particular the latch 13, and the lock pawl 14, the restrictor stop 34 defining the blocking or locking position of the lock pawl 14 may also be of an elastically flexible or cushioning design, in particular impart damping. The same applies to the embodiment illustrated in
It is of advantage if the lock pawl 14 sits at least approximately trim relative to the pivot axis 31 or about the pivot axis 31 as regards weight or forces with respect to its two lever arms 22, 23. In particular, this means that the lock pawl 14 is held in an approximately horizontal position if no additional forces are acting on one side of it from outside. The lock pawl 14 may also sit trim with respect to its pivot axis 31 so that the weight of the first lever arm 22 at least approximately corresponds to the weight of the second lever arm 23, including the weight of the armature 19 of the electromagnet 17 attached to it. In the case of the second lever arm 23, allowance may also optionally be made for the weight of the coupling element, in particular the coupling rod 25, between the armature 19 of the electromagnet 17 and the second lever arm 23.
With a view to ensuring that the lock 1 is tamper-proof to a high degree, it is also of practical advantage if the restrictor stop 34 for predefining or defining the locking position of the lock pawl 14 is positioned in such a way that it is disposed closer, relatively speaking, to a terminal end 27 or 45 of the lock pawl 14 remote from the pivot axis 31 than to the pivot axis 31 of the lock pawl 14. It is expedient to position the restrictor stop 34 so that it is spaced apart from the pivot axis 31 by a distance of more than 30% of the length of the first or second lever arm 22, 23. Improved and highly reliable operation can also be achieved if the restrictor stop 34 co-operates with the second lever arm 23 of the lock pawl 1 facing away from the coupling element 12, as indicated by broken lines in
By preference, the lock 1 also has a first detection means 35 for detecting whether the lock element 9 or bolt has moved into the lock housing 3. It is also preferable to provide a second detection means 36 for detecting the respective position of the drive element 16, in particular for detecting the position of the armature 19 of the electromagnet 17. This being the case, this second detection means 36 is positioned on the side of the electromagnet 17 lying opposite the armature 19, in particular on the side of the electric coil of the electromagnet 17 lying opposite the armature 19. This second detection means 36 is provided as a means of detecting the active position of the drive element 16, in particular for detecting whether the armature 19 was attracted by the electromagnet 17 or not. Accordingly, an extension of the armature 19 extends through the coil arrangement and thus operates the second detection means 36.
The two detection means 35, 36 are preferably provided in the form of electric switch elements, in particular normally open and/or normally closed contacts. The respective detection signals or switching states of the two detection means 35, 36 can be transmitted via an electrical plug connection 37 on the lock housing 3 to a control and evaluation system, although this is not illustrated. Accordingly, a three-wire connection is run to the electronic control system in order to forward the respective switching states of the two detection means 35, 36, provided in the form of switches.
The first detection means 35, which detects whether the lock element 9 has been moved into the lock housing 3 so that it can be blocked or locked by the coupling element 12, can be activated or operated via a motion-transmitting element 38, in particular by means of a linearly displaceable, resiliently biased ram element 39. This ram element 39 extends between an insertion and retaining portion for the lock element 9 and an operating element 40 of the detection means 35, in particular in the displacement path of a switch lug of the first detection means 35. The linearly displaceable ram element 39 is oriented at an acute angle with respect to the operating element 40 and the ram element 39 and detection means 35 are positioned relative to one another so that the end of the ram element 39 is moved past the detection means 35 and the detection means 35 does not act as an end stop for the ram element 39 if the ram element 39 is pushed unexpectedly far into the lock housing 3 due to attempted manipulation.
As explained above, the coupling element 12 is preferably provided in the form of a latch 13, which is mounted so that it can pivot inside the lock housing 3 to a limited degree. Accordingly, in a first circumferential portion 41, the latch 13 has an indentation or cut-out 42 designed to positively engage with the lock element 9 or bolt. In another circumferential portion 43 of the latch 13, preferably lying diametrically opposite, a retaining lug 44 or indentation is provided for the abutment surface 29 constituting the lock pawl 14, which co-operates with the lock pawl 14.
Particularly effective protection against tampering is achieved if the restrictor stop 34 is designed as a damping element 46 for damping forces transmitted between the lock housing 3, in particular its plate-type base part 5, and the lock pawl 14. The restrictor stop 34 is mounted on or attached to the lock housing 3, in particular its base part 5. The damping element 46 may be provided in the form of a so-called spring pin or clamping pin or by an elastomeric body.
What is achieved by the embodiments proposed by the invention is that the portion of the point of force transmission 33′ for the locking force transmitted to the lock pawl 14 is designed so that forces and impulses induced by a positive fit and abutment transmitted from the lock element 9, or from a coupling element 12 which may optionally be mounted in between, to the lock pawl 14 are directed exclusively radially to its pivot axis 31 and any tangential force and impulse components which occur can be transmitted almost exclusively by frictional forces at the point of force transmission 33′.
In particular, the portion of the point of force transmission 33′ for the locking force transmitted to the lock pawl 14 is designed so that as far as possible, no tangential forces or tangential impulse components by reference to the pivot axis 31 of the lock pawl 14 are transmitted from the lock element 9 or from a coupling element 12 which may be optionally mounted in between to the lock pawl 14 when it is in the locking position, but abutment-induced forces and impulses are transmitted to the lock pawl 14 in only the radial direction with respect to its pivot axis 31 as far as possible.
The rotary bearing 32 of the lock pawl 14 is provided in the form of the bearing bolt 53 fixedly connected to the base part 5 and a bearing bush 52 introduced into a bore of the lock pawl 14. The bearing bush 52 is preferably made from plastic to obtain a bearing which moves easily with a reliably low coefficient of friction, and this ease of movement is preserved for a long service life within broad temperature and load ranges. In particular, the electrically non-conductive bearing bush 52 also reliably prevents electro-corrosion at the bearing surface.
In another advantageous embodiment, a block-type or strip-type support 48 is provided along the insertion path of the lock element 9 provided in the form of a lock hook, on the side of the lock element 9 facing away from the lock pawl 14. By means of this support 48, which may serve as a guide mechanism for the lock element 9, the lock element 9 is better stopped or prevented from missing the lock pawl 14, especially when acted on by stronger forces due to manipulation with malicious intent or vandalism.
By preference, one of the articulated links 24 and 26 of the coupling rod 25 is designed so that the length can be varied in a defined manner to a limited degree due to the fact that the coupling rod has a slot 54 in which the shaft of the articulated link 26 is guided so that it can both rotate and move in translation to a limited degree. When the electromagnet 17 is activated, this permits acceleration and movement of the armature 19 only, but still without any movement and opposing force from the lock pawl 14. As soon as the armature 19 has travelled the minimum distance fixed by the slot 54, the lock pawl 14 follows the remaining movement of the armature 19. At the first instant of the coupled displacement, it is not just the attraction force of the electromagnet 17 to the lock pawl 14 which is effective but also an additional mechanical impulse due to the already accelerated mass of the armature 19. This means that the static friction between the support surface 28 and the abutment surface 29 at the point of force transmission 33′ can be more reliably overcome. Due to a series of several electrical activation pulses for the electromagnet 17 and hence a series of mechanical impulses to the lock pawl 14, a lock which is seated stationary up to a certain degree can be hammered free. The operating reliability can be quite significantly increased as a result, especially if such hammering free is detected by the machine control system as being the onset of a defect and reported to a servicing point so that the requisite repair work can be organised even before an actual fault occurs in the form of a locker door that can not be automatically released.
The additional technical explanations given in connection with
This being the case, the end of the lock pawl 14 facing the lock element 9 or an all-purpose coupling element 12—FIG. 1—has a rotary body 49, in particular a rotatably mounted coupling roller 50, which is designed or disposed so that no forces or rotational impulses are transmitted to the lock pawl 14 from the lock element 9, or from a coupling element which may be optionally provided, in the direction extending at a tangent to the rotary bearing 32 as far as possible.
An axis of rotation 51 of this rotary body 49, mounted so that it can rotate freely, extends parallel with the pivot axis 31 of the lock pawl 14. This rotary body 49, which preferably rotates freely but may optionally be mounted so that it can rotate to a limited degree, minimises the forces or impulses which can be transmitted between the lock element 9 or a coupling element 12—FIG. 1—in the direction extending at a tangent to the pivot path of the lock pawl 14.
This rotary body 49 is preferably mounted on the hook end 47 or on the terminal end 27 of the lock pawl 14. Alternatively, it would naturally also be possible for the rotary body 49 to be mounted on the lock element 9, in particular to be mounted on a hook-shaped end of the lock element 9. It would likewise be possible for the rotary body 49 itself to constitute the hook end 47 of the lock element 9 or lock pawl 14. Another option is for the rotary body 49 to be mounted on a coupling element 12 which may be provided as an option—
Above all, it is essential that the rolling or external surface of the preferably cylindrical or wheel-shaped coupling roller 50 forms a mutually rolling support and abutment surface 28, 29 between the lock element 9 and/or a coupling element 12 which might be optionally provided and/or the lock pawl 14, and the rolling or external surface of the coupling roller 50 as far as possible prevents a quasi external torque or impulse, acting either directly or indirectly, from being transmitted to the lock pawl 14. However, the coupling roller 50 is designed so that it does transmit the locking or blocking force between the point of force transmission 33′ and lock pawl 14, in particular between lock element 9 and lock pawl 14 directly or via a coupling element 12 mounted in between—
Finally, for the sake of good order, it should be pointed out that in order to provide a clearer understanding of the structure of the lock 1, it and its constituent parts are illustrated to a certain extent out of scale and/or on an enlarged scale and/or on a reduced scale.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2007 035 218 | Jul 2007 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AT2008/000269 | 7/25/2008 | WO | 00 | 2/5/2010 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2009/012512 | 1/29/2009 | WO | A |
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