Patent Application
20230358279
This application claims priority to European Application No. EP22172259.8, filed on May 9, 2022, which application is hereby incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
A locking mechanism is described in DE 38 18 808 A1, wherein a spring is provided which spring-loads the locking ring to assume the closed position. The spring is supported on one side against the coupling sleeve and on the other side against the locking ring. The locking mechanism has means for locking the locking ring in the open position and for automatically releasing the locking mechanism when a PTO shaft is inserted into the receptacle of the coupling sleeve. For this purpose, the means for locking have a control ring separate from the locking ring, which in the open position of the locking ring is arranged to be radially movable relative to the latter between a position concentric with the longitudinal axis and a position eccentric with respect to the longitudinal axis. In its position eccentric to the longitudinal axis, a first end of the control ring enters a region of a stop of the coupling sleeve, the locking ring being axially supported against the control ring at a second end thereof. Thus, the locking ring is indirectly supported against the stop via the control ring so that the locking ring is held in a locked open position. The control ring is radially loaded by an adjusting spring to assume the position eccentric to the longitudinal axis and is radially supported against one of the locking elements. If the shaft is now inserted into the receptacle, the locking elements are moved radially outward by the outer contour of the shaft. This also moves the locking element, against which the control ring is supported. The control ring is thus moved radially by this locking element into the position concentric and coaxial to the longitudinal axis. The control ring gets outside the range of the stop, so that the control ring is no longer axially supported against the stop and the spring, which axially loads the locking ring, axially displaces the locking ring and the control ring until the locking ring axially abuts against the locking elements. As soon as the shaft has reached a position, in which the circumferential groove of the shaft is aligned with the radial apertures, the locking elements are transferred radially inwards to their locking position. This is done via the spring, which axially displaces the locking ring and the control ring until the locking ring has reached its closed position, in which the locking ring embraces the locking elements radially on the outside and holds them in the locking position.
A further locking mechanism is described in EP 2 860 419 A2. This locking mechanism has a spring that applies force to a locking ring to assume the closed position. In the open position of the locking ring, the locking ring can be manually tilted relative to the longitudinal axis, with a locking section of the locking ring entering a region of a stop and being axially supported against the stop so that the locking ring is held in the open position against the force of the spring. An actuating section of the locking ring radially covers at least one of the locking elements and holds it in its locking position. When the shaft is pushed into the receptacle, this locking element is moved radially outwards and presses the locking ring back via the actuating section into a position coaxial with the longitudinal axis, in which the locking section is outside the range of the stop and is no longer axially supported against it. Thus, the locking ring is spring-loaded again in the direction of assuming its closed position. However, there is a risk that unintentional contact or contact from the outside with the locking ring could cause it to move to its coaxial position, thus unintentionally releasing the locking mechanism. In addition, it cannot be entirely prevented that the displacement into the coaxial position is caused by shocks or vibrations.
Described herein is a locking mechanism for securing a coupling sleeve on a shaft, including a coupling sleeve of a universal joint shaft of an agricultural machine on a (power take-off) PTO shaft of a tractor. It is an aspect of the present disclosure to provide a locking mechanism which is of simple construction.
The locking mechanism comprises a coupling sleeve with a receptacle extending along a longitudinal axis for receiving a shaft, and a plurality of locking elements each received in a radial aperture of the coupling sleeve for radial movement between a locking position, in which the locking elements project radially inwardly from the apertures into the receptacle for engagement in a circumferential groove of the shaft, and a releasing position. Furthermore, the locking mechanism has a locking ring, which is axially adjustable between a closed position and an open position relative to the coupling sleeve, wherein in the closed position a locking section of the locking ring engages around the locking elements radially on the outside and holds them in the locking position. The locking ring is adjustable in the open position between a centered position on the longitudinal axis and an eccentric position parallel to the longitudinal axis. In the eccentric position of the locking ring, at least one switching locking element of the plurality of locking elements is located in the locking position and is supported radially outwards against an actuating section of the locking ring, wherein by displacing the at least one switching locking element into the releasing position, the locking ring can be transferred into the centered position via the actuating section.
A simple locking mechanism with few components required to lock the locking ring is achieved with this locking mechanism design in which the entire locking ring is radially adjustable between the centered position and the eccentric position in which the locking ring is locked in the open position.
In the eccentric position, the locking ring can be axially supported against a locking stop of the coupling sleeve in the direction towards the closed position. This ensures that the locking ring cannot be moved axially into the closed position in its eccentric position, but is fixed in the open position.
In one embodiment of the locking mechanism, the locking mechanism further comprises a housing in which the locking ring is guided in a radially adjustable manner.
Further, the locking mechanism may include first spring means for applying force to the locking ring in the direction towards the closed position. This ensures that in the closed position of the locking ring, the locking elements are held securely in the locking position. The first spring means can be of any design, in particular as a compression spring, for example in the form of a helical spring or disc spring arrangement. A design in the form of an element made of an elastic material, such as rubber or another elastomer, is also conceivable.
The housing can have a receiving space, in which the locking ring is axially immovable or fixed and radially displaceable. The housing can thus be moved axially together with the locking ring relative to the coupling sleeve. The locking ring is protected from external influences so that it cannot be adjusted unintentionally.
The locking mechanism may have second spring means that apply radial force to the locking ring in the direction towards the eccentric position. This allows the locking ring to be held securely in the eccentric position. In addition, when the locking ring is moved axially to the open position, the locking ring is automatically transferred to the eccentric position. No manual intervention is required. The second spring means may be received in the receiving space of the housing.
In an exemplary embodiment of the locking mechanism, the locking mechanism has a spring guide element arranged on the coupling sleeve. The first spring means can be arranged on a sleeve section of the spring guide element and axially supported between a thrust support of the spring guide element and the housing. The first spring means can be axially supported against a shoulder of the coupling sleeve via the thrust support.
In the closed position of the locking ring, the housing can be axially supported against a securing stop on the coupling sleeve. This ensures a defined axial position of the locking ring.
In the closed position of the locking ring, the sleeve section of the spring guide element can be completely covered by the housing. In the open position of the locking ring, the housing can at least partially release the sleeve section of the spring guide element.
Signaling of the position of the locking ring can be effectively achieved by providing the sleeve section of the spring guide element in a signal color, such as for instance red or orange. In the closed position of the locking ring, the sleeve section of the spring guide element is thus not visible from the outside, so that the signal color is not seen. This indicates that the locking mechanism is fully closed. In the open position of the locking ring, on the other hand, the sleeve section of the spring guide element is at least partially not covered by the housing and is thus visible from the outside, so that the signal color can be detected. This indicates to a user that the locking mechanism is open, or not fully closed.
The spring guide element can comprise a guiding element on which the housing is axially displaceably guided, the guiding element being provided in such a way that tilting of the housing relative to the longitudinal axis is prevented. The guiding element can, for example, be provided as a sleeve section of the spring guide element, which is aligned coaxially with the longitudinal axis. Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the guiding element is provided as a component separate from the spring guide element or is provided without a spring guide element. In this case, the guiding element can, for example, be L-shaped or U-shaped in longitudinal section with a sleeve-shaped guide section.
The housing may further include a sleeve-shaped support section that is guided on a cylindrical guide surface of the coupling sleeve over at least a portion of a displacement path of the housing.
If both a guiding element and said sleeve-shaped support section are provided, secure guidance of the housing is ensured, especially if the guiding element and the support section are axially spaced apart. This also results in an extremely secure arrangement against tilting of the housing.
An exemplary embodiment is explained in more detail below using the drawings. Here
A coupling sleeve 7 is arranged on an joint yoke 6 (outer yoke). The joint yoke 6 is only partially shown and is connected to a joint yoke (inner yoke), which is not shown for the sake of clarity, via a trunnion cross.
The locking mechanism comprises a coupling sleeve 7 integrally connected to the joint yoke 6 and having a receptacle 8 extending along a longitudinal axis L of the coupling sleeve 7. A shaft 9, in the present case in the form of a power take-off shaft, can be inserted into the receptacle 8 in the direction of the longitudinal axis L. The receptacle 8 has splines 10 formed parallel to the longitudinal axis L and complementary to splines 11 of the shaft 9. This achieves a rotationally fixed connection between the shaft 9 and the coupling sleeve 7 by pushing the shaft 9 into the receptacle 8. The shaft 9 is further formed with a recess in the form of a circumferential groove 12 about the longitudinal axis L, the circumferential groove 12 being represented in the present case only by grooves in a head portion of teeth of the spline 11. In principle, the circumferential groove 12 can also be formed radially deeper.
The coupling sleeve 7 has radially extending and circumferentially distributed apertures 13. The apertures 13 completely penetrate the coupling sleeve 7 in the radial direction. A locking element 14 in the form of a ball is arranged in each of the apertures 13 such that it can move radially. The locking elements can also be shaped differently, for example as rollers. The locking elements 14 can be moved between a locking position shown in
The locking mechanism has a locking ring 16 that is axially movable between a closed position, as shown in
Viewed in the axial direction, the locking ring 16 has an actuating section 17 and a locking section 18 side by side. The locking section 18 has a smaller inner diameter than the actuating section 17 and thus projects inwardly from the actuating section 17 in a collar shape. In the closed position of the locking ring 16, the locking section 18 is arranged axially overlapping the apertures 13 and the locking elements 14. Thus, the locking section 18 embraces the locking elements 14 radially outside the apertures 13. The inner diameter of the locking section 18 is such that the locking elements 14 are supported radially outwardly against the locking section 18 and continue to project inwardly from the apertures 13. Thus, the locking elements 14 are securely held in their locking position by the locking section 18, as shown in
The locking ring 16 can be moved axially on the coupling sleeve 7 from its closed position in the direction of the joint yoke 6 until the actuating section 17 of the locking ring 16 engages around the locking elements 14. In principle, a mirror image design of the locking ring 16 is also conceivable, in which the locking ring 16 would have to be pushed in the opposite direction from the closed position to the open position. In the open position, the locking elements 14 can move radially out of the apertures 13 until they abut the actuating section 17, so that the locking elements 14 are prevented from exiting the apertures 13 further. In this releasing position, the locking elements 14 no longer protrude inwards from the apertures 13.
A locking stop 19 is provided in the coupling sleeve 7, which is formed as a circumferential, annular surface arranged on a plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis L. In the embodiment shown, the locking stop 19 is formed by an outer circumferential groove 20 in the coupling sleeve 7. In the eccentric position of the locking ring 16, it is axially supported against the locking stop 19. For this purpose, the locking section 18 comes into contact with the locking stop 19 over part of its circumference, so that the locking ring 16 is prevented from moving in the direction towards the closed position.
The locking mechanism further comprises a housing 21 in which the locking ring 16 is radially adjustably received. The housing 21 forms a receiving space 22 in which the locking ring 16 is guided. The receiving space 22 is annular in shape and is bounded by an outer sleeve-like outer wall 23 and two circular side walls 24, 25, the receiving space 22 being open radially inwardly. The internal spacing between the two side walls 24, 25 is such that the locking ring 16 is not axially adjustable relative to the housing 21, although there may be a slight axial clearance to allow easy radial adjustment transverse to the longitudinal axis. The locking ring 16 is thus received in the housing 21 in an axially non-displaceable and radially displaceable manner.
The housing 21 further includes a spring receiving section 26 in which a compression spring 27 is received as a first spring means. The spring receiving section 26 immediately adjoins the receiving space 22 and is arranged on the side of the receiving space 22 facing away from the joint yoke 6. The spring receiving section 26 is formed by a sleeve-shaped outer wall 28 and a circular side wall 29 projecting radially inwardly from the outer wall 28.
By means of the compression spring 27, the locking ring 16 is spring-loaded in the direction towards its closed position. For this purpose, the compression spring 27 is supported axially on the inside against the side wall 29 of the spring receiving section 26 on the one hand and against a shoulder 30 of the coupling sleeve 7 on the other hand. Thus, force is applied to the housing 21 away from the joint yoke 6 to a position corresponding to the closed position of the locking ring 16. In this position, the housing 21 is axially supported via the side wall 29 of the spring receiving section 26 against a securing stop 39 in the form of a retaining ring arranged in a groove 40 of the coupling sleeve 7. Since the locking ring 16 is arranged axially non-displaceable in the receiving space 22, the locking ring 16 is also axially displaced via the housing 21. The compression spring 27 thus ensures that the locking ring 16 is securely held in its closed position.
In the embodiment shown, the compression spring 27 is indirectly supported against the shoulder 30 via a spring guide element 31. The spring guide element 31 has a sleeve section 32 which is pushed onto the coupling sleeve 7. At an end facing the joint yoke 6, the spring guide element 31 has an thrust support 33 in the form of a circular wall extending radially outwardly from the sleeve section 32. The compression spring 27 is axially supported against the thrust support 33, and the spring guide element 31 is axially supported against the shoulder 30 of the coupling sleeve 7 via the thrust support 33. The thrust support 33 merges into a guide section 34, which serves as a guiding element of the locking mechanism. The guide section 34 is sleeve-shaped and axially overlapping and coaxial with the sleeve section 32. The outer wall 28 of the spring receiving section 26 of the housing 21 is axially guided on the guide section 34, the sleeve-shaped design of the guide section 34 preventing the housing 21 from tilting transverse to the longitudinal axis L. Tilting is further prevented by the side wall 29 of the spring receiving section 26 being guided on the sleeve section 32 of the spring guide element 31. Thus, the housing 21 is securely guided in an axially spaced manner over the side wall 29 of the spring receiving section 26 and the guide section 34 of the spring guide element 31.
Alternatively, it is also conceivable that the guide element is provided as a separate component from the spring guide element 31 or is provided without a spring guiding element 31. In this case, the guiding element can, for example, be L-shaped or U-shaped in longitudinal section with a sleeve-shaped guide section.
A sleeve-shaped support section 35 is further provided on the housing 21 for guiding the housing 21, which is arranged on the side wall 25 facing the joint yoke 6. The support section 35 is axially adjustably guided on a guide surface 41 of the coupling sleeve 7 and serves to further support and prevent tilting of the housing 21, in particular when the housing 21 is in a position corresponding to the open position of the locking ring 16, in which the thrust support 33 and the side wall 29 of the spring receiving section 26 are axially close to each other and thus have less effect against tilting. In this position of the housing 21, the support section 35 is supported on the guide surface 41 of the coupling sleeve 7 on a side of the outer circumferential groove 20 facing the joint yoke 6.
The locking mechanism further includes a leaf spring 36 as a second spring means. The leaf spring 36 biases the locking ring 16 in the direction to assume its eccentric position. For this purpose, the leaf spring 36 is arranged in the receiving space 22 between the outer wall 23 of the receiving space 22 and the locking ring 16. The leaf spring 36 extends around a portion of the circumference of the locking ring 16 and has a smaller curvature than an outer circumferential surface of the locking ring 16. Thus, the leaf spring 36 is supported radially outward at its free ends against the outer wall 23 of the receiving space 22 and is supported inwardly against the locking ring 16 in a central region between the two free ends and biases the locking ring toward the eccentric position, as shown in
To connect the coupling sleeve 7 to the shaft 9, the locking mechanism can be in the position shown in
In this locked open position of the locking ring 16, the coupling sleeve 7 can be pushed onto the shaft 9 or, conversely, the shaft 9 can be pushed into the receptacle 8 of the coupling sleeve 7. The shaft 9 has a central end face 37 at a free end of the shaft 9. The end surface 37 merges radially outwards into slanted surfaces 38, which are arranged on a conical envelope. In other words, the slanted surfaces 38 are arranged at an angle to the longitudinal axis L. When the shaft 9 is pushed into the receptacle 8, the switching locking element 14 is pressed radially outward by one of the slanted surfaces 38 until the switching locking element 14 is fully inserted radially outward into the aperture 13. This presses the switching locking element 14 radially outward against the spring force of the leaf spring 36, so that the locking ring 16 is transferred from its eccentric position to its centered position as shown in
As the shaft 9 is further inserted into the receptacle 8, the circumferential groove 12 of the shaft 9 comes into overlap with the apertures 13 and the locking elements 14. In this position (
To release the coupling sleeve 7 from the shaft 9, the housing 21 is again displaced in the direction towards the joint yoke 6 until the locking section 18 of the locking ring 16 is aligned with the outer circumferential groove 20 of the coupling sleeve 7 and the locking ring 16 engages radially in the outer circumferential groove 20 and is locked against the locking stop 19 after the housing 21 is released. In this position, the shaft 9 can be pulled out of the receptacle 8. Here, the switching locking element 14 is pressed radially outward into the aperture 13 by the outer contour of the shaft 9 until this radially transfers the actuating section 17 and thus the locking ring 16 into the centered position. The shaft 9 is then again in a position as shown in
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22172259.8 | May 2022 | EP | regional |
