Patent Grant
9976407
This application claims the benefit of U.K. Appl. GB 1316194.8, filed 11 Sep. 2013.
The present disclosure relates to a downhole logging tool and a method of its use.
As is well known, prospecting for minerals, hydrocarbons such as oil and gas, and other natural resources of commercial value is economically an extremely important activity. For various reasons those wishing to extract resources from below the surface of the ground or the floor of an ocean need to acquire as much information as possible about both the potential commercial worth of the natural resources in a geological formation and also any difficulties that may arise in extracting them to surface locations at which they may be used.
Techniques of logging of subterranean formations have developed for the purpose of establishing, with as much accuracy as possible, information as outlined above both before extraction activities commence and also while they are taking place.
During drilling operations, a surface hole is drilled to a location near where the prospective resource is located. The boreholes used for the purpose explained above may extend for several thousands or tens of thousands of meters from a surface location.
A drill pipe is typically a hollow, thick-walled, steel piping used on drilling rigs to facilitate the drilling of a borehole/wellbore. The pipe consists of numerous pieces screwed one to another. Each piece of drill pipe is approximately ten meters long. Usually a piece has external male threads at one end and female threads in the internal diameter of the other end. The male threads of one piece engage with the female threads of another piece, thereby joining the pieces of drill pipe together.
Normally while borehole drilling is carried out, a string of compound pieces of drill pipe is used in order to drive a rotatable drill bit mounted at the end of the pipe in contact with the ground.
As the drill bit works its way down into the ground and the borehole length increases, the drill pipe is sequentially extended by adding a new piece of drill pipe at a time to its upper end. As a result long lengths of drill pipe may be inserted into boreholes as they are formed.
Broadly stated, logging involves inserting a logging tool, also known as a sonde, into a borehole or other feature penetrating a formation under investigation; and using the sonde to energise the material of the rock, etc., surrounding the borehole in some way. Passage of the energy through the rock alters its character. The sonde or another tool associated with it that is capable of detecting energy is intended then to receive emitted energy that has passed through the various components in the rock before being recorded by the logging tool.
Typically the logging tool is formed as an elongated, rigid cylinder that may be e.g. one to five meters long.
A wireline, as is well known in the art, is an armoured cable that may be used for the purposes of lowering a logging tool into the borehole, or supporting the tool while it is being withdrawn upwardly along a borehole or well during logging. The logging tool is located at the end of the wireline. Logging measurements are in one known method taken by lowering the wireline to the prescribed depth and then raising it out of the well while operating the logging tool. Wireline is capable of electronically telemetering data from various types of logging tool from downhole to surface locations; and also of sending electronic commands to connected downhole equipment. In some situations however it is not possible or desirable to maintain the wireline connected to the logging tool following deployment of the latter.
Wireline drop-off is a conveyance system that allows for openhole data acquisition while tripping (i.e. the act of pulling the drill pipe out of the hole or replacing it in the hole). In this conveyance technique shown partially in
When drilling has reached total depth (the planned end of the well measured by the length of pipe required to reach the bottom), for example, the wireline 30 is released into the drill pipe 40. Typically there is a landing ring 42 in the internal wall of the drill pipe 40, located near the mouth of the final (i.e. most downhole) piece of drill pipe 40, which receives a landing collar 22 located on and protruding outwardly from the tool 10′. The engagement of the landing ring 42 and collar 22 secures the tool 10′ and pipe 40 one to another. When this engagement has occurred, the wireline 30 is removed from the well.
The result of this sequence is that part of the logging tool 10′ protrudes beyond the end of the drill pipe 40 and therefore is exposed in a way that permits logging of the formation. A further part of the logging tool 10′ remains inside the drill pipe 40 and defines the described landing collar connection to the drill pipe 40.
To withdraw the drill pipe 40, the pieces of drill pipe 40 at the surface are unscrewed one by one from each other to separate them. As a result the drill pipe 40 is gradually withdrawn from the borehole B. A dropped-off logging tool 10′, therefore, moves towards the surface with the pipe 40, taking records (well logs) of the formation F along the way.
Each time a piece of drill pipe 40 is to be removed from the upper end, the withdrawal operation is interrupted while unscrewing of the drill pipe 40 takes place.
Because drillers often use high-torque couplings to prevent the pieces of drill pipe 40 from coming unscrewed downhole, the pieces may become stuck to each other making it difficult for them to be separated.
The protruding nature of the landing collar 22 on the tool 10′ may prevent it from entering drill pipes 40 having a small internal diameter.
The current wireline drop-off technique only enables the tool 10′ to log the openhole beyond the landing collar 22 into which the tool 10′ protrudes. This limits the length of the openhole where formation data could be acquired. It would however be desirable to log openhole that is well beyond the end of the drill pipe 40.
Moreover, if it is realised that part-way through the drill pipe 40 withdrawal process some parts of the formation F have not been logged, the tool 10′ cannot be disengaged from the drill pipe 40 to be lowered while the pipe 40 is downhole. The drill pipe 40 must be removed and the whole operation needs to be repeated to obtain any desired missing logs. This again adds to operation costs.
Typically during the drop-off deployment using the techniques of
The tool 10′ is secured in this position and the wireline (30) disconnected from its uphole end. The wireline 30 is then withdrawn entirely from the drill pipe 40. Step by step withdrawal of the drill pipe 40 as described above then permits logging of the borehole B to take place, using on-board battery and memory M of the tool 10′.
However, on occasions, the tool 10′ may fail to log sections of the borehole B. Using the prior art arrangement of
Thereafter, it is necessary to repeat the tool drop-off steps in order to deploy the tool 10′, whereafter it becomes possible to log the missed portions.
This sequence is so time-consuming as to render it uneconomic in many cases. Moreover, the described technique results in the tool 10′ passing some parts of the borehole B twice during repeated runs. This is inefficient.
The subject matter of the present disclosure aims to solves one or more problems that exist in the prior art.
According to the present disclosure in a first aspect there is provided a logging tool or logging tool sub (e.g., logging apparatus) for downhole use comprising an elongate cylindrical body having supported thereby one or more movable landing extensions that are movable between at least a first extended position in which part of each said movable landing extension protrudes beyond the exterior of the cylindrical body so as to define one or more exposed landing surfaces that are engageable with one or more landing surfaces of a further component; and a retracted position in which each said movable landing extension protrudes externally of the cylindrical body no further than the exterior thereof.
Having movable retractable landing extensions enables the tool to become engaged with a landing surface, if so desired, or allows the tool to go beyond a drill pipe landing ring, into openhole. Moreover since the members do not extend beyond the external cylindrical body in the retracted position, the overall external diameter of the logging tool is smaller than in prior art tools having permanently protruding landing parts. This therefore allows the tool to enter drill pipes that have a small diameter.
Preferably the or each movable landing extension is movable to a further extended position in which part of each said movable landing extension protrudes further beyond the exterior of the cylindrical body.
Further preferably each said movable landing extension includes an elongate arm that extends from the cylindrical body, that is secured at a first location to the cylindrical body and that defines one or more said exposed landing surfaces at a further location that is spaced from the first location, the orientation of the one or more exposed landing surfaces causing the arm to be subject to compression between the first and second locations on engagement of the one or more landing surfaces with one or more landing surfaces of a further component.
Such an arrangement is reliable and robust in use.
Conveniently each respective movable landing extension is pivotally secured to the cylindrical body at the first location. The pivotal attachment may be achieved through use of a pivot pin, which is known to be a strong type of movable fastening.
It is further preferable that the cylindrical body includes a respective recess within which a said movable landing extension is receivable when in its retracted position.
The recess allows placing of the landing extension neatly within the tool body when not deployed.
Preferably the tool includes a pivot pin, to which a said movable landing extension is pivotally secured, extending inside each respective recess.
Locating the pivot pins inside the recesses helps to protect the fastening of the movable landing extensions to the cylindrical body against harsh downhole environments.
In preferred embodiments of the disclosed apparatus, the cylindrical body includes a hollow interior; and at least one said recess includes a perforation permitting communication between the hollow interior and a said movable landing extension.
The hollow interior enables the tool to house an actuator. The advantages of such an actuator are outlined below.
As mentioned, preferably the logging tool or logging tool sub includes a movable actuator member in the hollow interior of the cylindrical member, the movable actuator member being engageable with at least one said movable landing extension via a said perforation, movement of the movable actuator member in a predetermined direction in the hollow interior when engaged with a said movable landing extension causing movement of the movable landing extension from the retracted to at least the first extended position.
Such an arrangement is simple to operate, and avoids the use of actuator elements that lie externally of the cylindrical body. Thus the actuator arrangement is protected against the downhole environment. Also the exterior dimensions of the logging tool are kept as compact as possible.
Conveniently in preferred embodiments of the disclosed apparatus, the cylindrical body includes at least one reaction surface against which a bearing part of a said movable landing extension bears when in the extended position, the locations of the reaction surface and bearing part being such that engagement of the exposed landing surface with a landing surface of a further component causes pressing of the bearing surface and the reaction surface together so as to stabilise the movable landing extension in at least the first extended position.
A preferred embodiment of the present disclosure has three said movable landing extensions supported at equiangular spacings about a circumference of the cylindrical body.
The inventors have found it desirable to have three movable landing extensions but the disclosed apparatus is not limited to this number. More or fewer or arrays of movable landing extensions therefore may be employed, in regular or irregular patterns.
Further preferably the circumference is so located and the movable landing extensions are of such a length that on engagement of the one or more exposed landing surfaces with one or more landing surfaces of a further component at least part of the logging tool may extend beyond the one or more landing surfaces of the further component on the opposite side thereof to that on which the one or movable landing surfaces are located.
Preferred embodiments of the disclosed apparatus include one or more on-board memory and one or more on-board power source operatively connected to one or more transmitters and/or receivers of logging energy.
Some advantages of such self-powered logging tools are known per se. The logging tool of the present disclosure when configured as a self-powered tool for the first time permits a logging or conveyance engineer to carry out an enhanced tool drop-off method, in which the tool may be selectively caused to travel out of the drill pipe supported on wireline for logging of open hole regions of the borehole, and also, at a different time, be secured using landing components in a manner partly protruding from drill pipe. In the latter configuration the wireline is disconnected and the tool relies on its on-board power source and memory.
The subject matter of the present disclosure is considered to reside in a logging tool as defined herein when inside a hollow drillpipe that includes a landing ring defining a said landing surface of a further component.
Disclosed is a logging tool or logging tool sub (e.g., logging apparatus) for downhole use comprising an elongate cylindrical body having one or more landing surfaces that are engageable with one or more movable landing extensions attached to a further component, wherein each movable landing extension is movable between at least one extended position and a retracted position.
The subject matter of the present disclosure also resides in a method of using the logging tool as defined herein, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
It is preferable if the method further includes the steps of:
Further preferably Step g. includes using the on-board memory and the on-board power source.
The drill pipe could be a conventional drill pipe or a “narrow diameter” drill pipe, the meaning of which would be known to the person of skill in the art.
When the logging tool or logging tool sub includes landing extensions that are movable to a further extended position, preferably the method includes one or more of the steps of:
The foregoing summary is not intended to summarize each potential embodiment or every aspect of the present disclosure.
There now follows a description of preferred embodiments of the present disclosure, by way of non-limiting example, with reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
Referring to
The cylindrical body 11 of the logging tool 10 supports in the illustrated embodiment three movable landing extensions in the form of pivotably deployable arms 12 secured on the exterior of the cylindrical body 11 in the manner described below.
In the preferred embodiment of the present disclosure shown in
However other numbers and patterns of the arms 12 are possible within the scope of the present disclosure. It is not essential that the arms are equiangularly spaced about a circumference of the tool 10, or indeed that they are secured at a common circumference. Indeed various irregular patterns of the arms 12 are possible but the regular arrangement shown is preferred because (a) it permits even accommodation of forces when, as described below, the arms 12 engage a drill pipe landing ring; and (b) landing of the tool may be effected reliably and repeatably.
In the preferred embodiment the arms 12 lie near to the in-use uphole end of the logging tool 10 so that a major part of the length of the tool 10 extends in a downhole direction from the circumference at which the arms 12 are secured. This feature is of benefit when deploying the tool 10 in a drop-off manner so that part of the tool protrudes beyond the open end of drill pipe in a borehole.
The arms are elongate, essentially rectangular members that extend parallel to the longitudinal axis of the logging tool. As shown in
At its in-use uphole end, each recess 13 includes secured therein a transversely extending pivot pin 14 that extends across the recess from one major side to the other, opposite side.
Each pivot pin 14 perforates one of the arms 12 near its uphole end and retains it pivotably captive relative to the cylindrical body 11. The dimensions of the parts are such that the arms 12 may pivot between the retracted position of
In the latter configuration the uphole ends of the arms 12 retract slightly into the associated recesses as a result of pivoting about the pivot pins; and the downhole ends protrude noticeably beyond the exterior of the cylindrical body.
The in use most downhole ends of the arms 12 are formed as reaction surfaces 16 that are engageable with drill pipe landing rings of conventional designs, as further described below.
The nature of the pivoting of the arms 12 is such that in the configuration shown in
As illustrated the pivot pins 14 are secured in chord bores 17 formed in the material of cylindrical body 11. Each pivot pin may be e.g. a press fit at either end in a pair of such chord bores, so that the pivot pin spans the recess in which it is fixed from one major side to the other. However other methods of securing the pins are possible within the scope of the present disclosure.
As shown somewhat schematically in
The parts of the arms 12 adjacent the perforations 15, and/or the actuator member 25, may include one or more cam or similar actuator surfaces. As a result, movement of the actuator member 25 along interior 18 may cause engagement of the cams to make the arms 12 as desired move between the configurations shown respectively in
In particular, the arrangement could be such that driving of the actuator member 25 in a downward direction can cause movement of the arms 13 to the
The tool/sub 10 preferably includes an on-board power source and an on-board memory device that are operatively connected in per se known ways associated with self-powered logging tools. These features are of benefit when operating the tool/sub in accordance with a preferred method as described below.
As noted
The logging tool 10 of the present disclosure, however, permits deployment in new ways that have not been available in the prior art.
Using the apparatus of the present disclosure, a much more efficient technique is possible than found in the prior art as seen in
The tool 10 may then log the missed regions in open hole before being withdrawn on the wireline (30) partially back inside the drill pipe 40 (until the arms 12 again lie uphole of the landing ring 21). At such a time the wireline (30) may be used to telemeter the log data to a surface location where they are processed.
The wireline (30) or other activation means then may command the actuator to cause deployment of the arms 12 to the extended position of
This method saves considerable time compared with the prior art, and renders economic the re-logging of missed parts of wells and other boreholes.
A variation on the method of the present disclosure described above involves maintaining the arms 12 in the retracted position when the tool 10 first passes along the drill pipe 40. The tool 10 as a first step therefore may be caused to exit the drill pipe 40 into openhole and carry out logging operations. The log data at this time would be transmitted to a surface location using the wireline (30), which at this point remains connected.
Following completion of such operations the tool 10 may then be pulled on the wireline (30) back inside the drill pipe 40 to its dropped off position, at which point the arms 12 may be deployed under commands transmitted by the wireline (30) or other activation means and the wireline disconnected and withdrawn after landing of the arms 12 on the landing ring 21. Thereafter drop off logging may take place.
Other activation means, as mentioned in the foregoing paragraphs, may include the use of magnets or RFID technology.
As noted the free ends of the arms 12 are shaped to facilitate engagement with the landing ring 21. Other shapes than those shown are possible within the scope of the present disclosure.
The arms 12 preferably are relatively squat in order to assist in resisting the compressive forces that they primarily have to withstand.
The listing or discussion of an apparently prior-published document in this specification should not necessarily be taken as an acknowledgement that the document is part of the state of the art or is common general knowledge.
The foregoing description of preferred and other embodiments is not intended to limit or restrict the scope or applicability of the inventive concepts conceived of by the Applicants. It will be appreciated with the benefit of the present disclosure that features described above in accordance with any embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter can be utilized, either alone or in combination, with any other described feature, in any other embodiment or aspect of the disclosed subject matter.
In exchange for disclosing the inventive concepts contained herein, the Applicants desire all patent rights afforded by the appended claims. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims include all modifications and alterations to the full extent that they come within the scope of the following claims or the equivalents thereof.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1316194.8 | Sep 2013 | GB | national |
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 3685158 | Planche | Aug 1972 | A |
| 4926937 | Hademenos | May 1990 | A |
| 5044437 | Wittrisch | Sep 1991 | A |
| 20050263280 | Sellers et al. | Dec 2005 | A1 |
| 20090071659 | Spencer et al. | Mar 2009 | A1 |
| 20110277990 | Kotsonis et al. | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20120298378 | McCauley et al. | Nov 2012 | A1 |
| 20130104641 | Samworth et al. | May 2013 | A1 |
| 20150337643 | Leach | Nov 2015 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 203362080 | Dec 2013 | CN |
| 103541666 | Jan 2014 | CN |
| 2300870 | Nov 1996 | GB |
| 2334046 | Aug 1999 | GB |
| 2013133890 | Sep 2013 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| Search Report received in corresponding GB application No. GB1316194.8, dated Feb. 14, 2014, 3 pages. |
| Examination Report received in corresponding Great Britain application No. GB1423205.2, dated Mar. 2, 2015, 8 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20150068737 A1 | Mar 2015 | US |
