Patent Grant
11622929
Polyurethanes and polyurethane-ureas are a well-known class of synthetic polymers with broad utility in multiple industries. This versatility is derived from the ability to prepare polyurethanes from a large and diverse set of potential monomers. These diverse monomer options allow the realization of an equally diverse set of physical properties. Hence, the resulting polyurethanes can be in many different forms including e.g., soft foams, elastomers, adhesive films, or hard plastics, and can be used in many different types of products including bedding, foot wear, adhesives, and automobile parts.
Among these many forms of polyurethanes, waterborne polyurethanes (WBPUs) and polyurethane-ureas (WBPU-Us) have been used as film forming agents in commercially available personal care products. When used as hair fixatives, these film forming polymers provide style-holding benefits. One such commercial product is Luviset® P.U.R. (BASF), which includes polyurethane-1, which is a copolymer consisting of isophthalic acid, adipic acid, hexylene glycol, neopentyl glycol, dimethylolpropanoic acid, and isophorone diisocyanate monomers (see SOFW Journal, Volume 126, Issue 11, Pages 26, 28, 30-32, 34, 2000). DynamX® and DynamX® H2O (AkzoNobel) include a Polyurethane-14 AMP-acrylate copolymer. Polyurethane-14 is a copolymer of polypropolene glycol, dimethylolpropanoic acid, a rigid diol, an amine-terminated polyether, and isophorone diisocyanate monomers (see Cosmetics & Toiletries magazine, Vol. 118, No. 1, p. 49-56, January 2003). Avalure® UR 405 (Lubrizol) includes polyurethane-2, which is a copolymer of hexanedioic acid, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,1′-methylenebis[4-isocyanatobenzene], 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, and 2,2-dimethylpropanoic acid. Baycusan® 1004 (Polyurethane-35, which is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1-6 HDI, NPG, dicyclohe xylmethane diisocyanate, EDA, and N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminoethanesulphonic acid, sodium salt) and Baycusan® 1008 (Polyurethane-48, which is a copolymer of adipic acid, 1-6 HDI, NPG, IPDI, IPDA, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminoethanesulpho nic acid, sodium salt) are two products from Bayer Material Science LLC. Polyderm PE-PA ED (Alzo) includes Polyurethane-58.
The problem with the use of WBPUs and WBPU-Us for consumer-based cosmetic products has been the lack of performance and overall consistency in application. For example, common polyurethane products such as Luviset® P.U.R, DynamX, and DynamX H2O lack elasticity. This leads to an undesirable stiff feeling when applied to hair. Avalure UR 405, Baycusan C1004, Baycusan C1008, and Polyderm PE/PA ED, however, are very flexible (i.e., do not lack elasticity). Yet these products have poor initial curl hold and elicit a gummy feeling. Other problems associated with the use of WBPUs and WBPU-Us include, but are not limited to, flaking upon touching or combing (e.g., dusty micro-flakes shown on hair fibers); undesirable tactile feelings upon touch (e.g., brittle, stiff, or tacky, gummy); poor humidity resistance (e.g., styling resins absorb moisture and weigh down hair resulting in a loss of style); lack of movement (e.g., plastic-like mold shape; hair curls don't move with motion; can't easily comb through; gummy; lack of bounciness); and short-lived hair styles (e.g., hair styles, curls, waves, etc. don't last long—on average styles typically last less than a half day).
What the cosmetic community has been lacking is the existence of selection markers to determine which polyurethanes would result in improved cosmetic performance, and compositions having features within those selection markers which consistency elicit improved performance. Thus identifying selection markers, which when followed affords cosmetic compositions with favorable properties (e.g., long lasting, moisture-resistant hold, and affirmative sensory attributes) solves what has been plaguing the cosmetic industry for years, that is, the need for correlation between the use of certain WBPUs and WBPU-Us and high performance cosmetic products.
A specific combination of selection markers for WBPU and WBPU-U have now been found that result in cosmetic compositions (e.g., hair fixatives) which have substantially improved performance. This finding overcomes the earlier inconsistencies and flaws associated with commercial polyurethane based products, and provides a solution to the long standing problem of identifying those markers that result in e.g., long lasting, moisture-resistant hold, and favorable sensory attributes. See e.g., the comparative data at Tables 3-6. Such markers include e.g., the mechanical and chemical properties described herein.
Cosmetic compositions comprising WBPUs or WBPU-Us, and which optionally comprise the identified selection markers, are also provided. Compositions operating within the disclosed selection markers were shown to have superior curl shape and sensory attributes under humid conditions when compared to commercially available WBPUs and WBPU-Us. See e.g., Tables 5 and 6.
Further provided are cosmetic compositions comprising WBPU or WBPU-U, together with certain performance-enhancing lipids (e.g., oils). It has been discovered that sensory and tactile attributes associated with a WBPU or WBPU-U hair resin can be modulated with certain performance-enhancing lipids (e.g., oils).
The compositions described herein were shown to provide outstanding results in vivo. See e.g.,
1. Definitions
The term “alkyl” refers to a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group. C1-C 6 alkyl is an alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. An alkyl may be linear or branched. Examples of alkyl groups include methyl; ethyl; propyl, including n-propyl and isopropyl; butyl, including n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, and t-butyl; pentyl, including, for example, n-pentyl, isopentyl, and neopentyl; and hexyl, including, for example, n-hexyl and 2-methylpentyl.
Unless otherwise specified, “alkylene” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to a saturated straight-chain or branched divalent group having the stated number of carbon atoms and derived from the removal of two hydrogen atoms from the corresponding alkane. Examples of straight chained and branched alkylene groups include —CH2—(methylene), —CH2—CH2—(ethylene), —CH2—CH2—CH2—(propylene), —C(CH3)2—, —CH2—CH(CH3)—, —CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—, —CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—CH2—(pentylene), —CH2—CH(CH3)—CH2—, and —CH2—C(CH3)2—CH2—.
The term “cycloalkyl” refers to a monocyclic or bicyclic monovalent saturated or non-aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbon ring system. The term “C3-C10 cycloalkyl” refers to a cycloalkyl wherein the number of ring carbon atoms is from 3 to 10. Examples of C3-C10 cycloalkyl include C3-C6 cycloalkyl. Bicyclic ring systems include fused, bridged, and spirocyclic ring systems. More particular examples of cycloalkyl groups include, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, cis- and trans-decalinyl, norbornyl, and spiro[4.5]decanyl.
“Aryl” by itself or as part of another substituent refers to a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having the stated number of carbon atoms (i.e., C5-C14 means from 5 to 14 carbon atoms). Typical aryl groups include, but are not limited to, groups derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, coronene, fluoranthene, fluorene, hexacene, hexaphene, hexylene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, octacene, octophene, octalene, ovalene, penta-2,4-diene, pentacene, pentalene, pentaphene, perylene, phenalene, phenanthrene, picene, pleiadene, pyrene, pyranthrene, rubicene, triphenylene, trinaphthylene, and the like. In a specific embodiment, the aryl group is phenyl or naphthyl.
A “resin” is a polymer that can be used to coat hair and is not limited by physical form (e.g., it can be in solid or liquid form).
A “film” is a resin in solid physical form.
A “polyurethane-urea polymer” refers to a polymer comprising a —O—C(O)—NR2- and a —NR2—C(O)—NR2-linkage. In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea polymer is a thermoplastic polyurethane comprising low polarity segments (called soft segments) alternating with high polarity segments (called hard segments).
“Young's modulus (or the modulus of elasticity, tensile modulus)” is a measure of the stiffness of a solid polymer film. Young's modulus, E, can be calculated by dividing the tensile stress by the extensional strain in the elastic (initial, linear) portion of the stress-strain curve. The Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea can be determined by a protocol defined to measure mechanical properties, and is developed in reference to ASTM D638, ASTM D412, test guidelines as described below in Example 2.
The “elongation at break (also known as fracture strain, ultimate elongation)” is the ratio between changed length and initial length after breakage of the solid polymer film. The elongation at break of the polyurethane-urea can be determined by a protocol defined to measure mechanical properties, and is developed in reference to ASTM D638, ASTM D412, test guidelines as described below in Example 2.
The “moisture uptake” is the measure of water absorbed by the solid polymer film. The method for determining the moisture uptake of the solid polymer film is provided in Example 3.
“The high humidity mechanical stress test” is a method for evaluating the performance of a hair fixative by applying the fixative to a hair tress hanging the tress under 75% relative humidity at 25° C. for 15 minutes and then mechanically manipulating the tress by extending the tress to its original length, holding for 1 second, and releasing. Tress length recorded at after the controlled pull. The protocol is describes in the Example section as Method VY-HM.
“Sensory Score” is determined by the performance of the hair fixative in Method VY-S as described in Example 4. In particular, the tress with the resin dispersion applied is blow dried for 90 seconds. The tresses are prepared in duplicate and blinded randomly and evaluated for natural feeling and overall sensory attributes on a scale of −2 to 2 by trained sensory analysts under blinded conditions. Sensory analysts are licensed hair stylists and cosmetic scientists with significant long-term experience evaluating sensory attributes of hair. Sensory analysts assign a score of −2 to tresses deemed entirely undesirable, a score of +2 to entirely soft, natural feeling and appearing hair, and intermediate scores between these two extremes.
A “particle” refers to a hydrophobic polymer aggregate formed in response to dispersion in water.
A “performance-enhancing lipid” includes a lipid (e.g., an oil) that, when included with the polyurethane-urea improves the properties of the polyurethane-urea. For example, inclusion of the performance-enhancing lipid may reduce the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea, or may improve the sensory properties of the polyurethane-urea with regarding to look and feel of the polyurethane-urea when applied to hair.
The term “lipid” refers to organic compounds which comprise fatty acids or fatty acid derivatives, and are primarily insoluble in water. Lipids include e.g., fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoclycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, oils, and the like. Lipids may be both liquid or solid at ambient temperature (25° C.) and atmospheric pressure (760 mmHg, i.e. 105 Pa). In one aspect, the lipids described herein are non-volatile oil, where non-volatile refers to, in one aspect, a fatty substance that remains on the skin or the keratin fiber at ambient temperature and atmospheric pressure for at least several hours. In one aspect, non-volatile oils also comprise a vapor pressure of less than 10″3 mmHg (0.13 Pa). In one aspect, oils may be chosen from mineral, animal, plant or synthetic oils. Examples include, but are not limited to fragrance oils, emollients, monoterpenoids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty ethers, fluorinated small molecules (e.g., perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, perfluoromethyldecalin, and perfluoroperhydrobenzyltetralin), and mixtures thereof.
As used herein, “associated with” in the context of the polyurethane-urea and performance-enhancing lipid complex described herein refers to the interaction of the polyurethane-urea and performance-enhancing lipid. The interaction may involve electrostatic interactions or hydrogen bonding between the polyurethane-urea and the performance-enhancing lipid. Association of the lipid with the polyurethane-urea is driven by its energetically favorable interaction with the organic polymer, as opposed to an energetically unfavorable interaction with water.
A “polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex” comprises a polyurethane-urea and a performance-enhancing lipid (e.g., an oil) in which the performance-enhancing lipid is associated with the polyurethane-urea via non-covalent interactions. In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex are thermoplastic self-assembled polymer architectures in aqueous medium. Accordingly, the polyurethane-urea does not form a capsule. Furthermore, in at least one embodiment, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is prepared by adding the performance-enhancing lipid to the prepolymer prior to the chain extension step or, alternatively, the performance-enhancing lipid is added following dispersion of the polyurethane-urea into water and, the chain extension step, but prior to removal of the organic solvent. Accordingly, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is not an emulsion. In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipidcomplex is a unitary complex.
As used herein, “unitary complex” refers to unique morphology of the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex shown by e.g., by
“Fragrance oils” are synthetic or natural oils, which comprise aroma compounds, i.e., those having a smell or odor. Fragrance oils include, but not limited to, cinnamon, cascarilla, rose, jasmine, osmanthus, plumeria, mimosa, tuberose, narcissus, scented gernaium, cassie, ambrette, juniper berry, vanilla, sage, violets, rosemary, myrrh, balsam of Peru, ginger root, cardamom, sandalwood, rosewood, pine, cedar, juniper, orchids, ambergris, civet, hyraceum, honeycomb, musk, ambergris, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, phenyl ethyl alcohol, farnesol, stearoptene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, camphene, β-caryophyllene, neral, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate, eugenol, methyl eugenol, rose oxide, α-damascenone, β-damascenone, damascones, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, rhodinyl acetate and phenyl ethyl formate.
“Monoterpenes” are a class of terpenes that consist of two isoprene units and have the molecular formula C10HxOy, where x is ≤22, and y is between 0 and 2. Monoterpenes may be linear (acyclic) or contain rings. Representative monoterpens include menthol, isoborneol, geraniol, terpineol, limonene, myrcene, linalool, pinene, and iridoids.
A “Fatty Alcohol” is hydrocarbons that include a primary alcohol. A hydrocarbon includes only hydrogen and carbon and can be saturated or unsaturated. For example, the fatty alcohol may include from 3 to 40 carbons, from 4 to 36 carbon, from 5 to 30 carbons, from 8 to 25 carbon, from 12 to 20 carbons. Representative fatty alcohols include tent-Butyl alcohol, tent-Amyl alcohol, 3-Methyl-3-pentanol, Ethchlorvynol, 1-Octanol, Pelargonic alcohol, 1-Decanol (decyl alcohol, capric alcohol), Undecyl alcohol (1-undecanol, undecanol, Hendecanol), Lauryl alcohol (Dodecanol, 1-dodecanol), Tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol, tridecanol, isotridecanol), Myristyl alcohol (1-tetradecanol), Pentadecyl alcohol (1-pentadecanol, pentadecanol), Cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol), Palmitoleyl alcohol (cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol), Heptadecyl alcohol (1-n-heptadecanol, heptadecanol), Stearyl alcohol (1- octadecanol), Oleyl alcohol, Nonadecyl alcohol (1-nonadecanol), Arachidyl alcohol (1-eicosanol), Heneicosyl alcohol (1-heneicosanol), Behenyl alcohol (1-docosanol), Erucyl alcohol (cis-13-docosen-1-ol), Lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), Ceryl alcohol (1-hexacosanol), 1-Heptacosanol, Montanyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, or 1-octacosanol, 1-Nonacosanol, Myricyl alcohol, melissyl alcohol, or 1-triacontanol, 1-Dotriacontanol (Lacceryl alcohol), Geddyl alcohol (1-tetratriacontanol), or Cetearyl alcohol.
A “Fatty acid” is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. For example, the fatty acid may include from 3 to 40 carbons, from 4 to 36 carbon, from 5 to 30 carbons, from 8 to 25 carbon, from 12 to 20 carbons. Representative fatty acids include, but are not limited to, Myristoleic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Sapienic acid, Oleic acid, Elaidic acid, Vaccenic acid, Linoleic acid, Linoelaidic acid, α-Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Erucic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Caprylic acid, Capric acid, Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid, Behenic acid, Lignoceric acid, or Cerotic acid.
A “Fatty Ester” is a type of ester that results from the combination of a fatty acid with an alcohol. For example, the fatty ester may include from 3 to 40 carbons, from 4 to 36 carbon, from 5 to 30 carbons, from 8 to 25 carbon, from 12 to 20 carbons. Representative examples include hexyl laurate and glyceryl laurate.
A “Fatty Ether” is a carboxylic acid with a long aliphatic chain, which is either saturated or unsaturated. For example, the fatty ether may include from 3 to 40 carbons, from 4 to 36 carbon, from 5 to 30 carbons, from 8 to 25 carbon, from 12 to 20 carbons. Representative fatty acids include, but are not limited to, dicaprylyl ether.
An “emollient” includes any material that has a softening or smoothing sensory effect, and includes but not limited to fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty esters and fatty ethers.
2. Selection Markers
Provided herein are specific combinations of WBPU and WBPU-U properties that have been found to result in cosmetic compositions (e.g., hair fixatives) having substantially improved performance. Those properties include e.g., a combination of certain mechanical properties, a combination of certain chemical properties, or a combination of both mechanical and chemical properties.
The combination of mechanical properties described herein include the Young's modulus (e.g., above 150 MPa), the elongation at break (e.g., from about 15% to about 300%), and hydrophobicity (moisture uptake, e.g., less than 10%).
In one aspect, the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea should be above about 150 MPa. For example, the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed compositions may be above about 160 MPa, above about 170 MPa, above about 180 MPa, above about 190 MPa, above about 200 MPa, above about 210 MPa, above about 220 MPa, above about 230 MPa, above about 240 MPa, above about 250 MPa, above about 260 MPa, above about 270 MPa, above about 280 MPa, above about 290 MPa, above about 300 MPa, above about 310 MPa, above about 320 MPa, above about 330 MPa, above about 340 MPa, above about 350 MPa, above about 360 MPa, above about 370 MPa, above about 380 MPa, above about 390 MPa, above about 400 MPa, above about 410 MPa, above about 420 MPa, above about 430 MPa, above about 440 MPa, above about 450 MPa, above about 460 MPa, above about 470 MPa, above about 480 MPa, above about 490 MPa, above about 500 MPa, above about 510 MPa, above about 520 MPa, above about 530 MPa, above about 540 MPa, or above 550 MPa. In other aspects, the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea should be between about 150 MPa and about 500 MPa. For example, the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed compositions may be between about 150 MPa and about 400 MPa, between about 170 MPa and about 390 MPa, between about 180 MPa and about 320 MPa, between about 190 MPa and about 300 MPa, between about 200 MPa and about 290 MPa, or between about 210 MPa and about 280 MPa.
In one aspect, the elongation at break of the polyurethane-urea should be from about 15% to about 300%. For example, the elongation at break of the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed composition may be from about 20% to about 300%, from about 40% to about 280%, from about 100% to about 280%, from about 100% to about 250%, from about 150% to about 250%, from about 200% to about 250%, from about 210% to about 250%, about 30 to about 150%, from about 15% to about 150%, from about 150% to about 300%, from about 50 to about 250%; from about 75 to about 225%, or from about 100 to about 200%. The elongation break may be optionally combined with one or more of the Young's modulus values described in the paragraph above or any one of the Young's modulus values described in the remainder of the disclosure.
In one aspect, the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea should be less than about 10%. For example, the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed compositions may be less than about 9.5%, less than about 9%, less than about 8.5%, less than about 8%, less than about 7.5%, less than about 7%, less than about 6.5%, less than about 6%, less than about 5.5%, less than about 5%, less than about 4.5%, less than about 4%, less than about 3.5%, less than about 3%, less than about 2.5%, less than about 2%, less than about 1.5%, less than about 1%, less than about 0.5%, or is about 0%. In one aspect, the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed compositions should be from about 0% to about 10%. For example, the moisture uptake may be from about 0% to about 8%, from about 2% to about 8%, or from about 3% to about 7%. The moisture uptake may be optionally combined with one or more of the Young's modulus values, one or more of the elongation break values, or both as described in the paragraphs above or in the remainder of the disclosure.
As shown in the Exemplification section below, polyurethane-ureas having the Young's modulus, elongation at break, and moisture uptake described above have improved performance (e.g., long lasting, moisture-resistant hold, and favorable sensory attributes).
In addition to the Young's modulus, elongation at break, and moisture uptake, other markers may be used to identify the capability of WBPU and WBPU-U to provide long lasting, moisture-resistant hold hair product with favorable sensory attributes. Such markers include e.g., change in tress length, sensory score, and particle size.
Thus, in certain aspects, the polyurethane-urea may be selected such that the composition, after being applied to a curled hair tress and dried thereon, provides less than about 80% change in tress length as measured by the high humidity mechanical stress test. For example, the polyurethane-urea may be selected such that the composition, after being applied to a curled hair tress and dried thereon, provides less than about 75%, about 70%, about 65%, about 60%, about 55%, about 50%, about 45%, about 40%, about 35%, about 30%, about 25%, about 20%, about 15%, about 10%, about 5%, or about 0% change in tress length as measured by the high humidity mechanical stress test. The change in tress length as described herein may also be combined with any one of the Young's modulus values, elongation at break values, and moisture uptake values described above and herein.
In other aspects, the polyurethane-urea may be selected such that the composition, after being applied to a hair tress and dried thereon, provides a sensory score of at least about 0. For example, the polyurethane-urea in the disclosed compositions may be selected such that the composition, after being applied to a hair tress and dried thereon, provides a sensory score of at least about 0.1, about 0.2, about 0.3, about 0.4, about 0.5, about 0.6, about 0.7, about 0.8, about 0.9, about 1.0, about 1.1, about 1.2, about 1.3, about 1.4, or about 1.5. The sensory score feature as described herein may also be combined with any one of the change in tress length values, the Young's modulus values, the elongation at break values, and the moisture uptake values described above and herein.
In other aspects, the polyurethane-urea may be selected such that the polyurethane-urea dispersed in water forms a polyurethane-urea particle with a particle size of less than about 200 nm. For example, the polyurethane-urea particle formed may have a particle size of less than about 190 nm, less than about 180 nm, less than about 170 nm, less than about 160 nm, less than about 150 nm, less than about 140 nm, less than about 130 nm, less than about 120 nm, less than about 110 nm, less than about 100 nm, less than about 90 nm, less than about 80 nm, less than about 70 nm, less than about 60 nm, less than about 50 nm, or less than about 40 nm. The particle size feature as described herein may be combined with the any one of the sensory score values, the change in tress length values, the Young's modulus values, the elongation at break values, and the moisture uptake values described above and herein.
As shown in the Exemplification section below, polyurethane-ureas having the Young's modulus, elongation at break, and moisture uptake described above, and optionally one of more of the alternative markers (e.g., sensory score, particle size in water, change in tress length, etc.) provide hair styling products that are resistant to mechanical disturbances (e.g., touching of the hair with objects) and moisture changes in the environment, and provide a pleasing sensory impression. See e.g., Tables 5 and 6.
3. Compositions
Provided herein are compositions comprising polyurethane-ureas, wherein the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea is above 150 MPa; the elongation at break of polyurethane-urea is from about 15% to about 300%; and the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea is less than 10%.
In some aspects, the composition, after being applied to a curled hair tress and dried thereon, provides less than 80% change in tress length as measured by the high humidity mechanical stress test.
In other aspects, the composition, after being applied to a hair tress and dried thereon, provides a sensory score of at least 0.
In other aspects, the polyurethane-urea, when dispersed in water, forms a polyurethane-urea particle. In a further aspect, the particle size of the polyurethane-urea particle is less than 200 nm or as described in the selection marker section above. In yet a further aspect, the particle size of the polyurethane-urea particle is less than 200 nm (or as defined in the selection marker section above) and the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea is less than 10%, or as described in the selection marker section above.
In some aspects, the polyurethane-urea in the compositions described herein comprises a soft segment and a hard segment. In some instances, the soft segment is formed from a polyol comprising a polyester, polyether, or polycarbonate or combination of thereof; and the hard segment is formed from a polyisocyanate, an ionic chain extender, and at least one of a non-ionic polyol chain extender and a diamine chain extender. In one aspect, the soft segment is formed from a polyol comprising a polyester and the hard segment is formed from a polyisocyanate, an ionic chain extender, and at least one of a non-ionic polyol chain extender and a diamine chain extender.
In one aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is formed from a dihydric alcohol and an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, or aromatic polycarboxylic acid or polycarboxylic acid anhydride; wherein the polycarboxylic acid is selected from succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, suberic, azelaic, sebacic, nonanedicarboxylic, decanedicarboxylic, terephthalic, isophthalic, o-phthalic, tetrahydrophthalic, hexahydrophthalic and trimellitic acid, and the polycarboxylic acid anhydride is selected from o-phthalic, trimellitic, succinic acid anhydride and a mixture thereof; the dihydric alcohol selected from ethanediol, diethylene, triethylene, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene, tripropylene, tetrapropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6- hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol, and mixtures thereof.
In one aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is a homopolymer or copolymer of lactones obtained by an addition reaction of lactones or lactone mixtures and dihydric alcohols reacted with diaryl, dialkyl or cycloalkyl carbonates; wherein the lactone is selected from butyrolactone, ε-caprolactone and methyl-ε-caprolactone; and the dihydric alcohol is selected from ethanediol, diethylene, triethylene, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene, tripropylene, tetrapropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol or mixtures thereof. In another aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is polycaprolactonediol.
In one aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is formed from a polyether polyol. In another aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is formed from the reaction of water, dihydric alcohols selected from ethanediol, diethylene, triethylene, tetraethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, dipropylene, tripropylene, tetrapropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,4-dihydroxycyclohexane, 1,4-dimethylolcyclohexane, 1,8-octanediol, 1,10-decanediol, 1,12-dodecanediol and mixtures thereof with alkylene oxides selected from ethylene oxide; propylene oxide; butylene oxide; styrene oxide; tetrahydrofuran or epichlorohydrin and with mixtures of these alkylene oxides.
In one aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is formed is formed from a polycarbonate polyol. In another aspect, the polyol comprises a polycarbonate obtained from the reaction of one or more diols with one or more diarylcarbonates, dialkylcarbonates or cycloalkylcarbonates. The diol may be selected from (1,3)-propanediol, (1,4)-butanediol, (1,5)-pentanediol, (1,6)-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol and the diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate or cycloalkylcarbonate is selected from diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylcarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, carbonic acid, or phosgene.
In one aspect, the polyol of the soft segment is selected from a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting (1,6)-hexanediol with a diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate or cycloalkylcarbonate; a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting blend of (1,6)-hexanediol and (1,5)-pentanediol with diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate or cycloalkylcarbonate; and a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting blend of caprolactone and (1,6)-hexanediol with diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate or cycloalkylcarbonate.
In one aspect, the polyisocyanate of the hard segment is represented by the general formula R6(NCO)2; wherein R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and containing 0, 1, or 2 cycloalkyl or aromatic groups. In another aspect, the polyisocyanate are the hard segment is selected from tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)-methane, 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane, bis-(4-isocyanato-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane, 1,5-diisocyanato naphthalene, 4,4′-methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI) and norbornene diisocyanate. In yet another aspect, the polyisocyanate of the hard segment is isophorone diisocyanate or 4,4′-Methylenebis(cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H12MDI). The polyisocyanate as described in this paragraph and herein may be combined with the polyester, polyether, or polycarbonate or combination thereof as described in the preceding paragraphs and herein.
In one aspect, the ionic chain extender of the hard segment comprises a functional group selected from a carboxylic acid and an amine In some aspects, the ionic chain extender of the hard segment is selected from the group consisting of dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol. In one aspect, the ionic chain extender is lysine. The ionic chain extender as described in this paragraph and herein may be combined with the polyisocyanates, polyesters, polyethers, or polycarbonates or combinations thereof as described in the preceding paragraphs and herein.
In one aspect, the non-ionic polyol chain extender of the hard segment is a C1-C8alkyldiol. In another aspect, the non-ionic polyol chain extender of the hard segment is selected from the group consisting of 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentandiol, and 1,6-hexanediol. The non-ionic polyol chain extender described in this paragraph and herein may be combined with the ionic chain extender, polyisocyanates, polyesters, polyethers, or polycarbonates or combinations thereof as described in the preceding paragraphs and herein.
In one aspect, the diamine chain extender of the hard segment is represented by formula NH2R1NH2, wherein the R1 is a C1-C8alkyl optionally substituted with —(O)OH. The diamine chain extender described in this paragraph and herein may be combined with the non-ionic polyol chain extender, ionic chain extender, polyisocyanates, polyesters, polyethers, or polycarbonates or combinations thereof as described in the preceding paragraphs and herein.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is represented by structural formula (I):
or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; wherein
each R10 is —(C(R10a)2)p[O(C═O)OC((R10a)2)qO(C═O)OC((R10a)2)r]x—;
each R10a is independently selected from H and C1-6alkyl;
p is an integer from 1 to 10;
q is an integer from 1 to 10;
r is an integer from 1 to 10;
x is an integer from 2 to 25;
each R11 is independently selected from a divalent hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and containing 0, 1, or 2 cycloalkyl or aromatic groups;
each R12 is a divalent group independently selected from a C1-C8alkylene optionally substituted with —COOR12a or —(CH2)mNR12a;
each R12a is independently selected from hydrogen and C1-C4alkyl; and
m is an integer from 0 to 6. In one aspect for the polyurethane-ureas represented by structural Formula (I) the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea is above 150 MPa and the elongation at break is from about 15% to about 300%. Alternative values for the Young's modulus and elongation break are included and are described above.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-urea is represented by structural formula (II):
or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; wherein
each R15 is independently a C1-C8alkylene substituted with —(CH2)nCOOR15a;
each R15a is independently selected from hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl;
n is an integer from 0 to 6; and
m is an integer from 0 to 6. In one aspect for the polyurethane-ureas represented by structural Formula (II) the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea is above 150 MPa and the elongation at break is from about 15% to about 300%. Alternative values for the Young's modulus and elongation break are included and are described above.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-urea is represented by structural Formula (IIIa) or (IIIb):
or a cosmetically acceptable salt thereof; wherein
R16 is H or —C(O)—NH—R15—NH2; and
n is an integer from 3-50, wherein the values of the remaining variables are as described above for Formula (I) and Formula (II). In one aspect for the polyurethane-ureas represented by structural Formula (IIIa) and (IIIb) the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea is above 150 MPa and the elongation at break is from about 15% to about 300%. Alternative values for the Young's modulus and elongation break are included and are described above.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is of structural formula (I), (II), (IIIa) or (IIIb), wherein p is an integer from 4 to 8; q is an integer from 4 to 8; r is an integer from 4 to 8; and x is an integer from 5 to 25.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is of structural formula (I), (II), (IIIa) or (IIIb), wherein each R11 is independently selected from a divalent hydrocarbon group selected from C1-C15alkylene,
wherein each Rc, Rf, and Rg is C1-C4alkylene; each Rh and Ri is independently selected from H or C1-C4alkyl; and j and k are each integers from 0 to 10, wherein the values for the remaining variables are as described above.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is of structural formula (I), (II), (IIIa) or (IIIb), wherein R11 is selected from one of the following structural formula:
wherein the values for the remaining variables are as described above.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is of structural formula (I), (II), (IIIa) or (IIIb), wherein each R12 is a divalent group independently selected from a methylene, ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, and hexylene, each optionally substituted with —COOH or —CH2N(CH3)2; wherein the values for the remaining variables are as described above.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is of structural formula (II), (IIIa) or (IIIb), wherein each R15 is independently ethylene, propylene, butylene, pentylene, and hexylene, each optionally substituted with —COOH; wherein the values for the remaining variables are as described above.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-ureas described herein may be formed from a first embodiment of monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an anionic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic polyol chain extender;
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 1,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.23 to about 1:0.47;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.2 to about 1:0.3;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0 to about 1:0.13; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0.03 to about 1:0.46.
In one aspect of the first embodiment of monomer units, the anionic chain extender is, for example, dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid. Alternatively, the first embodiment of monomer units is formed from monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an cationic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic polyol chain extender;
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 1,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.23 to about 1:0.47;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.2 to about 1:0.33;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0 to about 1:0.3; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0 to about 1:0.46. In one aspect of this first embodiment of monomer units, the cationic chain extender is 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-ureas described herein may be formed from a second embodiment of monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an anionic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic diol chain extender; and
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 2,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.05 to about 1:0.27;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.16 to about 1:0.33;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.5; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0.03 to about 1:0.47.
In one aspect of the second embodiment of monomer units, the anionic chain extender is, for example, dimethylolpropionic acid or dimethylolbutyric acid. Alternatively, the second embodiment of the invention is a polyurethane-urea formed from monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an cationic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic polyol chain extender;
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 2,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.05 to about 1:0.27;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.16 to about 1:0.33;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.5; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0 to about 1:0.47. In an aspect of this second embodiment, the cationic chain extender is 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-ureas described herein may be formed from a third embodiment of monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an anionic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic diol chain extender; and
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 3,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.2;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.16 to about 1:0.34;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.52; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0.03 to about 1:0.49.
Alternatively, the third embodiment of monomer units may be formed from monomer units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2, wherein
W is a polycarbonate polyol;
X is a polyisocyanate;
Y is an cationic chain extender; and
Z1 is a non-ionic polyol chain extender;
Z2 is a diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH;
wherein
the molecular weight of W is about 3,000 g/mol;
the ratio of X:W is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.2;
the ratio of X:Y is from about 1:0.16 to about 1:0.34;
the ratio of X:Z1 is from about 1:0.02 to about 1:0.52; and
the ratio of X:Z2 is from about 1:0 to about 1:0.49. In a particular aspect of this third embodiment, the cationic chain extender is 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol.
In a fourth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third embodiments of monomer units, wherein the polycarbonate polyol is obtained from the reaction of one or more diols with one or more diarylcarbonates, dialkylcarbonates, cycloalkylcarbonates, carbonic acid or acid halides. In another aspect, the diol is selected from (1,3)-propanediol, (1,4)-butanediol, (1,5)-pentanediol, (1,6)-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol or tetraethylene glycol and the diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate, cycloalkylcarbonate, carbonic acid or acid halides is selected from diphenyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethylcarbonate, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, carbonic acid, or phosgene.
In a fifth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third embodiments of monomer units, wherein the polycarbonate polyol is selected from a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting (1,6)-hexanediol with a diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate, cycloalkylcarbonate, carbonic acid or acid halides; a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting blend of (1,6)-hexanediol and (1,5)-pentanediol with a diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate, cycloalkylcarbonate, carbonic acid or acid halides; and a polycarbonate polyol made from reacting butylethylpropanediol with a diarylcarbonate, dialkylcarbonate, cycloalkylcarbonate, carbonic acid or acid halides.
In a sixth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third embodiments of monomer units, wherein the polyisocyanate is represented by the general formula R6(NCO)2; wherein R6 represents a divalent hydrocarbon group having from 4 to 20 carbon atoms and containing 1 or 2 cycloalkyl or aromatic groups, and the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth or fifth embodiments. In an aspect of the sixth embodiment, each R6 is independently selected from a divalent hydrocarbon group selected from C1-C15alkylene,
wherein each Re, Rf, and Rg is C1-C4alkylene; each Rh and Ri is independently selected from H or C1-C4alkyl; and j and k are each integers from 0 to 10, and the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth or fifth of monomer unit embodiments. In one aspect, each R6 is independently selected from one of the following structural formula:
and the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth or fifth of monomer unit embodiments.
In a seventh embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from tetramethylene diisocyanate, 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, cyclohexane-1,3- and -1,4-diisocyanate, 1-isocyanato-3-isocyanatomethyl-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexane (isophorone diisocyanate or IPDI), bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)-methane (H12MDI) , 1,3- and 1,4-bis(isocyanatomethyl)-cyclohexane, bis-(4-isocyanato-3-methyl-cyclohexyl)-methane, and 1,5-diisocyanato naphthalene, and norbornene diisocyanate, and the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, or fifth of monomer unit embodiments.
In an eighth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein the polyisocyanate is selected from isophorone diisocyanate and H12MDI, and the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth or fifth of monomer unit embodiments.
In a ninth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein the wherein the ionic chain extender is a compound with a molecular weight of 500 g/mol or less, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, and eighth of monomer unit embodiments.
In a tenth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein the ionic chain extender comprises a functional group that is selected from a carboxylic acid or amine, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, and ninth of monomer unit embodiments.
In an eleventh embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein the ionic chain extender is selected from the group consisting of dimethylolpropionic acid, dimethylolbutyric acid, and 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, and tenth of monomer unit embodiments.
In a twelfth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein Z1 has molecular weight of 500 g/mol or less and Z2 has a molecular weight of 500 g/mol or less, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth and tenth of monomer unit embodiments. Alternatively, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomer units of W, X, Y and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, wherein Z1 is absent and Z2 has a molecular weight of 500 g/mol or less, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, and eleventh of monomer unit embodiments.
In a thirteenth embodiment of monomer units, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z1 and Z2 as described for the first, second and third of monomer unit embodiments, Z1 is a C1-10alkyldiol or polyoligosilesquioxane diol and Z2 is C1-10alkyldiamine substituted with —COOH, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth of monomer unit embodiments. In one embodiment, Z1 is 1,4-butanediol or 1,6-hexanediol and Z2 is lysine. Alternatively, the polyurethane-urea is formed from the monomers units of W, X, Y and Z2 as described for the first, second and third embodiments, wherein Z1 is absent and Z2 is C1-10alkyldiamine substituted with —COOH, wherein the remainder of the monomer units are as described for the first, second, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth, ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth of monomer unit embodiments. In one embodiment, Z1 is absent and Z2 is lysine.
In certain aspects, the polyurethane-ureas described herein can be dispersed in an aqueous solution suitable for use in personal care products. In some embodiments, the dispersion further includes a volatile hydrophobicity enhancer. In one aspect, the volatile hydrophobicity enhancer is encapsulated within the dispersed polyurethane-urea. Alternatively, the volatile hydrophobicity enhancer is not covalently bonded to the polyurethane. In one aspect, the volatile hydrophobicity enhancer is 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl methacrylate (OFPMA), a hydrocarbon such as squalene, or a hydrocarbon derivative such as ionone or 18-methyl eicosanoic acid. In one aspect, the volatile hydrophobicity enhancer is 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl methacrylate (OFPMA). In certain aspects, the volatile hydrophobicity enhancer increases the hydrophobicity (i.e., reduces the water uptake) of the polyurethane-urea. In one aspect, the hydrophobicity enhancer reduces the water uptake of the WBPU-U to less than 8%, for example, less than 7.5%, less than 7.0%, less than 6.5%, less than 6.0%, less than 5.5%, less than 5.0%, less than 4.5%, less than 4.0%, less than 3.5%, less than 3.0%, less than 2.5%, less than 2.0%, less than 1.5%, or less than 1.0%. The hydrophobicity of the polyurethane-urea can be determined by methods known to one of skill in the art. For example, the method as described in Example 3, below, can be used
In certain aspects, the polyurethane-ureas described herein may be neutralized with a neutralizer. The neutralizer may be selected from an acid or base. In some aspects, the neutralizer is selected from Na2CO3, triethylamine, tributylamine, tripentylamine, trihexylamine, trioctylamine, or lactic acid.
In one aspect, the neutralizer:ionic chain extender ratio is from about 0.8 to about 1.2 In some aspects, the neutralizer:ionic chain extender ratio is from about 0.8 to about 1.0; alternatively it is 1.0:1.2; alternatively it is 1:1.
In certain aspects, the compositions described herein further comprise a performance enhancing lipid. Thus, the present disclosure provides a composition comprising any one of the polyurethane-ureas or properties (e.g., Young's modulus, elongation at break, moisture uptake, etc.), or both, described herein together with a performance-enhancing lipid. In one aspect, the moisture uptake is less than 8% when a performance enhancing lipid is present.
In some aspects, the performance-enhancing lipid is associated with polyurethane-urea to form a polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex. In certain aspects, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is dispersed in water.
In some aspects, the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is a unitary complex.
Performance-enhancing lipid can be selected from fragrance oils, emollients, monoterpenoids, fatty alcohols, fatty acids, fatty esters, fatty ethers, fluorinated small molecules (e.g., perfluoromethylcyclopentane, perfluoroperhydrophenanthrene, perfluoro-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane, perfluoromethyldecalin, and perfluoroperhydrobenzyltetralin), and mixtures thereof. In some aspects, the performance-enhancing lipid is selected from cinnamon, cascarilla, rose, jasmine, osmanthus, plumeria, mimosa, tuberose, narcissus, scented gernaium, cassie, ambrette, juniper berry, vanilla, sage, violets, rosemary, myrrh, balsam of Peru, ginger root, cardamom, sandalwood, rosewood, pine, cedar, juniper, orchids, ambergris, civet, hyraceum, honeycomb, musk, ambergris, citronellol, geraniol, nerol, linalool, phenyl ethyl alcohol, farnesol, stearoptene, α-pinene, β-pinene, α-terpinene, limonene, p-cymene, camphene, β-caryophyllene, neral, citronellyl acetate, geranyl acetate, neryl acetate, eugenol, methyl eugenol, rose oxide, α-damascenone, β-damascenone, damascones, benzaldehyde, benzyl alcohol, rhodinyl acetate and phenyl ethyl formate, tert-Butyl alcohol, tent-Amyl alcohol, 3-Methyl-3-pentanol, Ethchlorvynol, 1-Octanol, Pelargonic alcohol, 1-Decanol (decyl alcohol, capric alcohol), Undecyl alcohol (1-undecanol, undecanol, Hendecanol), Lauryl alcohol (Dodecanol, 1-dodecanol), Tridecyl alcohol (1-tridecanol, tridecanol, isotridecanol), Myristyl alcohol (1-tetradecanol), Pentadecyl alcohol (1-pentadecanol, pentadecanol) , Cetyl alcohol (1-hexadecanol), Palmitoleyl alcohol (cis-9-hexadecen-1-ol), Heptadecyl alcohol (1-n-heptadecanol, heptadecanol), Stearyl alcohol (1-octadecanol), Oleyl alcohol, Nonadecyl alcohol (1-nonadecanol), Arachidyl alcohol (1-eicosanol), Heneicosyl alcohol (1-heneicosanol), Behenyl alcohol (1-docosanol), Erucyl alcohol (cis-13-docosen-1-ol), Lignoceryl alcohol (1-tetracosanol), Ceryl alcohol (1-hexacosanol), 1-Heptacosanol, Montanyl alcohol, cluytyl alcohol, or 1-octacosanol, 1-Nonacosanol, Myricyl alcohol, melissyl alcohol, or 1-triacontanol, 1-Dotriacontanol (Lacceryl alcohol), Geddyl alcohol (1-tetratriacontanol), Cetearyl alcohol, Myristoleic acid, Palmitoleic acid, Sapienic acid, Oleic acid, Elaidic acid, Vaccenic acid, Linoleic acid, Linoelaidic acid, α-Linolenic acid, Arachidonic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid, Erucic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Caprylic acid, Capric acid, Lauric acid, Myristic acid, Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Arachidic acid, Behenic acid, Lignoceric acid, Cerotic acid, β-Ionone, α-Ionone, 7,8-dihydro-α-Ionone, dihydro-β-Ionone, squalene, hemisqualane, methyl eugenol, damascone, citronellol, psuedoionone, caryophyllene, geraniol, limonene, linalool, linoleic acid, menthol, carvone, isoborneol, eucalyptol, camphor, α-pinene, resveratrol, linolenic acid, palmitic acid, myristyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, oleyl alcohol, octadecanol, hexyl laurate, glyceryl laurate, dicaprylyl ether, octafluoropentyl methacrylate, stearic acid, oleic acid, ethylhexyl palmitate, octyl stearate, isostearyl alcohol, isoamyl laurate or mixtures thereof.
In one aspect, the performance-enhancing lipid is selected from an omega-3, an omega-6, or an omega-9 fatty acid. In other aspects, the performance-enhancing lipid is a polyphenol, a flavonoid. In yet another aspect, the performance-enhancing lipid is a phytochemical.
The compositions described herein may further comprise an antioxidant. Antioxidants that may be suitable with the compositions described herein include, but are not limited to, açai oil, alpha lipoic acid, green and white tea, retinol, vitamin C, Vitamin E, coenzyme Q10 (Co Q-10), isoflavones, polyphenols, curcumin, turmeric, pomegranate, rosemary, glutathione, selenium, and zinc.
4. Methods of Use
The compositions described herein may be used for any cosmetic application. Such applications include, but are not limited to, skin-care creams, eye and facial makeup (e.g., mascara, eye liner, eyebrow makeup, and the like), deodorants, lotions, powders, perfumes, baby products, body butters; and hair products (e.g., permanent chemicals, hair colors, hair sprays, and gels).
In one aspect, the compositions described herein are used as a hair product, e.g., in a conventional manner for providing hairstyle/hold benefits. In an exemplary aspect, an effective amount of a composition described herein may be sprayed or applied onto dry or damp hair before and/or after the hair is styled. As used herein “effective amount” means an amount sufficient to provide the hair hold and style performance desired according to the length and texture of the hair.
In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of fixing hair comprising the step of applying a polyurethane-urea disclosed herein. In one aspect, the present disclosure provides a method of retaining the curl of hair comprising the step of applying polyurethane-urea disclosed herein.
In one aspect, the present disclosure also includes a method to determine the curl retention of a hair tress. In one aspect, the method of measuring the curl retention of a hair tress includes the steps of a) measuring the length of the hair tress; b) applying a composition comprising a waterborne polyurethane-urea disclosed herein to the hair tress; c) blow drying the hair tress for 90 seconds without brushing; d) curling the hair tress with a ¾ inch curling rod at 370° F. for 10 seconds; e) mechanically manipulating the hair tress by pulling, combing and brushing; f) measuring the length of the curled hair tress.
In one aspect, the method of measuring the curl retention of a hair tress, includes the steps of a) measuring the length of the hair tress; b) applying the composition comprising a waterborne polyurethane-urea disclosed herein to the hair tress; c) blow drying the hair tress for 90 seconds without brushing; d) curling the hair tress with a ¾ inch curling rod at 370° F. for 10 seconds; e) subjecting the hair tress to humidity; f) measuring the length of the curled hair tress. In one aspect, the curled hair tress is subjected to 60%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 90% relative humidity for 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60, 75, 90, 105,120, 180 or 210 minutes at a temperature of 25° C.
In one aspect, the method of measuring the curl retention of a hair tress, includes the steps of a) measuring the length of the hair tress; b) applying the composition comprising a waterborne polyurethane-urea disclosed herein to the hair tress; c) blow drying the hair tress for 90 seconds without brushing; d) curling the hair tress with a ¾ inch curling rod at 370° F. for 10 seconds; e) subjecting the hair tress to humidity; f) brushing the hair tress; g) measuring the length of the curled hair tress. In a particular aspect, the curled hair tress is subjected to 60%, 70%, 75%, 80% or 90% relative humidity for 2, 4, 8, 16, 32, or 48 hours at a temperature of 25° C. and brushed 1, 3, 5, 8, 10, 13, 15, or 20 times.
In one aspect, the method of evaluating the curl retention of a hair tress, includes the steps of a) applying the composition comprising a polyurethane-urea disclosed herein to the hair tress; b) blow drying the hair tress for 90 seconds without brushing; c) blinding the prepared hair tress; d) evaluating the sensory properties of the tress in a blinded fashion. In one aspect, the prepared tress is graded on a scale of −2 to 2 for natural feeling and overall sensory attributes.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea is selected such that the composition, after being applied to a curled hair tress and dried thereon, performs better than Baycusan C1004 (Polyurethane-35) in the high humidity mechanical stress test.
In another aspect, the polyurethane-urea is selected such that the composition, after being applied to a curled hair tress and dried thereon, performs better than Baycusan C1004 (Polyurethane-35) in the sensory test.
4. General Processes of Preparing Polyurethane-Ureas
The present disclosure also includes a method of preparing the polyurethane-ureas disclosed herein. In one aspect, the process includes preparing a prepolymer of formula having the values describe above by: 1) reacting at least one polyol, at least one polyisocyanates, and at least one ionic diol chain extender; and optionally, at least one non-ionic diol chain extender; 2) chain-extending the prepolymer with at least one diamine chain extender, wherein the diamine is substituted with —COOH; 3) dispersing the polyurethane in water; and
5) removing the organic solvent, resulting in an aqueous polyurethane dispersion.
Also contemplated herein are polyurethane dispersions. Methods for forming a polyurethane dispersion comprise e.g., (a) reacting (1) at least one polyisocyanate, and (2) at least one polyol, (3) at least one compound having at least one hydrophilic, ionic or potentially ionic group, and (4) non-ionic diol in order to form an isocyanate terminated prepolymer; wherein an effective amount of at least one performance-enhancing lipid is introduced into the reaction at any time during prepolymer formation; and (b) subsequently (1) dispersing said polymer in water and (2) chain extending said prepolymer by reaction with at least one diamine chain extender to form a polyurethane-urea polymer, wherein the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is above 150 MPa; the elongation at break is from about 15% to above 300%; and the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea is less than 8%.
Alternatively, the process comprises (a) reacting (1) at least one polyisocyanate, and (2) at least one polyol, and (3) at least one compound having at least one hydrophilic, ionic or potentially ionic group, and (4) at least one non-ionic diol in order to form an isocyanate terminated prepolymer; and (b) subsequently (1) dispersing said polymer in water. and (2) chain extending said prepolymer by reaction with at least a diamine chain extender to form a polyurethane-urea polymer, and (3) adding an effective amount of at least one performance-enhancing lipid to the polymer, wherein the Young's modulus of the polyurethane-urea:performance-enhancing lipid complex is above 150 MPa; the elongation at break is from about 15% to above 300%; and the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea is less than 10%.
In one aspect, the polyurethane-urea product made from the above processes are dispersed in water to form a polyurethane-urea particle with a particle size of less than 200 nm; and wherein the moisture uptake of the polyurethane-urea is less than 8%.
Other methods for preparing the polyurethane-ureas disclosed herein will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Synthesis of PU 126. Polycarbonate 1k polyol (PCP) was first dried at 110° C. under reduced pressure until it was bubble free. A 500 mL three neck glass reactor equipped with condenser, magnetic stirrer, argon inlet, oil bath, and heat/stir plate was purged with argon and charged with PCP1k (0.032 mol). The reactor was heated to 80° C. for 0.5 h. Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) (0.1 mol) was added dropwise to the reactor and the mixture was then allowed to stir for 1 h. The temperature was then brought down to 60° C., and zinc neodecanoate (0.1 g) in 5 mL of acetone was added into the reactor dropwise. Dimethylol butyric acid (DMBA) (0.024 mol) was pre-mixed with 25 mL acetone and added to the reactor. The reaction was stirred at 60° C. for 16 h under argon. The next day, the reaction temperature was brought down to 30° C., and neutralizing base Na2CO3 (0.012 mol) was added to the reactor for neutralization of the DMBA. The reaction continued for 1 h while stirring at 500 rpm. Stirring speed was increased to 900 rpm and 150 mL of deionized water was added dropwise (4-5 mL/min) to the reactor using an addition funnel. L-Lysine (0.044 mol) dissolved in 10 mL water was added in the reaction mixture and allowed to react for 2 h while stirring at 500 rpm. A nearly clear dispersion resulted. The acetone was then removed from the dispersion. The present solid content was determined by exhaustive drying of a 1 g sample.
The synthesis described above for PU 126 can be modified to prepare the WBPU-Us listed in Table 1, below. In particular,
PU 150, PU 154, PU 182, PU 187, PU 189, and PU 192 to PU196 were prepared with the same protocol as PU 126 with further encapsulation of an additive (30-50 wt %) after WBPU-U synthesis.
PU 161, PU 154, and PU 160 were prepared with the same protocol as PU 126 with substitution of the Na2CO3 neutralizer for triethylamine (TEA).
PU 188 and PU 198 were prepared with the same protocol as PU 126 with the substitution of DMBA for 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol (DMAPD), and subsequent neutralization with lactic acid.
PU 144, 160, 162, PU 176, 187, 188, 189, 191, 192, and 195-199 were prepared with the same protocol as PU 126 with the addition of another diol alongside the addition of the ionic chain extender.
PU 200 was prepared with the same protocol as PU126 except with substitution of IPDI for H12MDI.
Nomenclature: IPDI: isophorone diisocyanate; H12MDI: bis-(4-isocyanatocyclohexyl)-methane; PCP1k: polycarbonate polyol having 1k g/mol molecular weight; PEtP1k: polyether polyol having 1k g/mol molecular weight; PCP/PEP2k: polycarbonate and polyester copolyol having 2k g/mol molecular weight; BD: butanediol; HD: hexanediol; DMBA: dimethylol butyric acid; DMAPD: 3-dimethylamino-1,2-propanediol; TEA: triethylamine; OFPMA: 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoropentyl methacrylate.
The Young's modulus is a measure of the ability of a material to withstand changes in length when under uniaxial tension or compression. A higher Young's modulus typically indicates that the material is more rigid. The elongation at break, also known as fracture strain, is the ratio between changed length and initial length after breakage of the test specimen. A higher elongation at break expresses the capability of a material to resist fracture. For a composition applied to hair to hold the shape of the hair, the Young's modulus and elongation at break of the composition should be such that the composition provides rigidity to the hair but is not brittle.
A comparison of Young's modulus and the elongation at break for the some of the polyurethane-ureas disclosed herein was made to several commercially available polyurethane products. The Young's modulus and the elongation at break can be determined by a protocol defined to measure mechanical properties is developed in compliance with ASTM D638, ASTM D412, test guidelines. In particular, the following protocol can be used to determine the Young's modulus and elongation at break (or ultimate elongation) of dry film of polyurethanes (WBPUs) and polyurethane-ureas (WBPU-Us). Testing requires ˜10-20 min per sample to complete.
Materials:
>25 g polyurethane-urea aqueous dispersion
1 clean rectangle mold (2 mm×20 mm×45 mm) grooved on Teflon sheet per sample
1 clean razor blade
Scotch tape
Universal Testing Machine mounted with extension grip geometry
Sample Preparation:
1. Prepare 25 g of 10 wt % WBPU or WBPU-U solution from their respective stock solution.
2. Apply 2.5 mL prepared solution in each mold (2 mm'20 mm×45 mm) and allow drying for 2 days to give WBPU-U film.
3. After it dries out, use a spatula to remove film from the mold.
4. Use the razor blade to cut corners and get film with around 15 mm width and around 150-300 micron thickness. Make sure that the film is free of air bubbles.
5. Label the test film.
6. Cut four pieces of scotch tape (20 mm) per sample and adhere them to both sides of the specimen strip and make a dog-bone shaped sample to improve hold of sample in grip. Store the prepared test films in desiccators for 1-2 hour to fully dry them. Take one sample out of desiccators at a time for testing.
Sample Testing
1. Balance the load registering on the universal testing machine so that it reads 0 Newtons.
2. Use calipers to set a distance of 20 mm between the top and bottom extension grip geometries.
3. Mount a sample in the extension grips and secure tightly, ensuring that the scotch tape is not visible, and that the sample is as close to vertical as possible in both vertical planes
4. Stretch the sample slightly, by separating the geometries until a force of 2-5 N is registered.
5. Begin a tensile testing run on the universal testing machine at a speed of 100 mm/minute, stopping the test upon sample fracture.
6. Elongation at break is calculated at the elongation at which the material fractures.
7. Young's modulus is calculated as the modulus during the initial, elastic portion of deformation by calculating the slope of a linear fit to that region with an R value>0.99.
a) low modulus and high elongation (Avaluare UR 450, C1004, Polyderm PE/PA ED, Polyderm PE/PA), which leads to inferior curl hold (e.g., hold is temporary, transient, or short-lived) or
b) high modulus and low elongation (DynamX, DynamX/H2O, Luviset PUR), which leads to a brittle material with low performance (e.g., resin is brittle or fractures) after manipulation.
The moisture uptake properties, under highly humid environment, of WBPU or WBPU-U dry films have been linked to their long lasting hold performance. As such, it is important to be able to reproducibly and accurately evaluate such moisture uptake properties to enable predictive in vitro evaluation of WBPU-U dry films. The following protocol can be used to determine moisture uptake ability of WBPU-U dry films under high humid environment. Test requires ˜2-3 days per sample set to complete
Materials
>15 g WBPU-U solution
1 clean cell culture petri dish (60 mm dia×15 mm H) per sample
Humidity chamber with flexibility to control temperature and relative humidity (RH)
Sample Testing
1. Prepare 15 g of 10 wt % WBPU-U solution from their respective stock solution.
2. Label cell culture petri dishes for each sample and measure their empty weight (Wpd).
3. Apply 4 mL prepared solution in each petri dish (3 samples per WBPU or WBPU-U solution) and allow to dry for 20 hours at 25° C. and 50% RH in humidity chamber.
4. After drying out, measure and record sample weight (Wi).
5. Place the samples to humidity chamber at 25° C. and 90% RH and allow equilibrating to high humidity for 20 hours.
6. Measure and record final sample weight (Wf).
Sample Analysis
Calculate % moisture uptake using the following equation:
Performance of the disclosed composition as compared to commercial products with regard to curl hold was tested using several different methods, including controlled mechanical stresses, humidity, sensory and in vivo salon testing. A summary of the testing methods and their key attributes is listed in Table 2. Furthermore, representative data is provided for Method VY-M (
A virgin brown tress (1.5 g) is coated with 800 μL of 3% resin dispersion, followed by blow drying for 90 seconds. The tress is combed once with a medium tooth comb and once with a fine-tooth comb after drying. The tress is curled at 370° F. for 10 seconds with a 1″ diameter curling iron, and then cooled.
The initial curl length is measured, and then tress performance is measured by suspending the tress at 75% relative humidity at 25° C. for 15 minutes. The curl length is again measured. The tress is then combed once at a consistent rate with a medium-toothed comb and measured again.
A virgin brown tress (1.5 g) is coated with 800 μL of 3% resin dispersion, followed by blow drying for 90 seconds. The tress is combed once with a medium tooth comb and once with a fine-tooth comb at a consistent rate after drying. The tress is curled at 370° F. for 10 seconds with a 1″ diameter curling iron, and then cooled.
The initial curl length is measured, and then tress performance is measured by a controlled pulling process. Two binder clips are suspended from the end of the tress for 10 seconds and then removed before re-measuring the curl length. This mechanical stress test is repeated twice more.
A virgin brown tress (1.5 g) is coated with 800 μL of 3% resin dispersion, followed by blow drying for 90 seconds. The tress is combed once with a medium tooth comb and once with a fine-tooth comb after drying. The tress is curled at 370° F. for 10 seconds with a 1″ diameter curling iron, and then cooled.
The initial curl length is measured, and then tress performance is measured by a water resistance test. Water is dispensed from a pump spray onto the tress three times 6″ away from the tress, and then the curl is pulled to its full extension at a consistent rate and released four times. The final curl length is then measured.
The following data shows that WBPUs comprising a Young's modulus of above 150 MPa, an elongation at break from about 15% to about 300%, and moisture uptake of less than 10% for WBPUs without the addition of lipid and below 8% for WBPUs with lipid affords improved sensory and humidity performance Table 3 is a comparison of the chemical properties and ingredients of both exemplary and commercial WBPU-U compositions. The compositions are grouped by those which comprise a Young's modulus, an elongation at break, and moisture uptake defined herein. The actual values for these compositions are shown in Table 4.
1Exemplary WBPUs comprise a Young’s modulus >150 MPa, an elongation at break between 15% and 300%, and water uptake below 10% for WBPUs without the addition of lipid and below 8% for WBPUs with lipid (OFPMA, Oleic acid, or Ionone).
2WBPUs outside of the disclosed Young’s modulus, elongation at break, and moisture uptake.
Unique and superior morphology was also found with the inventive compositions. For example, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images revealed that the addition of the disclosed lipids (e.g., oil) as shown in
In addition to particle properties, enhanced stability was also observed with the inventive compositions. For example, dispersion testing revealed that the disclosed WBPUs were stable at 40° C. for 12 weeks (accelerated aging conditions). See e.g.,
In the same study, commercial WBPUs having suboptimal properties (Table 2) were unstable at 40° C. See
Sensory and humidity performance testing was also performed and the data is shown in Tables 5 and 6. Compositions comprising WBPUs within the disclosed selection marker range significantly outperformed comparator composition in one or both measures. Average sensory scores were determined according to Method VY-S. For each resin, sample size 5≤N≤32. Humidity measurements were determined according to Method VY-H. For each resin, sample size 3≤N≤11.
Similar trends are also shown by
A direct in vivo comparison was also performed using PU 299 and commercially available WBPU DynamX H2O. See
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/305,275, filed, Mar. 8, 2016 and U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/437,462, filed Dec. 21, 2016, the contents of each of which are incorporated herein by reference.
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