Patent Application
20210261127
The invention relates to a longitudinal driver assistance system in the automated longitudinal guidance mode (for example, with activated cruise control) in a motor vehicle.
In principle, many longitudinal driver assistance systems designed as cruise control systems are already known, which control the speed of the motor vehicle to a predefined setpoint and/or maximum permissible top speed. In addition to these longitudinal control systems, longitudinal control systems expanded to include distance control, so-called adaptive longitudinal control systems or cruise control systems, can also already be acquired nowadays from some manufacturers. Such systems (for example, BMW “Active Cruise Control” (ACC)) make it possible to automatically guide the motor vehicle while maintaining a desired distance to a preceding vehicle at a desired speed or an appropriately lower speed. If a distance sensor system mounted at the motor vehicle, which can operate, in particular, on the basis of radar, detects a preceding target object or (motor) vehicle in the host lane, the own speed is adapted with the aid of a deceleration intervention of the drive motor and/or of wheel brake system to the speed of the preceding motor vehicle or of the target object in such a way that a distance control contained in the “active cruise control” or in the appropriate longitudinal control system automatically adjusts and maintains a distance to the preceding motor vehicle or target object that is appropriate to the situation.
DE 10 2012 211 967 A1 describes a combination of a speed limiting system and a cruise control system, wherein the maximum permissible top speed of the speed limiting system, in place of the selected set speed, is acquirable as the (new) setpoint or target speed for the cruise control.
Finally, a driver assistance system is known, for example, from DE 10 2015 213 181 B3, which can identify, in an anticipatory manner, a speed limit either from map data of a navigation system and/or with the aid of image processing and continuously display these to the driver upon attainment of the speed limit, and so the driver can automatically adapt his/her speed, as necessary, to the speed limit (for example, BMW Speed Limit Assist or BMW Efficient Dynamic Pilot).
The longitudinal driver assistance system for a motor vehicle known from DE 10 2015 213 181 B3 essentially comprises a detection system for identifying presently applicable or upcoming relevant events that require a change of the maximum permissible top speed, a second detection system, which can be part of the first detection system or also identical thereto, for identifying the route to be traveled, and a functional unit which, upon identification of a relevant, presently applicable or upcoming event, ascertains a location-dependent point in time under consideration of the location of the relevant event (and, possibly, further necessary information, such as an ascertained maximum permissible speed at the location of the relevant event, the differential speed between the vehicle and the ascertained new maximum permissible speed, identified free driving or succession driving, present or permitted deceleration modes of the vehicle, such as sailing operation, coasting operation, braking operation), upon the attainment of which the functional unit triggers an automatic adaptation of the presently maximum permissible top speed or an output of a prompt message for permitting an automatic adaptation of the presently maximum permissible top speed to a new maximum permissible top speed. If an upcoming event is identified in a timely manner, a deceleration strategy of the vehicle for reaching the ascertained maximum permissible top speed is ideally ascertained at the location (or at least close thereto) of the relevant event. On the basis of the ascertained deceleration strategy, the location-dependent point in time to be ascertained then results, at which the automatic adaptation of the presently maximum permissible top speed or the output of a prompt message for permitting an automatic adaptation of the presently maximum permissible top speed to a new maximum permissible top speed is initiated.
The problem addressed by the invention is that of improving a longitudinal driver assistance system in terms of comfort and utilization with respect to an adaptation of the speed to a changed setpoint speed.
This problem is solved by a driver assistance system according to the independent claim. Advantageous developments result from the dependent claims.
The invention relates to a longitudinal driver assistance system in a motor vehicle, including:
a first detection system for identifying a first event which, starting from an actual speed, results in the specification of an increased setpoint speed at a predefined location-dependent first point in time, and for identifying a subsequent second event which, starting from the increased setpoint speed, results in the specification of a setpoint speed that is reduced in relation thereto at a predefined location-dependent second point in time;
a second detection system for identifying, in an anticipatory manner, a predefined deceleration potential starting from the increased setpoint speed to the reduced setpoint speed; and
a functional unit, which reduces the acceleration to the increased setpoint speed if, otherwise, the subsequent deceleration to the reduced setpoint speed with the predefined deceleration potential cannot be completed at the location-dependent point in time of the second event.
Preferably, the functional unit is configured for reducing the acceleration to the increased setpoint speed on the basis of an empirically ascertained, tabular specification depending on a predefined, location-based time interval to the second event.
In one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the increased setpoint speed is a set speed predefined by the driver and the specification of the set speed is the first event.
In one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reduced setpoint speed is a maximum permissible top speed and the specification of the top speed is the second event.
In one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the second event is a maximum permissible top speed for merging into a roundabout, for exiting an exit ramp, and/or for negotiating at least one curve having a previously determined curve radius.
In one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the reduced setpoint speed is a virtual maximum permissible top speed, which is determinable in the functional unit on the basis of the criticality of the second event (for example, curve or expressway exit having a comparatively small curve radius).
Additionally, the maximum permissible top speed can also be predefined, for example, by a traffic sign, wherein the location of the traffic sign simultaneously represents the point in time of the event.
In one alternative or in one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the functional unit is designed with the aid of an extraordinary situation function in such a way that the actual speed is first reduced, according to the predefined deceleration potential, at the (a third) point in time, at which, starting from the actual speed, the reduced setpoint speed is achievable as precisely as possible at the location-dependent point in time of the second event. The extraordinary situation function is activated upon identification of a first event which, starting from an actual speed, does not result in the specification of an increased setpoint speed, but rather a constant setpoint speed, possibly at a predefined location-dependent first point in time, and, upon identification of a subsequent second event which, starting from the actual speed, results in the specification of a setpoint speed that is reduced in relation thereto at a predefined location-dependent second point in time,
In one alternative or in one further advantageous embodiment of the invention, in the presence of a plurality of events situated one behind the other comparatively closely in a predefined observation period, the reduced setpoint speed is determinable in the functional unit in the form of an expanded event selection in such a way that only the events are selected that, starting from a present setpoint speed, which can be either the actual speed or an increased setpoint speed, result in a reduced setpoint speed. Moreover, in the expanded event selection in the predefined observation period, only the events can be selected that have a reduced setpoint speed at the particular predecessor event. Finally, in the expanded event selection in the predefined observation period, in addition, only the events can be selected that have a defined minimum distance (preferably applicable depending on the driving mode) from the particular predecessor event. Moreover, only the events are selected that are achievable with the predefined deceleration potential at the location-dependent point in time of the particular selected event. Finally, from this selection, the minimum reduced setpoint speed is selected as the reduced setpoint speed for the speed or acceleration control.
The invention is based on the following considerations.
The basic idea is the improved adaptation of the acceleration behavior in the automatic longitudinal guidance mode of a motor vehicle, in particular when, following an upcoming acceleration to a first increased setpoint speed due to a first event (for example, the driver increases the set speed of a cruise control), a reduction is necessary once more, to a second reduced setpoint speed. The longitudinal driver assistance (control) system according to the invention comprises, for this purpose, an appropriately programmed functional unit in the form of a computer program product, which can be integrated in an electronic control unit for driver assistance systems, which is known per se.
The invention is directed to a longitudinal control, which allows for an automated intervention into the target speed (for example, “Tempomat”, “ACC Adaptive Cruise Control”). This automatic longitudinal control can comprise a position control (target for speed and acceleration at a location relative to the actual position). Moreover, navigation systems are known, which can transmit upcoming map attributes to the longitudinal control in the form of segments and their properties. In addition, a system is required, which can control in an automated manner with respect to events (such as curves, roundabout, turn, traffic lights, etc.) from the digital map.
A conventional forward-looking control with respect to curves, turns, speed limits, or roundabouts typically has basic dynamics, with which the vehicle accelerates after passing an event or upon activation of the system or upon exiting succession driving behind a preceding vehicle. This acceleration behavior is perceived as being too dynamic and, from a perspective of driving efficiency, implausible on a route having many events.
The longitudinal driver assistance (control) system according to the invention takes the presently available acceleration potential or deceleration potential into account and predicts, in an anticipatory manner, in particular in the case of a required deceleration up to the location of a second event to a reduced setpoint speed after a preceding acceleration to an increased setpoint speed due to a first event, whether the target speed of the longitudinal guidance system can be reached with this (negative) acceleration without the target speed being exceeded at the location of the second event with a deceleration, which is assumed to be linear. (CASE a)
If this is not the case (prediction of the acceleration and the deceleration up to the event exceed the event speed), the basic dynamics of the vehicle are reduced as a function of the distance to the second event. The vehicle therefore accelerates with reduced dynamics to the increased setpoint speed of the first event. (CASE b)
The system predicts a first acceleration scenario (the acceleration can also be zero in a special case, for example, on a section of an expressway before an intended exit) and a subsequent deceleration scenario, and can therefore predict, considerably earlier, whether the utilization of the full acceleration potential is even meaningful or necessary. As a result, on the one hand, the driving feeling becomes considerably more pleasant during many events (for example, on a curvy road) and, on the other hand, the reduction of the acceleration potential results in a more efficient driving behavior.
The upcoming events, which are also referred to as “events”, can be, for example, temporary or permanent speed limits, which are either indicated directly on a traffic sign or are to be derived therefrom on the basis of the general traffic regulations (for example, a speed limit of 50 km/h when driving through a town applies in Germany). It can also be an event that triggers a speed limitation or at least an event increasing to a new top speed, which is usually the case, for example, upon exiting a locality or a roundabout or a curve.
The (second) reduced setpoint speed, which is decisive for the longitudinal driver assistance system, at the location of the upcoming second event can be either the actually predefined new speed limit or a speed deviating upward or downward from the predefined new speed limit by a predefined amount, wherein the amount and the direction of the deviation can also be adjustable, for example, by the driver in a central vehicle menu. This new (second) reduced setpoint speed can be transmitted directly from the functional unit or first ascertained on the basis of the present information in the functional unit.
In the case of certain routes, it can happen that speed limit signs are situated, in some cases, ahead of tight curves, roundabouts, or, on expressways, ahead of or in an exit. If, for example, a traffic sign of this type is identified and the change to the (second) reduced setpoint speed is anticipated (this can take place automatically or after authorization manually confirmed by the driver), the driver can experience unpleasant situations. For example, in the case of an adaptation of the permissible top speed that results in a high acceleration of the vehicle, that can be unpleasant or incomprehensible to the driver when a roundabout or a tight curve arises further ahead on the route, which should be traveled along at a slower speed, once more, for comfort or safety reasons. In addition, for example, adverse effects on the traffic behind the vehicle can also occur when an adaptation of the permissible top speed is triggered due to an identified upcoming relevant event that would result in an early slow deceleration of the vehicle, because the driver, for example, wants to exit the present road at the next exit. The object of the invention is that such decelerations of the vehicle that are out of place for the driver or the traffic behind the vehicle are triggered.
A first sub-aspect is the adaptation of the acceleration behavior in the automatic longitudinal guidance mode. A second sub-aspect is an exit strategy in the automatic longitudinal guidance mode. A third sub-aspect is the (expanded) selection of an event for the cruise control in the automated longitudinal guidance mode. All three sub-aspects relate to setpoint speed-reducing events.
The invention is explained in greater detail with reference to following exemplary embodiments.
a first forward-looking detection system E1 for identifying a first event e1 which, starting from an actual speed vist, results in the specification of an increased setpoint speed vsoll_1 at a predefined location-dependent first point in time, and for identifying a subsequent second event e2 which, starting from the increased setpoint speed vsoll_1, results in the specification of a setpoint speed vsoll_2 that is reduced in relation thereto at a predefined location-dependent second point in time;
a second forward-looking detection system E2 for identifying, in an anticipatory manner, a predefined deceleration potential a2 starting from the increased setpoint speed vsoll_1 to the reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2;
a functional unit FE, which reduces the acceleration to the increased setpoint speed vsoll_1 from a1 to a1′, in particular at the present point in time t0 and/or location d0, if, otherwise, the subsequent deceleration to the reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2 with the predefined deceleration potential a2 would not be completed at the location-dependent point in time of the second event;
a drive unit AE and a brake unit BrE for carrying out the acceleration or speed adjustment; and
a display operating unit ABE including a message system HS and an operating element BE, wherein the message system HS preferably displays the particular selected event.
The output signals e1 and e2 and/or ei of the detection system E1, the output signal a2 of the detection system E2, the actual speed signal vist, optionally an authorization signal z for authorizing an automatic speed adaptation, optionally a rejection signal a for rejecting the authorization of the automatic speed adaptation, and a signal v+/− for the manual adaptation of the setpoint speed are input signals of the functional unit FE.
The detection unit E1 is, for example, a map-based detection unit, which, on the basis of present map data, the own position, and a known upcoming route section, identifies events e1 and e2 and/or ei, which require an adaptation of the setpoint speed (for example, speed limit, roundabout, expressway exit, curve radii). The map-based detection unit E1 is designed in such a way that, on the one hand, it identifies the location of the upcoming relevant event (for example, reaching a roundabout, an expressway exit, or a sharp curve), i.e., also the level of the maximum permitted setpoint speed applicable at this location, and transmits this to the functional unit FE as the location-dependent point in time d2 or t2.
Additionally, the detection unit E1 can also be camera-based, so that upcoming, speed-limiting events, which possibly require an adaptation of the setpoint speed, are also identifiable on the basis of the data of a forwardly aligned (for example, video) sensor system.
The functional unit FE can output an appropriate signal of to the driver at a defined point in time at a display operating unit ABE, which includes a message system HS and an operating element BE. Depending on the embodiment of the cruise control system, according to a first alternative, the output can be triggered, in principle, only for the case in which the ascertained new setpoint speed is less than the maximum desired setpoint speed predefined by the driver. According to a second alternative, the output can take place regardless of the maximum setpoint speed desired by the driver.
The operating element BE, with the aid of which the driver can confirm the prompt message, is designed in such a way that the driver can request a manual change of the setpoint speed v+/− at the times at which no prompt message is output, in order to specify a new set speed.
According to an alternative embodiment of the longitudinal driver assistance system, the functional unit FE could also be designed in such a way that it does not first trigger the automatic adaptation of the speed after receipt of an authorization confirmation z, but rather automatically upon reaching the ascertained defined point in time. In an embodiment of this type, the display operating unit ABE represented using dotted lines could be dispensed with.
On the basis of
In
In
The reduced acceleration a1′ to the increased setpoint speed vsoll_1 is preferably carried out on the basis of an empirically ascertained tabular specification, for example, characteristic curve P(dt), depending on a predefined location-based time interval dt from the point in time t0 (and/or from the point in time t1) up to the point in time t2 of the second event e2, which is associated here with a simultaneous change to the reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2.
The second event e2 relates, in this case, to the merging into a roundabout KV at the point in time t2 and/or at the location d2. The reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2, in this case, is a virtual maximum permissible top speed, which is determinable by the functional unit FE on the basis of the criticality of the second event e2 and the circular travel. Due to the radius of the roundabout KV, the roundabout KV is to be traveled through at a recommended speed vsoll_2 of a maximum of 40 km/h.
The acceleration behavior a1 does not need to be adapted in this case, since the reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2 is achievable with the deceleration potential a2, which has also been identified, at the location d2 and/or the point in time t2 starting from the increased setpoint speed vsoll_1 at the location d1 and/or the point in time t1. Preferably, an acceleration could also be suppressed in this case if the time between t0 and t1 is so short that the increased setpoint speed is not achievable at the point in time t1.
On the basis of the activated route guidance, it is known that the vehicle will exit the expressway AB at the next exit AF with a comparatively sharp curve radius. Either a speed limit sign, for example, for 60 km/h is located at the point in time t2 and/or at the location d2 of the beginning of the exit, or this speed is predefined as a reduced setpoint speed due to the criticality. This speed limit corresponds to an event e2.
In order to prevent the vehicle EGO from already decelerating too soon on the expressway AB and, therefore, also prompting the traffic behind the vehicle to decelerate the speed, an extraordinary situation function SS is activated in the functional unit FE. This first reduces the actual speed vsoll_1=vist at the point in time t3 and/or at the location d3 according to the predefined deceleration potential a2, at which, starting from the actual speed vist=vsoll_1, the reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2 is achievable at the location-dependent point in time d2 and/or t2 of the second event e2.
The extraordinary situation function SS is therefore activated upon identification of a first event e1 which, starting from an actual speed vist, does not result in the specification of an increased setpoint speed vsoll_1=vist, but rather a constant setpoint speed vsoll_1=vist, at a predefined location-dependent first point in time d1 and/or t1, and, upon identification of a subsequent second event e2 which, starting from the actual speed vsoll_1=vist, results in the specification of a setpoint speed vsoll_2 that is reduced in relation thereto at a predefined location-dependent second point in time d2 and/or t2. Similarly, the event e1 can also be dispensed with in this extraordinary situation function SS.
The refinements according to the invention as represented in
A conventional forward-looking control with respect to curves, turns, speed limits, or roundabouts typically has a very comfortable and early beginning of the control. This is inappropriate in an exit situation, since the traffic behind the vehicle could be (greatly) impeded. In general, exits on expressways or expressway-like roads, which generally comprise a deceleration lane, are approached, in the manual longitudinal guidance mode of these deceleration lanes, at considerably increased speeds and, thereupon, deceleration takes place. These increased dynamics with respect to exit situations are not represented in the present-day related art and are perceived as impeding traffic flow.
According to the invention, during an approach to an expressway exit, the control with respect to events located after the deceleration lane is therefore initially prevented. Instead, for the beginning of the deceleration lane, an applicable exit speed is stored as a (virtual) reduced setpoint speed and deceleration to this exit speed takes place with the aid of an applicable exceptional situation function. If the beginning of the deceleration lane has been reached, the subsequent events are once again permitted with respect to control. An exception is the case when the deceleration to a subsequent event exceeds the applicable exit deceleration to a considerable extent in terms of amount. In this case, deceleration with respect to the event is permitted to take place before the deceleration lane has been reached. A dynamic pre-control with respect to the deceleration lane is carried out only when an event is located within a certain time interval after the end of the deceleration lane, the target speed of which is below the exit speed.
As a result, a more dynamic driving operation on expressways or expressway-like roads including deceleration lanes is achieved, which is adapted to the driving behavior of the remaining road users. The automatic longitudinal guidance mode must be overridden, in order not to impede the traffic flow, to a considerably lesser extent.
In
In the expanded event selection EA, preferably, in addition, in the predefined observation period Δt, only the events are selected that have a reduced setpoint speed at the particular predecessor event ei-1.
Moreover, in the expanded event selection EA in the predefined observation period Δt, preferably only the events are selected that have a defined minimum distance dtmin (preferably applicable depending on the driving mode) from the particular predecessor event ei-1.
In addition, all events ei must be reachable one after the other with the predefined deceleration potential a2 at the location-dependent point in time of the particular event. If this is not the case, the predecessor event is deselected.
Preferably—in particular also upon a display of a selected event in the message system HS of the display operating unit ABE—the event is deselected, the successor event of which is located within a very short applicable minimum display time interval, in order not to confuse the driver.
Finally, the event is preferably selected and, possibly, displayed on the message system HS, which is the event with the resultant minimum reduced setpoint speed vsoll_2=vsoll_min.
In
The refinements according to the invention as represented in
If multiple events are situated closely one behind the other on a road course, these are represented to the driver sequentially in the form of a superimposition of alerts and are adjusted one after the other. This results in rapidly changing superimpositions of alerts, which can confuse the driver. An appropriate control would result in a turbulent driving behavior.
The selected event, which has been expanded according to the invention, allows for a message display related to an event, which is understood by the driver as being plausible, and a calming of the message display that is represented to the driver. Confusion does not arise and more confidence in the automatic longitudinal guidance system is suggested to the driver. Moreover, independence from the message display and the event control is achieved.
Finally, for the sake of completeness, it is to be mentioned that the longitudinal driver assistance system according to the invention can be utilized not only for cruise control systems, but also for other types of assistance for the driver with respect to longitudinal guidance. For example, the longitudinal driver assistance system can also be designed, for example, as a speed limiting system, in the case of which a maximum permissible limiting speed is predefinable, and the functional unit is configured for preventing the predefined or set maximum permissible speed from being exceeded due to an appropriate actuation of the drive.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 2018 210 650.9 | Jun 2018 | DE | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2019/063860 | 5/28/2019 | WO | 00 |
