Patent Grant
11180915
This invention relates to structure lining apparatus. Particular embodiments of the invention provide structure lining apparatus for ceilings.
In some buildings or structures, walls and/or ceilings may be provided by one or more panels or claddings to improve aesthetics, facilitate cleaning, improve hygiene, etc.
A problem with prior art systems is that panels employed for ceilings tend to sag (e.g. in the inward-outward direction) under their own weight and the weight of anything supported by the panels (e.g. insulation). In other words, panels that have a relatively flat shape may develop a relatively convex shape. Sagging may occur across one or both of the longitudinal dimension of a panel and the transverse dimension of the panel. Typically, a region near the center of an unsupported region of a panel (e.g. a region that experiences sag in both the transverse and longitudinal dimensions) exhibits a maximum amount of sag.
Deformation of panels due to sagging can lead to a number of related problems including, without limitation, unsightly ceiling appearance, panel fatigue, reduction in structural integrity and/or the like.
One way to reduce sag is to reduce the length of unsupported sections of panel. This can be accomplished by increasing the number of roof trusses (or other supports for the panels). However, this technique is known to raise construction time and costs.
There is accordingly a general desire to provide a structure lining apparatus that minimizes and/or otherwise reduces (in relation to the prior art) outward deformation of panels due to sagging, without increasing construction time and costs.
Exemplary embodiments are illustrated in referenced figures of the drawings. It is intended that the embodiments and figures disclosed herein are to be considered illustrative rather than restrictive.
Throughout the following description specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding to persons skilled in the art. However, well known elements may not have been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the disclosure. Accordingly, the description and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative, rather than a restrictive, sense.
Particular aspects of the invention provide modular methods and apparatus for providing lining surfaces of a structure. In particular embodiments, a portion of a structure is lined with a structure lining apparatus comprising a plurality of structure lining panels and a plurality of panel-to-panel connector components to create a lining surface. The panels, which may extend in longitudinal and transverse directions, are interconnected with one another in edge-to-edge relationship at their longitudinally extending edges by the panel-to-panel connector components, to line at least a portion of the structure. The panel-to-panel connector components may: be integrally formed with the panels or connect to the panels via suitably configured connector components. The panel-to-panel connector components may comprise features which may extend in the longitudinal and transverse directions (e.g. in a plane parallel to the panels). In particular embodiments, the connecting features comprise double male/female connections. In some embodiments, the complementary connector components may be shaped to form a locked configuration by pivoting and/or sliding the connector components relative to one another.
In particular embodiments, the portion of the structure to be lined comprises a portion of a ceiling of the structure. In such embodiments, complementary connector components may be shaped such that a first connector component of a first panel can be at least partially suspended from a second connector component of a second panel during installation. In some embodiments, the suspended second panel may be connected to the first panel by pivoting the second panel and then sliding the first and second connector components toward one another to engage primary male and female connectors and optionally secondary male and female connectors of the first and second connector components to achieve a locked configuration.
One particular non-limiting example of a structure that might be lined with a structure lining apparatus according to the invention is a building have a roof supported by roof trusses, such as, a barn or hangar or any other building structure. In other embodiments, the structure may have a ceiling lined with plywood, or the like.
It should be understood that
In particular embodiments, panels 12 are fabricated from suitable plastic as a monolithic unit using an extrusion process. By way of non-limiting example, suitable plastics include: poly-vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or the like. In other embodiments, panels 12 may be fabricated from other suitable materials, such as composite materials (e.g. a combination of one or more resins and natural and/or synthetic materials), for example. Although extrusion is one particular technique for fabricating panels 12, other suitable fabrication techniques, such as injection molding, stamping, sheet metal fabrication techniques or the like may additionally or alternatively be used. In some embodiments the structure cladding may be made of material that is suitable for food storage applications. In some embodiments, the interfaces between adjacent panels are tight enough to be suitable for food storage applications. In some applications these interfaces are watertight.
In some embodiments, a surface of panels 12 may be provided with a non-smooth texture (e.g. roughened and/or piled texture) or other bondable surface (not explicitly shown) to facilitate bonding of panels 12 to concrete during fabrication (e.g. as the concrete solidifies). In particular embodiments, the non-smooth texture panels 12 may have a dimension (in inward-outward direction 24) that is greater than 2.5% of the thickness of panel 12 in inward-outward direction 24. In particular embodiments, the non-smooth texture of panel 12 may have a dimension (in inward-outward direction 24) that is greater than 1% of the thickness of panel 12 in inward-outward direction 24. In other embodiments, the non-smooth texture of panel 12 may have a dimension (in inward-outward direction 24) that is greater than 0.25% of the thickness of panel 12 in inward-outward direction 24. In some embodiments, panel 12 (and/or its inner surface) may comprise a material having physical or chemical properties that bonds naturally to concrete as the concrete solidifies (e.g. acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic or the like).
In some embodiments, panels 12 are prefabricated to have different longitudinal dimensions (double-headed arrow 19 of
First connector component 34 may comprise a primary female connector 35A and a secondary male connector 35B while second connector 36 may comprise a primary male connector 37A and a secondary female connector 37B. Connection 32 may be formed when primary male connector 37A engages primary female connector 35A and secondary male connector 35B engages secondary female connector 35B. This double male/female connector connection 32 functions to improve engagement of connection 32 and prevents disengagement of connection 32 upon sagging of one or more panels 12, or failure of one or more fasteners 50 and also serves to reduce sagging of panels 12 both longitudinally and transversely. In this way, it may be possible to employ panels 12 having greater transverse dimensions than is traditionally possible and/or safe.
First inner and outer components 34A, 34B may extend in a generally transverse direction 16 from longitudinally extending edge 20 of panel 12. In some embodiments, first inner component 34A extends generally parallel to first outer component 34B, although this is not mandatory. In some embodiments, a corner defined by an intersection of longitudinally extending edge 20 and first inner component 34A is reinforced with additional material or one or more trusses to reduce bending of first inner component 34A relative to longitudinally extending edge 20. A transverse dimension of first inner component 34A may be greater than a transverse dimension of first outer component 34B, as shown in
First inner component 34A may comprise a mounting tab 38 having one or more apertures for receiving fasteners 50 spaced apart longitudinally, although not depicted. The apertures of mounting tab may be circular or elongated. Mounting tab 38 may be similar to mounting tab 438 depicted in
A distal end of finger 34G comprises a first hook tip 34H extending in inward-outward direction 24 away from outer component 34B. First hook tip 34H may comprise a bevelled outer surface 34J and a first hook concavity surface 34K that defines a hooked concavity having an angle, γ1, with respect to second portion 34G-2. Angle, γ1, may be an acute angle (e.g. less than 90°, as is depicted in
First outer component 34B may comprise a barb 34D. Barb 34D extends from a distal end of first outer component 34B in a generally inward-outward direction 24 toward first inner component 34A, at an angle, θ. In some embodiments, angle θ is approximately equal to 90°, such as is depicted in
Outer surface 34M of first outer component 34B may define a groove 34F. Groove 34F may be located at a corner defined by outer surface 34M and barb 34D. Groove 34F may comprise any suitable cross-sectional shape in a plane defined by the transverse and inward-outward directions. Groove 34F may be shaped to receive a corresponding tongue of second connector 34, as discussed further herein.
Second inner component 36A may comprise a second finger 36G as best depicted in
Second outer component 36B may comprise a hook 36D as best depicted in
Outer surface 36M of second outer component 36B may extend past first hook portion 36D-1 to define a tongue 36F. Tongue 36F may extend in transverse direction 16 from one or both of outer surface 36M and first hook portion 36D-1. For example, tongue 36F may comprise any suitable cross-sectional shape in a plane defined by the transverse and inward-outward directions. Tongue 36F may be complementary in shape to groove 34F.
Although not depicted, one or more nubs may protrude from second hook portion 36D-2 in a generally inward-outward direction. The nubs may comprise any suitable shape. In some embodiments, the nubs are rounded so as to reduce friction between the nubs and inner connector component 34A as first and second connectors 34, 36 are slid together in transverse direction 16. The nubs may also contact inner connector component 34A when connection 32 is formed, thereby providing support to inner connector component 34A and reducing bending of inner connector component 34A. The nubs may also prevent hook 36D from moving in inward-outward direction 24 when connection 32 is formed, thereby increasing the security of connection 32 and helping to maintain hook 36D within recess 34C.
In some embodiments, second outer component 36B is solid while in other embodiments, second outer component 36B comprises an inner portion 36B-1 and an outer portion 36B-2 spaced apart by one or more channels 36B-3. The one or more channels 36B-3 may be separated from one another by one or more braces 36B-4. Channels 36B-3 and braces 36B-4 may increase the stiffness of second outer component 36B while minimizing the weight of second outer component 36B. Although not depicted, first inner component 34A may have a similar construction to second outer component 36B (e.g. it may be hollow and have one or more longitudinally extending channels formed therein).
As can be seen from
When first panel 12-1 is installed as a ceiling panel, second panel 12-2 may be able to hang from first panel 12-1 in the
As can be seen from
In other embodiments, hook 36D and recess 34C are shaped such that primary male connector 37A and primary female connector 35A may be connected by relative transverse movement of first and second connectors 34, 36 and without pivoting of panels 12-1, 12-2. In some embodiments, one or more of hook 36D and outer connector component 34B is resiliently deformed during the connection of primary male connector 37A and primary female connector 35A and is at least partially restoratively deformed to maintain the connection between primary male connector 37A and primary female connector 35A.
Rotation, or pivoting, of second panel 12-2 continues (e.g. as shown in
Connection 32 may be achieved by sliding second panel 12-2 in transverse direction 16 toward first panel 12-1 such that one or both of first finger 34G and second finger 36G resiliently deform to allow first hook tip 34H to pass over second hook tip 36H. To achieve this, one or both of first and second portions 34G-1, 34G-2 of first finger 34G may resiliently deform (e.g. first portion 34G-1 may move in transverse direction 16 and/or second portion 34G-2 may move in inward-outward direction 24) such that first hook tip 34H moves in inward-outward direction 24 to allow second hook tip 36H to move in transverse direction 16 over first hook tip 34H. Movement of first hook tip 34H may be facilitated by deformation of secondary male connector 35B which causes a reduction of angle α and/or an increase of angle β. As can be seen from
As can be seen by comparing
In
As first finger 34G lockingly engages second finger 36G, tongue 36F engages groove 34F to provide a substantially flat interface between outer surface 34M of first connector 34 and outer surface 36M of second connector 36. The engagement of tongue 36F and groove 34F may also serve to prevent relative pivotal motion between panels 12-1, 12-2 and inward-outward movement of first connector 34 relative to second connector 36 when connection 32 is formed so as to prevent first and second fingers 34G, 36G from becoming disengaged. Even if longitudinally extending edge 20 of panel 12-2 becomes disengaged from one or more supports 40A of structure 40, the connection between tongue 36F and groove 34F may serve to prevent relative pivoting of panels 12-1, 12-2 and may prevent panels 12-2 from falling from structure 40. In some embodiments, tongue 36F and groove 34F are separated by a sealing material 52, as discussed further herein. In some embodiments, tongue 36F and groove 34F and optionally sealing material 52 overlap in inward-outward direction 24 (e.g. a line drawn parallel to inward-outward direction 24 would intersect both of groove 34F and tongue 36F). Such overlap may serve to reduce or even prevent the ingress of water or dirt into connection 32 whether or not seal 52 is present. In some embodiments, where seal 52 is not present, tongue 36F and groove 34F may comprise a friction fit when connection 32 is formed to prevent ingress of undesired fluid or water into connection 32.
In some embodiments, an elastic or viscoelastic (e.g. flexible) seal 52 may be inserted between first and second connectors 34, 36 to help seal connection 32 and prevent or minimize the leakage of fluids (e.g. liquids or gasses) through connection 32. In some embodiments, seal 52 may be provided by a curable material (e.g. silicone, caulking, glue, a curable elastomer, a curable polyolefin and/or the like) which may be inserted between first and second connectors 34, 36 and may then be permitted to cure between first and second connectors 34, 36. Such a curable seal may bond (e.g. an adhesive bond, a bond involving a chemical reaction, a bond involving melting and re-solidifying a portion of panels 12 and/or the like) to one or more of the surfaces that define first and second connectors 34, 36. In some embodiments, seal 52 may be fabricated from a material that itself bonds to the surfaces of panels 12. In some embodiments, it may be desirable to interpose a primer, a bonding adhesive and/or the like between seal 52 and the surface(s) which define first and second connectors 34, 36 to make and/or to enhance the bond therebetween.
It is not necessary that seal 52 be provided by a curable material. In some embodiments, seal 52 may be provided by a suitably shaped solid flexible seal. Such a solid flexible seal may comprise elastomeric material, polyolefin material or any other suitable material. In some embodiments, such a solid seal may be bonded (e.g. an adhesive bond, a bond involving a chemical reaction, a bond involving melting and re-solidifying a portion of panels 12 and/or the like) to one or more of the surfaces of first and second connectors 34, 36.
In some embodiments, a sealing material may be provided on some surfaces of connector components 34, 36. Such sealing material may be relatively soft (e.g. elastomeric) when compared to the material from which the remainder of panel 12 is formed. Such sealing materials may be provided using a co-extrusion process or coated onto connector components 34, 36 after fabrication of panels 12, for example, and may help to make connection 32 impermeable to liquids or gasses. Suitable surface textures may also be applied to connector components 34, 36 to enhance the seal or friction between components 34, 36.
As can be seen from
Starter and end pieces 70, 75 may be applied to longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 to cover a corner of structure 40, for support or for esthetic, protective, or other reasons, as desired. For example, starter and end pieces 70, 75 may allow structure lining apparatus 10 to contact walls or vertical supports of structure 10 in a flush manner to reduce ingress of dirt, fluids or other unwanted substances into structure 40.
In some embodiments, trim pieces 80 may be applied to longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 without altering longitudinally extending edges 20, 22. In other embodiments, it may be more simple to cut off one or more parts of panels 12 to facilitate instillation of trim pieces 80, such as is shown in
In some embodiments, trim pieces 80 may be held in place on longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 by friction (e.g. trim pieces 80 may be restoratively deformed to fit onto longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 and may apply restorative deformation forces against longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 to create a friction fit). In some embodiments, trim pieces 80 may be attached to longitudinally extending edges 20, 22 and/or structure 40 by one or more fasteners or adhesive.
Flexible contact 90A may be upturned, bent or the like so as to deform out of the way if panel 12 moves or expands in transverse direction 16. A space 90C may be provided to provide flexible contact 90A with space to deform. In some embodiments, deformation of flexible contact 90A is elastic and flexible contact 90A may restoratively deform (i.e. return to, or close to, its original shape) when panel 12 is pulled away in transverse direction 16. In other embodiments, deformation of flexible contact 90C may be plastic. A space 90B may be provided between the end of panel 12 and trim piece 90-1 to allow for movement or expansion of panel 12.
Positioning arm 90D may be dimensioned such that if its distal end is placed against structure 40, trim piece 90-1 will be appropriately located relative to structure 40 for panel 12 to be installed in trim piece 90-1 without having to measure the location of trim piece 90-1. Although other embodiments of trim pieces 80, 90-2 are not depicted as including a positioning arm 90D, it should be understood that any of the trim pieces depicted or described herein could include a positioning arm 90D. Similarly, in some embodiments, trim piece 90-1 does not comprise a positioning arm 90D.
Referring to
Panel 12, of the illustrated embodiment, comprises an outer layer 12A which faces outwardly (e.g. away from supports 40A in
In some embodiments, outer layer 12A has a thickness (i.e. an inward-outward direction thickness) that is greater than a thickness (e.g. an inward-outward direction thickness) of inner layer 12B. For example, in some embodiments, the thickness of inner layer 12B is between 10% to 40% less than the thickness of outer layer 12A. In other words, a ratio of the thickness of outer layer 12A to thickness of inner layer 12B may be between 11:10 and 17:10. For example, in some embodiments, outer layer 12A is approximately 0.0045 inches (+/−0.001 inches) thick and inner layer 12B is approximately 0.0035 inches (+/−0.001 inches) thick. By employing a thicker outer layer 12B, panel 12 is less susceptible to damage by impact while reducing the weight of panel 12. Further, the stiffness of panel 12 is not substantially reduced since inner layer 12A is typically in compression and does not require the same thickness as outer layer 12B, which is typically in tension.
In the illustrated embodiment, outer layer 12A is substantially flat, although in other embodiments, outer layer 12A may be provided with desired shapes (e.g. corrugation, curvature, or the like). Inner layer 12B, as depicted, however, has one or more portions that are not substantially flat.
For example, in
Partially arcuate sections 12F-1, 12F-2 are characterized by flat sections 12F-1A, 12F-2A nearest to first and second connectors 34, 36 respectively and concave sections 12F-1B, 12F-2B adjacent to flat sections 12F-1A, 12F-2A respectively. Flat sections 12F-1A, 12F-2A may extend substantially parallel to outer layer 12A while concave sections 12F-1B, 12F-2B may extend toward outer layer 12A as they move away from longitudinally extending edges 20, 22. Partially arcuate sections 12F-1, 12F-2 may provide increased transverse and longitudinal stiffness near connectors 34, 36 to prevent sagging of panel 12. Partially arcuate sections 12F-1, 12F-2 may also serve to transition into first and second micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2 or macro arcuate section 12D in the case that first and second micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2 are not present in panel 12.
Micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2 each have an arcuate shape extending across their transverse dimensions to provide inward facing surfaces which are convex between longitudinally extending edges of micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2. Micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2 may provide increased transverse and longitudinal stiffness near partially arcuate sections 12F-1, 12F-2 to prevent sagging of panel 12.
The additional transverse and longitudinal stiffness provided by partially arcuate sections 12F-1, 12F-2 and micro arcuate sections 12E-1, 12E-2 may function to allow panel 12 to be employed in structures having larger spaces 40B between adjacent supports 40A due to the increased stiffness of panels 12, thereby reducing the number of supports 40A employed for a given structure 40, reducing the number of fasteners 50 to be employed, reducing costs of apparatus 10 and simplifying installation of apparatus 10.
Macro arcuate section 12D may have an arcuate shape extending across its transverse dimension to provide an inward facing layer 12B which is convex between longitudinally extending edges of macro arcuate section 12D. In some embodiments, macro arcuate section 12D may have an inward facing layer 12B that is concave between longitudinally extending edges of macro arcuate section 12D. In some embodiments, macro arcuate section 12D may have an outward facing layer 12A which is convex (see
Extending between outer layer 12A and inner layer 12B, panel 12 comprises a plurality of brace elements 13 as best seen in
This shape of outer and inner layers 12A, 12B and the orientations of brace elements 13 may reduce deformation due to sagging (in transverse and longitudinal directions 16, 19) in panel 12 as explained in more detail below. It will be appreciated that panel 12 of the illustrated embodiment comprises fourteen pairs of brace elements 13 that are symmetrical with respect to notional mid-plane 42, but that in other embodiment, panel 12 may comprise other numbers of pairs of symmetrical brace elements or panel 12 may comprise an odd number of brace elements that may, or may not, be symmetrical about mid-plane 42.
The configuration of panels 12 (including the shape of inner layer 12B and the orientations of brace elements 13) may tend to reduce the deformation of panels 12 (or at least the deformation of outer layers 12A of panels 12) relative to that of prior art panels. More particularly, the convex (and arcuate convex) shapes of inner layer 12B may form arcuate quasi-truss configurations which tends to redirect outward forces to the longitudinally extending edges of panels 12, but since panels 12 are attached to structure 40 at their longitudinally extending edges, this redirection of outward forced may result in relatively little deformation of outer layers 12A of panels 12. Additionally, within panels 12 (i.e. between inner layer 12B and outer layer 12A), adjacent brace elements 13 themselves have transverse cross-sections that provide a series of transversely-adjacent longitudinally-extending quasi-truss configurations. Further, inner layers of panel 12 may be able to deform into the spaces between the contact regions of brace elements 13. Another advantage of brace elements 13 is that they may provide outer layer 12A with strength against deformation caused by any external force oriented toward panel 12 and inner layer 12B with strength against deformation caused by insulation or the like.
In addition to the truss like characteristics of outer layers 12A, inner layers 12B and brace elements 13 of panels 12, these features may also provide some insulating properties which may reduce the rate of transfer of heat across panels 12 relative to prior art panels. In some instances, the spaces between outer layers 12A, inner layers 12B and brace elements 13 of panels 12 may be filled with insulation which may further enhance this insulation effect.
In some embodiments, panel 12 may comprises a plurality (e.g. fourteen in the illustrated embodiment) of ribs 28 which project inwardly from inner layer 12B of panel 12.
In other embodiments, panel 12 may be provided with different numbers of ribs 28 which may be spaced apart from one another along the transverse dimension of panel 12. Ribs 28 may be longitudinally co-extensive with panel 12—i.e. ribs 28 may extend into an out of the page of
In addition to providing increased stiffness of panel 12, ribs 28 may be sized and/or shaped to permit stacking of panels 12 for storage and shipping. More particularly, ribs 28 may be sized and/or shaped such that the innermost extent 28A of ribs 28 is co-planar with an apex 44 of the convexity of macro arcuate section 12D of inner layer 12B in a plane substantially parallel to outer layer 12A. For example, as shown in
As compared to panel 12, panel 12′ also comprises one or more additional fastener locator features 50A. Fastener locator features 50A may comprise one or more protrusions on mounting tab 38′. Fastener locator features 50A may serve to help position fasteners 50 when installing panel 12′. Fastener locater features 50A may also serve to prevent fastener 50 from being overtightened. Fastener locater features 50A may also serve to reduce friction between fastener 50 and mounting tab 38′ to allow panel 12′ to move relative to fastener 50, as needed, such as to allow for thermal expansion/contraction of panel 12′. Fastener locater features 50A may also serve to reduce the likelihood of mounting tab 38′ breaking due to overtightening of fastener 50. Fastener locater features 50A may also serve to align a punching tool employed for creating one or more apertures in mounting tab 38′ for receiving fasteners 50. It should be understood that any of the embodiments herein may comprise one or more fastener locator features 50A as in the
As depicted in
As shown in
Although only one internal stiffener is depicted in
Internal stiffener 150 may comprise any suitable material. For example, internal stiffener 150 may comprise a pultruded fiber reinforced polymer composite, or an extruded polymer. By way of non-limiting example, suitable polymers include: poly-vinyl chloride (PVC), acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) or the like. In other embodiments, internal stiffener 150 may be fabricated from other suitable materials, such as composite materials (e.g. a combination of one or more resins and natural and/or synthetic materials), for example. Although pultrusion and extrusion are particular techniques for fabricating stiffeners 150, other suitable fabrication techniques, such as injection molding, stamping, sheet metal fabrication techniques or the like may additionally or alternatively be used.
Internal stiffener could be manufactured concurrently with panel 112, such as by extrusion. In other embodiments, internal stiffener is installed into panel 112 after panel 112 is fabricated. Due to the tight fit between internal stiffener 150 and panel 112, it may be difficult to install internal stiffener 150 in panel 112. In some embodiments, internal stiffener is cooled so as to allow internal stiffener to contract to facilitate sliding of stiffener 150 into panel 112. In other embodiments, panel 112 may be heated so as to allow panel 112 to expand to facilitate sliding of stiffener 150 into panel 112. After internal stiffener 150 is installed in channel 115, panel 112 and stiffener 150 may be allowed to return to ambient temperature to achieve a tight fit between stiffener 150 and channel 115.
In general, panels 12 may be attached to one or more supports 40A of structure 40 by fasteners 50 which extend through their mounting tabs 38. Fasteners 50 may comprise any suitable fasteners, including screws, nails, bolts, staples, etc. In some embodiments, structure cladding 10 is mounted to one or more supports 40A of structure 40 by other means, such as suitable adhesives and/or the like. Mounting tab 38 may comprise part of first inner component 34A. For example, mounting tab 38 may include one or more apertures defined by first inner component 34A for receiving fasteners 50. The aperture may be substantially circular or may be elongated to allow for some movement of panel 12 relative to structure 40 (e.g. to accommodate thermal expansion/contraction). In some embodiments, a plurality of fasteners 50 are spaced apart from one another along the longitudinal dimensions of panels 12 (such as in, for example,
In
Any suitable number of panels 12 may be installed adjacent to one another in this manner. Panels 12 may continue to be installed until an entire surface of a structure 40 is lined with panels 12. If, after a number of panels are installed on a surface of structure 40, there is insufficient transverse space for an additional panel 12 to be installed, longitudinally extending edge 20 of a panel 12 may be cut so as to shorten a transverse dimension of panel 12 before installing it in the remaining space on the surface of structure 40.
Structure 40 may comprise any suitable structure. Structure 40 may comprise drywall, gyprock, studs, concrete, furring strips, plywood, masonry, stucco, other wall layers, etc. Structure 40 may comprise the floor, ceiling, roof, exterior walls, interior walls, etc. of a structure. Structure 40 may comprise all of or a portion of a building, barn, silo, food storage container, car wash, factory, etc. Structure 40 may be rectilinear or curved. Where structure 40 is curved, panels 21 may be curved to match the curvature of structure 40. Additionally or alternatively, panels 12 may be deformable such that they can be deformed to match the curvature of structure 40. Supports 40A of structure 40 may comprise any suitable supports such as truss members, plywood panels, roofing beams, etc.
First connector component 234 may comprise a primary female connector 237A and a secondary male connector 235B while second connector 236 may comprise a primary male connector 235A and a secondary female connector 237B. Connection 232 is formed when the primary male connector engages the primary female connector and the secondary male connector engages the secondary female connector. This double male/female connector connection 232 functions to improve engagement of connection 232 and prevent disengagement upon sagging of one or more panels 212, or failure of one or more fasteners 250 and also serves to reduce sagging of panels 212 both longitudinally and transversely.
As can be seen from
First outer component 234B may also be different from first outer component 34B in that first outer component 234B may be hollow and does not comprise a barb 34D. Instead, first outer component comprises a tongue 234D that has an inward-outward dimension that increases towards its transverse distal end such that recess 234C has an inward-outward dimension that decreases toward its distal end. This is not necessary, tongue 234D may have a constant inward-outward dimension along its transverse length. Like seal 52, a seal 252 may be located a distal end of tongue 234D to improve connection 232.
As can be seen from
Given the similarity of panels 12 and panels 212, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 212 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 12. However, since there is no hook 36D on panel 212, panel 212-2 may not be able to hang from panel 212-1 during installation. Nonetheless, with panels 212-1 and 212-2 oriented at an angle of between 10-80° of one another, a distal end of tongue 236D may be inserted into recess 234C, as shown in
Referring to
First connector component 334 may comprise a primary female connector 337A and a secondary male connector 335B while second connector 336 may comprise a primary male connector 335A and a secondary female connector 337B. Connection 332 is formed when the primary male connector engages the primary female connector and the secondary male connector engages the secondary female connector. This double male/female connector connection 332 functions to improve engagement of connection 332 and prevent disengagement upon sagging of one or more panels 312, or failure of one or more fasteners 350 and also serves to reduce sagging of panels 312 both longitudinally and transversely.
First connector 334 comprises a primary female connector 337A defined by a first inner component 334A and a first outer component 334B and a secondary male connector 335B comprising first tongue 334G. First outer component 334B is substantially similar to first outer component 234B. First inner component is substantially similar to first inner component 34B except that it comprises tongue 334H at its distal end instead of hook tip 34H.
Second connector 336 comprises a primary male connector 335A comprising a second outer component 336B having a tongue 336D and a secondary female connector 337B defined by second inner component 336A and second outer component 336B.
Second outer component 336B is substantially similar to second outer component 236B. Second inner component is substantially similar to second inner component 36B except that it comprises tongue 336H at its distal end instead of hook tip 36H.
Given the similarity of panels 212 and panels 312, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 312 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 212. However, since there are no hook tips 34H, 36H, secondary male and female connectors 35B, 37B may be connected without deformation (or with less deformation) of first and second inner components 334A, 336A. For example,
First connector component 434 may comprise a primary female connector 435 while second connector 436 may comprise a primary male connector 437. Connection 432 is formed when the primary male connector engages the primary female connector.
First connector 334 comprises a primary female connector 437 defined by a first inner component 434A and a first outer component 434B. First outer component 434B is substantially similar to first outer component 334B.
Second connector 436 comprises a primary male connector 437 comprising a second outer component 436B having a tongue 436D. Second outer component 436B is substantially similar to second outer component 336B.
Given the similarity of panels 412 and panels 312, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 412 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 312 (or 12, 112, 212 etc.) except that there are no secondary male and female connectors to engage.
In some embodiments, first inner components 434 comprise mounting tabs 438 (e.g. similar to mounting tabs 38) which define apertures 440 for receiving fasteners (such as fasteners, 50, 250, 350 etc.). Apertures 440 may be circular or elongated in shape, such as depicted in
First connector component 734 may comprise a primary female connector 735 while second connector 736 may comprise a primary male connector 737. Connection 732 is formed when the primary male connector engages the primary female connector. Primary female connector 735 may be substantially similar to primarily female connector 35A and primary male connector 737 may be substantially similar to primary male connector 37A, although this is not mandatory.
Given the similarity of panels 712 and panels 12, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 712 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 12 (or 112, 212, 312 etc.) except that there are no secondary male and female connectors to engage.
First connector component 834 may comprise a primary female connector 835 while second connector 836 may comprise a primary male connector 837. Connection 832 is formed when the primary male connector engages the primary female connector.
First connector 834 comprises a primary female connector 837 defined by a first inner component 834A and a first outer component 834B. A recess 834C is defined between first inner component 834A and first outer component 834B. Locator 895 protrudes into recess 834C. While locator 895 is depicted as protruding (relatively upwards as shown in
Second connector 836 comprises a primary male connector 837 comprising a second outer component 836B having a tongue 836D. Second outer component 836B is substantially similar to second outer component 436B.
Given the similarity of panels 812 and panels 412, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 812 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 412 (or 12, 112, 212 etc.) except that locator 895 is present. Locator 895 may be shaped to contact tongue 836D as tongue 836D is extended into recess 834C. Locator 895 may serve to guide an installer as to how far tongue 836D should extend into recess 834C. For example, as an installer forces tongue 836D into recess 834C, locator 895 may provide resistance as locator 895 contacts tongue 836D and begins to deform. This may signal to the installer that tongue 836D is sufficiently extended into recess 834C. Locator 895 may be shaped to contact tongue 836D when the spacing 831 between edge 836F of second connector 836 and first outer component 834B is as desired. In this way, locator 895 may serve to maintain a sufficient gap 831 between edge 836F of second connector 836 and first outer component 834B to allow for movement and or expansion of panels 812. Despite the contact of locator 895 with tongue 836D and possible deformation of locator 895 during formation of connection 832, panels 812 may still be able to move relatively closer together due to movement of panels 812 or expansion through deformation of locator 895. For example, by comparing
In some embodiments, contact of locator 895 with connector 836 (or connector 834 as the case may be) may create an air-tight and/or liquid-tight seal. Such seal may increase the thermal resistivity of connection 832 and/or may allow panels 812 to be employed in a wider variety of environments.
Although panels 12, 112, 212, etc. are not depicted as comprising a locator 895 or similar, it should be understood by one of skill in the art that any of panels 12, 112, 212, etc. or any other panel described or depicted herein could comprise a locator 895.
First connector component 934 may comprise a primary female connector 935 and a tertiary female connector 994 while second connector 936 may comprise a primary male connector 937 and tertiary male connector 992. Connection 932 is formed when primary male connector 937 engages primary female connector 935 and tertiary male connector 992 engages tertiary female connector 994.
First connector 934 comprises a primary female connector 935 defined by a first inner component 934A and a first outer component 934B. A recess 934C is defined between first inner component 934A and first outer component 934B. First connector 934 comprises a tertiary female connector 994 defined by a first inner component 994A and a first outer component 994B. A recess 994C is defined between first inner component 994A and first outer component 994B. Serrations or teeth 993 may protrude from one or more of first inner component 994A and first outer component 994B into recess 994C. Serrations or teeth 993 may reduce friction between tertiary male connector 992 and tertiary female connector 994. Serrations or teeth 993 are not mandatory.
Second connector 936 comprises a primary male connector 937 comprising a second outer component 936B having a tongue 936D. Second outer component 936B is substantially similar to second outer component 436B. Second connector 936 also comprises a tertiary male connector 992. Although not depicted, tertiary male connector 992 may comprise serrations or teeth protruding therefrom to engage tertiary female connector 994 and/or serrations or teeth 993 of tertiary female connector 994.
In some embodiments, an inward surface 994A-1 of first inner component 994A is beveled so as to increase the opening of recess 934C and facilitate insertion of tongue 936D into recess 934C. This is not mandatory. Although such a bevel not be depicted in other embodiments described herein (e.g. panels 312, 412, 812, etc.), it should be understood that such panels could be modified to include such a beveled surface.
In some embodiments, a seal 952 is provided on at least a portion of one or both of tertiary male connector 992 and tertiary female connector 994 to prevent ingress of fluid between tertiary male connector 992 and tertiary female connector 994. Seal 952 may be substantially similar to seals 52, 252 described herein. In the
Given the similarity of panels 912 and panels 412, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 912 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 412 (or 12, 112, 212 etc.) except that tertiary male connector 932 is extended into tertiary female connector 934 as the connection is made. Serrations or teeth 993 may serve to decrease friction between tertiary male connector 992 and tertiary female connector 994 to facilitate insertion of tertiary male connector 992 into tertiary female connector 994.
Although panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. are not depicted as comprising tertiary male and female connectors 992, 994 or similar, it should be understood by one of skill in the art that any of panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. or any other panel described or depicted herein could comprise tertiary male and female connectors 992, 994.
First connector component 1034 may comprise a primary female connector 1035A, a secondary male connector 10356 and a tertiary female connector 1094 while second connector 1036 may comprise a primary male connector 1037A, a secondary female connector 1037B and a tertiary male connector 1092. Connection 1032 is formed when primary male connector 1037 engages primary female connector 1035, secondary male connector 10356 engages secondary female connector 10376 and tertiary male connector 1092 engages tertiary female connector 1094.
First connector 1034 comprises a primary female connector 1035A defined by a first inner component 1034A and a first outer component 10346. A recess 1034C is defined between first inner component 1034A and first outer component 1034B. First inner component comprises a tongue 1034H. First connector 1034 comprises a secondary male connector 1035B comprising a first tongue 1036H. First connector 1034 comprises a tertiary female connector 1094 defined by a first inner component 1094A and a first outer component 10946. A recess 1094C is defined between first inner component 1094A and first outer component 10946. Serrations or teeth 1093 may protrude from one or more of first inner component 1094A and first outer component 10946 into recess 1094C. Serrations or teeth 1093 are not mandatory.
Second connector 1036 comprises a primary male connector 1037A comprising a second outer component 10366 having a tongue 1036D and a secondary female connector 10376 defined by second inner component 1036A and second outer component 10366. Second outer component 10366 is substantially similar to second outer component 336B. Second inner component is substantially similar to second inner component 336A and comprises a tongue 1036H. Second connector 1036 comprises a secondary female connector 10376 defined by second inner component 1036A and second outer component 1036. Second connector 1036 also comprises a tertiary male connector 1092. Although not depicted, tertiary male connector 1092 may comprise serrations or teeth protruding therefrom to engage tertiary female connector 1094 and/or serrations or teeth 1093 of tertiary female connector 1094.
In some embodiments, a seal 1052 is provided on at least a portion of one or both of tertiary male connector 1092 and tertiary female connector 1094 to prevent ingress of fluid between tertiary male connector 1092 and tertiary female connector 1094. Seal 1052 may be substantially similar to seals 52, 252, 952 described herein. In the
Given the similarity of panels 1012 and panels 312, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 1012 may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 312 (or 12, 112, 212 etc.) except that tertiary male connector 1032 is extended into tertiary female connector 1034 as the connection is made. Serrations or teeth 1093 may serve to decrease friction between tertiary male connector 1092 and tertiary female connector 1094 to facilitate inserting tertiary male connector 1092 into tertiary female connector 1094.
Although panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. are not depicted as comprising tertiary male and female connectors 1092, 1094 or similar, it should be understood by one of skill in the art that any of panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. or any other panel described or depicted herein could comprise tertiary male and female connectors 1092, 1094.
First connector component 1134 may comprise a primary female connector 1135 while second connector 1136 may comprise a primary male connector 1137. Connection 1132 is formed when primary male connector 1137 engages primary female connector 1135.
First connector 1134 comprises a primary female connector 1135 defined by a first inner component 1134A and a first outer component 11346. A recess 1134C is defined between first inner component 1134A and first outer component 11346.
First outer component may comprise one or more seal retaining features 1154. In some embodiments, first outer component 11346 defines a channel 1155 for receiving a first retainer portion 1152A of a seal 1152. Seal 1152 (like other seals discussed herein) may serve to prevent or reduce ingress of unwanted fluid, dirt and/or debris into connection 1132. Seal 1152 may be substantially similar to any seals discussed herein. Seal 1152 may be an elastic or viscoelastic (e.g. flexible) material. Engagement of first retainer portion 1152A and channel 1155 may serve to retain seal 1152 in a desired location. In the illustrated embodiment, channel 1155 is located such that seal 1152 is positioned between first outer component 1134B of first panel 1112-1 and edge 1136F of second panel 1112-2. This is not mandatory, channel 1155 may be located anywhere so as to position seal in connection 1132 in contact with adjacent portions of first connector component 1134 of first panel 1112-1 and second connector component 1132 of second panel 1112-2.
In some embodiments, first retainer portion 1152A has a “T” shaped cross-section that may be slid longitudinally into channel 1155. In other embodiments, first retainer portion 1152A has an arrowhead shaped cross-section or similar that may be pushed transversely into channel 1155. In other embodiments, first retainer portion 1152A may have other cross-sectional shapes. In some embodiments, first retainer portion 1152A is may be resiliently deformed during installation into channel 1155 and may exhibit restorative deformation after insertion into channel 1155 to hold first retainer portion 1152A in channel 1155.
Second connector 1136 comprises a primary male connector 1137 comprising a second outer component 1136B having a tongue 1136D. Second outer component 1136B is substantially similar to second outer component 436B.
It should be understood that edge 1136F could also or alternatively have one or more seal retaining features (e.g. channels or the like) for receiving a retaining portion of seal 1152. For example,
Given the similarity of panels 1112, 1112′ and panels 412, it should be evident to a person of skill in the art that panels 1112, 1112′ may be attached to one another in a similar method as described herein in relation to panels 412 (or 12, 112, 212 etc.) except that seal 1152 is present.
Although panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. are not depicted as comprising a seal 1152, 1152′ or similar, it should be understood by one of skill in the art that any of panels 212, 312, 412, 812, etc. or any other panel described or depicted herein could comprise a seal 1152, 1152′ or similar.
Another aspect of the invention provides a mounting tab reinforcer for reinforcing a mounting tab of a panel. The mounting tab reinforcer may comprise one or more locator features for maintaining desired positioning of the mounting tab reinforcement relative to the mounting tab of a panel. In some embodiments, the mounting tab reinforcer wraps around at least a portion of the mounting tab. In other embodiments, the mounting tab reinforcer does not wrap around any portion of the mounting tab.
Reinforcer 500 may comprise any suitable material, such as for example, a polymer material, a composite material, a metal material (e.g. spring steel) or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, reinforcer 500 comprises the same material as panel 412. In other embodiments, reinforcer 500 comprises a different material than panel 412. In some embodiments, reinforcer 500 comprises a material having a greater Young's modulus than that of panel 412, although this is not mandatory. Reinforcer 500 may be made using any suitable technique, such as, but not limited to pultrusion, injection molding, casting, etc.
Reinforcer 500 comprises a first body portion 510 and a second body portion 530 attached together by an edge 520 to define a space 515 between first and second body portions 510, 530. Edge 520 may have an inward-outward dimension that is similar to or greater than an inward-outward dimension of mounting tab 438 to prevent unwanted deformation of reinforcer 500 when installed on panel 412. Reinforcer 500 may be formed as a single piece or may comprise a plurality of pieces joined together by suitable means.
For example, first body portion 510 and second body portion 530 may be separate parts joined together by, for example, a separate edge 520 using a suitable bonding technique, welding or one or more fasteners.
As can be seen from
Locator features 540 may be employed to ensure desired positioning of reinforcer 500 relative to apertures 440 of panel 412 (or another suitable panel). Locator features 540 may comprise any suitable features. For example, in the
Reinforcer 500 may be installed on panel 412 (or another suitable panel) by sliding reinforcer 500 relative to panel 412 until locators 540 protrude into the desired apertures 440. In some embodiments, this comprises sliding reinforcer 500 in transverse direction 16 toward panel 412. To ease insertion of mounting tab into space 515, a distal end 512 of first body portion 510 may be beveled or up-turned. Similarly, to ease insertion of protrusions 542 into apertures 440, distal ends 544 of locators 540 may be beveled or up-turned.
Protrusions 542 may have a transverse width equal to or approximately equal to (e.g. plus or minus 10%) the transverse width of apertures 440 to reduce relative transverse movement between reinforcer 500 and panel 412
As protrusion 542 contacts panel 412, each locator 540 may be resiliently deformed in inward-outward direction 24 such that panel 412 can pass deeper into space 515. Once protrusions 542 reach apertures 440, each locator 540 may partially or completely restoratively deform to its non-deformed shape and protrude into aperture 440 due to restorative deformation forces caused by the resilient deformation of locator 540. This resilient and restorative deformation may improve the connection between panel 412 and reinforcer 500 and may serve to securely hold reinforcer 500 in alignment with aperture 440. In other embodiments, reinforcer 500 may be slid onto mounting tab 438 in longitudinal direction 19.
Reinforcer 500 may serve to reinforce aperture 440 to prevent pull-through of fasteners (e.g. fasteners 50, 250 etc.) by spreading the forces associated with the fastener across a larger surface area of mounting tab 438. Reinforcer 500 may also serve to increase the longitudinal stiffness of panel 414, thereby allowing panels 412 to be employed across larger unsupported spans (e.g. spaces 40B). Reinforcer 500 may also be employed to improve any panels, including but not limited to pre-existing panels that have issues with pull-through and/or are not sufficiently stiff for a desired application.
Reinforcer 600 may comprise any suitable material, such as for example, a polymer material, a composite material, a metal material (e.g. spring steel) or some combination thereof. In some embodiments, reinforcer 600 comprises the same material as panel 412. In other embodiments, reinforcer 600 comprises a different material than panel 412. In some embodiments, reinforcer 600 comprises a material having a greater Young's modulus than that of panel 412, although this is not mandatory. Reinforcer 600 may be made using any suitable technique, such as, but not limited to pultrusion, injection molding, casting, etc.
Reinforcer 600 comprises a body portion 610 that is generally elongated in longitudinal direction 19. First and second flanges 620-1, 620-2 may protrude in inward-outward direction 24 from longitudinally extending edges of body portion 610 to increase the longitudinal stiffness of reinforcer 600. Body portion 610 may be arcuate across its longitudinal dimension such that a top surface 610A of body portion 610 is convex. The arcuate shape of body portion 610 may reduce the likelihood of overtightening a fastener 50 (250, 350, etc.) installed in aperture 650 due to the restorative deformation forces associated with the resilient deformation of body 610 as it is flattened out from tightening of fastener 50.
As can be seen from
Locator features 640 may be employed to ensure desired positioning of reinforcer 600 relative to apertures 440 of panel 412 (or another suitable panel). Locator features 640 may comprise any suitable features. For example, in the
Each protrusion 642 may protrude into an adjacent aperture 440 when installed. For example, as best seen from
Reinforcer 600 may serve to reinforce aperture 440 to prevent overtightening of fasteners (e.g. fasteners 50, 250 etc.) and pull-through of fasteners (e.g. fasteners 50, 250 etc.) by spreading the forces associated with the fastener across a larger surface area of mounting tab 438. Reinforcer 600 may also serve to increase the longitudinal stiffness of panel 414, thereby allowing panels 412 to be employed across larger unsupported spans (e.g. spaces 40B). Reinforcer 600 may also be employed to improve any panels, including but not limited to pre-existing panels that have issues with pull-through and/or are not sufficiently stiff for a desired application.
Where a component is referred to above, unless otherwise indicated, reference to that component (including a reference to a “means”) should be interpreted as including as equivalents of that component any component which performs the function of the described component (i.e. that is functionally equivalent), including components which are not structurally equivalent to the disclosed structure which performs the function in the illustrated exemplary embodiments of the invention.
Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and any accompanying claims (where present), the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, that is, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variant thereof, means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling or connection between the elements can be physical, logical, or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below,” and words of similar import, shall refer to this document as a whole and not to any particular portions. Where the context permits, words using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.
As will be apparent to those skilled in the art in the light of the foregoing disclosure, many alterations and modifications are possible in the practice of this invention without departing from the spirit or scope thereof. For example:
While a number of exemplary aspects and embodiments have been discussed above, those of skill in the art will recognize certain modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations thereof. It is therefore intended that the following appended aspects and aspects hereafter introduced are interpreted to include all such modifications, permutations, additions and sub-combinations as are within their true spirit and scope.
This application is a continuation of Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application No. PCT/CA2018/050409 having an international filing date of 3 Apr. 2018. PCT application No. PCT/CA2018/050409 in turn claims priority from (and the benefit under 35 USC § 119 of) U.S. application No. 62/578,287 filed 27 Oct. 2017 and U.S. application No. 62/481,111 filed 3 Apr. 2017. All of the applications referenced in this paragraph are hereby incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 154179 | Hubert | Aug 1874 | A |
| 374826 | Clarke | Dec 1887 | A |
| 510720 | Stewart, Jr. | Dec 1893 | A |
| 820246 | Nidds | May 1906 | A |
| 1035206 | Lewen | Aug 1912 | A |
| 1080221 | Jester | Dec 1913 | A |
| 1175168 | Moulton | Mar 1916 | A |
| 1244608 | Hicks | Oct 1917 | A |
| 1276147 | White | Aug 1918 | A |
| 1345156 | Flynn | Jun 1920 | A |
| 1423879 | Potter | Jul 1922 | A |
| 1540570 | Roberts | Jun 1925 | A |
| 1637410 | Corybell | Aug 1927 | A |
| 1653197 | Barnes | Dec 1927 | A |
| 1715466 | Miller | Jun 1929 | A |
| 1820897 | White et al. | Aug 1931 | A |
| 1875242 | Hathaway | Aug 1932 | A |
| 1915611 | Miller | Jun 1933 | A |
| 1963153 | Schmieder | Jun 1934 | A |
| 2008162 | Waddell | Jul 1935 | A |
| 2050258 | Bemis | Aug 1936 | A |
| 2059483 | Parsons | Nov 1936 | A |
| 2073278 | Hohl | Mar 1937 | A |
| 2076472 | London | Apr 1937 | A |
| 2164681 | Fould | Jul 1939 | A |
| 2172052 | Robbins | Sep 1939 | A |
| 2326361 | Jacobsen | Aug 1943 | A |
| 2354485 | Slaughter | Jul 1944 | A |
| 2845685 | Lovgren et al. | Aug 1958 | A |
| 2861277 | Hermann | Nov 1958 | A |
| 2871619 | Walters | Feb 1959 | A |
| 2892340 | Fort | Jun 1959 | A |
| 2928115 | Hill | Mar 1960 | A |
| 3043407 | Marryatt | Jul 1962 | A |
| 3063122 | Katz | Nov 1962 | A |
| 3100677 | Frank et al. | Aug 1963 | A |
| 3128851 | Deridder et al. | Apr 1964 | A |
| 3152354 | Diack | Oct 1964 | A |
| 3184013 | Pavlecka | May 1965 | A |
| 3196990 | Handley | Jul 1965 | A |
| 3199258 | Jentoft et al. | Aug 1965 | A |
| 3220151 | Goldman | Nov 1965 | A |
| 3242834 | Sondheim | Mar 1966 | A |
| 3288427 | Pluckebaum | Nov 1966 | A |
| 3291437 | Bowden et al. | Dec 1966 | A |
| 3301147 | Clayton | Jan 1967 | A |
| 3385182 | Harvey | May 1968 | A |
| 3468088 | Miller | Sep 1969 | A |
| 3545152 | Knohl | Dec 1970 | A |
| 3555751 | Thorgusen | Jan 1971 | A |
| 3555762 | Costanzo | Jan 1971 | A |
| 3588027 | Bowden | Jun 1971 | A |
| 3667177 | Biela | Jun 1972 | A |
| 3682434 | Boenig | Aug 1972 | A |
| 3688460 | Van Loghem et al. | Sep 1972 | A |
| 3760544 | Hawes et al. | Sep 1973 | A |
| 3769769 | Kohl | Nov 1973 | A |
| 3788020 | Gregori | Jan 1974 | A |
| 3813839 | Simpson, Jr. | Jun 1974 | A |
| 3822557 | Frederick | Jul 1974 | A |
| 3886705 | Cornland | Jun 1975 | A |
| 3951294 | Wilson | Apr 1976 | A |
| 3991636 | Devillers | Nov 1976 | A |
| 4023374 | Colbert et al. | May 1977 | A |
| 4060945 | Wilson | Dec 1977 | A |
| 4067155 | Ruff et al. | Jan 1978 | A |
| 4104837 | Naito | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4106233 | Horowitz | Aug 1978 | A |
| 4114388 | Straub | Sep 1978 | A |
| 4162640 | Arnold | Jul 1979 | A |
| 4180956 | Gross | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4182087 | Schall et al. | Jan 1980 | A |
| 4193243 | Tiner | Mar 1980 | A |
| 4276730 | Lewis | Jul 1981 | A |
| 4299070 | Ottmanns et al. | Oct 1981 | A |
| 4315390 | Schaafsma | Feb 1982 | A |
| 4332119 | Toews | Jun 1982 | A |
| 4351870 | English | Sep 1982 | A |
| 4383674 | Fricker | May 1983 | A |
| 4385850 | Bobath | May 1983 | A |
| 4386543 | Walker, Jr. | Jun 1983 | A |
| 4430831 | Kemp | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4433522 | Yerushalmi | Feb 1984 | A |
| 4434597 | Fischer | Mar 1984 | A |
| 4508310 | Schultz | Apr 1985 | A |
| 4532745 | Kinard | Aug 1985 | A |
| 4543764 | Kozikowski | Oct 1985 | A |
| 4550539 | Foster | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4553875 | Casey | Nov 1985 | A |
| 4575985 | Eckenrodt | Mar 1986 | A |
| 4581864 | Shvakhman et al. | Apr 1986 | A |
| 4601149 | Dokan | Jul 1986 | A |
| 4606167 | Thorne | Aug 1986 | A |
| 4633558 | Spaulding | Jan 1987 | A |
| 4695033 | Imaeda et al. | Sep 1987 | A |
| 4703602 | Pardo | Nov 1987 | A |
| 4731964 | Phillips | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4736563 | Bilhorn | Apr 1988 | A |
| 4731971 | Terkl | May 1988 | A |
| 4742665 | Baierl | May 1988 | A |
| 4754668 | Oetiker | Jul 1988 | A |
| 4808039 | Fischer | Feb 1989 | A |
| 4856754 | Yokota et al. | Aug 1989 | A |
| 4866891 | Young | Sep 1989 | A |
| 4892052 | Zook | Jan 1990 | A |
| 4912900 | Yeamans | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4913576 | Grant, Jr. | Apr 1990 | A |
| 4930282 | Meadows | Jun 1990 | A |
| 4946056 | Stannard | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4951992 | Hockney | Aug 1990 | A |
| 4995191 | Davis | Feb 1991 | A |
| 5014480 | Guarriello et al. | May 1991 | A |
| 5028368 | Grau | Jul 1991 | A |
| 5050362 | Tai | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5058855 | Ward | Oct 1991 | A |
| 5078360 | Spera | Jan 1992 | A |
| 5106233 | Breaux | Apr 1992 | A |
| 5124102 | Serafini | Jun 1992 | A |
| 5155952 | Herwegh et al. | Oct 1992 | A |
| 5170605 | Huddle | Dec 1992 | A |
| 5185193 | Phenicie | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5187843 | Lynch | Feb 1993 | A |
| 5216863 | Nessa et al. | Jun 1993 | A |
| 5243805 | Fricker | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5247773 | Weir | Sep 1993 | A |
| 5265750 | Whiteley | Nov 1993 | A |
| 5292208 | Berger | Mar 1994 | A |
| 5311718 | Trousilek | May 1994 | A |
| 5392576 | Yeamans | Feb 1995 | A |
| 5465545 | Trousilek | Nov 1995 | A |
| 5489468 | Davidson | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5491947 | Kim | Feb 1996 | A |
| 5513474 | Scharkowski | May 1996 | A |
| 5516863 | Abusleme et al. | May 1996 | A |
| 5553430 | Majnaric et al. | Sep 1996 | A |
| 5591265 | Tusch | Jan 1997 | A |
| 5608999 | McNamara | Mar 1997 | A |
| 5625989 | Brubaker et al. | May 1997 | A |
| 5678383 | Danielewicz | Oct 1997 | A |
| 5714045 | Lasa et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
| 5729944 | De Zen | Mar 1998 | A |
| 5740648 | Piccone | Apr 1998 | A |
| 5747134 | Mohammed et al. | May 1998 | A |
| 5758467 | Snear | Jun 1998 | A |
| 5791103 | Coolman | Aug 1998 | A |
| 5816010 | Conn | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5824347 | Serafini | Oct 1998 | A |
| 5860262 | Johnson | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5860267 | Pervan | Jan 1999 | A |
| 5876810 | Bodine | Mar 1999 | A |
| 5953880 | De Zen | Sep 1999 | A |
| 5987830 | Worley | Nov 1999 | A |
| 6053666 | Irvine et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
| 6151856 | Shimonohara | Nov 2000 | A |
| 6161989 | Kotani et al. | Dec 2000 | A |
| 6167669 | Lane | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6167672 | Okitomo | Jan 2001 | B1 |
| 6185884 | Myers et al. | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6189269 | De Zen | Feb 2001 | B1 |
| 6199340 | Davis | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6205733 | LaLonde | Mar 2001 | B1 |
| 6212845 | De Zen | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6219984 | Piccone | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6220779 | Warner et al. | Apr 2001 | B1 |
| 6226950 | Davis | May 2001 | B1 |
| 6247280 | Grinshpun et al. | Jun 2001 | B1 |
| 6286281 | Johnson | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6293067 | Meendering et al. | Sep 2001 | B1 |
| 6387309 | Kojima | May 2002 | B1 |
| 6405508 | Janesky | Jun 2002 | B1 |
| 6435470 | Lahham et al. | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6435471 | Piccone | Aug 2002 | B1 |
| 6438918 | Moore et al. | Aug 2002 | B2 |
| 6467136 | Graham | Oct 2002 | B1 |
| 6530185 | Scott et al. | Mar 2003 | B1 |
| 6550194 | Jackson et al. | Apr 2003 | B2 |
| 6584748 | Bresnahan | Jul 2003 | B2 |
| 6588165 | Wright | Jul 2003 | B1 |
| 6622452 | Alvaro | Sep 2003 | B2 |
| 6691976 | Myers et al. | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6694692 | Piccone | Feb 2004 | B2 |
| 6711870 | Richardson | Mar 2004 | B1 |
| 6832456 | Bilowol | Dec 2004 | B1 |
| 6866445 | Semler | Mar 2005 | B2 |
| 6935081 | Dunn et al. | Aug 2005 | B2 |
| 7007433 | Boyer | Mar 2006 | B2 |
| 7188576 | Bogard | Mar 2007 | B2 |
| 7320201 | Kitchen et al. | Jan 2008 | B2 |
| 7406801 | Zeng | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7415801 | Zeng | Aug 2008 | B2 |
| 7444788 | Morin et al. | Nov 2008 | B2 |
| 7584583 | Bergelin | Sep 2009 | B2 |
| 7763345 | Chen et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
| 7765762 | Gulbrandsen et al. | Aug 2010 | B2 |
| 7818936 | Morin et al. | Oct 2010 | B2 |
| 7901537 | Jones et al. | Mar 2011 | B2 |
| 8071193 | Windmöller | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8074418 | Thiagarajan et al. | Dec 2011 | B2 |
| 8099921 | Muehlebach | Jan 2012 | B2 |
| 8136321 | Bauman | Mar 2012 | B1 |
| 8316598 | Flynn | Nov 2012 | B2 |
| 8322102 | Krieger | Dec 2012 | B2 |
| 8485493 | Wells et al. | Jul 2013 | B2 |
| 8544232 | Wybo et al. | Oct 2013 | B2 |
| 8707648 | Timko et al. | Apr 2014 | B2 |
| 8769904 | Brandt et al. | Jul 2014 | B1 |
| 8806839 | Zhou | Aug 2014 | B2 |
| 8859898 | Frye | Oct 2014 | B2 |
| 8925275 | Meersseman et al. | Jan 2015 | B2 |
| 8959871 | Parenti et al. | Feb 2015 | B2 |
| 8985888 | Kawasaki | Mar 2015 | B2 |
| 9003737 | Solomon et al. | Apr 2015 | B2 |
| 9156233 | Dossche et al. | Oct 2015 | B2 |
| 9328518 | Bilge | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9347226 | Ouellet | May 2016 | B2 |
| 9745758 | Baert et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
| 9993340 | Foroni et al. | Jun 2018 | B2 |
| 10246883 | Derelov | Apr 2019 | B2 |
| 10287777 | Boo | May 2019 | B2 |
| 10400457 | Simon | Sep 2019 | B2 |
| 10480186 | Tanguay et al. | Nov 2019 | B2 |
| 10563410 | Horton et al. | Feb 2020 | B2 |
| 10619357 | Segaert et al. | Apr 2020 | B2 |
| 10731333 | Richardson et al. | Aug 2020 | B2 |
| 20020095895 | Daly et al. | Jul 2002 | A1 |
| 20030005659 | Moore, Jr. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
| 20030085482 | Sincock et al. | May 2003 | A1 |
| 20030155683 | Pietrobon | Aug 2003 | A1 |
| 20040010994 | Piccone | Jan 2004 | A1 |
| 20040093817 | Pujol Barcons | May 2004 | A1 |
| 20050016083 | Morin et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050016103 | Piccone | Jan 2005 | A1 |
| 20050055938 | Secondino | Mar 2005 | A1 |
| 20060179762 | Thome et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060185270 | Handley et al. | Aug 2006 | A1 |
| 20060213140 | Morin et al. | Sep 2006 | A1 |
| 20060251865 | Hinterneder | Nov 2006 | A1 |
| 20070044416 | Van Dijk | Mar 2007 | A1 |
| 20070193169 | Emblin | Aug 2007 | A1 |
| 20080163664 | Battenfeld | Jul 2008 | A1 |
| 20090120027 | Amend | May 2009 | A1 |
| 20090229214 | Nelson | Aug 2009 | A1 |
| 20090269130 | Williams | Oct 2009 | A1 |
| 20100047608 | Seccombe | Feb 2010 | A1 |
| 20100050552 | David | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100071304 | Richardson et al. | Mar 2010 | A1 |
| 20100212241 | Holroyd | Aug 2010 | A1 |
| 20100251657 | Richardson et al. | Oct 2010 | A1 |
| 20100325984 | Richardson et al. | Dec 2010 | A1 |
| 20110000161 | Aube | Jan 2011 | A1 |
| 20110131914 | Richardson et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110146189 | Courey | Jun 2011 | A1 |
| 20110277410 | Richardson | Nov 2011 | A1 |
| 20120056344 | Richardson et al. | Mar 2012 | A1 |
| 20120121337 | Richardson et al. | May 2012 | A1 |
| 20120192515 | Petta | Aug 2012 | A1 |
| 20130081345 | Sheehy | Apr 2013 | A1 |
| 20140305063 | Kim | Oct 2014 | A1 |
| 20140360121 | Richardson | Dec 2014 | A1 |
| 20150082724 | Amend | Mar 2015 | A1 |
| 20160340899 | Piccone | Nov 2016 | A1 |
| 20160376799 | Richardson et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
| 20170218627 | Neil | Aug 2017 | A1 |
| 20190032341 | Fleet | Jan 2019 | A1 |
| 20200131780 | De Rick | Apr 2020 | A1 |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0574720 | Apr 1959 | CA |
| 0957816 | Nov 1974 | CA |
| 1316366 | Apr 1993 | CA |
| 2097226 | Nov 1994 | CA |
| 2141463 | Aug 1996 | CA |
| 2070079 | Jun 1997 | CA |
| 2170681 | Aug 1997 | CA |
| 2218600 | Jun 1998 | CA |
| 2215939 | Aug 1999 | CA |
| 2226497 | Oct 1999 | CA |
| 2243905 | Jan 2000 | CA |
| 2255256 | Jan 2000 | CA |
| 2244537 | Feb 2000 | CA |
| 2418885 | Aug 2003 | CA |
| 2502343 | May 2004 | CA |
| 2502392 | May 2004 | CA |
| 2499450 | Sep 2005 | CA |
| 2577217 | Jan 2006 | CA |
| 2629202 | Apr 2008 | CA |
| 2716118 | Aug 2008 | CA |
| 2681963 | Oct 2008 | CA |
| 2654992 AA | Aug 2010 | CA |
| 2751134 | Dec 2011 | CA |
| 2855742 | May 2013 | CA |
| 2810538 | Sep 2014 | CA |
| 2979918 | Mar 2018 | CA |
| 317758 | Jan 1957 | CH |
| 401422 | Oct 1965 | CH |
| 569235 | Feb 1989 | CH |
| 2272915 | Jan 1998 | CN |
| 2529936 | Jan 2003 | CN |
| 105781053 | Jul 2016 | CN |
| 1684357 | Apr 1967 | DE |
| 1812590 | Jun 1970 | DE |
| 2062723 | Aug 1972 | DE |
| 3003446 | Aug 1981 | DE |
| 3202385 | Aug 1983 | DE |
| 3234489 | Mar 1984 | DE |
| 3727956 | May 1988 | DE |
| 3918676 | Aug 1990 | DE |
| 19503948 | Aug 1996 | DE |
| 29803155 | Jun 1998 | DE |
| 20017114 | Jan 2001 | DE |
| 202014006376 | Dec 2014 | DE |
| 202018104844 | Oct 2018 | DE |
| 202018107451 | Mar 2019 | DE |
| 0025420 | Mar 1981 | EP |
| 0055504 | Jul 1982 | EP |
| 0141782 | May 1985 | EP |
| 0179046 | Apr 1986 | EP |
| 0381339 | Aug 1990 | EP |
| 0735226 | Oct 1996 | EP |
| 0757137 | Feb 1997 | EP |
| 1854937 | Nov 2007 | EP |
| 2169133 | Mar 2010 | EP |
| 0507787 | Jul 1920 | FR |
| 1381945 | Nov 1964 | FR |
| 1603005 | Apr 1971 | FR |
| 2364314 | Apr 1978 | FR |
| 2535417 | May 1984 | FR |
| 2721054 | Jun 1994 | FR |
| 2717848 | Sep 1995 | FR |
| 2733264 | Oct 1996 | FR |
| 2669364 | Mar 2012 | FR |
| 137221 | Jan 1920 | GB |
| 779916 | Jul 1957 | GB |
| 1243173 | Aug 1971 | GB |
| 1253447 | Nov 1971 | GB |
| 2141661 | Jan 1985 | GB |
| 2205624 | Dec 1988 | GB |
| 05133028 | May 1993 | JP |
| 09041612 | Feb 1997 | JP |
| 2008223335 | Sep 2008 | JP |
| 2013486 | Jan 2017 | NL |
| 206538 | Aug 1966 | SE |
| 8204088 | Nov 1982 | WO |
| 9500724 | Jan 1995 | WO |
| 9607799 | Mar 1996 | WO |
| 9635845 | Nov 1996 | WO |
| 9743496 | Nov 1997 | WO |
| 0163066 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| 0173240 | Oct 2001 | WO |
| 03006760 | Jan 2003 | WO |
| 2004088064 | Oct 2004 | WO |
| 2005040526 | May 2005 | WO |
| 08119178 | Oct 2008 | WO |
| 09059410 | May 2009 | WO |
| 09092158 | Jul 2009 | WO |
| 2010012061 | Feb 2010 | WO |
| 2010037211 | Apr 2010 | WO |
| 2010078645 | Jul 2010 | WO |
| 2010094111 | Aug 2010 | WO |
| 2012003587 | Jan 2012 | WO |
| 2013075250 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013075251 | May 2013 | WO |
| 2013102274 | Jul 2013 | WO |
| 2013102275 | Jul 2013 | WO |
| 2013177715 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2013188980 | Dec 2013 | WO |
| 2014121337 | Aug 2014 | WO |
| 2015081445 | Jun 2015 | WO |
| 2015149187 | Oct 2015 | WO |
| 2017113016 | Jul 2017 | WO |
| 2017132477 | Aug 2017 | WO |
| 2019197393 | Oct 2019 | WO |
| Entry |
|---|
| 5 page PDF of machine translation of DE 202018104844 U1. (Year: 2018). |
| 12 page PDF of machine translation of DE 20 2018 107 451 U1. (Year: 2019). |
| Vector Corrosion Technologies Marketing Materials, 2005. |
| Vector Corrosion Technologies Marketing Materials, 2007. |
| Vector Corrosion Technologies Marketing Materials, 2008. |
| Digigraph Brochure, Building Systems using PVC extrusions and concrete, accessed online Jan. 2012. |
| Digigraph Guide, Digigraph Systems Inc., Installation Guide for the Digigraph Construction System Composed of PVC Extrusions and Concrete, accessed online Jan. 2012. |
| The Digigraph System, http://www.digigraph-housing.com/web/system.ht, accessed online Jan. 2012. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20200080306 A1 | Mar 2020 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62578287 | Oct 2017 | US | |
| 62481111 | Apr 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | PCT/CA2018/050409 | Apr 2018 | US |
| Child | 16569612 | US |
