Patent Grant
8100182
The terms “umbilical,” “jumper” and/or “flying lead” are not always used with precision in the oil and gas industry or in the literature. For example, claim 1 of U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,124 describes a “flying lead hydraulic umbilical.” U.S. Pat. No. 6,957,929 also uses the two terms interchangeably. Each of these devices, properly understood, is distinct in both design and application. We therefore intend to distinguish and define these terms with greater precision herein.
A. Umbilicals
For purposes of this application an “umbilical” is defined as a composite structure composed of a multitude of conduits sheathed in an outer jacket of some form, generally including some combination of steel tubes, thermoplastic hoses, electric cables, fiber optic cables and/or fillers for use in subsea exploration and production of oil and gas. Umbilicals extend from either a) a host on the ocean surface or on land to a subsea distribution point or b) from one subsea distribution point to another subsea distribution point. Umbilicals are long and stiff, typically extending several thousands of feet from the host on the surface to the seafloor; or several thousands of feet to tens of miles from shore facilities to subsea distribution points or between subsea distribution points.
The interior conduits within an umbilical are typically helically wound and are sheathed with an over extruded thermoplastic cover or in a textile/thermoplastic roving. The practice of sheathing and tightly binding the composite structure together greatly increases the stiffness of an umbilical with the addition of each additional conduit and the thickness of the sheathing.
The following references describe various umbilicals: U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,239,781; 7,158,703; 6,612,370; US 2006/0193698; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,556,780; 6,538,198; 6,472,614; US 2002/0122664; U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,102,077; 4,726,314 and 3,526,086.
B. Jumpers
In the industry the terms “flying lead” and “jumper” are sometimes used interchangeably, or in combination, for example see U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,640 entitled “Steel Tube Flying Lead Jumper Connector.” A jumper is an apparatus designed to convey a single item, such as crude oil, natural gas, hydraulic fluids, service chemicals, electric power/signals, or fiber optic signals. For purposes of this explanation, electric power and electric signals are considered a single item. Jumpers may be composed of a single conduit such as a thermoplastic hose, a steel tube, a electrical cable or a fiber optical cable or helically bound and sheathed multi-conduits structure; however the jumper only conveys a single item such as hydraulic fluid. Each end of a jumper is terminated with a purpose built coupling. Jumpers may be tens of feet to several hundreds of feet long. Most jumpers are flexible, but some are rigid. Rigid jumpers such as those used to convey crude oil are typically installed with the aid of spreader bar.
C. Flying Leads
A “flying lead” is typically a flexible or semi-flexible composite multi-conduit structure either a) extending from a first item of subsea equipment to a second item of subsea equipment on the seafloor or b) within the water column for the purpose of controlling and/or maintaining equipment used in the exploration and production of oil and gas from subsurface reservoirs. Flying leads are typically tens of feet to several hundreds of feet long, but may be longer. Both flying leads and umbilicals may conduct fluids, such as hydraulic control fluids, service chemicals such as methanol along with various types of inhibitors, electrical power/signals and fiber optic signals.
Flying leads connect two pieces of subsea equipment which may be collectively referred to as subsea structures. Typically examples of subsea equipment are an umbilical termination assembly (UTA), a subsea distribution unit (SDU), a subsea control module (SCM), a subsea production or water injection tree (Tree), a subsea manifold or other ancillary items suspended in the water column or mounted on the seafloor. Flying leads commonly connect the UTA to the SDU or a SCM on a Tree to the SDU. Flying leads may also be used to interconnect other types of subsea exploration and production equipment. Flying leads may be installed by divers in shallow water, but are most commonly installed by remote operated vehicles (ROV's) in deeper water.
Prior art “flying lead assemblies” typically include: a) a pair of purpose built frames referred to in the industry vernacular as “cobra heads;” b) a pair of stab-plates which are typically attached to the cobra head using a series of structural bolts, washers, lock washers and nuts; c) a series of wet-matable couplings which are mounted within the stab-plates, which may be any combination of hydraulic, electric or optical couplings; d) a pair of bend limiter assemblies, one extending from each cobra head assembly; e) an elongate bundle of interior conduits for the transmission of fluids, electrical power/signals and/or optical signals; f) a means of managing the interior conduits, typically helically winding the interior conduits into a stiff compact core then either over-extruded the core with thermoplastic, binding with textile/thermoplastic roving or sheathing within a tightly fitting over-hose; and g) a means for anchoring a strength element to the frame, typically including a pair of elongate and heavy armor pot terminations filled with epoxy resin, one attached to the rear end of each cobra head. Deep Down, Inc., the assignee of this patent application, manufactures cobra head assemblies and markets them under the trademark MORAY®.
To applicants' knowledge, there is no cobra head which has a universal frame with interchangeable interface elements to accommodate various stab-plates. To applicants' knowledge, there is no compact serviceable and configurable strength termination to interface directly with the cobra head and the conduit elements. To applicants' knowledge, there is no cobra head with an integrated buoyant element to aid installation. To applicants' knowledge, there is no cobra head with an integrated buoyancy element that provides storage for flexible conduits terminated with couplings for the means of supporting functions independent of those provided by a stab-plate. There is a need for improved flying leads.
Cobra head assemblies contain what is often referred to in the industry as a stab-plate. Stab-plates are so named because the two plates stab into contact with each other. This plate may also be called a “junction plate” or more simply a “J-Plate,” a “multiple quick connect junction plate” or simply a “MQC Plate.” For simplicity, these plates will collectively hereinafter be referred to as “stab-plates.” Stab-plates are produced in several different styles and configurations from several different vendors.
Stationary subsea structures typically contain what is often referred to as the “fixed stab-plate” and the flying lead assembly contains what is often referred to as the “flying stab-plate.” The fixed stab-plate may also be referred to by some in the industry as the “inboard stab-plate.” The flying stab-plate may also be referred to as the “outboard stab-plate.” The fixed stab-plate may contain a multitude of hydraulic, electric and/or optical couplings which are arranged to engage similar couplings on the flying stab-plate. The ROV stabs the flying stab-plate into the fixed stab-plate on the SCM, for example.
Prior to this invention, each cobra head assembly was specifically designed to accommodate the stab-plate from a specific vendor and the number and type of conduit elements as specified by the subsea production controls system supplier. These design complications sometimes delayed production of prior art flying leads due to re-engineering efforts and/or required vendors to carry large inventories of specialized parts to accommodate different types of stab-plates and conduit types and configurations. The improved cobra head assembly of the present invention has interchangeable stab-plate interface elements that will accommodate stab-plates from different vendors. The stab-plate interface elements will mount in a frame which is referred to as “universal” because it will accommodate stab-plates from several different vendors.
The present invention requires only one compact light weight frame that can accommodate different interchangeable stab-plate interface elements, one interface element for each type of stab-plate. This universal frame is constructed from fewer parts than the prior art frames and hence reduces weight and inventory carrying costs as well as engineering and production time. The components of the universal frame may be fabricated in volume with great uniformity, quickly and inexpensively from a burn table which is ubiquitous in most steel fabrication shops.
D. Load Bearing Assemblies
The present invention has a first load bearing assembly and a second load bearing assembly. The first load bearing assembly has two alternative configurations, depending on whether the interior conduits are steel tubes or thermoplastic conduits. The terms first load bearing assembly and a) steel tube load bearing assembly and b) plastic hose load bearing assembly are synonymous. The terms second load bearing assembly and over-hose load bearing assembly are synonymous.
1. First Load Bearing Assembly
2. Second Load Bearing Assembly
The over-hose load bearing assembly includes a robust over-hose with over-hose connectors on each end. Each over-hose connector engages a bend limiter assembly which engages the bend limiter connector on each frame. The load is thus transferred from the over-hose through the over-hose connectors and the bend limiter assembly to the frame on each cobra head assembly. The over-hose load bearing assembly rotates freely and independently of each cobra head assembly which facilitates subsea installation.
A prior art bend limiter assembly extends from the cobra head assembly and surrounds a portion of the interior conduits and extends towards either the elongate bundle over-hose or sheathing. The articulating prior art bend limiter assembly prevents the interior conduits from exceeding their minimum bend radius. The bend limiter assembly of the prior art does not make a physical connection to the over hose or sheathing material surrounding the elongate conduit bundle and is incapable of transmitting loads to the frame. The bend limiter assembly of the present invention interfaces directly to a load bearing hose assembly and is capable of transmitting handling and installation loads to the universal frame via the bend limiter coupling.
Most prior art flying leads are composed of thermoplastic hoses and/or steel tubes which interface with the cobra head assembly in some form. These thermoplastic hoses and/or steel tubes are typically helically wound and taped and then ether inserted into a tightly fitting reinforced PVC over-hose or over-braided with textile/thermoplastic roving. This tightly fitting configuration leads to a stiff composite structure which makes installation more cumbersome than the present invention as the composite has stored energy which the ROV has to overcome during lead-in and make up.
Prior art over-hose and roving designs do not make a physical connection to either the prior art bend limiter assembly or the prior art frame assembly. Prior art designs employing the over-hose may therefore bunch up during installation which can lead to exposure of the interior conduits or breaks at the splice intersections. This can lead to abrasion and kinking of the interior conduits at the bend limiter interface and splice intersections. Prior art designs employing the over-hose typically use a clear PVC hose which contains a hard helical PVC reinforcement element. This type of prior art hose is subject to UV degradation and chemical attack both of which are common in most oilfield applications. The hose is manufactured in discrete lengths of 50′, 100′ and 200′, this may necessitate splicing to achieve longer lengths. Two prevalent brands of prior art over-hose include “Tiger” hose manufactured by Kuriyama of American located in Schaumbureg, Ill.; www.kuryama.com and “Spiralite” hose manufactured by Pacific Echo located in Torrance Calif.; www.pacificecho.com.
The present invention incorporates a robust load bearing hose that surrounds the elongate interior conduits; fittings are placed on each end of the load bearing hose. The hose, interior conduits and fittings are referred to as an elongate bundle. Deep Down, Inc. markets the elongate bundle under the brand DOP™. The elongate bundle engages the bend limiter assembly on each cobra head assembly. This hose is capable of supporting full installation and handling loads and is UV stable as well as resistant to attack from most chemicals used in oilfield applications. The hose is abrasion resistant and stiffer than the prior art over-hose and has a minimum bend radius slightly larger than that of the smallest steel tube used in typical hydraulic applications but much smaller than traditionally flying leads. When steel tubes are used the elongate bundle will serve to maintain a minimum bend radius greater than that of the elongate conduits contained within. The hose used in the current invention can either be manufactured to length or use a series of hoses connected by high strength splices. The splices containing back to back hose barbs and swag fitting similar to those described above.
A disadvantage associated with prior art flying leads using thermoplastic hoses is premature rupture and shorter design life spans than project design. This may necessitate retrieval and replacement of prior art designs when the application design life is greater than that of the hose or in the event of hose rupture. Using prior art designs it is difficult to service the flying lead on the deck of a ship. The loosely bundled flying leads of the present invention make it possible to service the flying lead on the deck of a ship by disconnecting the threaded fittings from the back of each stab-plate assembly, attaching the elongate bundle and simply pulling the interior conduits through the bend limiter assembly and reconnecting the fittings on each stab-plate.
When steel tubes are used in the prior art it becomes necessary to anchor the tubes to the frame using tack welded retention sleeves and an armor pot containing epoxy resin. The tack welded retention sleeves serve as a shoulder to retain the steel tubes in the surrounding epoxy. Epoxy terminated prior art steel tube flying leads are not serviceable on the deck of a ship; they have to be sent back to the manufacture for refurbishment. The present invention facilitates repair and refurbishment on the deck of a ship as the elongate bundle can be removed from the strength termination and rerouted or replaced as necessary. Another disadvantage associated with the prior art epoxy termination is the fact that the epoxy termination is manufactured from steel, is significantly larger and heavier than the present invention. The added weight and length from the prior art epoxy termination tends to complicate the installation and requires additional buoyancy to lift the cobra head during installation.
The following references use the term “flying lead” in the title: U.S. Pat. No. 6,102,124 entitled “Flying Lead Workover Interface System;” U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,640 entitled “Steel Tube Flying Lead Jumper Connector” and U.S. Pat. No. 6,957,929 entitled “ingle and Dual Reel Flying Lead Deployment Apparatus” and U.S. Patent Publication No. 2007/0227740 entitled “Flying Lead Connector and Method for Making Subsea Connections,” which are all incorporated herein by reference.
Sheathing in the prior art and the present invention is vented to the sea. The interior conduits used for the purpose of fluid transmission contain fluids that are near the density of water. This fact along with the dense materials used for construction of the elongate bundle and interior conduits make the elongate bundle negatively buoyant in both designs. This is a desirable attribute in both designs, as the elongate bundle tends to settle into the seafloor. However, there is a disadvantage associated with this feature in the prior art. The elongate bundle tends to coil and kink to a degree due to the stored energy in the bound composite structure. This can cause the elongate bundle to rise up above seafloor. These protrusions increase the risk of damage to the flying lead and other components during work-over and follow-on installation operations.
Prior art cobra head assemblies are fitted with an independent removable buoy or float which is attached to either end prior to deployment subsea or on the seafloor. The removable prior art buoy causes the cobra head and a small portion of the bend limiter assembly to become positively buoyant allowing the cobra head and the stab-plate to upright themselves from the seafloor. This gives the end of the flying lead a silhouette of a cobra in a striking stance, hence the name cobra head assembly. The buoyant element serves as an installation add for the ROV by reducing the weight of the cobra head. The present invention may be installed using smaller ROV's than comparably sized prior art flying leads for several reasons. First, a smaller sized buoyancy module may be used with the present invention because it is significantly lighter than prior art designs. Second, the present invention is more compact and has less stored energy in the elongate bundle.
An ROV bucket containing a ROV interlock interface and stab-plate locking mechanism is mounted to the rear of flying stab-plate. The bucket is operatively connected to a drive mechanism to draw the stab-plates together and lock them in place; the drive mechanism also provides a means of aligning during makeup. The ROV has a power arm with an integrated torque tool that engages the bucket and rotates the drive mechanism to engage and disengage the stab-plates, as is well known to those skilled in the art. Well known means of connecting stab-plates include a drive screw, collet couplings and tri-locks. Once the fixed and flying stab-plates are firmly connected, the ROV disconnects from the bucket and the ROV is free to “fly” to the other cobra head assembly or service other equipment on the seafloor.
During installation one ROV typically engages the ROV bucket on the flying stab-plate assembly and a second ROV stands off to observe the operation and provide feedback to the operator of the first ROV who is stationed on a surface vessel or surface platform. The first ROV is sometimes referred to as the “work ROV” and the second is sometimes referred to as the “observation ROV.”
Prior art flying leads can be installed in one of two ways. The first method is referred to in the industry as the “Down Line Method.” The second method was developed by Deep Down, Inc., the assignee of the present application, and involves the use of proprietary rigging sequences and an installation basket containing the flying lead which is lowered to the seafloor. The flying lead is deployed on the seafloor using an ROV with the aid of a surface crane.
Using the “Down Line Method,” a removable sling with clump weight and removable guide wire are attached to either a) a D-ring on the two leg bridle attached to the frame or b) a pad eye contained in the flying stab-plate. A top side crane picks up the flying lead assembly from the guide wire and swings the assembly aft of the boat and lowers the assembly a fixed distance and releases the guide wire. The balance of the flying lead is restrained on either a compact vertical or horizontal drum which is speed and tension regulated to match the desired payout rate. While the flying lead is being lowered it is for all practical purposes is vertical in the water column.
During this part of the installation, the PVC over-hose in prior art designs tend to bunch up at the bottom end of the flying lead. This often breaks an over-hose splice or pulls the hose away from the second end. When the prior art flying lead has been paid out and the first end is lying on the seafloor, the second end is restrained and rigged to include a crane guide wire and removable buoyancy module. The second end is then lowered to the seafloor. Once at the seafloor, the second end will stand up due to the added buoyancy. This allows the ROV to “fly in,” engage the ROV bucket, maneuver the flying stab-plate and mate with the fixed stab-plate on the subsea structure. Once the plates are engaged and locked, the ROV disengages from the ROV Bucket on the flying stab-plate and disconnects the buoyancy module. The ROV then flies the buoyancy module to the first end of the flying lead assembly, attaches it to the cobra head assembly and then disconnects the clump weight. Again, the head rises up and the ROV follows the same sequence to engage and lock the stab-plates together. The buoyancy is then removed and attached to the clump weight along with the crane guide wire for retrieval.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,880,640 is for a “Steel Tube Flying Lead Jumper Connector,” which is incorporated herein by reference. Notwithstanding the title, the apparatus in the '640 Patent is installed using a ROV. There are structural differences between the apparatus in the '640 and the present invention. For example, the apparatus in the '640 patent does not have a bend limiter. The apparatus in the '640 patent does not have an over-hose that extends the full length of the interior conduits. The conduits of the '640 patent are bent into a predetermined “W” shaped midsection which can only expand laterally along the lay of “W” and only to a limited degree due to thermal expansion of the fluid conveyed. There is still a need for a flexible flying lead with improved cobra head assemblies.
Offshore oil production is extending into deeper and deeper water. An offshore field is often drilled in a cluster pattern and various types of subsea equipment are installed on the seafloor, as previously discussed. Umbilicals, jumpers and flying leads are used in subsea oil production. However, this invention is directed solely to flying leads and not to umbilicals or jumpers.
This invention will allow the design standardization, and improved serviceability of flying leads. The present invention will result in reduced manufacturing costs and shorter installation time when compared to prior art flying leads. The flying leads of the present invention include a) a pair of cobra head assemblies, b) a pair of bend limiter assemblies, and c) an elongate bundle extending between the bend limiter assemblies. Each cobra head assembly includes a universal frame assembly; an interchangeable interface plate to accept a variety of stab-plates from various vendors; a mechanical strength termination; a load bearing bend limiter connector for attachment of a bend limiter assembly; a two leg bridle assembly and optional buoyancy module.
If the optional buoyancy module is included, it will serve to protect the interior conduits and aid in installation of the flying lead. Installation of the present invention requires less rigging and fewer ROV operations to make the connection thereby reducing the installation time and risk of damage to the flying lead and surrounding structures. A load bearing bend limiter assembly is attached to each cobra head assembly.
The present invention includes non-constrained interior conduits which are surrounded by a loosely fitting elongate load bearing over-hose, each end of which is fitted with a load bearing over-hose connector. Each bend limiter assembly has the freedom to rotate about the frame making it easier to install the flying lead. The non-constrained interior conduits may be steel tubes, hydraulic hoses, electric cables, fiber optic cables, steel cables or any combination thereof. The fiber optic and/or electric cable(s) may be contained in either a hydraulic hose, a steel tube or a combination of the two.
The non-constrained interior conduits can occupy up to 80 percent of the inside cross sectional area of the over-hose to allow for both adequate radial and axial movement of the conduit elements with respect to each other. This unrestricted movement of conduits results in a much smaller bend radius approaching that of the stiffest element contained in the bundle. A smaller bend radius allows for a small storage reel and a smaller foot print on the installation vessel deck. A smaller bend radius allows the present invention to be installed by smaller ROVs.
The term “non-constrained” interior conduits as used herein means that there is no strapping, taping or banding of the interior conduits. The interior conduits are not wound in a helical fashion. The over-hose connectors engage the bend limiter assembly to prevent bunching of the over-hose, which prevents unwanted exposure of the interior conduits. This design prevents kinking and enables independent movement of the over-hose, the bend limiter segments and the frame with respect to each other. The load bearing bend limiter assemblies, load bearing over-hose connectors and load bearing over-hose are capable of transmitting loads of up to 10 tons to the frame. However, all that is necessary is that the flying lead will support its own weight if lifted vertically in the air.
Referring now to
The opposite end of the elongate bundle assembly connects to the second bend limiter assembly 25, the second cobra head assembly 23 and a second bridle assembly. The second cobra head assembly 23 is a mirror image of the first cobra head assembly 22. The second bend limiter assembly 25 is a mirror image of the first bend limiter assembly 25.
The apparatus of
The bridle assembly 28 includes a first cable 30 attached on one end to a D-ring 32 and on the other end to a shackle 34. The bridle assembly further includes a second cable 36 attached on one end to the D-ring and on the other end to a second shackle, not shown. The cobra head assembly includes a universal frame 40, and an interchangeable interface element on one end of the universal frame to secure the stab-plate. In
The frame 40 is referred to as “universal” because different styles of interface elements may be used to attach different brands of stab-plates to the frame 40 all better seen in
The interior conduit termination assembly 48, best seen in
Referring now to
The elongate bundle includes a plurality of non-constrained elongate interior conduits generally identified by the numeral 76 which are surrounded by the elongate over-hose 78.
The bend limiter assembly includes a plurality of bend limiter elements including first bend limiter element 82, second bend limiter element 84, third bend limiter element 86, fourth bend limiter element 88, fifth bend limiter element 90, sixth bend limiter element 92, seventh bend limiter element 94, eight bend limiter element 96, ninth bend limiter element 98, tenth bend limiter element 100 and eleventh bend limiter element 102. Each of the bend limiter elements are mirror images of the others. Bend limiter assemblies have about 10 to about 14 elements and limit the bend radius to about 45° as better seen in
The first bend limiter element 82 engages the bend limiter connector 46 on the universal frame 40. The connections between the cobra head assembly 22, the bend limiter assembly 24, the over-hose 78, the second bend limiter assembly 25 and the second cobra head assembly 23 allow all of these components to rotate freely and independently of each other. The last bend limiter 102 engages the over-hose connector 80 as better seen in
Each bend limiter element is formed in two halves, a top half 110 and a bottom half 112. These two halves are held together by a first screw 114, a second screw 116, a third screw, not shown and a fourth screw, not shown. Each bend limiter element has a rear section 118, better seen in
“Maxtra Liquid Mud Hose,” an off the shelf product, is suitable for use as the over-hose 78 in the present invention. Conventionally, Maxtra hose is used for transporting drilling mud between barges and drilling platforms. Maxtra Liquid Mud Hose, model number “1C11M-400 Maxtra Cord” can be purchased from Max Coupling and Hose Corporation located in Houston, Tex. www.maxcoupling.com. Other hoses may also be suitable for use in this application. The over-hose may be produced from a material that is UV stabilized and resistant to chemical attack. The over-hose may be flexible and radially rigid. The over-hose must also have sufficient axial strength to support its weight during installation. For this reason, it is sometimes referred to as load bearing over-hose.
Referring to
A first bridle support 161 and a second bridle support 162 extend from opposite sides of the universal frame 40. Holes, not shown in this figure, are formed in the supports 161 and 162. A first bolt 163 penetrates the hole in the first bridle support 161 and a second bolt 164 penetrates the hole in bridle support 162. Hardware is stacked in uniform fashion around the first bolt and the second bolt to facilitate attachment of the shackles, better seen in
The second end 228 of the conduit extension is attached to a coupling 224, better seen in
The stab-plates contain hydraulic, electric and optical couplings. Hydraulic couplings are off the shelf products currently sold by a number of different vendors, including but not limited to: National Coupling Company, Inc. located in Houston, Tex., www.nationalcoupling; Walther-Prazision located in Haan, Germany, www.walther-praezision.de. Electric and optical couplings are off the shelf products, currently sold by a number of different vendors, including but not limited to: Ocean Design, Inc., a Teledyne Company located in Daytona Beach, Fla., www.odi.com; Tronic, a division of the Expro Group located in Ulverston, UK, www.exprogroup.com; Gismo located in Neumuenster, Germany, www.gismaconnectors.de; Deacon Brantner & Associates, Inc. located in El Cajon, Calif., www.seaconbrantner.com; Compagnie Deutsch located in Rueil Malmaison, France, www.compagnie-deutsch.com.
The over-hose connector assembly 420 includes a conduit 422, one end of which forms a hose barb 424 and the other end forms a front terminal flange 426. In between the hose barb and the front terminal flange, the conduit forms a intermediate radial flange 428 that abuts the end of the over-hose 78. A plurality of hose bands 430, 432 and 434 secure the over-hose to the hose barb.
Referring to
The apparatus of
A wire rope 388 extends from the first wire rope termination assembly 382 in the first cobra head assembly 22 to the second wire rope termination assembly 386 in the second cobra head assembly 23. Each wire rope termination assembly is formed from a vertical element 376 and a horizontal element, not shown. The wire rope termination assembly may be formed from two separate pieces or a single element. The wire rope termination assemblies are removable and slip through the frame from the bottom similar to the interior conduit termination assembly 48. The wire rope termination assemblies are connected to the support plate 74 by a plurality of nuts and bolts, 53, 55, 57 and 59 or other connecting means, like the interior conduit termination assembly.
Each wire rope termination assembly includes a terminal 90 secured to a support plate 74 which is secured to the frame 40. The terminal has a cutout, not shown, sized and arranged to receive the wire rope 88. The lock bar is secured to the terminal by a first screw 94 and a second screw 96 or other suitable securing means. The first end 398 of the wire rope is attached to a circular lug 400. The circular lug 400 and the lock bar 392 prevent the wire rope 388 from slipping out of the first wire rope termination assembly 382. The second wire rope termination assembly 383 is a mirror image of the first wire rope termination assembly and will not be described in detail for the sake of brevity.
Referring now to
Some oil field operators do not like to include electrical connections in a stab-plate because they feel that such electrical connections are less reliable than a ROV type connector. Other customers may simply want one or two supplemental interior conduits in reserve or for expansion. The flying lead 402 is designed to meet the needs of these customers. Specifically, a first ROV connector assembly 470 is mounted on the left side of the buoyancy module 406 and a second ROV connector assembly 472 is mounted on the right side of the buoyancy module 406. ROV connector assemblies 470 and 472, like stab-plates, are off the shelf items manufactured by a number of different producers listed earlier in the application. These off the shelf items frequently include a length of flexible conduit preassembled with the connector, which is well known to those skilled in the art. These ROV connector assemblies 470 and 472 are used primarily to transmit electric power, electric signals and/or fiber optic signals, as is well known to those skilled in the art. The ROV connectors 470 and 472 may also be used for fluids, such as hydraulic fluid. ROV connectors typically mate with a fixed connector and are secured using a latch mechanism or a collet mechanism, all of which are well known to those skilled in the art.
The buoyancy module 406 is formed from a left element 408 and a right element 410 which are held together by a plurality of elongated bolts 412, 414, 416, 438, 440, 442 and 444. The bolts may be placed in any number of locations for manufacturing convenience. Syntactic foam such as that produced by Flotation Technologies, Inc. of Biddeford, Me. may be suitable for the left and right elements of the buoyancy module.
The buoyancy module 406 is sized and arranged to surround the universal frame 40 and to allow the bend limiter assemblies room to engage the bend limiter connectors on each frame. The buoyancy module is not designed to be removed from the universal frame during or after installation, unlike prior art flying leads. The present buoyancy module also protects the frame from damage during transport installation and retrieval.
The universal frame 40 in
The left element 408 of the buoyancy module 406 is formed with a barrel 450 facing away from the frame 40. A storage receptacle 452 is also formed in the left element 408. A flexible conduit 454 has a free end 480 and the other end comes off the shelf with a left connector 456. The free end 480 may be ordered off the shelf with either a JIC fitting or a “dry mate” connector, not shown, which are well known to those skilled in the art. The term “dry mate” means that the connection is made up on the surface, before the apparatus is installed subsea. The JIC fitting or the dry mate connector are connected to one end of an interior conduit, not shown. The left ROV connector assembly 470 and the right ROV connector assembly 472 are mirror images of each other. Each assembly has a connector on one end and a free end connected to an interior conduit, as described above. At least a portion of the flexible conduit 454 is coiled in the barrel 450 and the left ROV connector 456 is placed in the storage receptacle 452.
The right element 410 of the buoyancy module 406 is formed with a barrel 460 facing away from the frame 40. A storage receptacle 462 is also formed in the right element 410. A flexible conduit 464 is connected on one end with one of the interior conduits and on the other end with a right ROV connector 466. At least a portion of the flexible conduit 464 is coiled in the barrel 460 and the right connector 466 is placed in the storage receptacle 462.
One advantage of the embodiment shown in
The present invention utilizes at least two load bearing assemblies to support the weight of the loose tube flying lead 20. The first load bearing assembly has two alternative configurations, depending on whether the interior conduits are steel tubes or thermoplastic conduits. The term first load bearing assembly 482 of
1. First Load Bearing Assembly
2. Second Load Bearing Assembly
The second load bearing assembly 484 is formed from the over-hose load bearing assembly 490, portions of which are best seen in
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