As advances occur in display technologies, including the ability to manufacture the necessary addressing electronics inexpensively and with higher yields, non-traditional form factors for displays become possible. Curved, hemispherical and spherical displays may soon exist, as well as ‘shaped’ displays that could be shaped to a particular surface as desired.
Similarly, the movement away from scanning display technologies, such as the traditional cathode ray tubes (CRTs) has resulted in most displays consisting of an X-Y grid of pixels, or picture elements. This provides an opportunity to segment or divide up the pixels into groups and allow those groups to be addressed as if they still resided in a complete X-Y grid.
With the increased manufacturing capabilities, displays have begun to replace traditional painted or printed signs in venues ranging from coffee shops and bookstores to grocery stores and airports. Displays may be used as ‘changeable art’ where still pictures are displayed and changed at the user's desire. Surfaces that previously had been painted are now the platform for programmable displays.
One such surface is louver window shades. A louver window shade typically consists of a set of slats or bars that are mounted by their sides to a window frame. When the shades are rotated so their flat surfaces are pointing up and down, they allow air and/or light into a room. When the user rotates the slats such that the flat surfaces are pointing towards the room and away from the room, the slats block the light and/or the air.
Being able to use the slats of a louver window shade as a programmable display would afford many new opportunities and functionalities for displays.
Each louver segment generally consists of a slat or long piece of material having two flat surfaces that are generally appropriate for use as a display. In
When in the closed position, a portion of the adjacent louver segments may overlap in some small region and cover part of the louver segment. In the embodiment shown in
For purposes of the discussion here, louver segment 12 has been extracted from the louver display to show otherwise hidden portions. It must be noted that depending upon the direction in which the louver segments are rotated, the overlap may occur at the top region, or possible not at all.
Louver segment 12 has a front surface usable as a display, but because of the overlap regions as well as a possible need to provide local driving lines, the usable portion of the front surface may only comprise a portion 11 of the louver segment 12. In the embodiment shown in
The driver circuitry may be integrated on the substrate that contains the pixel circuit such as in a system on glass approach, or the circuits may be attached as discrete driver chips such as by TAB (tape automated bonding) bonding technique. Direct integration of pixel circuits and driver circuits may occur by technologies based on amorphous silicon, polysilicon or metal oxides such as ZnO, InGaZnO, etc., for example. The conducting lines may consist of metals such as aluminum, copper, silver, chrome, but they also may consist of substantially transparent conducting materials such as ZnO, Indium Tin Oxide, Carbon nanotubes and organic conductors such as PEDOT. In the case of a pixel backplane that has been fabricated by a printing method, the driver circuits may be printed onto the substrate together with the pixels.
The display may be also addressed by a passive-matrix driving method. In this case, the horizontal and vertical lines may be on opposite substrates with the display medium sandwiched in-between as in a liquid crystal medium. The lines may be on the same substrate, separated by a dielectric layer as in some passive-matrix light emitting diode displays. In either case the driver circuits are attached to the horizontal and vertical bus lines. Although the following discussion talks about gate and data lines, the case of a passive matrix display applies to all the discussions as well. Therefore, the gate lines shall be equivalent to the vertical lines and the data lines equivalent to the horizontal lines in a passive-matrix addressed display.
The panel 11 may consist of a directly addressed display. In this case, at least two electrodes are routed to each display element. The electrodes may be on the same substrate or they may be on different substrates. One of the electrodes may be common to all of or to an array of the display elements.
Other configurations of driver lines may also be possible. For example, the gate lines may traverse the length of the louver shade, with breaks between the louver segments, such that when they are rotated to the closed position, the lines overlap and come into mechanical contact. This mechanical contact could complete the circuit and allow the control circuitry to have complete gate lines running the length of the display. The electrical contact between the segments may be improved by a magnetic force, such as by placing small magnets near the edges of the segments or by attaching a strip of magnetic material to the edges such as magnetic tape. Elastic anisotropic tape such as a zebra contact strip which is common in LCD contacts may be used to establish contact between the segments. If the segments are self-contained, where they do not ‘share’ a common image, the contacts may transmit video signals and supply power.
Alternatively, the gate lines residing in region 20 that address the display elements from the top or bottom of the display may traverse the horizontal edge of each louver segment to connect to the gate lines such as 22 from the control circuitry 26. Alternatively the gate lines may traverse the horizontal edge of each louver segment and connect to a gate line driver circuit attached to the lateral edge of the segment near region 18. The gate line driver circuit would then connect to the control circuitry with fewer wires. Typical electronic elements of the gate or data line driver circuits are shift registers, level shifters and latching circuits. The data lines from region 18 may connect along the side of the louver shade such as line 24. The data lines may directly connect to the control circuit or they may be connected to a data line driver circuit which then connects to the control circuitry. The data line driver circuit also typically contains shift registers, level shifters and latching circuit and it may be directly integrated onto the backplane or separately attached to the backplane (e.g. via TAB bonding or via ball grid array bonding, etc.). This allows the display segment to be addressable, while ensuring that the lines do not block the view when the shades are in the open position.
In the described display, the data signals and voltage supply may be connected from each segment directly to a control circuit or they may be passed on from one segment to a neighboring segment (daisy-chain like) and the main control circuit would be connected to the last segment in the chain. In
In addition to the driving signals, the control circuitry 26 may monitor a detector or some electrical property in the lines that indicates when the louver segments are open or closed. Depending upon the data being displayed, the control circuitry may buffer incoming video signals and not send them to the display segments when the louver segments are open. For example, if a viewer were watching a movie and wanted to stop for a moment to look outside the viewing environment, the control circuitry would either stop the movie, or buffer the data of the next images to be displayed until the louvers close again.
When the louvers are opened, as shown in
However, if the louver segments were rotated as shown in
In this case, if the viewer had been looking at side A with segments having a top and bottom, when they are flipped, the viewer is seeing side B. The top of side A is now the bottom of side B. The image data must be re-routed to accommodate this.
In addition to a display segment on the side of the louver segments shown in
The other side may employ a display technology that is better viewed in light environments, such as an outdoor environment, or is more robust to weather conditions. Examples of display technologies include light emitting diode (LED) displays having one or more rows of LEDs in each display segment; plasma displays, LCD displays including nematic LCDs, ferroelectric LCDs, reflective cholesteric LCDs, polymer dispersed LCDs, or backlit/transflective LCDs; OLED displays; other reflective types of displays such as electrophoretic, powder, Gyricon displays, electrochromic, electrodeposition, interference or electrowetting displays; and electroluminescent displays. In general, the display technology may be emissive or reflective in nature and in some cases it may be a bistable technology for power saving purposes, for example.
It should also be noted that in a display, only a part of the louver segments may be rotated. For example, the upper half may be rotated to 90 degrees and therefore be quasi-transparent, while the lower half may be closed and display changing image information. Also, if one side of the louver segments consists of a bistable reflective display and the other side consists of a LCD display, for example, the segments may be rotated to show in the upper portion a static message (with infrequent updates) while displaying a movie in the lower section. Or, if one side of the louver segments contains a light source, such as an LED strip, and the other side a reflective display, such as electrophoretic display, the upper segments may be rotated to provide illumination of the reflective display in the lower section, for example. Also if one side of the louver segments has a mirror surface, light may be redirected to illuminate a reflective display. For example, if the louver display is mounted as a window, external light may be redirected by the mirror surface of a partially rotated, such as a 45 degree rotation, louver segment onto the front side of the louver screen.
The louver display panel might also be configured as a curved or cylindrical display. For example,
Many other options exist for the non-display side of the louver in a one-sided display. In one embodiment, the non-display side of the louver could be a solar panel that could at least assist in powering the display. Generally, the solar cell would only receive light when the louver were closed, but power storage may be included in the control circuitry to take advantage of any power generated in either the closed or open positions. The solar panel may consist of thin-film solar cells such as amorphous silicon based solar cells, organic solar cells, dye-sensitized solar cells, CIGS or CdTe based solar cells, etc. The solar panels may also consist of crystalline or polycrystalline solar cells or thin concentrator-type solar cells.
The non-display side of the louver could also be a reflective mirror surface, a simple areal light source to provide illumination such as an electroluminescent surface, a large area OLED lighting panel, an array of light emitting diodes (e.g. mounted as LED strips on each louver segment). The non-display side may also be a fixed image such as a printed image where each louver segment has a part of the image printed on it. In one example, the non-display side of the louver is a light guide, consisting of a light guide with a light scattering and diffusing surface for example, similar to light guides or back light units that provide illumination in LCD displays. In this case, the light guide may provide illumination for an LCD type display on one side of the segment and room illumination on the back or non-display side. The light source that couples light into the light guide may be attached on one, two or multiple sides of the segments.
In addition to discrete louver segments, a louver display may consist of a continuous, flexible, transparent substrate.
The display will have transparent segments, such as 46, in which no display elements exist, and display segments such as 44 where the display elements reside. The display elements may consist of individual panels that are attached to the substrate in such a manner as to form the necessary electrical connections, or could be envisioned to be manufactured directly on the substrate.
For example, the whole display may be manufactured in a web-based process or roll-to-roll process. The electronics elements may be laminated to the substrate or they may be directly fabricated on the transparent flexible substrate by a known patterning technique. For patterning the conductors or electronic elements, such as pixel circuits, photolithography, etching, laser ablation and thin film deposition techniques may be used. However, also printing methods may be used to pattern the circuitry on the flexible substrate. Printing may include screen printing, gravure printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, ink-jet printing, aerosol printing, stamping, pad printing, laser transfer printing, etc.
In one example, the circuits are printed using silver nanoparticle ink for the conductors and organic semiconductors (such as pentacene or polythiophenes) for the pixel transistors. In another example, the conducting lines such as gate lines or vertical lines consist of a transparent or semitransparent conductor such as indium tin oxide, zinc oxide, carbon nanotubes or PEDOT:PSS. Using a substantially transparent conducting material for the conducting lines that are patterned in the areas 46 improves the transparency of these areas. The areas 46 may also carry perforations such as holes 39 or slits 37 in order to let air or other substances pass. Such perforations may be stamped, etched or laser-etched into the flexible transparent substrate.
The flexible substrate may consist of a material such as Mylar(™) or polyethylene naphtlalate (PEN), or any other transparent or semitransparent material. In one example, the thickness of the flexible substrate is between 1 mil and 4 mil. The flexible substrate may not be necessarily transparent. If, as discussed above, perforations are patterned into the areas 46, transparency or partial transparency can be achieved through these perforations without the substrate material being transparent.
In the display regions 44, the display media may be directly patterned onto the substrate or it may be attached. As shown in
The above discussion addresses the structure of
As discussed before, the active-matrix driving scheme is just one example. In a passive-matrix addressing scheme, the gate lines 42 of the active-matrix scheme are equivalent to the vertical lines on one side of the display media and the horizontal lines oriented in the same direction as the data lines in an active-matrix addressing scheme are on the other side of the display media shown in
Using this type of arrangement, when the louver shade is opened, the transparent segments flex and allow the viewer to see through the gaps between the display segments.
Other configurations for the louver display are also possible.
The ability to display information on a louver display as discussed in the various embodiments above may provide many alternatives.
In
As a further enhancement, the non-display side of the louver segments may be made impact resistant, bullet proof or radiation resistant. The outside surface of the louvers could be made of, or covered in, Kevlar®, ceramic, armor plating or other bullet proof or impact resistant material or radiation resistant material such as lead shielding against x-ray or other particle radiation or temperature reflective material such as aluminized matting for shielding against heat radiation. The viewer would be safer inside the viewing environment, while still being able to monitor the external environment. For example, a soldier could be riding in a vehicle when the vehicle enters a fire zone. The soldier closes the louvers to provide bullet proof protection to him or her and any others in the vehicle, while ‘seeing’ the environment on the displays. Moreover, if louver segments are mounted which function on one side as a display, such electrophoretic display, and on the other side as a light source, such as an attached LED strip, the louver display may function as a warning sign which can display a message and emit a flashing signal, such as by rotating the louver segments. This kind of display may be stationary or mounted on a vehicle.
Regardless of the application of the louver shade displays, it is possible to provide louver shades that have displays. The displays may be used for video or changing still images, slogans, signs, etc., in a programmable and flexible fashion, while still providing the user with the ability to open the louvers to let in light and/or air.
It will be appreciated that several of the above-disclosed and other features and functions, or alternatives thereof, may be desirably combined into many other different systems or applications. Also that various presently unforeseen or unanticipated alternatives, modifications, variations, or improvements therein may be subsequently made by those skilled in the art which are also intended to be encompassed by the following claims.