LOW AIR LOSS ABSORBENT PAD

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure describe low air loss absorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses and/or for use as a standalone devices. In some embodiments, the low air loss apparatuses disclosed herein can include a porous (e.g., perforated) absorbent pad with air loss functionality. One or more layers of the low air loss apparatus can be constructed of absorbent materials to function as a low air loss incontinence pad. The low air loss apparatus can be connectable to an air supply source that provides a high flow, low stream of air resulting in the low air loss features. In some embodiments, the pad is designed as a cover for a polyurethane alternating pressure support apparatus that provides pressure relief via inflatable air cells that are high-pressure, low-flow.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

At least one embodiment of the present invention pertains to medical prevention and treatment devices, and more particularly, to low air loss absorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses.

BACKGROUND

Various systems and apparatuses exist for improving comfort and/or mitigating pressure ulcers though contact pressure mitigation. Unfortunately, these systems and apparatuses typically lack the ability to control the spatial relationship between the patient and the therapeutic surface (or contact surface) and, thus, patients using these support surfaces may still end up with pressure ulcer complications. Furthermore, these systems and/or apparatuses are commonly used with incontinent patients and, thus, sterilization and reuse of these devices has also been an issue.

Accordingly, a need exists for a system that overcomes the above problems, as well as one that provides additional benefits.

Overall, the examples herein of some prior or related systems and their associated limitations are intended to be illustrative and not exclusive. Other limitations of existing or prior systems will become apparent to those of skill in the art upon reading the following.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus, according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate schematic cross-section views of example low air loss cover apparatuses, according to various embodiments.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate schematic cross-section views of another example of low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 4 depicts a side view of an example system including a removably attachable low air loss absorbent pad that is configured as a low air loss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus on which a patient rests, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 5 depicts an example pressure mitigation support apparatus, according to an embodiment.

FIG. 6 depicts a top plan perspective view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600, according to an embodiment.

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict back plan views of example low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses, according to various embodiments.

FIG. 8 depicts a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of a computer system within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Described herein are low air loss absorbent apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses.

In some embodiments, a low air loss absorbent pad apparatus can operate as a low air loss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus or other apparatus. As described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,726,908 and 8,757,165, which have been expressly incorporated herein by reference, contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses can mitigate pressure between a user or patient and a contact surface on which the patient rests through the use of multiple alternating independently pressurized air cells. In some embodiments, low air loss functionality can be built into a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus or overlay device. For example, a low air loss portion or sheet with perforations in an outer covering can be constructed of a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material and permanently bonded to a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus or overlay device, also constructed of a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material, forming a one-piece combination apparatus or overly device having low-air loss features. The low-air loss features, e.g., similar to an air hockey table, can circulate air between the user or patient and the pressure relieving surface to keep a patient's skin cool and dry while also mitigating pressure between the user or patient and the contact surface. Consequently, the combination apparatus described herein adds a low air loft feature to a pressure relief surface (or overlay device).

However, the combination apparatus can also be difficult to clean and/or otherwise maintain. For example, pressure relieving surfaces are regularly placed underneath incontinent patients. In some instances, it can be difficult to clean the inside of the combination apparatus if the device gets soiled because the combination apparatus or overlay cannot simply be wiped down on the outer surface as soiled material can penetrate the perforations of the low air loss portion and get trapped in a low air loss cavity or space, e.g., urine can get into the small holes or perforations of the low air loss portion of the combination apparatus.

Incontinence pads can be used to prevent the soiled material from penetrating the perforations of the low air loss portion. Unfortunately, use of incontinence pads reduces or, in some cases, completely eliminates low air loss functionality. That is, incontinence pads are typically fabricated with a non-porous outer polyurethane layer or backing to protect underlying surfaces. The outer polyurethane layer or backing is air impermeable and liquid impervious material and, thus, when placed over perforations in the outer sheet, the non-porous outer polyurethane layer blocks the air flow through the perforations.

Accordingly, embodiments of the present disclosure describe low air loss absorbent pad apparatuses and systems for use thereof in conjunction with contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses and/or for use as a standalone apparatus. That is, in some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad comprises a single piece of a two-piece apparatus that is removably attachable to a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the low air loss apparatuses disclosed herein can include a porous (e.g., perforated) absorbent pad with air loss functionality. One or more layers of the low air loss apparatus can be constructed of absorbent materials to function as a low air loss incontinence pad. The low air loss apparatus can be connectable to an air supply source that provides a high flow, low stream of air resulting in the low air loss features. In some embodiments, the pad is designed as a cover for a polyurethane alternating pressure support apparatus that actively orients a specific anatomic region of a user's body over an epicenter of a geometric pattern to provide pressure relief via inflatable air cells that are high-pressure, low-flow. The absorbent features of the low air loss apparatus protect bedding or anything under the user (e.g., the alternating pressure support apparatus) as well as keeping the user's skin cool and dry. Additionally, the low air loss apparatus can be removable for sterilization and reuse and/or disposable for easy cleanup and replacement.

As discussed herein, the removable low air loss absorbent apparatus provides absorption and low air loss functionality keeping the patient's skin cool and dry in addition to providing protection to the pressure-mitigating contact surface on which the patient rests. Furthermore, because the low air loss absorbent pad is removable, the system facilitates sterilization and reuse and/or disposability for easy cleanup and replacement.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad apparatus is removably attachable to an overlay device and disposable. For example, the low air loss absorbent pad can be attached or affixed via Velcro, tape (e.g., a two-sided tape), or any other suitable methods of adhesion. Once soiled or dirty, the low air loss absorbent pad apparatus can be peeled away from the underlying surface or overlay device, disposed of, and replaced with a new low air loss absorbent pad. For example, if the low air loss absorbent pad is soiled and urine gets inside through the small holes of the low air loss feature, the low air loss cover can simply be discarded and a new one placed on the polyurethane pressure relieving surface and side wall air bolsters. In addition, in some embodiments, the disposable cover can be fabricated and/or otherwise include absorbent materials that function like an incontinence pad. Thus, the low air loss disposable cover can absorb fluid as well as protect the urethane inflatable pressure relief device and the user.

The following description and drawings are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting. Numerous specific details are described to provide a thorough understanding of the disclosure. However, in certain instances, well-known or conventional details are not described in order to avoid obscuring the description. References to one or an embodiment in the present disclosure can be, but not necessarily are, references to the same embodiment; and, such references mean at least one of the embodiments.

Reference in this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the disclosure. The appearances of the phrase “In some embodiments” in various places in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, nor are separate or alternative embodiments mutually exclusive of other embodiments. Moreover, various features are described which may be exhibited by some embodiments and not by others. Similarly, various requirements are described which may be requirements for some embodiments but not other embodiments.

The terms used in this specification generally have their ordinary meanings in the art, within the context of the disclosure, and in the specific context where each term is used. Certain terms that are used to describe the disclosure are discussed below, or elsewhere in the specification, to provide additional guidance to the practitioner regarding the description of the disclosure. For convenience, certain terms may be highlighted, for example using italics and/or quotation marks. The use of highlighting has no influence on the scope and meaning of a term; the scope and meaning of a term is the same, in the same context, whether or not it is highlighted. It will be appreciated that same thing can be said in more than one way.

Consequently, alternative language and synonyms may be used for any one or more of the terms discussed herein, nor is any special significance to be placed upon whether or not a term is elaborated or discussed herein. Synonyms for certain terms are provided. A recital of one or more synonyms does not exclude the use of other synonyms. The use of examples anywhere in this specification including examples of any terms discussed herein is illustrative only, and is not intended to further limit the scope and meaning of the disclosure or of any exemplified term. Likewise, the disclosure is not limited to various embodiments given in this specification.

Without intent to further limit the scope of the disclosure, examples of instruments, apparatus, methods and their related results, according to the embodiments of the present disclosure, are given below. Note that titles or subtitles may be used in the examples for convenience of a reader, which in no way should limit the scope of the disclosure. Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains. In the case of conflict, the present document, including definitions, will control.

Various references are made herein to contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses. It is appreciated that these references can refer to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,726,908 and 8,757,165, the contents of which have been expressly incorporated herein by reference. Furthermore, it is appreciated that the term “patient” as used herein can include any individuals, users or persons that sit or are bed bound for prolonged periods of time.

FIG. 1 depicts a top plan view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100, according to an embodiment. The example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 includes a non-porous base portion 110, a porous user contact portion 120, an air intake port or inlet 130, and an intake tube connector 135. The porous user contact portion 120 can be bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the user contact portion such that a low air space (or cavity) is formed between the non-porous base portion 110 and the porous user contact portion 120 (see, e.g., 622 of FIG. 6). As illustrated in the example of FIG. 1, in some embodiments, the porous user contact portion 120 can extend beyond the exterior perimeter of the non-porous base portion 110 at the top and bottom. In such cases, the porous user contact portion can be bonded to the non-porous base portion 120 at bond perimeter points 126 on the top and bottom and along the edges on each side.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 can function as both a low air loss incontinence pad and as a cover for an underlying apparatus and/or support surface. For example, the non-porous base portion 110 can be constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material in order to protect the underlying apparatuses and/or support surfaces from becoming soiled due to an incontinent patient.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion 110 can include winged segments 112. The winged segments can be used to secure the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 to a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus such as the apparatuses described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,726,908 and 8,757,165. Although the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 is primarily described herein as a cover for various contact pressure-mitigation support apparatuses, it is appreciated that the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 can be used as a cover in any number of scenarios including, but not limited to, a cover for a seat or seat cushion, a bed or bed frame, a mattress cover, a wheelchair seat or seat cushion cover, etc.

As illustrated in the example of FIG. 1, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 provides low air loss functionality through the use of low air loss orifices 125. The low air loss orifices 125 can be perforations in a sheet, small pin-sized holes, etc. In some embodiments, the low air loss orifices 125 may not be visible to the human eye. In any case, the low air loss orifices 125 function to slowly release the air pumped through the air intake port 130 in order to keep a patient in contact with the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 cool and dry. The air intake port 130 is configured to receive a high-flow low-pressure air stream or flow 140. Although not shown in the example of FIG. 1, the air flow 140 can be generated by an air control system such as, for example, a blower.

In some embodiments, the example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 100 comprises a protective cover that can attach to another device (e.g., a pressure mitigation support apparatus such as, for example, apparatus 500 of FIG. 5). In some embodiments, the protective cover can include the low air loss features. In other embodiments the low air loss features are not included (built into) the protective cover. Furthermore, in some embodiments, the protective cover can include the absorbent materials. In other embodiments, the absorbent materials may not be included within the protective cover or additional absorbent materials included.

FIGS. 2A-2D illustrate schematic cross-section views of example low air loss cover apparatuses 200a, 200b, 200c and 200b, respectively, according to various embodiments.

More specifically, FIG. 2A illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200a having a porous user contact absorptive layer 220a that is bonded directly to a non-porous base layer 210a forming a low air loss cavity 224a therebetween. Thus, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200a has absorption features through an absorbent user contact layer.

FIG. 2B illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200b having a porous non-absorptive user contact layer 220b that is bonded directly to a non-porous base layer 210b forming a low air loss cavity 224b therebetween. Furthermore, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200b has one or more absorption layers 218b bonded to either the user contact layer 220b and/or the non-porous base layer 210 that provide the absorption features.

FIG. 2C illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss cover apparatus 200c having a porous user contact non-absorptive layer 220c that is bonded directly to a non-porous base layer 210c forming a low air loss cavity 224c therebetween. The low air loss cover apparatus 200c has no absorption features but can be combined with one or more absorption pads (not shown) to provide absorption features.

FIG. 2D illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss cover apparatus 200d having a porous user contact non-absorptive layer 220d that is bonded directly to a porous base layer 210d forming a low air loss cavity 224d therebetween. The low air loss cover apparatus 200d has no absorption features but can be combined with one or more absorption pads (or layers) 233d to provide absorption features.

FIGS. 3A-3B illustrate schematic cross-section views of other examples of low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses 300a and 300b, respectively, according to various embodiments.

More specifically, FIG. 3A illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300a having a porous user contact absorptive layer 320a that is bonded in a circular fashion to form a low air loss cavity 324a. The porous user contact absorptive layer 320a is bonded to the non-porous base layer 310a. Thus, like the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 200a, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300a has absorption features through an absorbent user contact layer.

FIG. 3B illustrates a schematic cross-section view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300b. Like the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300a, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300b has a porous user contact layer 320b that is bonded in a circular fashion to form a low air loss cavity 324b. The low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 300b has one or more absorption layers 318b bonded to the user contact layer 320b that provide the absorption features.

Although not illustrated, an air intake port such as, for example, air intake port 130 of FIG. 1, can provide high-flow, low pressure air to the low air loss cavities 224a, 224b, 324a and 324b of FIGS. 2A, 2B, 3A and 3B, respectively. Furthermore, although not illustrated, it is appreciated that the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses can include combinations and variations of the designs described with respect to FIGS. 2A-3B including various additional layers.

FIG. 4 depicts a side view of an example system 400 including a removably attachable low air loss absorbent pad 440 that is configured as a low air loss protective cover for a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus 420 on which a patient 410 rests, according to an embodiment. As discussed herein, the removable low air loss absorbent pad apparatus 440 provides the absorption functionality of an incontinence pad with a low air loss functionality that keeps the skin of patient 110 cool and dry in addition to providing a protective cover for the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 and underlying support surface 415 on which the patient 410 rests. As discussed herein, in some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad 440 is removable and, thus, the example system 400 facilitates sanitary low air loss solution.

The example system 400 includes a patient 410, a support surface 415, a pressure mitigation support apparatus 420, a low air loss absorbent pad 440, and air control devices 430 and 450. The low air loss absorbent pad 440 can be the low air loss absorbent pad 100 of FIG. 1, although alternative configurations are possible.

In the example of FIG. 4, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 is comprised of two elevated side support portions 425 and a pressure-mitigating contact portion (illustrated in FIG. 5), and straps 426. As discussed in greater detail with reference to FIG. 5, the pressure-mitigating contact portion includes a plurality of independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on a base material. As described herein, the independently pressurized relief chambers can be configured in a geometric pattern that mitigates contact pressure between the support surface 415 and a specific anatomic region of a patient's body when the specific anatomic region of the patient's body is oriented over an epicenter of the geometric pattern. The support surface 415 may be a hospital bed and/or mattress, a table, a chair, or any other surface on which patient 410 can rest.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 are configured to actively orient the specific anatomic region of the patient's body (e.g., sacral region) over the epicenter of the geometric pattern. It is appreciated that the specific anatomic region can be any specific region of the patient's body that is susceptible to pressure ulcers. The side support portions 425 are configured to be ergonomically correct based on user height and/or size. For example, the side support portions 425 may be configured with a recess to accommodate the patient's elbows, in some embodiments, resulting in a more comfortable apparatus that off loads pressure over the elbow of the patient.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 can be significantly larger in size as compared to the size of the pressure relief surface air cells. As a result, the elevated side support portions 425 create a barrier that keeps a patient from moving laterally or sideways off of the anatomy-specific pressure-mitigating contact surface. In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 may be on average at least 2-3 inches taller in vertical height after inflation as compared to the average height of the inflated (or pressurized) pressure-mitigating contact portion (see pressure mitigating contact portion 522 of FIG. 5). Because the elevated side support portions 425 are larger and do not go underneath the patient, but instead straddle the sides of the patient, the elevated side support portions 425 act to hold and position the patient on top of the anatomy-specific pressure-mitigating contact surface.

The straps 426 are configured to secure the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 to the support surface 415. It is appreciated that alternative means for securing the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 to the support surface 415 are also possible.

In some embodiments, inner side walls of the elevated side support portions 425, on initial inflation of higher pressure, form a firm surface at a steep angle of orientation with respect to the patient on the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. For example, the inner side walls may be on a plane of 115 degrees plus or minus 25 degrees from the plane of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. These steep inner side walls create a steeply angled side wall down which the patient, when positioned inappropriately off to one side or another, will slide down toward an epicenter of a geometric pattern formed on the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. Thus, inflation or pressurization of the elevated side support portions 425 actively forces the patient into a position ideal for the mitigation of pressure by orienting the user in the correct position over the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420. As a result, the patient's anatomy will be correctly aligned with respect to the x-axis.

Once the initial inflation cycle has finished and the user is properly positioned, the internal pressures of the elevated side support portions 425 may decrease to a lower pressure to increase comfort and prevent excessive force against the lateral aspect of the patient. Ideally, a caregiver of the patient will be present during the initial positioning of the patient over the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 to ensure proper positioning of the patient by the elevated side support portions 425.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 comprise steeply angled side walls. For example, the walls may be angled such that the inner aspect of the elevated side support portions 425 which contact the user on the lateral aspects of each hip/thigh region simultaneously will form an obtuse angle of between 90 to 145 degrees with respect to the plane of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 (i.e., a pressure-mitigating contact portion). The elevated side support portions 425 may be connected by pressure channels (e.g., multi-channel tubing 435).

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 are inflated and deflated in series together. Thus, like the independently pressurized relief chambers, the air pressure in the elevated side support portions 425 can be controlled by the control device 430. Alternatively or additionally, each side support portion of the elevated side support portions 425 can be controlled by a unique control device and/or pump within the pump housing. The pressures within the elevated side support portions 425 can be determined based on pre-set parameters of the individual pump cycle as determined on an individual patient specific basis (e.g., individual parameters based on the weight, existing pressure ulcers, and/or position of the patient).

In some embodiments, there can be one or more air (or pressure) channels (not shown) between the elevated side support portions 425. In some cases, the air channels can be redundant. Redundancy of air channels allows for even distribution of air (or other pressure) between the elevated side support portions 425. For example, one air channel may traverse the outside (or perimeter) of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 to the top of the apparatus while a second air channel may traverse the outside of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 a lower edge of the apparatus. This configuration or arrangement creates a closed loop circle around the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 which allows air to pass unobstructed from the pump into a first one of the elevated side support portions 425 through the connecting air channels and into a second one of the elevated side support portions 425 without the weight of the patient blocking both channels simultaneously as this is physically improbable with the redundant configuration described herein.

In some embodiments, the pressure channels can flare out slightly at the point of entry into the elevated side support portions 425 so as to reduce the likelihood of kinking or otherwise disturbing the inflation and/or pressurization of the pressure channels.

In some embodiments, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 can have an additional elevated side support portion 425 that is positioned between the legs of a patient along the lower aspect of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 (not shown). This additional elevated side support portion 425 can prevent a patient from migration toward the foot of the bed in the y-axis.

In some embodiments, the elevated side support portions 425 function much like the side arms of a chair which has a seat portion that is the same size as the “seat” of the user (e.g., a chair that is too small for a user). These side arms allow only a small lateral position shift of the user. As is the case with the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420, this minimal lateral motion is not great enough to allow the user to displace their location off of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 to a degree that will render the pressure relief characteristics less effective.

The control system 430 is configured to regulate the pressure of each of the independently pressurized relief chambers via a pressure device 432 (e.g., air pump) and multi-channel tubing 435. For example, the independently pressurized relief chambers may be controlled in a specific pattern to preserve blood flow and reduce contact pressure when inflated (pressurized) and deflated (depressurized) in a coordinated fashion that is controlled by the control device 430. The multi-channel tubing 435 connects the pressure mitigation support apparatus 420 with the air pump control system 430. One or more connectors (not shown) may be used to make these connections.

The control system 450 is configured to regulate the air provided to the removably attachable low air loss absorbent pad 440 via a pressure device 452 (e.g., air pump) and air intake tube 455. As discussed herein, the pressure device 452 is configured to provide high-flow, low-pressure air while pressure device 432 is configured to provided low flow, high-pressure air. In some embodiments, control system 450 may simply adjust the rate of the flow. The rate can be adjustable by the patient 410 and/or healthcare personnel. In some embodiments, control system 450 may not be present and the pressure device 452 may not be adjustable.

In some embodiments, the control systems 430 and/or 450 are configured to be programmed by a patient, healthcare personnel, etc. In some embodiments, the control systems 430 and/or 450 can be programmed on a patient-specific basis to manage and mitigate pressure on one or more existing pressure ulcers that are currently present on a patient in a specific anatomic location and/or to control the rate of high air flow to the low air loss absorbent pad 440 based on preference of the patient, clinical conditions of the patient, etc. As the geometry of the design is specific to the patient's anatomy, the location of the pressure ulcer on the patient can be entered into the computer controlled pump and the ideal pressure time cycle optimized for healing the ulcer in that specified anatomic location. For example, if a patient has an ulcer in the typical location over the sacral bone centrally, the cycle will preferentially drop the pressures in this location and shorten the duration of pressure delivered to this location in order to promote healing of the ulcer. Similarly, if the ulceration is located over a specific ischial tuberosity, right or left, the pressure can be preferentially relieved in this location as the independently pressurized chambers are specifically designed to fit the underlying anatomy and each region of concern is able to be controlled specifically.

In some embodiments, the multi-channel tubing 435 comprises multi-lumen tubing to control pressure at different chambers of the plurality of independently pressurized chambers. Multi lumen tubing has multiple channels running through its profile. Multi lumen tubing has a variable Outer Diameter (OD), numerous custom Inner Diameters (ID's), and various wall thicknesses. The tubing can be in a number shapes: circular, oval, triangular, square, crescent, etc.

In some embodiments, the control system 430 may include a computer-controlled multi-channel low-flow, high pressure air pump while the control system 450 may include a computer-controlled high-flow, low-pressure air pump. The control systems 430 and/or 450 may have a number of programmable settings and memory to remember preferences. In some embodiments, the control system 130 can control pressure beneath one or more specific anatomic location(s) for specified durations in order to maximize blood flow and reduce pressure. The specified durations can be programmable. For example, the control system 130 can control the pressure in each of the individual pressurized relief chambers of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 120 such that the pressure in any chamber changes or is modified after a specified period of time. In this way, no part of the patient's body is left in contact with the pressure mitigation support apparatus 120 for more than a period of time. The period of time is programmable and may be based on pre-programmed settings or customizable by the patient and/or a health care professional.

In some embodiments, the control system 430 and 450 can be combined into a single controller with multiple pressure devices 432 and 452.

FIG. 5 depicts an example pressure mitigation support apparatus 500, according to an embodiment. The pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 includes side supports 525 and a pressure-mitigating contact portion 522. The pressure-mitigating contact portion 522 includes multiple independently pressurized relief chambers 527. The independently pressurized relief chambers 527 are configured in a specific geometric pattern that mitigates contact pressure between a support surface and a specific anatomic region of the patient's body when the specific anatomic region of the patient's body is oriented over an epicenter of the geometric pattern.

The epicenter 528 may be a central point of the pressure mitigation support apparatus; however, it is appreciated that the epicenter 528 need not be the central point of apparatus 500. As shown in the example of FIG. 5, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 includes a plurality of independently pressurized relief chambers 527 that are configured in a specific “C-shaped” geometric pattern that effectively mitigate and/or otherwise relieve contact pressure between a support surface and a sacral region of a patient's body when the pressure in the plurality of independently pressured relief chambers t27 is alternated. The anatomy specific “C-shaped” geometric design allows the geometric pattern to properly align with the patient's anatomy resulting in superior redistribution and relocation of pressure as compared to prior art support surfaces.

In some embodiments, the geometric pattern(s) described are specifically designed to coincide with the internal anatomy of the patient's sacral region. For example, the geometric pattern of independently pressurized relief chambers 527 can conform to a shape based on the internal anatomy (muscle, bone, vessel) in order to maximize the pressure-relieving properties of the apparatus. As a result, pressure relief can be provided in specific areas of the sacral region that are most prone to ulcer formation, namely over the bony prominences, e.g., the sacrum and ischial tuberosities. In this example, the pattern of the apparatus is, therefore, symmetric and non-repeating in nature. This is different from prior art support surfaces that typically employ repeating patterns over a large surface area of an entire bed mattress. The functionality of these prior art surfaces do not require knowledge of the location of a patient. That is, with prior art surfaces, there is no benefit for the patient being in one location verses another. Accordingly, the prior art surfaces are less effective and less accurate than the systems and/or apparatuses disclosed herein.

In the example of FIG. 5, the geometric pattern illustrates two lateral relief chambers forming “C” shapes facing each other around a central circular relief chamber which is the size of the sacral bone and positioned directly over the sacral bone. The central circular relief chamber is designed to fit the area of skin just at the top of the gluteal fold that overlies the sacral bony prominence which is the area at greatest risk for pressure ulcer formation.

In addition to the ability to directly relieving central pressure, the device is designed to intermittently relieve pressure just lateral to this central area. It is in this lateral region that the blood supply to the central region is located. The major blood supply via a named artery to the skin overlying the central sacral area runs in a course from deep within the pelvis around the lateral aspect of the sacral bone and travels to the skin overlying the sacrum centrally. Lateral pressure directly beneath the C shape regions which overlies the feeding arterial blood supply to the central sacral region will lead to ulceration centrally over the sacral bony prominence. The C shapes are located directly over the superior gluteal arteries, the vascular blood supply to the skin overlying the sacral bone.

A right and left superior gluteal artery run beneath the right and left C shapes respectively. By deflating the relief chamber that comprises the right C shape while the central air cell and the left C shaped relief chamber remain inflated, the pressure over the right superior gluteal artery is relieved and blood flow is optimized through the right superior gluteal artery to skin overlying the central area over the sacral bone. Similarly, pressure can be relieved over the left superior gluteal artery by performing a similar process with respect to the C-shaped air cell over the left superior gluteal artery. Pressure is rotated from one area to another as a result. The harmful effects of constant pressure in one location for a prolonged period of time which can lead to pressure ulcer formation are, therefore, avoided. These air cells are intertwined so that any individual air cell may be deflated and the other air cells that remain inflated will support the area defined by the now un-inflated air cell such that an area of low pressure is created in the area beneath the un-inflated air cell.

In some embodiments, the specific pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 may be a partial body alternating contact pressure mattress overlay device; although, alternative configurations are possible.

In the example of FIG. 5, the side supports 525 control the spatial relationship between the patient and the pressure-mitigating contact portion 522. As discussed, the geometric pattern of the pressure-mitigating contact portion 522 is designed to reduce constant pressure on the patient in the same place. In some embodiments, the side supports 525 may not be inflatable but fixed. In some embodiments, side supports 525 are disposed on each side of the support surface 500 to support patients of variable hip width. Further, in some embodiments, the side supports 525 may be decreasing in width from the outermost wall to the innermost wall. It is appreciated that a geometric pattern is shown for simplicity. The pressure-mitigating contact portion 522 may include a variety of different patterns and/or designs and sizes based on the specific body parts. Further, it is appreciated that the specific pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 can be designed to reduce pressure for specific regions or portions of a patient's body and/or for a patient's entire body in some instances.

A control system such as, for example, the control system 430 of FIG. 4 individually controls the pressure in each of the independently pressurized relief chambers. The pressure and length of time each air cell is at a specific pressure will be determined by an algorithm within the software program. In order to maximize the efficacy of the system, the specific pressures and timing cycles that will be utilized are patient-specific. The specific program (time/pressure cycle) specified for an individual patient may be determined by the specific patient's characteristics and/or factors that are entered into the pump controller program. This data is used to call for the optimal program for that patient. Possible characteristics and/or factors can include, but are not limited to, the patient's weight, the type of surface upon which the apparatus or overlay rests (e.g., bed, stretcher, air mattress, etc.), the patient position (flat in bed, bed at 30 degrees, bed at 45 degrees, bed at 90 degrees, sitting in chair, etc.), and/or the location of preexisting pressure ulcers. These characteristics and/or factors may be used to determine the pressure for the independently pressurized relief chambers over a period of time (e.g., the alternating pressure or the pressures needed to effectively redistribute and relocate pressure within a specific anatomic area).

In some embodiments, real-time (or near real-time) feedback from the independently pressurized relief chambers will allow the pump to adjust the pressure within each relief chamber towards the desired set pressure for each air cell at each phase of the cycle. Each relief chamber may be set to a specific pressure for a specific length of time. The cycles of each chamber will be coordinated with respect to all other chambers creating a coordination of inflations and deflations of the entire group of pressure relief chambers to maximize pressure redistribution and relief within the apparatus. It is appreciated that there are a finite number of cycle patterns that can achieve the desired result based on the physical constraints dictated by the human anatomy, the size of the sacral area, and the size that the air cells need to be in order to be effective at pressure relief yet comfortable and not prone to mal-align the long axis of the patient's spine if they are too tall in height.

The physiologic pressure around 32 mmHg is the ideal threshold below which pressure ulceration is less likely to occur. Given this ideal pressure target of 32 mmHg, the apparatus includes an ideal size of 2-3 inches for the pressure relief chambers in a partial body overlay that will create the required wall tension of the surface of these air cells to effectively redistribute high pressure points without causing mal-alignment of the long axis of the patient's spine. Additionally, in some embodiments, the difference in height between adjacent pressure relief chambers is not more than 1 inch in vertical height after inflation so as not to create a surface that is uncomfortable to the patient.

The ideal internal pressures that are optimal in conjunction with the identified ideal shapes of the pressure-relieving portion of the device or apparatus, namely, given the shape and design of the pressure relief surface (or pressure-mitigating contact portion), using pressures within the central pressure relief chamber that are on average 10 mmHg higher than the two lateral pressure relief chambers will produce, include optimal redistribution of interface pressure between the patient and the device.

In some embodiments, the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 may be constructed of various materials. For example, material used in construction of the inflatable or patient contact portion of the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 may be determined by the nature of the contact. If the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 is in direct contact with skin a soft, low sheer, breathable fabric is ideal. This fabric will have an impervious lining like, for example, polyurethane, etc. that is airtight and used to create the airtight chambers. The materials may be reusable and sterilizable. Conversely, if the pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 is underneath a protective cover or bed sheet, then the inflatable device can be made of an impervious flexible material like polyurethane. This is ideal for a multi-patient patient as it is easily washable and sterilized.

FIG. 6 depicts a top plan perspective view of an example low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600, according to an embodiment. More specifically, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 is illustrated in an active (i.e., inflated) state, as a result of a high-flow, low-pressure air flow or stream 640.

As discussed herein, the high-flow, low-pressure air flow or stream 640 can be provided by a high-flow air supply such as, for example, a blower system through a tube connected to intake tube connector 635. The air intake port 630 feeds the air stream to the low air cavity 622. The air intake port 630 can be bonded to or designed within the non-porous base portion 610 and/or the user contact portion 620. The low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 can be the low air loss absorbent pad 100 of FIG. 1, although alternative configurations are possible.

As shown in the example of FIG. 6, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 includes a winged segment 612 and envelope 615 on the backside (see e.g., envelopes 715 of FIG. 7A). As discussed herein, the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 can be a protective cover for a pressure mitigation support apparatus such as, for example, pressure mitigation support apparatus 500 of FIG. 5.

FIGS. 7A and 7B depict back plan views of example low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses 700A and 700B, respectively, according to various embodiments. More specifically, FIGS. 7A and 7B illustrate various techniques for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses to a pressure mitigation support apparatus or another apparatus as described herein. The low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses 700A and 700B can be example embodiments of back views of the low air loss absorbent cover apparatus 600 of FIG. 6, although alternative configurations are possible.

Referring first to FIG. 7A, which illustrates two envelopes 715 disposed on each side of the air loss absorbent cover apparatus 700A. As discussed herein, envelopes can be built into the winged segments of an air loss absorbent cover apparatus. In some embodiments, an additional layer can be bonded on three sides to create the envelopes. Alternatively, the envelopes can be built using a single piece of material with extended winged segments that can be folded at edge 716 and bonded on two sides to create the envelopes. FIG. 7B illustrates another example whereby one or more adhesive strips 716 are attached to the back side of the air loss absorbent cover apparatus 700A on a non-porous base portion 710.

It is appreciated that FIGS. 7A and 7B provide examples of the various techniques for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses to a pressure mitigation support apparatus or other apparatuses. Other examples for affixing the low air loss absorbent cover apparatuses to apparatuses are also possible including combinations and/or variations thereof.

FIG. 8 shows a diagrammatic representation of a machine in the example form of air pump control system 800 within which a set of instructions, for causing the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies discussed herein, may be executed.

In alternative embodiments, the machine operates as a standalone device or may be connected (e.g., networked) to other machines. In a networked deployment, the machine may operate in the capacity of a server or a client machine in a client-server network environment, or as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (or distributed) network environment.

The machine may be a server computer, a client computer, a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), a personal digital assistant (PDA), a cellular telephone, a web appliance, a network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing a set of instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify actions to be taken by that machine.

While the machine-readable (storage) medium is shown in an exemplary embodiment to be a single medium, the term “machine-readable (storage) medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, and/or associated caches and servers) that store the one or more sets of instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” or “machine readable storage medium” shall also be taken to include any medium that is capable of storing, encoding or carrying a set of instructions for execution by the machine and that cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies of the present invention.

In general, the routines executed to implement the embodiments of the disclosure, may be implemented as part of an operating system or a specific application, component, program, object, module or sequence of instructions referred to as “computer programs.” The computer programs typically comprise one or more instructions set at various times in various memory and storage devices in a computer, and that, when read and executed by one or more processors in a computer, cause the computer to perform operations to execute elements involving the various aspects of the disclosure.

Moreover, while embodiments have been described in the context of fully functioning computers and computer systems, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the various embodiments are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that the disclosure applies equally regardless of the particular type of machine or computer-readable media used to actually effect the distribution.

Further examples of machine or computer-readable media include but are not limited to recordable type media such as volatile and non-volatile memory devices, floppy and other removable disks, hard disk drives, optical disks (e.g., Compact Disk Read-Only Memory (CD ROMS), Digital Versatile Disks, (DVDs), etc.), among others, and transmission type media such as digital and analog communication links.

Additional Embodiments

In some embodiments, an alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system with low air loss features is disclosed. The alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system can include a low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide a flow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system can also include an air supply providing a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality. The alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system can include a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner, and multiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material. The alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system can include a second air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of the independently pressurized relief chambers.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is sterilizable and reusable.

In some embodiments, the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is disposable.

In some embodiments, a low air loss absorbent apparatus is disclosed. The low air loss absorbent apparatus comprises a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material; a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The low air loss absorbent apparatus also comprises an air intake port bonded to one or more of the non-porous base layer and the porous user contact layer, the air intake port configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality through the porous user contact portion.

In some embodiments, the air loss functionality circulates air between a user in contact with the porous user contact portion and the low air loss absorbent pad.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent pad comprises a protective cover for another apparatus.

In some embodiments, the another apparatus comprises a pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to another apparatus and washable.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to another apparatus and disposable.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to another apparatus via Velcro striping bonded to the non-porous base portion.

In some embodiments, the cover is removably attachable to another apparatus via adhesive tape.

In some embodiments, the air flow comprises a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air.

In some embodiments, the air intake port is configured to provide a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises a surface layer including multiple small orifices.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises one or more absorbent layers in the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion.

In some embodiments, the porous user contact portion comprises a surface layer including multiple perforations.

In some embodiments, the air impermeable, liquid impervious material comprises a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material.

In some embodiments, a low air loss pressure relief system is disclosed. The low air loss pressure relief system comprises a low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide a flow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The low air loss pressure relief system further comprises an air supply providing a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality.

In some embodiments, the pressure relief system further comprises a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated, and multiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material.

In some embodiments, the side support portions are configured to actively orient a specific anatomic region of the user's body over the epicenter of a geometric pattern, and wherein the independently pressurized relief chambers are configured in a geometric pattern that mitigates contact pressure between a support surface and a specific anatomic region of a user's body when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated and the specific anatomic region of the user's body is oriented over an epicenter of the geometric pattern.

In some embodiments, the pressure relief system further comprises a second air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of the independently pressurized relief chambers.

In some embodiments, the low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion includes multiple envelopes configured to secure the removably attachable low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus when the multiple elevated side support portions are inflated in the multiple envelopes.

In some embodiments, the non-porous base portion includes adhesive tape configured to secure the removably attachable low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

In some embodiments, a low air loss system is disclosed. The low air loss system comprises a low air loss cover apparatus including: a porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, and a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid impervious material, and an air intake port. The porous user contact portion can be bonded to the porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The air intake port can be bonded to one or more of the porous base layer and the porous user contact layer and can be configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed between the porous base portion and the porous user contact portion. The air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality.

In some embodiments, the low air loss system further comprises an absorbent pad constructed of a fluid absorbent material.

In some embodiments, the absorbent pad is configured beneath the porous base portion of the low air loss cover.

In some embodiments, the absorbent pad is bonded to the porous base portion of the low air loss cover.

In some embodiments, the low air loss system further comprises a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material, a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner, and multiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material. The absorbent pad is configured between the porous base portion of the low air loss cover and the pressure-mitigating contact portion of the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

CONCLUSION

Unless the context clearly requires otherwise, throughout the description and the claims, the words “comprise,” “comprising,” and the like are to be construed in an inclusive sense, as opposed to an exclusive or exhaustive sense; that is to say, in the sense of “including, but not limited to.” As used herein, the terms “connected,” “coupled,” or any variant thereof, means any connection or coupling, either direct or indirect, between two or more elements; the coupling of connection between the elements can be physical, logical or a combination thereof. Additionally, the words “herein,” “above,” “below” and words of similar import, when used in this application, shall refer to this application as a whole and not to any particular portions of this application. Where the context permits, words in the above Detailed Description using the singular or plural number may also include the plural or singular number respectively. The word “or,” in reference to a list of two or more items, covers all of the following interpretations of the word: any of the items in the list, all of the items in the list, and any combination of the items in the list.

The above-detailed description of embodiments of the disclosure is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the teachings to the precise form disclosed above. While specific embodiments of, and examples for, the disclosure are described above for illustrative purposes, various equivalent modifications are possible within the scope of the disclosure, as those skilled in the relevant art will recognize. For example, while processes or blocks are presented in a given order, alternative embodiments may perform routines having steps, or employ systems having blocks, in a different order, and some processes or blocks may be deleted, moved, added, subdivided, combined and/or modified to provide alternative or subcombinations. Each of these processes or blocks may be implemented in a variety of different ways. Also, while processes or blocks are at times shown as being performed in series, these processes or blocks may instead be performed in parallel, or may be performed at different times. Further, any specific numbers noted herein are only examples; alternative implementations may employ differing values or ranges.

The teachings of the disclosure provided herein can be applied to other systems, not necessarily the system described above. The elements and acts of the various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments.

Claims

1. An alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system with low air loss features, the alternating pressure relief fluid absorbent system comprising: a low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide a flow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion; andan air supply providing a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality;a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material,a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner, andmultiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material; anda second air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of the independently pressurized relief chambers.

2. The pressure relief fluid absorbent system of claim 1, wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

3. The pressure relief fluid absorbent system of claim 2, wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is sterilizable and reusable.

4. The pressure relief fluid absorbent system of claim 2, wherein the low air loss fluid absorbent protective cover apparatus is disposable.

5. A low air loss absorbent apparatus comprising: a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material;a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion;an air intake port bonded to one or more of the non-porous base layer and the porous user contact layer, the air intake port configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality through the porous user contact portion.

6. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the air loss functionality circulates air between a user in contact with the porous user contact portion and the low air loss absorbent pad.

7. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the low air loss absorbent pad comprises a protective cover for another apparatus.

8. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the another apparatus comprises a pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

9. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable to the another apparatus and washable.

10. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable to the another apparatus and disposable.

11. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable to the another apparatus via Velcro striping bonded to the non-porous base portion.

12. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 7, wherein the cover is removably attachable to the another apparatus via adhesive tape.

13. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the air flow comprises a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air.

14. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the air intake port is configured to provide a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air.

15. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the porous user contact portion comprises a surface layer including multiple small orifices.

16. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 15, wherein porous user contact portion comprises one or more absorbent layers in the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion.

17. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the porous user contact portion comprises a surface layer including multiple perforations.

18. The low air loss absorbent pad of claim 5, wherein the air impermeable, liquid impervious material comprises a polyurethane or polyurethane-like material.

19. A low air loss pressure relief system, comprising: a low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus including a non-porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material, a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid pervious, fluid absorbent material, and an air intake port configured to provide a flow of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the non-porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion; andan air supply providing a high-flow, low-pressure stream of air to the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion, wherein the stream of air causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality.

20. The pressure relief system of claim 19, further comprising: a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material,a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated, andmultiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material.

21. The pressure relief system of claim 20, wherein the side support portions are configured to actively orient a specific anatomic region of the user's body over the epicenter of a geometric pattern, and wherein the independently pressurized relief chambers are configured in a geometric pattern that mitigates contact pressure between a support surface and a specific anatomic region of a user's body when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated and the specific anatomic region of the user's body is oriented over an epicenter of the geometric pattern.

22. The pressure relief system of claim 20, further comprising: a second air supply providing a low-flow, high-pressure stream of air to pressurize each of the independently pressurized relief chambers.

23. The pressure relief system of claim 20, wherein the low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus is removably attachable to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

24. The pressure relief system of claim 23, wherein the non-porous base portion includes multiple envelopes configured to secure the removably attachable low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus when the multiple elevated side support portions are inflated in the multiple envelopes.

25. The pressure relief system of claim 23, wherein the non-porous base portion includes adhesive tape configured to secure the removably attachable low air loss absorbent protective cover apparatus to the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.

26. A low air loss system, comprising: a low air loss cover apparatus including: a porous base portion constructed of an air impermeable, liquid impervious material,a porous user contact portion constructed of an air permeable, liquid impervious material, wherein the porous user contact portion is bonded to the porous base portion around a perimeter of the porous user contact portion such that a cavity is formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion,an air intake port bonded to one or more of the porous base layer and the porous user contact layer, the air intake port configured to facilitate an air flow to the cavity formed between the porous base portion and the porous user contact portion,wherein the air flow causes the cavity formed between the non-porous base portion and the porous user contact portion to inflate providing low air loss functionality.

27. The low air loss system of claim 26, further comprising: an absorbent pad constructed of a fluid absorbent material.

28. The low air loss system of claim 27, wherein the absorbent pad is configured beneath the porous base portion of the low air loss cover.

29. The low air loss system of claim 27, wherein the absorbent pad is bonded to the porous base portion of the low air loss cover.

30. The low air loss system of claim 27, further comprising: a contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus including: a base material,a pressure-mitigating contact portion having multiple independently pressurized relief chambers interconnected on the base material and configured to mitigate contact pressure between a support surface and a user when pressure in the independently pressurized relief chambers is alternated in a pre-determined manner, andmultiple elevated side support portions interconnected on the base material;wherein the absorbent pad is configured between the porous base portion of the low air loss cover and the pressure-mitigating contact portion of the contact pressure-mitigation support apparatus.