Patent Grant
9951589
The invention generally relates to perforating guns used in a subterranean environment. More particularly, the invention relates to a shallow angle bottom circulator shaped charge designed for perforating through casing while reducing the risk of damaging adjacent casing.
Generally, when completing a subterranean well for the production of fluids, minerals, or gases from underground reservoirs, several types of tubulars are placed downhole as part of the drilling, exploration, and completions process. These tubulars can include casing, tubing, pipes, liners, and devices conveyed downhole by tubulars of various types. Each well is unique, so combinations of different tubulars may be lowered into a well for a multitude of purposes.
A subsurface or subterranean well transits one or more formations. The formation is a body of rock or strata that contains one or more compositions. The formation is treated as a continuous body. Within the formation hydrocarbon deposits may exist. Typically a wellbore will be drilled from a surface location, placing a hole into a formation of interest. Completion equipment will be put into place, including casing, tubing, and other downhole equipment as needed. Perforating the casing and the formation with a perforating gun is a well known method in the art for accessing hydrocarbon deposits within a formation from a wellbore.
Explosively perforating the formation using a shaped charge is a widely known method for completing an oil well. A shaped charge is a term of art for a device that when detonated generates a focused explosive output. This is achieved in part by the geometry of the explosive in conjunction with a liner in the explosive material. Generally, a shaped charge includes a metal case that contains an explosive material with a concave shape, which has a thin metal liner on the inner surface. Many materials are used for the liner; some of the more common metals include brass, copper, tungsten, and lead. When the explosive detonates the liner metal is compressed into a super-heated, super pressurized jet that can penetrate metal, concrete, and rock.
A perforating gun has a gun body. The gun body typically is composed of metal and is cylindrical in shape. Within a typical gun tube is a charge holder, which is a tube that is designed to hold the actual shaped charges. The charge holder will contain cutouts called charge holes where the shaped charges will be placed.
A shaped charge is a term of art for a device that when detonated generates a focused explosive output. This is achieved in part by the geometry of the explosive in conjunction with a liner in the explosive material. Many materials are used for the liner; some of the more common metals include brass, copper, tungsten, and lead. When the explosive detonates the liner metal is compressed into a super-heated, super pressurized jet that can penetrate metal, concrete, and rock.
A shaped charge can do cause considerable damage and penetrate through layers of metal, concrete, and rock. In some applications, the further a shaped charge can penetrate its intended target the better. However, there are applications where over penetration is a concern. For instance, there are applications where a there are tubulars located within other tubulars, or tubulars located proximate to each other. In these applications there might be a need to puncture through one tubular but minimize the risk of puncturing another tubular.
In at least one example of the invention, the invention comprises a shaped charge liner comprising a first section having a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, a first outer surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface, a second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, a second outer surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface, a third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, a third outer surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle.
The example further comprises a top surface having an inner edge, an outer edge and a top surface, wherein the inner edge is proximate with the third inner surface and the top surface is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. In another example the top surface further comprises an exterior cylindrical surface parallel to the shared axis wherein the cylindrical surface is proximate to the third outer surface. In another example the second outer surface and the third outer surface are substantially aligned to form a continuous surface. In another example the second section has a first height measured along the first axis from the first inner surface to the third inner surface, the third section has a second height measured along the first axis from the second inner surface to the furthest edge of the third inner surface, and the second height is no more than the first height.
In another example the intersection of the inner edge of the top surface and the third inner surface forms a first fillet with a first radius. In another example the intersection of the outer edge of the top surface and the cylindrical surface forms a second fillet with a second radius. In another example the first radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. In another example the second radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. In another example the first inner surface of the first section has a convex shape. In another example the first inner surface of the first section has a concave shape. In another example the first conical angle is approximately 180 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is more than 180 degrees.
In another example the first section has a first diameter and the top surface has a second diameter and the first diameter ratio to the second diameter is between 0.15 and 0.45. In another example the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees. In another example the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees. In another example the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the length of the cylindrical surface along the first axis is between 0.030 and 0.040 inches. In another example the second outer surface has a fourth conical angle between 112 and 124 degrees. In another example the third outer surface has a fifth conical angle between 68 and 98 degrees.
In another example the second outer surface has a fourth conical angle, the third outer surface has a fifth conical angle, and the fourth conical angle is approximately equal to the fifth conical angle. In another example the first height is between 0.083 and 0.132 inches. In another example the second height is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In another example the first height is between 0.080 and 0.132 inches and the second height is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In another example the first height is approximately 0.137 inches, the second height is approximately 0.245 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 68 degrees. In another example the first height is approximately 0.087 inches, the second height is approximately 0.170 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees. In another example the first height is approximately 0.090 inches, the second height is approximately 0.160 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees.
In another example the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.235 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 108 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees.
In another example the first height is approximately 0.105 inches, the second height is approximately 0.205 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees. In another example the first height is approximately 0.127 inches, the second height is approximately 0.223 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees. In another example the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees. In another example the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
Another example of the invention is a shaped charge explosive comprising a case with a first opening and an inner wall a liner further comprising a first section, a second section, and a third section, the first section having a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, a first outer surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface, the second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, a second outer surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface, the third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, a third outer surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle, an explosive located between the liner and the inner wall of the case.
Another example of the invention includes a top surface having an inner edge, an outer edge and a top surface, wherein the inner edge is proximate with the third inner surface and the top surface is substantially perpendicular to the first axis. Another example of the invention includes the top surface further comprising an exterior cylindrical surface parallel to the shared axis wherein the cylindrical surface is proximate to the third outer surface.
Another example of the invention includes the second outer surface and the third outer surface being substantially aligned to form a continuous surface. An example may include the second section having a first height measured along the first axis from the first inner surface to the third inner surface, the third section having a second height measured along the first axis from the second inner surface to the furthest edge of the third inner surface, and the second height is no more than the first height.
Another example of the invention includes the intersection of the inner edge of the top surface and the third inner surface forming a first fillet with a first radius. Another example of the invention includes the intersection of the outer edge of the top surface and the cylindrical surface forming a second fillet with a second radius. Another example of the invention includes the first radius being between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. Another example of the invention includes the second radius being between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches.
Another example of the invention includes the first inner surface of the first section having a convex shape. Another example of the invention includes the first inner surface of the first section having a concave shape. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being approximately 180 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being less than 180 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being more than 180 degrees.
Another example of the invention includes the first section having a first diameter and top surface having a second diameter and the first diameter ratio to the second diameter is between 0.15 and 0.45. Another example of the invention includes the second conical angle being between 100 and 130 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the second conical angle being between 108 and 124 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle being between 100 and 130 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle being between 108 and 124 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the third conical angle being between 56 and 94 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle being between 100 and 130 degrees, and the third conical angle being between 56 and 94 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the first conical angle being less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle being between 108 and 124 degrees, and the third conical angle being between 56 and 94 degrees.
Another example of the invention includes the length of the cylindrical surface along the first axis being between 0.030 and 0.040 inches. Another example of the invention includes the second outer surface having a fourth conical angle between 112 and 124 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the third outer surface having a fifth conical angle between 68 and 98 degrees. Another example of the invention includes the second outer surface having a fourth conical angle, the third outer surface having a fifth conical angle, and the fourth conical angle is approximately equal to the fifth conical angle. Another example of the invention includes the first height being between 0.080 and 0.132 inches. Another example of the invention includes the second height being between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. Another example of the invention includes the first height being between 0.080 and 0.132 inches and the second height being between 0.140 and 0.240 inches.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.137 inches, the second height is approximately 0.245 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 68 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.087 inches, the second height is approximately 0.170 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.090 inches, the second height is approximately 0.160 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.235 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 108 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.105 inches, the second height is approximately 0.205 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.127 inches, the second height is approximately 0.223 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
Another example of the invention includes a perforating gun comprising at least one shaped charge further comprising, a case with a first opening, a second opening, and an inner wall, a case with a first opening, a second opening, and an inner wall, a liner further comprising a first section having a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, a first outer surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface, a second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, a second outer surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface, a third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, a third outer surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle, and a gun carrier housing adapted to contain the at least one shaped charge.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, including a top surface having an inner edge, an outer edge and a top surface, wherein the inner edge is proximate with the third inner surface and the top surface is substantially perpendicular to the first axis.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the top surface further comprises an exterior cylindrical surface parallel to the shared axis wherein the cylindrical surface is proximate to the third outer surface. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second outer surface and the third outer surface are substantially aligned to form a continuous surface.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second section has a first height measured along the first axis from the first inner surface to the third inner surface, the third section has a second height measured along the first axis from the second inner surface to the furthest edge of the third inner surface, and the second height is no more than the first height. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the intersection of the inner edge of the top surface and the third inner surface forms a first fillet with a first radius. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the intersection of the outer edge of the top surface and the cylindrical surface forms a second fillet with a second radius. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first inner surface of the first section has a convex shape. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first inner surface of the first section has a concave shape.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is approximately 180 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is more than 180 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, wherein the first section has a first diameter and top surface has a second diameter and the first diameter ratio to the second diameter is between 0.15 and 0.45. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the length of the cylindrical surface along the first axis is between 0.030 and 0.040 inches. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second outer surface has a fourth conical angle between 112 and 124 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the third outer surface has a fifth conical angle between 68 and 98 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second outer surface has a fourth conical angle, the third outer surface has a fifth conical angle, and the fourth conical angle is approximately equal to the fifth conical angle. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is between 0.080 and 0.132 inches. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the second height is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is between 0.080 and 0.132 inches and the second height is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.137 inches, the second height is approximately 0.245 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 68 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.087 inches, the second height is approximately 0.170 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.090 inches, the second height is approximately 0.160 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.235 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 108 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 56 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.105 inches, the second height is approximately 0.205 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.127 inches, the second height is approximately 0.223 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 94 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees. In a variation of at least one example of the invention, the first height is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is approximately 62 degrees.
An example of the invention includes a method of perforating a well comprising providing a perforating gun, mounting at least one shaped charge in the perforating gun, the shaped charge comprising a casing, placing a liner within said casing, said liner comprising, a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, a first outer surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface, a second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, a second outer surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface, a third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, a third outer surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle, placing an explosive material disposed in between said liner and said casing, connecting a firing head to the perforating gun, placing the perforating gun in said well at a desired location within the well, and detonating the at least one shaped charge at the desired location.
An example of the invention includes a shaped charge explosive comprising a case with a first opening and an inner wall, a liner further comprising a first section, a second section, and a third section. The first section having a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface. The second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface. The third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface. Furthermore, the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle. An explosive is located between the liner and the inner wall of the case.
An example of the invention may include a perforating gun comprising at least one shaped charge further comprising a case with a first opening, a second opening, and an inner wall. A case with a first opening, a second opening, and an inner wall. A liner further comprising a first section having a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface. A second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface. A third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface. Furthermore the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned where the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle. The invention may include a gun carrier housing adapted to contain the at least one shaped charge.
An example of the invention may include a method of perforating a well, comprising providing a perforating gun, mounting at least one shaped charge in the perforating gun, the shaped charge comprising a casing and placing a liner within said casing. Said liner comprising a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface. A second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface. A third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle. The method may include placing an explosive material disposed in between said liner and said casing, connecting a firing head to the perforating gun, placing the perforating gun in said well at a desired location within the well, and detonating the at least one shaped charge at the desired location.
A variation of the examples disclosed may include the second section having a first height measured along the first axis from the first inner surface to the third inner surface, the third section having a second height measured along the first axis from the second inner surface to the furthest edge of the third inner surface, where the second height is no more than the first height. The first inner surface of the first section may have a convex shape. The first inner surface of the first section may have a concave shape. The first conical angle may be approximately 180 degrees or more than 180 degrees. The first section may have a first outer diameter and the third section may have a second outer diameter and the ratio of the first diameter to the second diameter is between 0.15 and 0.45. The second conical angle may be between 108 and 124 degrees. The first conical angle may be less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle may be between 108 and 124 degrees. The third conical angle may be between 56 and 94 degrees. The first conical angle may be less than 180 degrees, where the second conical angle is between 100 and 130 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. The first conical angle may be less than 180 degrees, where the second conical angle is between 108 and 124 degrees, and the third conical angle is between 56 and 94 degrees. The first height may be between 0.080 and 0.132 inches. The second height may be between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. The first height may be between 0.080 and 0.132 inches and the second height may be between 0.140 and 0.240 inches.
For a thorough understanding of the present invention, reference is made to the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in which reference numbers designate like or similar elements throughout the several figures of the drawing. Briefly:
In the following description, certain terms have been used for brevity, clarity, and examples. No unnecessary limitations are to be implied there from and such terms are used for descriptive purposes only and are intended to be broadly construed. The different apparatus, systems and method steps described herein may be used alone or in combination with other apparatus, systems and method steps. It is to be expected that various equivalents, alternatives, and modifications are possible within the scope of the appended claims. For instance, an energetic device in this specification may include, but is not limited to, a shaped charge or a jet cutter.
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In this embodiment the liner 27 and energetic material 26 may be held in place by an adhesive, a snap ring, or some other retaining device. The shaped charge 12 may also include vent holes 32 in order to assist in allowing gases to vent out of the shaped charge 12 if an unplanned deflagration of the energetic material 26 occurs. The detonating cord that initiates the shaped charge 12 is placed in opening 24.
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In at least one example of the invention, as depicted in
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In another example the intersection of the inner edge 66 of the top surface 68 and the third inner surface 63 forms a first fillet 70 with a first radius. In another example the intersection of the outer edge 67 of the top surface and the cylindrical surface 69 forms a second fillet 71 with a second radius. In another example the first radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. In another example the second radius is between approximately 0.015 and 0.025 inches. In another example the first inner surface 57 of the first section 41 has a convex shape. The top section could have a larger or smaller radius fillet, or the fillet could be replaced with a chamfer, or that feature could be omitted.
In another example the first inner surface 57 of the first section 41 has a concave shape. In another example the first conical angle 59 is approximately 180 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is more than 180 degrees.
In another example the first section 41 has a first diameter 36 and top surface 43 has a second diameter 37 the first diameter 36 ratio to the second diameter 37 is between 0.15 and 0.45. In another example the second conical angle 35 is between 100 and 130 degrees. In another example the second conical angle 35 is between 108 and 124 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle 35 is between 100 and 130 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees and the second conical angle 35 is between 108 and 124 degrees. In another example the third conical angle 34 is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is between 100 and 130 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is between 108 and 124 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is between 56 and 94 degrees. In another example the length of the cylindrical surface 72 along the first axis is between 0.030 and 0.040 inches. In another example the second outer surface 62 has a fourth conical angle 73 between 112 and 124 degrees. In another example the third outer surface 64 has a fifth conical angle 74 between 68 and 98 degrees.
In another example the second outer surface 62 has a fourth conical angle 73, the third outer surface 64 has a fifth conical angle 74, and the fourth conical angle 73 is approximately equal to the fifth conical angle 74. In another example the first height 45 is between 0.080 and 0.132 inches. In another example the second height 75 is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In another example the first height 45 is between 0.080 and 0.132 inches and the second height 75 is between 0.140 and 0.240 inches. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.137 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.245 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 68 degrees. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.087 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.170 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 56 degrees. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.090 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.160 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 94 degrees.
In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.235 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 108 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 56 degrees.
In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.105 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.205 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 114 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 62 degrees. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.127 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.223 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 118 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 94 degrees. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 62 degrees. In another example the first height 45 is approximately 0.123 inches, the second height 75 is approximately 0.218 inches, the first conical angle 59 is less than 180 degrees, the second conical angle 35 is approximately 124 degrees, and the third conical angle 34 is approximately 62 degrees.
Another example of the invention is a shaped charge 12 comprising a case 28 with a first opening 31 and an inner wall 33 a liner 27 further comprising a first section 41, a second section 42, and a third section 43, the first section having a first axis 60, a substantially conical first inner surface 57, a first outer surface 58, and a first conical angle 59 respective to the first inner surface 57, the second section 42 sharing the same axis 60 as the first section 41, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface 61, a second outer surface 62, and a second conical angle 35 respective to the second inner surface 61, the third section 43 sharing the same axis 60 as the first section 41, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface 63, a third outer surface 64, and a third conical angle 34 respective to the third inner surface 63, wherein the first section 41, second section 42 and third section 43 are axially aligned, the first conical angle 59 is larger than the second conical angle 35 and the second conical angle 35 is larger than the third conical angle 34, an explosive 26 located between the liner 27 and the inner wall 33 of the case 28.
Another example of the invention includes a perforating gun 10, comprising at least one shaped charge 12 further comprising, a case 28 with a first opening 31, a second opening 25, and an inner wall 33, a liner 27 further comprising a first section 41 having an axis 60, a substantially conical first inner surface 57, a first outer surface 58, and a first conical angle 59 respective to the first inner surface 57, a second section 42 having sharing the same axis 60 as the first section 41, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface 61, a second outer surface 62, and a second conical angle 35 respective to the second inner surface 61, a third section 43 having sharing the same axis 60 as the first section 41, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface 63, a third outer surface 64, and a third conical angle 34 respective to the third inner surface 63, wherein the first section 41, second section 42 and third section 43 are axially aligned, the first conical angle 59 is larger than the second conical angle 35 and the second conical angle 35 is larger than the third conical angle 34, and a gun carrier housing 18 adapted to contain the at least one shaped charge 12.
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Referring to
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Referring to
An example of the invention includes a method of perforating a well comprising providing a perforating gun, mounting at least one shaped charge in the perforating gun, the shaped charge comprising a casing, placing a liner within said casing, said liner comprising, a first axis, a substantially conical first inner surface, a first outer surface, and a first conical angle respective to the first inner surface, a second section having a second axis, a substantially frusto-conical second inner surface, a second outer surface, and a second conical angle respective to the second inner surface, a third section having a third axis, a substantially frusto-conical third inner surface, a third outer surface, and a third conical angle respective to the third inner surface, wherein the first section, second section and third section are axially aligned, the first conical angle is larger than the second conical angle and the second conical angle is larger than the third conical angle, placing an explosive material disposed in between said liner and said casing, connecting a firing head to the perforating gun, placing the perforating gun in said well at a desired location within the well, and detonating the at least one shaped charge at the desired location.
Although the invention has been described in terms of particular embodiments which are set forth in detail, it should be understood that this is by illustration only and that the invention is not necessarily limited thereto. Alternative embodiments and operating techniques will become apparent to those of ordinary skill in the art in view of the present disclosure. Accordingly, modifications of the invention are contemplated which may be made without departing from the spirit of the claimed invention.
This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/005,356, filed May 30, 2014 for, “Low Angle Bottom, Pressed Powdered Metal Liners Used for Circulator Charges.”
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/US2015/033280 | 5/29/2015 | WO | 00 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015/184323 | 12/3/2015 | WO | A |
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| Entry |
|---|
| Notification of Transmittal of the International Search Report and Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority, PCT Application No. PCT/US15/33280, dated Aug. 29, 2015, 12 pages. |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20170122083 A1 | May 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62005356 | May 2014 | US |
