The present disclosure generally relates to sensors. More specifically, various embodiments relate to batteryless, substrate-supported, wireless paper based sensors.
Sensors are typically used to monitor data in various applications, such as agricultural applications and in the health care industry. In agricultural applications, sensors may be used to monitor crop fields in order to apprise fanners of various conditions present in the crop field. In agricultural applications, large areas, such as hundreds of acres, need to be monitored. For example, soil conditions are monitored in order to ensure that the soil conditions are conducive to growing crops. Typically, the soil conditions are manually monitored, where a user moves around crop fields with a probe for insertion into the crop field. Often times, this method of manually monitoring soil conditions is time prohibitive since users need to manually probe hundreds of acres.
Moreover, in some implementations, battery-powered sensors may be used for agricultural applications. In these implementations, the sensors are placed in areas that require monitoring and gather data to determine soil conditions. However, these sensors typically are expensive, require a battery, and, if the battery does not die first, tend to decay over time due to exposure to the elements. Additionally, for large areas, such as hundreds of acres, a large number of these sensors are required. Thus, using these types of sensors are cost prohibitive. Furthermore, similar to using the probes mentioned above, no automated method exists for gathering data from these sensors. Instead, the data must be manually gathered, which creates problems similar to using probes.
Furthermore, sensors are used in the health care industry. For example, glucose test strips are used to monitor blood glucose levels. However, most commercial test strips use a glucose oxidase as recognition agents, which increases cost associated with the test strips and reduces the durability of the test strips.
Sensors made in accordance with the above have several advantages. For example, by using sensors that employ polymeric, non-cellulosic substrates, the costs associated with these types of sensors are greatly decreased. Since these types of sensors are inexpensive, hundreds of sensors may be deployed in a large area, such as a crop field, at a relatively low cost. Furthermore, since an external device, such as a drone, may be used to communicate with the sensors, a large amount of data, i.e., data from the hundreds of sensors, may be gathered in a short period of time. Moreover, since the sensors described above are made from polymeric, non-cellulosic substrates and do not require a battery, the sensors may be placed in an environment for an extended period of time without fear of degradation due to the elements or power loss due to a non-functioning battery. Moreover, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, sensors that may be fabricated as described herein may be stable in air for more than eleven weeks, such as sensors that include biological or chemical sensing elements.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a multiplexing, wireless, batteryless sensor having a printable, synthetic substrate, such as a polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate. In an embodiment, the sensor may include an ultra-wide band antenna (UWB) that may have a radio frequency (RE) receiver and a RF transmitter in communication with a multiplexing sensing element. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RF receiver, the RF transmitter, and the multiplexing sensing element are disposed on the printable, synthetic substrate. The UWB may be capable of operating over a broad. frequency band such as, for example, about 2.2 GHz to about 17 GHz. The multiplexing sensing element may be capable of detecting and/or monitoring different parameters, such as physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The multiplexing sensing element may be a resonator such as either an interdigitated transducer or a sandwich type capacitor. In an embodiment, during use, the multiplexing sensing element can be used to determine the amount of a physical parameter in a test sample in response to receiving a signal via the antenna.
In a further embodiment of the present disclosure, a multiplexing, wireless, battery less sensor is provided. The multiplexing, wireless, batteryless sensor may include a RF wireless communication antenna and multiple sensing elements. In an embodiment, the RF wireless communication antenna may be configured to receive an RF signal. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the sensing elements are operatively coupled to the antenna and disposed on a polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate
In another embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of monitoring a parameter is provided. In this embodiment, the parameter is monitored with a sensor that may include a polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate, a RF wireless communication antenna disposed on the polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate and a sensing element disposed opposite the RF wireless communication antenna on the polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate. In an embodiment, the method comprises positioning the sensor within a medium to be monitored such that the RF wireless communication antenna is exposed to an ambient environment and the sensing element is disposed within the medium to be monitored. In an embodiment, the sensor is activated in response to a first RF communication signal received at the RF wireless communication antenna from an external device. Furthermore, in an embodiment, the method may include monitoring the parameter within the medium where the sensing element senses an attribute shift that corresponds to the parameter in the medium. In addition, data corresponding to the sensed attribute shift may be provided to the external device via a second RF communication signal sent from the RF wireless communication antenna.
In an alternative embodiment of the present disclosure, a method of forming a molecularly imprinted sensor for sensing a molecular component having a first polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate is provided. In an embodiment, a molecular component may be combined with a monomer to form a solution and the solution is combined with an oxidant to form an electrode solution. In an embodiment, a second polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate is soaked with the electrode solution. Afterwards, a portion of the electrode solution and a portion of the second polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate may be removed from the second polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate to form an electrode, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure. The electrode may then be placed onto the first polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure.
The accompanying drawings are incorporated into and form a part of the specification to illustrate several examples of the present disclosure. These drawings, together with the description, explain the principles of the disclosure. The drawings simply illustrate possible and alternative examples of how the disclosure can be made and used and are not to be construed as limiting the disclosure to only the illustrated and described examples. Further features and advantages will become apparent from the following, more detailed, description of the various aspects, embodiments, and configurations of the disclosure, as illustrated by the drawings referenced below.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a multiplexing, wireless, battery less sensor having a printable, synthetic substrate, such as a polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate. In an embodiment, the sensor may include an UWB that may have a RF receiver and a RF transmitter in communication with a multiplexing sensing element. In an embodiment of the present disclosure, the RF receiver, the RF transmitter, and the multiplexing sensing element are disposed on the printable, synthetic substrate. The UWB may be capable of operating over a broad frequency band such as, for example, about 2.2 GHz to about 17 GHz. The multiplexing sensing element may be capable of detecting and/or monitoring different parameters, such as physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The multiplexing sensing element may be a resonator such as either an interdigitated transducer or a sandwich type capacitor. In an embodiment, during use, the multiplexing sensing element can be used to determine the amount of a physical, chemical, and biological parameter in a test sample in response to receiving a signal via the antenna.
Now making reference to the Figures, and more specifically to
When prompted by the drone 18, the sensor 12 may monitor various physical, chemical, and biological conditions of the soil environment 14, In an embodiment, this includes the early detection of pests and diseases that may be resident in the soil environment 14. In particular, the sensor 12 may survey the physiology of roots 20 and plants 22 within the soil environment 14 to detect the presence of any pests or diseases in the soil environment 14, the roots 20, and the plants 22. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensor 12 may determine any type of parameter associated with the soil environment 14, the roots 20, and the plants 22. For example, the sensor 12 may determine a moisture level of the soil environment 14, a pH level of the soil environment 14, bacteria in the soil environment 14, or a temperature of the soil environment 14. Furthermore, the sensor 12 may determine nitrogen, phosphate, phosphorus, H+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and/or carbon levels within the soil environment 14. It should be noted that the sensor 12 is not limited to detecting these parameters and any other types of parameters are envisioned by the present disclosure.
After the sensor 12 monitors a desired parameter in the soil environment 14, the measured parameter may be sent to the drone 18 via the RF communications 16. In an embodiment, the drone 18 may forward along the measurements to a controller 24, which may include a cloud machine learning process, artificial intelligence, or the like. The controller 24 processes the measured parameter to determine, in a scenario where the measured parameter is indicative of an undesirable condition in the soil environment 14, what type of corrective action should be taken to remediate the soil environment 14 and/or the roots 20 and the plants 22. In some embodiments, the controller 24 may employ artificial intelligence to make this determination. To further illustrate, if the sensor 12 returns a measurement indicative of a low moisture content in the soil environment 14, the controller 24 may adjust an irrigation system (indicated at 26) associated with the environment 10 in order to increase the moisture content of the soil environment 14 to a desired level. As a further example, if the sensor 12 determines that one of a nitrogen, phosphate, and/or carbon levels within the soil environment 14 are not at a proper level, the controller 24 may adjust the amount of nutrients (indicated at 26) provided to the soil environment 14. In another example, if the sensor 12 determines the onset of pests or disease, the controller 24 may adjust the amount of pesticide or any other form of remediation (indicated at 26) provided to the soil environment 14 in order to address the onset of the pests or disease. While the sensor 12 is described as being used with the soil environment 14 in an agricultural field, deployment of the sensor 12 is not limited to agricultural field applications. More specifically, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensor may be a biological sensor used for livestock management, such as for the early detection of viruses or bacterial infections. In addition, the sensor may be used for environmental monitoring, weather monitoring, infant monitoring, or any other type of monitoring. Moreover, the sensor may be a chemical sensor where the sensor may be an ion sensor or a molecular sensor. Also, in accordance with further embodiments of the present disclosure, a strain sensor can be made using the techniques described herein in order to monitor constricted structures such as a building, bridges, a tunnel, or any other type of structure.
The sensor 12 includes various componenuy in order to monitor a desired parameter of the soil environment 14 and communicate with the drone 18, as shown with reference to
Simulations with PET substrates indicate little performance loss in comparison to traditional materials used for device substrates, such as PCB. In particular,
Returning to
Each of the resonators 32 and 34 form individual sensing elements that may be configured to sense various parameters, such as physical, chemical, and biological parameters. The resonators 32 and 34 are multiplexing resonators which, as will be discussed further below, monitor a desired parameter based on this multiplexing capability. While the resonators 32 and 34 are shown as interdigitated transducers, any type of device capable of functioning as a resonator may be used such as sandwich type capacitive sensors that sense capacitance changes. Additionally, in accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the resonators may be formed by electrodes and molecularly imprinted structures such that the sensing element includes two sensing elements, an electrode and a molecularly imprinted structure. In these embodiments, the molecularly imprinted structure may be integrated into the electrode, above the electrode, or below the electrode. Moreover, devices that may be used for the resonators may include any type of LC circuit, inclusive of a tank circuit or tuned circuit, or any type of device that employs an inductor and a capacitor. Furthermore, the resonators may include either capacitive or conductive parallel plates. Moreover, in accordance with further embodiments of the present disclosure, in embodiments where conductive ink is used to form the resonators, the conductive ink may be modulated with a molecular imprinting process in order to immobilize specific targets, such as molecules, cells, viruses, or the like.
While the sensor 12 is shown having two resonators, the resonators 32 and 34, any number of resonators may be used, in accordance with some embodiments. Moreover, the type of resonators used for the sensor 12 may be selected based on a required operating frequency for the sensor 12. For example, the sensor 12 may operate over a broad frequency band such as, for example, 2.2 GHz to 17 GHz. Resonators may be selected for the sensor 12 that facilitate operation over this communication band. To further illustrate, making reference to
Returning to
The sensor 12 may be formed using any number of methods. These methods may include spray painting, rolling printing, and inkjet printing, as shown with reference to
In addition to spray painting, a rolling printing technique may be used to form the sensor 12.
Furthermore, inkjet printing, such as direct inkjet printing, may be used to form the sensor, as shown in
Moreover, in embodiments where moisture levels or pH levels are being measured by the sensor 12, prior to printing the elements of the sensor 12, such as the resonator 32 and/or the resonator 34, the substrate 26 is soaked in moisture and pH sensitive materials such as hydrogel or silica gel prior to subjecting the substrate 26 to the printing processes discussed above.
As noted above, the sensor 12 is activated and powered up when the sensor 12 receives the RE communications 16 from the drone 18. In particular, the receiver 28 receives the RF communications 26 and the sensor 12 is activated. Upon activation, the sensor 12 monitors and then determines a parameter in the soil environment 14 by sensing an attribute shift, such as an impedance shift, a frequency shift, and/or a time domain shift. As an example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, where a moisture level of the soil environment 14 is being monitored, a pulse signal received via the receiver 28 is injected into a resonator of the sensor 12, such as one of the resonators 32 and 34. As noted above, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the resonator, such as one of the resonators 32 and 34, is a multiplexing resonator. In an embodiment, the resonator of the sensor 12, such as one of the resonators 32 and 34, may feed the pulse signal to both a reference line of the resonator and a capacitance line of the resonator. The moisture level in the soil environment may cause the pulse signal to shift in the capacitance line of the resonator relative to the pulse in the reference line. In accordance with an embodiment, the phase shift correlates to a moisture level in the soil environment 14. In particular, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the phase shift may be used to determine an impedance. This data may be transmitted as a sensor signal to the transceiver 30, which transmits the sensor signal to the drone 18. A non-linear load impedance of the transceiver 30 (including the capacitive load of one of the resonators 32 and 34) reflects back the second harmonic of the received signal modulated by the sensor signal to the drone 18 to prevent interference between backscattered and transmitted RF signals in the RF communications 16. The drone 18 extracts the sensing information, i.e., information relating to impedance, from the back-scattered RF signal.
In some embodiments, the impedance determined based on the phase shifts correlates to a moisture level within the soil environment 14, as shown with reference to
Using similar principles, a relative humidity or a pH level of the soil environment 14 may also be determined. As noted above, in embodiments where the sensor 12 is used to measure humidity or pH levels, the substrate 26 is soaked in hydrogel or silica gel. Soil moisture and pH directly influences the dielectric constant and thickness of hydrogel materials, and therefore, moisture and pH in soil can be detected by sensing an impedance shift, a frequency shift, and/or a time domain shift of the resonator 32 and/or the resonator 34, as discussed above. Moreover, using similar principles, the sensor 12 may be mechanical sensors, such as a strain sensor where the sensing element is deformed by an external force and the deformation causes an impedance change.
It should be noted that while resonators are described as the sensing elements for the sensor 12, sensing elements for the sensor 12 may be implemented in other ways. For example, electro chemical ion-selective sensors may be printed on the substrate 26. Furthermore, in accordance with alternative embodiments of the present disclosure, the sensor 12 may include matching networks 35 disposed between the antenna formed by the receiver 28 and the transceiver 30 and the resonator 32 and/or the resonator 34, as shown with reference to
Now making reference to
After the sensor is positioned in the operation 202, the sensor is activated in response to a RF communication signal received from an external device in an operation 204. After activation, the sensor commences monitoring of a desired parameter within the medium in an operation 206. In the example, after the sensor 12 is placed in the soil environment, the sensor 12 may be activated via the RF communications 16 received from an external device, such as the drone 18, in the operation 204. At this point, the sensor 12 may monitor a desired parameter in the soil environment in the operation 206 as discussed above. In this example, the sensor 12 is to be used to determine a moisture level of the soil environment 14. Thus, upon activation by the drone 18, the sensor 12 measures a moisture level of the soil environment 14, as detailed above.
After the sensor monitors the desired parameter in the operation 206, the sensor provides an attribute that relates to measurement data related to the desired parameter in an operation 208. Returning to the example, in the operation 206, the sensor 12 determines a moisture level of the soil environment 14. As discussed above, the sensor 12 may determine the moisture level by sensing an attribute shift, such as an impedance shift, a frequency shift, and/or a time domain shift when a pulse signal from the RF communications 16 is provided to the resonator 32 and/or the resonator 34. This attribute, which may be used to determine the moisture level of the soil environment 14, is sent to the drone 18 via another RE communication signal in the operation 208. The drone 18 then forwards the data to the controller 24 in order to determine if remediation is required, as detailed above. After the sensor 12 sends the data to the drone 18, the method 200 is complete.
In addition to measuring physical parameters, such as moisture and humidity, the sensor 12 may also be used to measure chemical and biological components in the soil environment 14. Moreover, the sensor 12 may be used to measure chemical and biological components for other environments, such as humans and atmospheric air quality. More specifically, molecular imprinting (MIP) technology is used to create a binding site for biological or chemical material, such as glucose, on a conductive polyaniline (PANI) electrode. In this embodiment, the biological or chemical material, such as glucose, is used to bind components in an environment being tested with the PANI electrode, which includes the biological or chemical material. The binding of the biological material on a MIP surface changes the electrical properties of the PANI electrode and the sample by changing a charge carrier density.
Now making reference to
In an operation (C), portions of the testing component 66 are removed to form PANI electrodes 68 within the substrate 26. After removal of the portions of the testing components 66, portions of the testing components 66 may remain within the PANI electrodes 68 such that testing components are molecularly imprinted within the PANI electrodes 68, as more clearly shown with reference to
When a sensor such as the sensor 12 shown with reference to
In either embodiment, as may be seen with reference to
Now making reference to
After the monomer solution is formed in the operation 302, a test sample is added to the monomer solution in an operation 304. Returning to the example, in an embodiment where the test sample 58 is glucose, a template molecule, which may be 50 mg of glucose, is blended with the aniline/HCl solution to create glucose binding sites. In an embodiment, in order to achieve a proper concentration for synthesis, DI water is added until the total volume of the solution becomes 5 ml.
Once the test sample is added to the monomer solution in the operation 304, paper strips are added to the monomer solution in an operation 306. In the example, in an embodiment, paper strips, such as paper strips having the characteristics of the substrate 26 detailed above, are dipped into the monomer solution in order to be soaked with the monomer solution. In an embodiment, the paper strips are dipped in the monomer solution in order to saturate the paper strip. In an embodiment, the paper strips may remain in the solution for at least 10 minutes before the oxidation process begins and may be stirred to ensure continuous saturation.
An operation 308 is then performed where an oxidant solution is prepared. Returning to the example, in accordance with an embodiment, in order to prepare the oxidant solution, 0.609 mL of HCl is added to a 4 mL vial of DI water. Furthermore, 409 mg of ammonium persulfate is added to the oxidant solution. After 10 seconds of stirring, additional DI water is added in order to create a solution volume of 5 mL. In some embodiments, HCl may be used to maintain pH levels and doping levels during the synthesis process.
After the oxidant solution is prepared in the operation 308, a synthesis operation is initiated in an operation 310 and then completed in an operation 312. In the example, once the oxidant solution is prepared, a polyaniline synthesis process is initiated. In the example, the monomer solution is stirred and the oxidant solution is added drop by drop to the monomer solution. In some embodiments, the polyaniline synthesis process may be sensitive to the rate at which the oxidant solution is added. Therefore, in an embodiment, drops of oxidant may be dispensed in 5 second intervals from a pipette until the color of solution changes to a dark blue. In an embodiment, during the synthesis operation, the paper strip remains immersed in the solution. During the synthesis operation, PANI is formed on the paper strip. In order to complete the synthesis process in the operation 312, the paper strips are removed from the solution and washed with DI water to remove excess PANI. During this operation, portions of the PANI structure are removed from the paper strips to form the PANI electrodes 68. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the paper strips are left out to dry for at least 8 hours before usage. At this point, the electrode is complete and ready for integration with the sensor.
After the synthesis process is complete and the PANI electrode is fabricated in the operation 312, the remaining portion of the sensor 12 is fabricated in an operation 314. In the example, the sensor 12 may be formed using a printing operation, such as inkjet printing, where the sensor 12, minus the PANI electrode, is printed onto the substrate 26 with a Fujifilm Dimatix Material Printer 2830 available from Fujifilm, which is headquartered in Minato, Tokyo, Japan in accordance with the settings set forth below with regards to Table 1. In an embodiment, the inkjet printer may use Novacentrix JS ADEV 291 ink available from NovaCentrix, which is headquartered in Austin, Tex. For example, making reference to
After completion of the remaining portions of the sensor 12 in the operation 314, the PANI electrodes are affixed to the sensor 12 in an operation 316. In the example, making reference to
When the PANI electrodes 68 are affixed to the sensor 12, the sensors 12 are cured in order to solidify the connections in an operation 318. For example, in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, the devices may be cured in an oven at 140° C. for one hour.
Now making reference to
In an embodiment, the sensor 12 may be activated in response to the RF communications 16 received from a device 88. In accordance with embodiments of the present disclosure, the device 88 may be a smart phone. However, the device 88 may be any device capable of RF communications, such as a RFID reader, a drone, or any other type of device capable of RF communications 16 with the sensor 12. Once activated, the sensor 12 proceeds to monitor all of the biological and/or chemical components the resonators 82, 84, and 86 are capable of monitoring for, such as glucose, troponin, and creatinine. Afterwards, the results may be sent via the RF communications 16 to the device 88, which shows the results on a display 90. In some embodiments, the display 90 may he a graphical user interface.
Now making reference to
Having described various aspects and features of the inventive subject matter, the following numbered examples are provided as illustrative embodiments:
1. A multiplexing, wireless, battery-less sensor comprising a radio frequency (RF) wireless communication ultra wideband (UWB) antenna configured to receive an RF signal; and a sensing element operatively coupled to the antenna and disposed on a polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate.
2. The sensor of example 1, wherein the RF signal is in a range of 2.2 GHz to 17 GHz.
3. The sensor of example 1, wherein the polymeric, non-cellulosic substrate comprises polyester, polyethylene, polypropylene, or polyvinylidene fluoride.
4. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element comprises at least one of a moisture sensor, a mechanical sensor, a biological sensor, and a chemical sensor.
5. The sensor of example 4, wherein the biological sensor is a bacteria sensor,
6. The sensor of example 4, wherein the chemical sensor is an ion or molecular sensor.
7. The sensor of any one of examples 1-6, wherein the at least one of a moisture sensor, a biological, a mechanical sensor, and a chemical sensor are parallel plates (capacitive or conductive) or interdigitated.
8. The sensor of any one of examples 1-6, wherein the sensing element is operatively coupled to the antenna via a conductive polymer, a conductive ink film, or a wire.
9. The sensor of example 1, wherein the antenna is located on a first portion of the polymeric substrate and the sensing element is spaced from the UWB antenna and located at a second portion of the polymeric substrate.
10. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element is a sensor printed on the polymeric substrate.
11. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element comprises a conductive polymer, a conductive ink, or metal paint.
12. The sensor of example 11, wherein the metal paint comprises silver, gold, carbon or copper particles.
13. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element is a capacitor.
14. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element comprises a resonator.
15. The sensor of example 14, wherein the sensor further comprises a matching network associated with the resonator and the RF wireless communication antenna.
16. The sensor of example 14, wherein the sensing element comprises an additional resonator.
17. The sensor of example 1, wherein the UWB wireless communication antenna includes a receiver and a transceiver.
18. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensor further comprises an additional sensing element, where each of the sensing elements monitors for separate components.
19. The sensor of example 1, wherein the sensing element is a multiplexing sensing element and includes a first sensing element formed by an electrode and a second sensing element formed by a molecularly imprinted structure.
20. A method for detecting changes in at least one of moisture levels, concentration of biological organisms, and levels of chemicals with the sensor of example 1, the method comprising receiving an RF signal by the antenna, wherein the RF signal is transmitted to the sensor, receiving a sensor signal in response to the received RF signal, reflecting a second harmonic of the received signal, modulated by the sensor signal, and extracting sensing information from a back-scattered RF signal.
21. The method of example 20, wherein the RF signal is transmitted to the sensor via a drone, a RF transmitter, or a smart phone.
22. The method of example 20 or example 21, wherein the RF signal is in a range of 2.2 GHz to 17 GHz.
23. The method of any one of examples 20-22, wherein the chemicals comprise ions or molecules.
24. The method of example 23, wherein the molecules or ions comprise nitrogen, H+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ or combinations thereof.
25. The method of any one of examples 20-22 wherein the biological organisms comprise bacteria, biomolecules, or biomarkers such as protein.
26. A method of making the sensor of example 1, the method comprising depositing a conductive ink on a substrate, curing the conductive ink; and connecting the antenna to the cured conductive ink.
Although embodiments have been described with reference to specific example embodiments, it will be evident that various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of the invention. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense. The accompanying drawings that form a part hereof show by way of illustration, and not of limitation, specific embodiments in which the subject matter may be practiced. The embodiments illustrated are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed herein. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. This description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
This application claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/745,681, filed Oct. 15, 2018, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/US2019/056303 | 10/15/2019 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62745681 | Oct 2018 | US |