Patent Application
20140341712
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1. Field of the Invention
The present patent application for industrial invention relates to a low-noise fume extractor hood.
Although specific reference will be made hereinafter to an extractor hood for kitchen, the invention is also extended to an industrial extractor hood.
2. Description of Related Art Including Information Disclosed Under 37 CFR 1.97 and 37 CFR 1.98.
As it is known, an extractor hood comprises a fan disposed in an extractor conduit provided with inlet filter. The fan is driven into rotation by an electric motor in order to extract fumes through the extraction conduit.
Said types of hoods are impaired by the very high noise level, both for the noise generated by motor, fan, and other mechanical moving parts, for the noise generated by the turbulent vortical air flow that is extracted in the conduit of the hood, and for the noise of the air passing through the inlet filter.
In order to solve such a drawback, at least partially, solutions provided with active noise suppression system are known.
Patent application EP 0 596 846 discloses a kitchen extractor hood provided with active noise suppression system. The hood is provided with microphones to detect noise, a loudspeaker generating a sound adapted to suppress noise and a control unit that controls the loudspeaker according to the noise detected by the microphones. The single loudspeaker is disposed with axis of emission substantially horizontal to the axis of conduit of hood, which is substantially vertical.
Patent applications US 2004/194776 and WO2010094718 disclose a hood with noise suppression system that provides for a loudspeaker disposed in central position inside the conduit of the hood. Said position of the loudspeaker results in a series of drawbacks, because of turbulence of the air flow extracted in the conduit of the hood that meets with the central support of the loudspeaker. Consequently, it is necessary to increase the power of motor, so that the flow of extracted air passes beyond the obstacle represented by the loudspeaker. Moreover, the loudspeaker in central position tends to get dirty because of direct contact with fumes extracted by the hood.
In any case, the known active noise suppression systems provide for one loudspeaker only, and do not allow for directivity of the sound signal beam, unless very expensive loudspeakers are used. Instead, according to the position of the hood, it is especially important to direct the sound beam of loudspeakers in a preferential direction with higher noise.
EP 0 671 720 discloses a hood with noise suppression system that can comprise one or more loudspeakers. However, EP 0 671720 illustrates only one loudspeaker with emission surface parallel to axis of conduit of hood.
WO01/6359 discloses a generic active noise reduction system not applied to an air extraction conduit. WO01/6359 teaches that loudspeakers must be generally disposed on a plane, but such a condition is not essential. WO01/6359 contains no teachings about how to dispose loudspeakers in case of air extraction conduit.
EP 0 961 087 discloses a fan provided with active noise suppression system.
Moreover, active noise suppression systems take into account only the noise generated by air extraction and do not consider the noise generated by vibration of walls of conduit housing fan and motor of hood.
The purpose of the present invention is to eliminate the drawbacks of the prior art by devising a low-noise fume extractor hood provided with active noise suppression system that does not obstruct the air extraction flow and at the same time allows for directivity of sound beam.
Another purpose of the present invention is to provide a low-noise extractor hood that is able to suppress also the vibration noise of the parts of the hood conduit.
These purposes are achieved according to the invention, with characteristics claimed in independent claim 1.
Advantageous embodiments appear from the dependent claims.
The fume extractor hood of the invention comprises: a box containing a motor-fan assembly comprising a motor that actuates at least one-fan; and a muffler module disposed under said box of motor-fan assembly.
The muffler module comprises: a bearing frame defining an air extractor conduit with axis; an active noise suppression system comprising at least one electroacoustic transducer and two microphones connected to a control unit; and a passive noise suppression system comprising sound absorbent material disposed between said microphones.
Said muffler module comprises at least two electro-acoustic transducers connected to the walls of said bearing frame, in opposite positions with respect the axis of conduit, in such manner to leave the central part of said conduit free.
Each electro-acoustic transducer has a sound emission surface inclined by an angle higher than 0° with respect to the axis of conduit to generate a sound beam with axis inclined by an angle lower than 90° with respect to axis of conduit.
In such a way, the sound beams coming from said at least two electroacoustic transducers can be combined to obtain a resulting sound beam that can be directed in a preferred direction by means of beam forming algorithms.
Advantageously, the sound emission surface of the loudspeaker is inclined with respect to the axis of conduit by an angle comprised in the range from 40° to 65°.
Additional characteristics of the invention will become clearer from the detailed description below, which refers to merely illustrative, not limiting, embodiments, illustrated in the attached drawings, wherein:
Referring to the aforementioned figures, a low-noise fame extractor hood is disclosed, generally indicated with numeral (1).
The hood (1) comprises a box (2) containing an electric motor (20) that drives into rotation at least one fan (21) to extract fumes ejected from a discharge conduit (22).
For illustration purposes, the hood (1) comprises two fans (21) with horizontal axis of rotation that, by means of centrifugal force, cause extraction of fumes through lateral inlets (23) provided with grilles and discharge of fumes through the discharge conduit (22).
The box (2) of the motor-fan assembly comprises two lateral walls (24) opposite to the inlets (23) of the fans. The lateral walls (24) are made of rigid material, such as plastics or wood, and act as bearing frame. An aesthetic casing (25), generally of metal material, such as galvanized sheet steel, is disposed on lateral walls (24) in such manner to generate a substantially parallelepiped shape.
The parallelepiped structure of the aesthetic casing (25) is provided with upper opening for the discharge conduit (22) and lower opening closed by a partition plate (29) in horizontal position. The partition plate (29) is laterally provided with peripheral grilles (26) for passage of air extracted by the fans.
A box (27) with the electronic components of the hood (1) is disposed above the partition plate (29). Instead, a wedge (28) made of sound absorbent material is disposed under the partition plate (29), in such manner to direct the flow of extracted air towards the peripheral grilles (26) of the partition plate.
At least one inertial actuator/shaker (3) is disposed on the aesthetic casing (25) of the box of the motor-fan assembly. The inertial actuator/shaker (3) is known from patent application WO2011/029768, and therefore a detailed description is omitted. The base of the inertial actuator/shaker (3) is fixed to the sheet metal of the aesthetic casing (25) in order to cause vibration.
Preferably two inertial actuators/shakers (3) are used in diametrally opposite positions, respectively on the front side and back side of the aesthetic casing, in such manner that the axis joining the two shakers (3) is orthogonal to the axis of rotation of motor (20). Preferably, said inertial actuators/shakers (3) are disposed on the external surface of the aesthetic casing (25). In fact, it is to be considered that said inertial actuators/shakers have very small thickness and therefore have no aesthetic impact on the hood.
At least one accelerometer (9) is disposed on the sheet metal (25) next to said inertial actuator/shaker (3). The accelerometer (9) detects the vibrations of sheet metal (25). Shakers similar to the aforementioned ones can be used as accelerometers.
A muffler module (4) is fixed to the lower part of the box (2) of the motor-fan assembly. The muffler module (4) has a parallelepiped bearing frame, substantially similar to the one of the box (2) of the motor-fan assembly, in such manner to define an air extraction conduit (C) with vertical axis (A).
The bearing frame of the muffler module (4) comprises two lateral walls (40), a front wall (41) adapted to be faced towards the user and a back wall (42). Walls (40, 41, 42) are made of rigid material, such as plastics, sheet metal or wood and are externally covered with an aesthetic casing (not shown in the drawings), similar to the sheet casing (25) of the box of the motor-fan assembly.
Referring to
When seen in axial sectional view, the underframe (43) is substantially shaped as a trapezium, and defines a narrowing of the conduit (C) of the muffler module. Referring to
At least one electro-acoustic transducer (5) is mounted on the lower wall (45) of each underframe, in such manner that the magnetic assembly of the electro-acoustic transducer (5) is contained inside the chamber (44) of the underframe. The transducer (5) has a sound emission surface (50) disposed on the lower wall (45) facing the outside of the chamber (44).
Preferably, two electro-acoustic transducers (5) are mounted in each lower wall of the underframes. In view of the above, two opposite linear arrays are defined, each array being formed of two electro-acoustic transducers.
The electro-acoustic transducer (5) is preferably a traditional loudspeaker provided with vibrating membrane with sound emission. However, the electro-acoustic transducer (5) can be a shaker that puts into vibration the lower wall (45) of the underframe in order to generate sound.
Referring to
Angle (θ) can vary from 0° to 90°.
By increasing the angle (θ), the possibility to change the directivity of the sound beam emitted by the loudspeakers (5) is improved, but a higher obstacle to extracted air flow is generated. By decreasing the angle (θ), the possibility to change the directivity of the sound beam decreases until limit case of θ=0°, wherein axis (S) of the sound beam of all loudspeakers is orthogonal to axis (A) of conduit. In such a case it is therefore impossible to generate a sound beam with directivity towards the outside of the conduit.
It is to be considered that loudspeakers have a specific directivity of the sound pressure level (SPL). The SPL is higher along axis (S) of the loudspeaker with respect to the one obtained when moving away from the axis (S) of the loudspeaker. For this reason, after experimental tests, the range of angle (θ) from 0 to 40° was excluded because with such an inclination of the loudspeaker, the sound pressure did not come out properly from the conduit of the hood and noise suppression did not effectively cover the acoustic field of users.
Moreover, it must be considered that the sound emission surface (50) of the loudspeaker is flush with the lower wall (45) of the frame that generates the tapered section (C1) for air inlet in the conduit of the hood. After some experimental tests, the applicant discovered that in the range of angle (θ) from 65° to 90° air impacted on the lower part (45) and on the sound emission surface (50) of loudspeakers, generating excessive capacity losses and a turbulent flow of localized air that is a source of additional noise. Consequently, also the range of angle (θ) from 65° to 90° was excluded.
According to the above considerations, the sound emission surface (50) of loudspeaker must be advantageously inclined with respect to axis (A) of the conduit by an angle (θ) comprised in the range from 40° to 65°.
An angle of approximately 45° (θ) was advantageously chosen because it is the ideal compromise between changing the directivity of the sound beam emitted by loudspeakers and avoiding obstacles for the extracted air flow.
Although the attached figures illustrate an embodiment of the present invention with two underframes (43) fixed to the lateral walls (40) of the bearing frame of the muffler module, two additional underframes can be provided and fixed to the front wall (41) and back wall (42) of the bearing frame of the muffler module, in such manner to mount additional loudspeakers in the lower walls of other underframes.
Moreover, although the attached figures illustrate a muffler module with a parallelepiped frame and rectangular cross-section, the frame can have any shape, such as for example, a pentagonal, hexagonal, circular, elliptical, etc. cross-section.
In particular, if the bearing frame has a cylindrical shape, one underframe (43) can be provided with truncated-conical lower wall (45) with decreasing diameter, cylindrical central wall (46) and truncated-conical upper wall (47) with increasing diameter. In such a case, as shown in
Referring to
Referring to
At least one error microphone (7) is disposed under the loudspeakers (5). The error microphone is adapted to detect a noise cancellation error, in such manner to send an error signal in retraction to correct the noise cancellation made by the loudspeakers (5).
As shown in
Sound absorbent material (49) is disposed on the internal side of the walls (40, 41, 42) of the frame of the muffler module, in such manner to cover the underframes (43) and eventually the electronics box (48). In this way, the channel (C) is surrounded by sound absorbent material (49). In particular, it is important that the sound absorbent material (49) is situated between picking up microphones (6) and error microphones (7).
The picking up microphones (6) detect the noise generated in the conduit (C) of the muffler module (4). Such noise is caused by air extraction in conduit (C), by noise of fan and motor and by vibrations of walls (25) of box with motor-fan assembly. The picking up microphones (6) send an indicative signal of the noise to a control unit (8) composed of a DSP digital signal processor.
The DSP (8) provides for an algorithm for active cancellation of the ANC noise (80) in order to control the loudspeakers (5) that emit anti-noise sound that cancels the noise generated in the hood. The DSP (8) also controls shakers (3) in such manner to make the wall (25) of the box of motor-fan assembly vibrate with vibration opposed to vibration imposed by the motor-fan assembly. Shakers (3) do not emit a sound, but attenuate vibrations on the wall (25) of the box of the motor-fan assembly.
Accelerometers (9) are connected to the DSP (8), therefore the DSP (8) controls shakers (3) in such manner to minimize acceleration of sheet metal (25) detected by accelerometers (9).
Error microphones (7) detect the noise coming out from the muffler module (4), that is the noise that was not suppressed by loudspeakers (5). Therefore, error microphones (7) send an error signal to the DSP (8), which is indicative of the noise that was not suppressed by loudspeakers.
According to the ANC algorithm (80), the DSP uses said error signal to correct the anti-noise sound emitted by the loudspeakers (5) and the attenuation of vibration of sheet metal (25) generated by shakers (3). If accelerometers (9) are provided, the ANC algorithm (80) also processes the signal received from the accelerometers (9) to control the attenuation of vibrations by shakers (3) more accurately.
The fact that the hood of the invention provides at least for two loudspeakers (5) with noise emission surface inclined by an angle (θ) lower than 90° with respect to axis (A) of conduit of the muffler module, allows for implementing a beam forming algorithm to direct the sound beam of the loudspeakers (5) towards a desired direction where noise must be suppressed. In fact, it must be considered that two sound beams generated by two loudspeakers in opposite inclined position, are combined together into a single sound beam that can be directed towards the desired direction, according to the different sound intensity of the two loudspeakers.
In such a case, as shown in
Numerous variations and modifications can be made to the present embodiments of the invention, within the reach of an expert of the field, while still falling into the scope of the invention described in the enclosed claims.
