Patent Grant
10270971
The present embodiments relate to audio/video (A/V) recording and communication devices, including A/V recording and communication doorbell systems. In particular, the present embodiments relate to improvements in the functionality of A/V recording and communication devices that enhance the streaming and storing of video recorded by such devices.
Home safety is a concern for many homeowners and renters. Those seeking to protect or monitor their homes often wish to have video and audio communications with visitors, for example, those visiting an external door or entryway. Audio/Video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell systems provide this functionality, and can also aid in crime detection and prevention. For example, audio and/or video captured by an A/V recording and communication doorbell can be uploaded to the cloud and recorded on a remote server. Subsequent review of the A/V footage can aid law enforcement in capturing perpetrators of home burglaries and other crimes. Further, the presence of an A/V recording and communication doorbell at the entrance to a home acts as a powerful deterrent against would-be burglars.
The various embodiments of the present low-power-consumption audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell have several features, no single one of which is solely responsible for their desirable attributes. Without limiting the scope of the present embodiments as expressed by the claims that follow, their more prominent features now will be discussed briefly. After considering this discussion, and particularly after reading the section entitled “Detailed Description,” one will understand how the features of the present embodiments provide the advantages described herein.
One aspect of the present embodiments includes the realization that in current audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell systems other than the present embodiments, it is difficult if not impossible to connect the A/V recording and communication doorbell to the existing household AC power supply (may also be referred to as AC mains), because the A/V recording and communication doorbell draws an amount of power from the AC power supply that is above the threshold necessary for causing the signaling device to sound. The A/V recording and communication doorbell thus causes frequent inadvertent sounding of the signaling device, which is not only bothersome to the home's occupant(s), but also undermines the usefulness of the doorbell. The present embodiments solve this problem by limiting the power consumption of the A/V recording and communication doorbell to an amount that is below the threshold necessary for causing the signaling device to sound. The present A/V recording and communication doorbell can thus be connected to the existing household AC power supply and the existing signaling device without causing inadvertent sounding of the signaling device.
In a first aspect, a method for an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, the A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a power manager, a battery, an AC/DC rectifier, and a DC/DC converter, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external AC power source through the AC/DC rectifier and the DC/DC converter, the method comprising the power manager drawing power, up to a threshold power, from the AC power source, wherein the threshold power is measured at an output of the DC/DC converter; and when the power drawn from the AC power source reaches the threshold power, the power manager drawing supplemental power from the battery such that the power drawn from the AC power source never exceeds the threshold power as measured at the output of the DC/DC converter.
In an embodiment of the first aspect, the threshold power as measured at the output of the DC/DC converter is about 1.4 A.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a button and an electronic switch, wherein when the button is depressed the electronic switch closes, thereby diverting power from the AC power source away from the power manager.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, when the electronic switch closes power from the AC power source is diverted through a signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, prior to the electronic switch closing, the power drawn from the AC power source flows through the signaling device and a shunt connected in parallel with the signaling device.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, prior to the electronic switch closing the shunt is in a low impedance state.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, when the electronic switch closes the shunt transitions to a high impedance state.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the electronic switch remains closed until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
Another embodiment of the first aspect further comprises the electronic switch opening when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the first aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, the method further comprising the electronic switch opening, the second timer being activated when the electronic switch opens, and the electronic switch being prevented from closing again until after the second timer expires.
Another embodiment of the first aspect further comprises the A/V recording and communication doorbell, in response to the button being depressed, sending an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
Another embodiment of the first aspect further comprises, when the power drawn from the AC power source is below the threshold power, the power manager directing a portion of the power drawn from the AC power source to the battery to charge the battery.
In a second aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, the A/V recording and communication doorbell comprising an A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a power manager, a battery, an AC/DC rectifier, and a DC/DC converter, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external AC power source through the AC/DC rectifier and the DC/DC converter; wherein the power manager is configured to draw power, up to a threshold power, from the AC power source, wherein the threshold power is measured at an output of the DC/DC converter; and when the power drawn from the AC power source reaches the threshold power, the power manager is further configured to draw supplemental power from the battery such that the power drawn from the AC power source never exceeds the threshold power as measured at the output of the DC/DC converter.
In an embodiment of the second aspect, the threshold power as measured at the output of the DC/DC converter is about 1.4 A.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a button and an electronic switch, wherein when the button is depressed the electronic switch is configured to close, thereby diverting power from the AC power source away from the power manager.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the electronic switch closes power from the AC power source is diverted through a signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
Another embodiment of the second aspect further comprises a shunt, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that, prior to the electronic switch closing, the power drawn from the AC power source flows through the signaling device and the shunt connected in parallel with the signaling device.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, prior to the electronic switch closing the shunt is in a low impedance state.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, when the electronic switch closes the shunt transitions to a high impedance state.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the electronic switch remains closed until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the electronic switch is configured to open when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the electronic switch opens the second timer is activated and the electronic switch is prevented from closing again until after the second timer expires.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured to send, in response to the button being depressed, an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
In another embodiment of the second aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the power drawn from the AC power source is below the threshold power, the power manager directs a portion of the power drawn from the AC power source to the battery to charge the battery.
In a third aspect, a method for an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, the A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a button, and an electronic switch, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external power source, the method comprising the A/V recording and communication doorbell drawing power from the power source; the power flowing through a signaling device and a shunt connected in parallel with the signaling device, wherein the shunt is in a low impedance state; and when the button is depressed, the electronic switch closing and the shunt transitioning to a high impedance state, thereby diverting power from the power source through the signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In an embodiment of the third aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the third aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the third aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the electronic switch remains closed until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
Another embodiment of the third aspect further comprises the electronic switch opening when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the third aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, the method further comprising the electronic switch opening, the second timer being activated when the electronic switch opens, and the electronic switch being prevented from closing again until after the second timer expires.
Another embodiment of the third aspect further comprises the A/V recording and communication doorbell, in response to the button being depressed, sending an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
In another embodiment of the third aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further comprises a rechargeable battery.
Another embodiment of the third aspect further comprises, in response to the button being depressed, comparing a power level of the rechargeable battery to a threshold value.
Another embodiment of the third aspect further comprises the electronic switch closing only if the power level of the rechargeable battery is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
In a fourth aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, comprising an A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a button, and an electronic switch, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external power source; wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is configured to draw power from the power source such that the power flows through a signaling device and a shunt connected in parallel with the signaling device, wherein the shunt is in a low impedance state; and when the button is depressed, the electronic switch is configured to close, thereby transitioning the shunt to a high impedance state and diverting power from the power source through the signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In an embodiment of the fourth aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the electronic switch remains closed until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the electronic switch is configured to open when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the electronic switch opens the second timer is activated and the electronic switch is prevented from closing again until after the second timer expires.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured to send, in response to the button being depressed, an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further comprises a rechargeable battery.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured to, in response to the button being depressed, compare a power level of the rechargeable battery to a threshold value.
In another embodiment of the fourth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured to close the electronic switch only if the power level of the rechargeable battery is equal to or greater than the threshold value.
In a fifth aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell is provided, comprising a housing having an enclosure; a camera located at least partially within the enclosure; a speaker located at least partially within the enclosure; a microphone located at least partially within the enclosure; a button located at least partially within the enclosure and protruding outwardly from a front of the enclosure; and a shield located at the front of the enclosure; wherein the shield includes an upper portion that extends along the front of the enclosure above the button and a lower portion that extends along the front of the enclosure below the button; and wherein the camera is located behind the upper portion of the shield.
In an embodiment of the fifth aspect, the upper portion of the shield and the lower portion of the shield are separate pieces.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the upper portion of the shield is transparent or translucent.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the lower portion of the shield is transparent to infrared light, but partially or mostly opaque with respect to light in the visible spectrum.
Another embodiment of the fifth aspect further comprises a shell overlying the enclosure.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the shell includes a recess that is sized and shaped to receive the enclosure in a close fitting engagement, such that outer surfaces of the enclosure abut conforming inner surfaces of the shell.
Another embodiment of the fifth aspect further comprises a back plate secured to a rear of the enclosure, wherein the back plate is sized and shaped such that edges of the back plate extend outward from edges of the enclosure, thereby creating a lip against which the shell abuts when the shell is mated with the enclosure.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the shell includes a central opening in a front surface.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the central opening is sized and shaped to accommodate the shield.
In another embodiment of the fifth aspect, the shield resides within the central opening of the shell such that a front surface of the shield is substantially flush with a front surface of the shell and there is little or no gap between outer edges of the shield and inner edges of the central opening in the shell.
In a sixth aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell is provided, comprising a housing having an enclosure; a camera located at least partially within the enclosure; a speaker located at least partially within the enclosure; a microphone located at least partially within the enclosure; a button located at least partially within the enclosure and protruding outwardly from a front of the enclosure; and a plurality of shells configured to overlie the enclosure; wherein each of the shells includes a recess that is sized and shaped to receive the enclosure in a close fitting engagement, such that outer surfaces of the enclosure abut conforming inner surfaces of each of the shells; and wherein each of the shells is a different color.
Another embodiment of the sixth aspect further comprises a shield located at the front of the enclosure.
In another embodiment of the sixth aspect, each of the shells includes a central opening in a front surface.
In another embodiment of the sixth aspect, the central opening is sized and shaped to accommodate the shield.
In another embodiment of the sixth aspect, the shield is configured to reside within the central opening of each of the shells such that a front surface of the shield is substantially flush with a front surface of each of the shells and there is little or no gap between outer edges of the shield and inner edges of the central opening in each of the shells.
In a seventh aspect, a method for an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system, the A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a button, and a means for diverting power, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external power source is provided, the method comprising: the A/V recording and communication doorbell drawing power from the power source; the power flowing through a signaling device and the power diverting means connected in parallel with the signaling device, wherein the power diverting means is in a low impedance state; and when the button is depressed, the power diverting means transitioning to a high impedance state, thereby diverting power from the power source through the signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In an embodiment of the seventh aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the seventh aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the seventh aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the power diverting means remains in the high impedance state until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the seventh aspect, the method further comprises the power diverting means transitioning to the low impedance state when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the seventh aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, the method further comprising the power diverting means transitioning to the low impedance state, the second timer being activated when the power diverting means transitions to the low impedance state, and the power diverting means being prevented from again transitioning to the high impedance state until after the second timer expires.
In another embodiment of the seventh aspect, the method further comprises the A/V recording and communication doorbell, in response to the button being depressed, sending an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
In an eighth aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, comprising: an A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, a button, and a power diverting means, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external power source; wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is configured to draw power from the power source such that the power flows through a signaling device and the power diverting means in parallel with the signaling device when the power diverting means is in a low impedance state; and when the button is depressed, the power diverting means is configured to transition to a high impedance state thereby diverting power from the power source through the signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In an embodiment of the eighth aspect, the signaling device is electro-mechanical or electronic.
In another embodiment of the eighth aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the eighth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the button is depressed the timer is activated and the power diverting means remains in the high impedance state until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the eighth aspect, the power diverting means is configured to transition to the low impedance state when the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives the notification that the call to the client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the eighth aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured such that when the power diverting means transitions to the low impedance state, the second timer is activated and the power diverting means is prevented from again transitioning to the high impedance state until after the second timer expires.
In another embodiment of the eighth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell is further configured to send, in response to the button being depressed, an alert signal and a video signal to a network device, the video signal including images captured by the camera.
In a ninth aspect, an audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell system is provided, comprising: a power diverting means; and an A/V recording and communication doorbell including a camera, a speaker, a microphone, and a button, wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is connected to an external power source; wherein the A/V recording and communication doorbell is configured to draw power from the power source such that the power flows through a signaling device and the power diverting means in parallel with the signaling device when the power diverting means is in a low impedance state; and when the button is depressed, the power diverting means is configured to transition to a high impedance state, thereby diverting power from the power source through the signaling device to cause the signaling device to emit a sound.
In an embodiment of the ninth aspect, the power diverting means is at least one of external to and internal to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the ninth aspect, the power diverting means includes at least one component external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell and at least one component internal to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the ninth aspect, the signaling device is external to the A/V recording and communication doorbell.
In another embodiment of the ninth aspect, the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a timer, wherein when the button is depressed the timer is configured to be activated and the power diverting means is configured to remain in the high impedance state until the timer expires, unless the A/V recording and communication doorbell receives a notification that a call to a client device has been answered.
In another embodiment of the ninth aspect, the timer is a first timer and the A/V recording and communication doorbell further includes a second timer, and wherein the power diverting means is further configured to transition to the low impedance state, the second timer being activated when the power diverting means transitions to the low impedance state, and the power diverting means being prevented from again transitioning to the high impedance state until after the second timer expires.
The various embodiments of the present low-power-consumption audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell now will be discussed in detail with an emphasis on highlighting the advantageous features. These embodiments depict the novel and non-obvious low-power-consumption A/V recording and communication doorbell shown in the accompanying drawings, which are for illustrative purposes only. These drawings include the following figures, in which like numerals indicate like parts:
The following detailed description describes the present embodiments with reference to the drawings. In the drawings, reference numbers label elements of the present embodiments. These reference numbers are reproduced below in connection with the discussion of the corresponding drawing features.
The embodiments of the present low-power-consumption audio/video (A/V) recording and communication doorbell are described below with reference to the figures. These figures, and their written descriptions, indicate that certain components of the apparatus are formed integrally, and certain other components are formed as separate pieces. Those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that components shown and described herein as being formed integrally may in alternative embodiments be formed as separate pieces. Those of ordinary skill in the art will further appreciate that components shown and described herein as being formed as separate pieces may in alternative embodiments be formed integrally. Further, as used herein the term integral describes a single unitary piece.
With reference to
With further reference to
The network 112 may be any wireless network or any wired network, or a combination thereof, configured to operatively couple the above mentioned modules, devices, and systems as shown in
According to one or more aspects of the present embodiments, when a person (may be referred to interchangeably as “visitor”) arrives at the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 detects the visitor's presence and begins capturing video images within a field of view of the camera 102. The A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 may also capture audio through the microphone 104. The A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 may detect the visitor's presence by detecting motion using the camera 102 and/or a motion sensor, and/or by detecting that the visitor has depressed the button on the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100.
In response to the detection of the visitor, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 sends an alert to the user's client device 114 (
The video images captured by the camera 102 of the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 (and the audio captured by the microphone 104) may be uploaded to the cloud and recorded on the remote storage device 116 (
With further reference to
The backend API 120 illustrated
The backend API 120 illustrated in
At block B202, a communication module of the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 sends a request, via the user's network 110 and the network 112, to a device in the network 112. For example, the network device to which the request is sent may be a server such as the server 118. The server 118 may comprise a computer program and/or a machine that waits for requests from other machines or software (clients) and responds to them. A server typically processes data. One purpose of a server is to share data and/or hardware and/or software resources among clients. This architecture is called the client-server model. The clients may run on the same computer or may connect to the server over a network. Examples of computing servers include database servers, file servers, mail servers, print servers, web servers, game servers, and application servers. The term server may be construed broadly to include any computerized process that shares a resource to one or more client processes.
In response to the request, at block B204 the network device may connect the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 to the user's client device 114 through the user's network 110 and the network 112. At block B206, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 may record available audio and/or video data using the camera 102, the microphone 104, and/or any other sensor available. At block B208, the audio and/or video data is transmitted (streamed) from the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 to the user's client device 114 via the user's network 110 and the network 112. At block B210, the user may receive a notification on his or her client device 114 with a prompt to either accept or deny the call.
At block B212, the process determines whether the user has accepted or denied the call. If the user denies the notification, then the process advances to block B214, where the audio and/or video data is recorded and stored at a cloud server. The session then ends at block B216 and the connection between the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 and the user's client device 114 is terminated. If, however, the user accepts the notification, then at block B218 the user communicates with the visitor through the user's client device 114 while audio and/or video data captured by the camera 102, the microphone 104, and/or other sensors is streamed to the user's client device 114. At the end of the call, the user may terminate the connection between the user's client device 114 and the A/V recording and communication doorbell 100 and the session ends at block B216. In some embodiments, the audio and/or video data may be recorded and stored at a cloud server (block B214) even if the user accepts the notification and communicates with the visitor through the user's client device 114.
Many of today's homes include a wired doorbell system that does not have A/V communication capabilities. Instead, standard wired doorbell systems include a button outside the home next to the front door. The button activates a signaling device (such as a bell or a buzzer) inside the building. Pressing the doorbell button momentarily closes the doorbell circuit, which may be, for example, a single-pole, single-throw (SPST) push button switch. One terminal of the button is wired to a terminal on a transformer. The transformer steps down the 120-volt or 240-volt household AC electrical power to a lower voltage, typically 16 to 24 volts. Another terminal on the transformer is wired to a terminal on the signaling device. Another terminal on the signaling device is wired to the other terminal on the button. A common signaling device includes two flat metal bar resonators, which are struck by plungers operated by two solenoids. The flat bars are tuned to different notes. When the doorbell button is pressed, the first solenoid's plunger strikes one of the bars, and when the button is released, a spring on the plunger pushes the plunger up, causing it to strike the other bar, creating a two-tone sound (“ding-dong”).
Many current A/V recording and communication doorbell systems (other than the present embodiments) are incompatible with existing wired doorbell systems of the type described in the preceding paragraph. One reason for this incompatibility is that the A/V recording and communication doorbell draws an amount of power from the household AC electrical power supply that is above the threshold necessary for causing the signaling device to sound. The A/V recording and communication doorbell thus causes frequent inadvertent sounding of the signaling device, which is not only bothersome to the home's occupant(s), but also undermines the usefulness of the doorbell. The present embodiments solve this problem by limiting the power consumption of the A/V recording and communication doorbell to an amount that is below the threshold necessary for causing the signaling device to sound. Embodiments of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell can thus be connected to the existing household AC power supply and the existing signaling device without causing inadvertent sounding of the signaling device.
Several advantages flow from the ability of the present embodiments to be connected to the existing household AC power supply. For example, the camera of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell can be powered on continuously. In a typical battery-powered A/V recording and communication doorbell, the camera is powered on only part of the time so that the battery does not drain too rapidly. The present embodiments, by contrast, do not rely on a battery as a primary (or sole) power supply, and are thus able to keep the camera powered on continuously. Because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can always be recording, and recorded footage can be continuously stored in a rolling buffer or sliding window. In some embodiments, about 10-15 seconds of recorded footage can be continuously stored in the rolling buffer or sliding window. Also because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can be used for motion detection, thus eliminating any need for a separate motion detection device, such as a passive infrared sensor (PIR). Eliminating the PIR simplifies the design of the A/V recording and communication doorbell and enables the doorbell to be made more compact. Also because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can be used as a light detector for use in controlling the current state of the IR cut filter and turning the IR LED on and off. Using the camera as a light detector eliminates any need for a separate light detector, thereby further simplifying the design of the A/V recording and communication doorbell and enabling the doorbell to be made even more compact.
With further reference to
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The transfer of digital audio between the user and a visitor may be compressed and decompressed using the audio CODEC 153, which is operatively coupled to the processor 160. When the visitor speaks, audio from the visitor is compressed by the audio CODEC 153, digital audio data is sent through the communication module 146 to the network 112 via the user's network 110, routed by the server 118 and delivered to the user's client device 114. When the user speaks, after being transferred through the network 112, the user's network 110, and the communication module 146, the digital audio data is decompressed by the audio CODEC 153 and emitted to the visitor through the speaker 152, which is driven by the speaker driver 151.
With further reference to
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The lower portion 216 of the shield 192 may comprise a material that is substantially transparent to infrared (IR) light, but partially or mostly opaque with respect to light in the visible spectrum. For example, in certain embodiments the lower portion 216 of the shield 192 may comprise a plastic, such as polycarbonate. The lower portion 216 of the shield 192, therefore, does not interfere with transmission of IR light from the IR light source 156, which is located behind the lower portion 216. As described in detail below, the IR light source 156 and the IR cut filter 158, which are both operatively connected to the processor 160, facilitate “night vision” functionality of the camera 154.
The upper portion 214 and/or the lower portion 216 of the shield 192 may abut an underlying cover 220 (
With reference to
With reference to
The LEDs 162 and the light pipe 232 may function as visual indicators for a visitor and/or a user. For example, the LEDs 162 may illuminate upon activation or stay illuminated continuously. In one aspect, the LEDs 162 may change color to indicate that the front button 148 has been pressed. The LEDs 162 may also indicate that the battery 142 needs recharging, or that the battery 142 is currently being charged, or that charging of the battery 142 has been completed. The LEDs 162 may indicate that a connection to the user's network is good, limited, poor, or not connected. The LEDs 162 may be used to guide the user through setup or installation steps using visual cues, potentially coupled with audio cues emitted from the speaker 152.
With further reference to
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The IR LED 242 may be triggered to activate when a low level of ambient light is detected. When activated, IR light emitted from the IR LED 242 illuminates the camera 154's field of view. The camera 154, which may be configured to detect IR light, may then capture the IR light emitted by the IR LED 242 as it reflects off objects within the camera 154's field of view, so that the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 can clearly capture images at night (may be referred to as “night vision”).
With reference to
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At block B282, the process determines whether the power drawn from the external power source 134 has reached the threshold power. In some embodiments, the power manager 140 (
As discussed above, and with reference back to
During normal standby operation, the shunt switch 306 is closed. The shunt 176, therefore, presents a relatively low electrical impedance across the terminals AC1, AC2 of the signaling device 168, because the impedance of the first resistor RShunt 308 is relatively low and the impedance of the switch is even lower, such as about 1 ohm or less in one example. Most of the current drawn by the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130, therefore, flows through the shunt 176, and not through the signaling device 168. When the front button 148 of the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 is pressed, however, the electronic switch 166 closes, causing the voltage from the AC power source 134 to be impressed mostly across the shunt 176 and the signaling device 168 in parallel, while a small amount of voltage, such as about 1V in one example, is impressed across the electronic switch 166, if it is implemented as a triac for example. The circuitry in the shunt 176 senses the voltage across its terminals AC1, AC2, causing the shunt switch 306 to open, which puts the shunt 176 into a high impedance state. When the shunt 176 receives enough AC voltage, the full-wave bridge rectifier 300 provides and outputs enough DC voltage such that the diode 304 biased by resistor 310 Rbias conducts enough current to cause the switch 306 to change to an open or very high impedance state. Thus, the switching action of the shunt 176 makes nearly all available power from the AC power source 134 usable by the signaling device 168, when it is desired. The amount of diverted AC power from the AC power source 134 is above the threshold necessary to cause the signaling device 168 to emit a sound. Pressing the front button 148 of the doorbell 130 therefore causes the signaling device 168 to sound, alerting any person(s) within the structure to which the doorbell 130 is mounted that there is a visitor at the front door (or at another location corresponding to the location of the doorbell 130).
With continued reference to
With reference to
With reference to
At block B356, the process determines whether the power in the battery 142 is above a threshold. This determination helps ensure that the battery 142 does not drain completely while the power manager 140 is drawing supplemental power from the battery 142. If the power in the battery 142 is not above the threshold, then the process returns to block B352. If, however, the power in the battery 142 is above the threshold, then the process moves to block B358. At block B358, the electronic switch 166 closes, thereby causing the shunt 176 to transition to the high impedance state, which in turn causes the power drawn from the external power source to be diverted through the signaling device 168, which in turn causes the signaling device 168 to emit a sound.
Also at block B358, a first timer is activated. The first timer, which may be implemented by the processor 160, for example, enables several advantages. For example, the first timer enhances the compatibility of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 with different types of existing signaling devices 168. Many existing signaling devices are of two types: electro-mechanical and electronic. Electro-mechanical signaling devices typically include a pair of metal tubes (or plates) that are tuned to different notes and act as resonators when struck. A plunger strikes the tubes or plates in quick succession, creating the “ding-dong” sound that is characteristic of many traditional doorbells. Electronic signaling devices, by contrast, typically include an audio speaker that acts as an electro-acoustic transducer. The speaker can in many instances be made to play custom ringtones having different durations.
During initial setup of some embodiments of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130, the duration of the first timer may be set according to the type of signaling device 168 with which it is paired, and the duration of the first timer may be customizable. For example, if the doorbell 130 is paired with an electro-mechanical signaling device 168, then the first timer may be set to a relatively short duration, such as 250 ms. A short duration for the first timer enables the electro-mechanical signaling device 168 to emit the characteristic “ding-dong” sound, because the plunger of the signaling device 168 will strike a first one of the metal tubes (or plates) when the electronic switch 166 closes and strike the second one of the metal tubes (or plates) when the electronic switch 166 opens. If the doorbell 130 is paired with an electro-mechanical signaling device 168, the duration of the first timer may be preset (not customizable by the user). If, however, the doorbell 130 is paired with an electronic signaling device 168, then the first timer may be set to a relatively long duration, such as from 1 second to 10 seconds, and the duration of the first timer may be selectable by the user. For example, if the user's electronic signaling device 168 plays a ringtone having a duration of about 3 seconds, then the user may set the duration of the first timer to be about 3 seconds.
During initial setup of some embodiments of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130, the user may be prompted to indicate what type of signaling device 168 the doorbell 130 is to be paired with. If the user indicates that the signaling device 168 is electro-mechanical, then the process may automatically set the duration of the first timer to a relatively short duration. If, however, the user indicates that the signaling device 168 is electronic, then the process may prompt the user to enter a desired duration for the first timer. In some embodiments, the process may prompt the user that the duration must be within a preset range.
At block B360, the process determines whether the first timer has expired. If the first timer has expired, then the process moves to block B364, which is described below. If, however, the first timer has not expired, then the process moves to block B362. At block B362, the process determines whether a notification has been received that a call to the user's client device has been answered. If no notification has been received that a call to the user's client device has been answered, then the process returns to block B360. If, however, a notification has been received that a call to the user's client device has been answered, then the process moves to block B364. At block B364, the electronic switch 166 opens, and a second timer is activated. The second timer, which may be implemented by the processor 160, for example, prevents a subsequent press of the front button 148 from closing the electronic switch 166, thereby preventing the visitor from repeatedly sounding the signaling device 168 (by rapidly pressing and re-pressing the front button 148). The second timer also allows time for the battery 142 to recharge. The process then moves to block B366. At block B366, the process determines whether the front button 148 has been depressed. If the front button 148 has not been depressed, then the process returns to block B366. If, however, the front button 148 has been depressed, then the process moves to block B368. At block B368, the process determines whether the second timer has expired. If the second timer has not expired, then the process returns to block B366. If, however, the second timer has expired, then the process returns to block B356.
In some embodiments, the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may detect a visitor (by detecting motion) before the visitor presses the front button 148. In such cases, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may initiate a call to the user's client device in a manner similar to that described above with respect to blocks B202-B210 of
Some of the present embodiments provide advantageous motion detection algorithms and techniques. For example, during an initial setup process, or at any time after the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 has been setup, the user may designate one or more zones within the field of view 400 of the camera 154 as motion zones of interest, also referred to as “intrusion zones.” With reference to
After one or more intrusion zones 402 have been designated, embodiments of the present motion detection algorithms and techniques may incorporate those intrusion zones 402. For example, the camera 154, which may be powered on at all times, may continuously monitor motion within the field of view 400. The A/V recording and communication doorbell 130, however, may not begin recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 unless and until a moving object enters one of the intrusion zones 402. The recording and/or streaming may continue until the moving object exits the intrusion zone 402 it earlier entered. Further, if the moving object stops moving, but remains in the intrusion zone 402, the recording and/or streaming may continue while the object remains stationary within the intrusion zone 402. This aspect of the present embodiments creates an advantage over systems that rely on other types of motion sensors, such as passive IR sensors, that typically only detect moving objects, and therefore do not typically record and/or stream stationary objects. The object may, of course, be a person.
Some of the present embodiments may incorporate motion detection algorithms and techniques that vary according to the level of ambient light. Generally, the quality of video recorded during daylight hours is good enough to detect moving objects of interest while correctly filtering out other unnecessary and unwanted moving objects (e.g. tree branches or flags swaying in the wind, sun glare, etc.). At night, however, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 turns on the IR light source 156 to increase the incoming light intensity. However, the light intensity level can be affected by other light sources, such as porchlights, outdoor security lights, streetlights, and headlights of passing cars. These light sources are preferably filtered out in order to reduce false positives (also referred to as false alarms). Thus, to accurately detect moving objects of interest while correctly filtering out other unnecessary and unwanted moving objects, embodiments of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may use different motion detection algorithms during the day versus at night.
For example, as discussed above, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may not begin recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 unless and until a moving object enters one of the intrusion zones 402. During periods of low levels of ambient light, however, such as after nightfall, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may not begin recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 unless and until the moving object that enters one of the intrusion zones 402 is a human. In some of the present embodiments, a process for determining whether a moving object is a human compares characteristics of the motion of the moving object with a dataset. For example, in each frame, the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may detect object regions, extract features from those object regions, and then compare those features with trained features in the dataset. If a comparison score and a confidence level are above a pre-defined threshold, then the algorithm returns a positive output (e.g. human) on the detected object region. Thus, for example, during daylight hours the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may begin recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 as soon as any moving object enters one of the intrusion zones 402, but during nighttime hours the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may begin recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 only if the moving object that entered one of the intrusion zones 402 is a human.
Differentiating between moving humans and moving non-human objects during nighttime hours may help to reduce false positives, because nighttime motion detection can be affected by uneven lighting conditions. For example, at night an A/V recording and communication doorbell may interpret a sudden change in ambient light, such as a porchlight being turned on, as motion. These kinds of false positives are reduced in the present embodiments by limiting recording and/or streaming video to the user's client device 800 to those instances when a detected object in an intrusion zone 402 is a human.
One example embodiment of a technique for determining whether a detected object in an intrusion zone 402 is a human is tracking moving objects by tracking the center of mass of each object, and predicting the trajectory of the object based on the observed motion of the center of mass. In some embodiments, the center of mass for an arbitrary shape of a detected region may be calculated as an average of multiple small centroid regions. With a finite number of small centroids, the total centroid can be calculated as:
The centroid of a finite set of k points x1, x2, . . . xk, in Rn is
C=(x1+x2+ . . . +xk)/k
Tracking moving objects by tracking the center of mass of each object, and predicting the trajectory of the object based on the observed motion of the center of mass, can advantageously reduce false positives. For example, a person moving through the camera 154's field of view 400 typically follows a predictable trajectory. If the person is moving in a first direction at a given instant, the person is likely to be moving in that same direction in the next instant. By contrast, many objects that move within the camera 154's field of view 400 follow very unpredictable trajectories. For example, a tree branch swaying in the breeze follows a somewhat random trajectory that depends upon which way the wind is blowing at any given moment. Thus, by attempting to predict the trajectory of the center of mass of an object moving through the camera 154's field of view 400, and then determining whether the object actually follows the predicted trajectory, the present embodiments can make an educated guess as to whether an object being tracked is an object of interest, such as a person, or another object, such as a tree branch. With this trajectory analysis, embodiments of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 can successfully distinguish objects of interest from false positives by combining the trajectory analysis with detection of other changes in each frame.
Some of the present embodiments provide advantageous night vision algorithms and techniques for determining when to activate night vision mode and when to deactivate night vision mode. When night vision mode is activated, the IR light source 156 may be illuminated (turned on), the IR cut filter 158 may be turned off, and the camera 154 may transition from color mode to grayscale mode. Conversely, when night vision mode is deactivated, the IR light source 156 may be turned off, the IR cut filter 158 may be turned on, and the camera 154 may transition from grayscale mode to color mode.
In one example technique, some embodiments of the present night vision algorithms may measure the average luminance of the pixels and the average standard deviation of the pixels in each frame of video shot by the camera 154. The average luminance and the average standard deviation may then be tracked across frames by keeping a running average of each value. If the running averages of both values fall below a first pair of threshold values, then the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may activate night vision mode. Conversely, if the running averages of both values rise above a second pair of threshold values, then the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may deactivate night vision mode. For example, if the running average of the average luminance (AL) falls below a first threshold value (AL1), and the running average of the average standard deviation (ASD) falls below a first threshold value (ASD1), then the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may activate night vision mode. Conversely, if the running average of the average luminance (AL) rises above a second threshold value (AL2), and the running average of the average standard deviation (ASD) rises above a second threshold value (ASD2), then the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 may deactivate night vision mode. Using separate threshold values for activating night vision mode versus deactivating night vision mode helps to prevent the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 from oscillating between night vision mode and non-night vision mode during periods of fading light, such as dusk, and periods of rising light, such as dawn.
In some embodiments, sudden changes in light conditions may be ignored when tracking the running averages of the average luminance (AL) and the average standard deviation (ASD). For example, when night vision mode is active (e.g. after nightfall), if a porchlight is turned on near the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 the average luminance and the average standard deviation in the pixels will suddenly spike. But, it is still after nightfall and the porchlight may soon be turned off, so it may be advantageous to keep night vision mode active. Some of the present embodiments, therefore, may not factor these sudden changes in the values AL and ASD into the running averages for those values.
In some embodiments, the proximity of the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 to large objects or structures may affect whether night vision mode is activated or deactivated. For example, if the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 is located directly across from a wall of a structure, a large percentage of the IR light generated by the IR light source 156 may be reflected back toward the camera 154. This reflected IR light could cause the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 to deactivate night vision mode even under conditions of low ambient light, because the IR light reflected into the camera 154 increases the average light intensity value. A conventional night vision algorithm based on frame intensity level would cause night vision mode to be deactivates even when the current ambient light level was low. Thus, some of the present embodiments may compensate for this situation by measuring how many pixels in the field of view 400 of the camera 154 are saturated. Then, by comparing the number of saturated pixels to a threshold value, the process can determine whether to maintain the A/V recording and communication doorbell 130 in night vision mode. For example, if night vision mode is active, and the number of saturated pixels is above the threshold value, then night vision mode may remain active even when the values of AL and ASD rise above the second pair of threshold values (AL2, ASD2).
As described above, the present embodiments advantageously limit the power consumption of the A/V recording and communication doorbell to an amount that is below the threshold necessary for causing the signaling device to sound (except when the front button of the doorbell is pressed). The present A/V recording and communication doorbell can thus be connected to the existing household AC power supply and the existing signaling device without causing inadvertent sounding of the signaling device.
Several advantages flow from the ability of the present embodiments to be connected to the existing household AC power supply. For example, the camera of the present A/V recording and communication doorbell can be powered on continuously. In a typical battery-powered A/V recording and communication doorbell, the camera is powered on only part of the time so that the battery does not drain too rapidly. The present embodiments, by contrast, do not rely on a battery as a primary (or sole) power supply, and are thus able to keep the camera powered on continuously. Because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can always be recording, and recorded footage can be continuously stored in a rolling buffer or sliding window. In some embodiments, about 10-15 seconds of recorded footage can be continuously stored in the rolling buffer or sliding window. Also because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can be used for motion detection, thus eliminating any need for a separate motion detection device, such as a passive infrared sensor (PIR). Eliminating the PIR simplifies the design of the A/V recording and communication doorbell and enables the doorbell to be made more compact. Also because the camera is able to be powered on continuously, it can be used as a light detector for use in controlling the current state of the IR cut filter and turning the IR LED on and off. Using the camera as a light detector eliminates any need for a separate light detector, thereby further simplifying the design of the A/V recording and communication doorbell and enabling the doorbell to be made even more compact.
With reference to
The memory 804 may include both operating memory, such as random access memory (RAM), as well as data storage, such as read-only memory (ROM), hard drives, flash memory, or any other suitable memory/storage element. The memory 804 may include removable memory elements, such as a CompactFlash card, a MultiMediaCard (MMC), and/or a Secure Digital (SD) card. In some embodiments, the memory 804 may comprise a combination of magnetic, optical, and/or semiconductor memory, and may include, for example, RAM, ROM, flash drive, and/or a hard disk or drive. The processor 802 and the memory 804 each may be, for example, located entirely within a single device, or may be connected to each other by a communication medium, such as a USB port, a serial port cable, a coaxial cable, an Ethernet-type cable, a telephone line, a radio frequency transceiver, or other similar wireless or wired medium or combination of the foregoing. For example, the processor 802 may be connected to the memory 804 via the dataport 810.
The user interface 806 may include any user interface or presentation elements suitable for a smartphone and/or a portable computing device, such as a keypad, a display screen, a touchscreen, a microphone, and a speaker. The communication module 808 is configured to handle communication links between the client device 800 and other, external devices or receivers, and to route incoming/outgoing data appropriately. For example, inbound data from the dataport 810 may be routed through the communication module 808 before being directed to the processor 802, and outbound data from the processor 802 may be routed through the communication module 808 before being directed to the dataport 810. The communication module 808 may include one or more transceiver modules capable of transmitting and receiving data, and using, for example, one or more protocols and/or technologies, such as GSM, UMTS (3GSM), IS-95 (CDMA one), IS-2000 (CDMA 2000), LTE, FDMA, TDMA, W-CDMA, CDMA, OFDMA, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, or any other protocol and/or technology.
The dataport 810 may be any type of connector used for physically interfacing with a smartphone and/or a portable computing device, such as a mini-USB port or an IPHONE®/IPOD® 30-pin connector or LIGHTNING® connector. In other embodiments, the dataport 810 may include multiple communication channels for simultaneous communication with, for example, other processors, servers, and/or client terminals.
The memory 804 may store instructions for communicating with other systems, such as a computer. The memory 804 may store, for example, a program (e.g., computer program code) adapted to direct the processor 802 in accordance with the present embodiments. The instructions also may include program elements, such as an operating system. While execution of sequences of instructions in the program causes the processor 802 to perform the process steps described herein, hard-wired circuitry may be used in place of, or in combination with, software/firmware instructions for implementation of the processes of the present embodiments. Thus, the present embodiments are not limited to any specific combination of hardware and software.
The computer system 900 may include at least one processor 910, memory 920, at least one storage device 930, and input/output (I/O) devices 940. Some or all of the components 910, 920, 930, 940 may be interconnected via a system bus 950. The processor 910 may be single- or multi-threaded and may have one or more cores. The processor 910 may execute instructions, such as those stored in the memory 920 and/or in the storage device 930. Information may be received and output using one or more I/O devices 940.
The memory 920 may store information, and may be a computer-readable medium, such as volatile or non-volatile memory. The storage device(s) 930 may provide storage for the system 900, and may be a computer-readable medium. In various aspects, the storage device(s) 930 may be a flash memory device, a hard disk device, an optical disk device, a tape device, or any other type of storage device.
The I/O devices 940 may provide input/output operations for the system 900. The I/O devices 940 may include a keyboard, a pointing device, and/or a microphone. The I/O devices 940 may further include a display unit for displaying graphical user interfaces, a speaker, and/or a printer. External data may be stored in one or more accessible external databases 960.
The features of the present embodiments described herein may be implemented in digital electronic circuitry, and/or in computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or in combinations thereof. Features of the present embodiments may be implemented in a computer program product tangibly embodied in an information carrier, such as a machine-readable storage device, and/or in a propagated signal, for execution by a programmable processor. Embodiments of the present method steps may be performed by a programmable processor executing a program of instructions to perform functions of the described implementations by operating on input data and generating output.
The features of the present embodiments described herein may be implemented in one or more computer programs that are executable on a programmable system including at least one programmable processor coupled to receive data and/or instructions from, and to transmit data and/or instructions to, a data storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device. A computer program may include a set of instructions that may be used, directly or indirectly, in a computer to perform a certain activity or bring about a certain result. A computer program may be written in any form of programming language, including compiled or interpreted languages, and it may be deployed in any form, including as a stand-alone program or as a module, component, subroutine, or other unit suitable for use in a computing environment.
Suitable processors for the execution of a program of instructions may include, for example, both general and special purpose processors, and/or the sole processor or one of multiple processors of any kind of computer. Generally, a processor may receive instructions and/or data from a read only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM), or both. Such a computer may include a processor for executing instructions and one or more memories for storing instructions and/or data.
Generally, a computer may also include, or be operatively coupled to communicate with, one or more mass storage devices for storing data files. Such devices include magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and/or removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and/or optical disks. Storage devices suitable for tangibly embodying computer program instructions and/or data may include all forms of non-volatile memory, including for example semiconductor memory devices, such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices, magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and removable disks, magneto-optical disks, and CD-ROM and DVD-ROM disks. The processor and the memory may be supplemented by, or incorporated in, one or more ASICs (application-specific integrated circuits).
To provide for interaction with a user, the features of the present embodiments may be implemented on a computer having a display device, such as an LCD (liquid crystal display) monitor, for displaying information to the user. The computer may further include a keyboard, a pointing device, such as a mouse or a trackball, and/or a touchscreen by which the user may provide input to the computer.
The features of the present embodiments may be implemented in a computer system that includes a back-end component, such as a data server, and/or that includes a middleware component, such as an application server or an Internet server, and/or that includes a front-end component, such as a client computer having a graphical user interface (GUI) and/or an Internet browser, or any combination of these. The components of the system may be connected by any form or medium of digital data communication, such as a communication network. Examples of communication networks may include, for example, a LAN (local area network), a WAN (wide area network), and/or the computers and networks forming the Internet.
The computer system may include clients and servers. A client and server may be remote from each other and interact through a network, such as those described herein. The relationship of client and server may arise by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.
The above description presents the best mode contemplated for carrying out the present embodiments, and of the manner and process of practicing them, in such full, clear, concise, and exact terms as to enable any person skilled in the art to which they pertain to practice these embodiments. The present embodiments are, however, susceptible to modifications and alternate constructions from those discussed above that are fully equivalent. Consequently, the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments disclosed. On the contrary, the present invention covers all modifications and alternate constructions coming within the spirit and scope of the present disclosure. For example, the steps in the processes described herein need not be performed in the same order as they have been presented, and may be performed in any order(s). Further, steps that have been presented as being performed separately may in alternative embodiments be performed concurrently. Likewise, steps that have been presented as being performed concurrently may in alternative embodiments be performed separately.
This application is a continuation of application Ser. No. 15/459,087, filed on Mar. 15, 2017, which claims priority to provisional application Ser. No. 62/308,746, filed on Mar. 15, 2016. The entire contents of the priority applications are hereby incorporated by reference as if fully set forth.
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| 20180035051 A1 | Feb 2018 | US |
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| 62308746 | Mar 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
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| Parent | 15459087 | Mar 2017 | US |
| Child | 15729644 | US |
