The present invention generally relates to the field of wastewater and sewage treatment. More particularly, the present invention generally relates to a low-pressure distribution system for use in passive septic systems. As such, the device is configured to efficiently distribute effluent over the entire surface of a drainage field.
In the field of wastewater treatment, traditional septic systems rely on gravity to move the wastewater throughout the system and into the drain field. However, in cases where the gravity-fed systems may not operate effectively, low-pressure distribution systems have been used as an alternative to eliminate problems such as clogging of the soil from localized overloading or to address the ineffectiveness of traditional septic systems in systems requiring long travel distances or topographical installation sites providing gravitational challenges.
To that end, low-pressure distribution systems rely on pumping systems to pressurize the wastewater in order to achieve a controlled and uniform distribution of the wastewater across the drainage pipes. However, current low-pressure distribution systems limit the effectiveness of microbial water treating bacteria located within the drainage pipe by creating a pressurized flow rate which is not suitable for their growth.
There is therefore a need for a low-pressure distribution system capable of providing the advantages typically reserved to these systems while allowing a suitable growth of microbial water treating bacteria for an effective treatment of the wastewater.
The present invention is directed to a wastewater treatment system comprising a tank, one or more drainage conduits and a low-pressure distribution system, wherein the low-pressure distribution system comprises a pumping system and one or more conduits disposed within the one or more drainage conduits, wherein the pumping system automatically doses pressurized wastewater into the one or more pressure conduits.
In another aspect of the invention, the one or more pressure conduits define a first portion longitudinally extending from an upstream end and a second portion longitudinally extending from a downstream end, and wherein the arrangement of the perforations along the first portion differs from the arrangement of the perforations along the second portion.
The present invention is further directed to a method of treating wastewater within a wastewater treatment system comprising a tank, one or more drainage conduits a pumping system and one or more pressure conduits disposed within the one or more drainage conduits in that the method comprises the steps of receiving the wastewater into a pumping system, pressurizing the wastewater, distributing or automatically dosing the wastewater across a portion of the one or more pressure conduits and releasing the wastewater from the pressure conduits into the drainage conduits along a portion of the one or more pressure conduits. The wastewater is further released from the pressure conduits in a first direction along a first portion of the one or more pressure conduits and in a second direction along a second portion of the one or more pressure conduits
The features of the present invention which are believed to be novel are set forth with particularity in the appended claims.
The above and other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become more readily apparent from the following description, reference being made to the accompanying drawings in which:
A novel low-pressure distribution system and method will be described hereinafter. Although the invention is described in terms of specific illustrative embodiments, it is to be understood that the embodiments described herein are by way of example only and that the scope of the invention is not intended to be limited thereby.
Referring now to
The drainage pipe 110 may be configured to deliver wastewater to the wastewater treatment system 100 from a water consuming environment (such as a residential dwelling, a commercial space, an industrial space, etc.), typically in areas that are not connected to a municipal or urban sewage system such as, but not limited to, rural areas. The wastewater may comprise any water used from domestic, industrial, commercial or agricultural activities or any combination thereof.
Still referring to
Referring now to
The settling process occurring within the underground chamber 124 may further allow separation of oils and grease from the wastewater, such as allowing said oils and grease to rise or float above the other components of the wastewater and to form a layer of scum 128. The scum 128 may further comprise other particles which are less dense than water including, but not limited to, soap scum, hair and paper products such as facial tissues.
In some embodiments, the remaining components of the wastewater which have not settled to the bottom underground chamber 124 to form a part of the layer of sludge 126 or risen to form a part of the layer of scum 128 may form a third intermediate layer of effluent 130, thereby providing a first treatment of the wastewater.
In further embodiments, the septic tank 120 may further comprise one or more access hatches for accessing the underground chamber 124. For example, in the embodiment shown in
Referring now to
Now referring to
In some embodiments, the leach system 220 may be at least partially surrounded by the filtering medium 430. In yet other embodiments, a portion of the filtering medium 430 may be disposed above the leach system 220 and/or another portion of the filtering medium 430 may be disposed underneath the leach system 220.
Now referring to
The drainage conduits 240 may have any cross-sectional shape adapted to accommodate the volume of water to be disposed supplied by the drainage pipe 110 and/or to accommodate the topographic requirements of the installation site. For example, in the present embodiment, the drainage conduits 240 are circular. It may be appreciated that the drainage conduits 240 may have any other cross-sectional shape known in the art.
The drainage conduits 240 may be made of any semi rigid material. Examples of possible construction materials include, but are not limited to, plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene or flexible metal. Other polymers, fibrous material, metal, rubber or rubber-like materials may also be used.
In yet other embodiments, the drainage conduits 240 may have any length or cross-sectional area suitable to accommodate the volume of water to be disposed supplied by the drainage pipe 110 and/or to accommodate the topographic requirements of the installation site. In some embodiments, the drainage conduits 240 may have a cross-sectional area of 175 cm2 to 2,000 cm2.
In some further embodiments, the drainage conduits 240 may be configured in parallel, in series or of combination thereof, such as with some drainage conduits 240 being positioned in parallel and other drainage conduits 240 being positioned in series. When configured in series, the drainage conduits 240 may be interconnected by means of couplers 244 configured to allow a fluid communication between two or more drainage conduits 240. When configured in parallel, the drainage conduits 240 may be interconnected by means of a distribution device 248 configured to distribute the effluent 130 across the two or more interconnected drainage conduits 240.
In yet other embodiments, the drainage conduits 240 may comprise microbes. The microbes may allow an aerobic process to treat the effluent 130 disposed within the drainage conduits 240 by absorbing the organic waste, removing pathogens and breaking down the effluent 130 into soluble by-products. In an embodiment, the drainage conduits 240 are adapted to encourage the development of microbial water treating bacteria responsible for a secondary treatment of the wastewater. In particular, the drainage conduits 240 may be adapted to maintain a controlled flow rate of the effluent 130 suitable for the growth of microbial water treating bacteria and may be geometrically configured to form spaces suitable for the growth of microbial water treating bacteria.
The drainage conduits 240 may further be corrugated to increase the structural flexibility and structural strength of said drainage conduits 240. Understandably, the corrugation of the drainage conduits 240 may further encourage the growth of microbial cultures and may provide a greater surface area for the development of microbial water treating bacteria and increases the contact surface between the microbial water treating bacteria and the effluent 130.
Still referring to
In some embodiments, the leach system 220 may comprise a junction pipe 256 configured to fluidly connect the one or more drainage conduits 240 at their downstream ends 252. To that end, the junction pipe 256 may comprise any shape and length necessary to reach the downstream ends 252 of the drainage conduits 240. In some embodiments, the end caps 254 may comprise an opening configured to allow fluid access to the junction pipe 256.
The leach system 220 may further comprise one or more piezometers 258 configured to measure and indicate the volume of the effluent 130 disposed within the drainage conduits 240. It may be appreciated that a high volume of the effluent 130 within the drainage conduits 240 may represent a malfunctioning of the wastewater treatment system 100. In such embodiment, the leach system 220 comprises a piezometer 258 connected to the junction pipe 256 with a gauge located above the surface 410. The location of the piezometer 258 generally aims at easing inspection by a user, such as a trained individual.
The leach system 220 may additionally comprise one or more vents 260 configured to allow the circulation of air within the drainage conduits 240. The air generally improves the aerobic treatment processes performed by the microbial water treating bacteria. In such an embodiment, the leach system 220 comprises a vent 260 fluidly connected to the junction pipe 256 with an opening located above the finished ground surface 410 allowing access to the outside air or atmosphere.
In a further embodiment and as illustrated in
Still referring to
The effluent 130 released from the leach system 220 may be absorbed by the filtering medium 430 enveloping the leach system 220. In some embodiments, the filtering medium 430 may be adapted to neutralize pollutants disposed within the effluent 130 percolating throughout the filtering medium 430, thereby providing a third treatment of the wastewater. These pollutants may include, but are not limited to, pathogens, nitrogen, phosphorous or any other contaminants. The filtering medium 430 may further comprise sand, organic matter (i.e. peat, sawdust) or any other suitable medium or combination known in the art capable of removing or neutralizing pollutants.
Referring back to
As the treated wastewater exits the filtering medium 430, the treatment of the wastewater performed by the wastewater treatment system 100 is complete. The treated wastewater may disperse into the permeable soil 440 of the drainage field 200. In some embodiments, the permeable soil 440 of the drainage field 200 comprises a porous, unsaturated soil capable of absorbing fluids.
It may be appreciated that the topographical arrangement or soil composition of a particular drainage field 200 may not be suitable for the proper functioning of a wastewater treatment system 100. In particular and as illustrated in
Referring back to
The pumping system 510 may comprise one or more pumping chambers 520 configured as a water-tight container generally made of concrete, fiberglass, plastic or any other suitable material known in the art. The pumping chamber 520 may be either partially or entirely buried underneath a surface 410, such as a finished ground surface.
In further embodiments, the pumping chamber 520 may further comprise one or more supply manifolds (not shown) for accessing the pumping chamber 520. The supply manifold (not shown) may be positioned above the surface 410 or below the surface 410 and accessible with little or no digging. The supply manifold may allow access to the pumping chamber 520 to allow for general maintenance or any other necessary or desired action.
Referring now to
It may be appreciated that the pumping chamber 520 comprises a finite volume for storing the effluent 130 before it is conveyed into the drainage field 200. In some further embodiments, the wastewater treatment system 100 may therefore comprise a means for determining the volume of effluent 130 contained within the pumping chamber 520. Determining the volume of effluent 130 within the pumping chamber 520 may allow the pumping system 510 to appropriately control the operation of the effluent pump 530, thus ensuring that the effluent pump 530 is not engaged without a minimum volume of effluent 130 necessary for the safe operation of the said effluent pump 530. Similarly, determining the volume of effluent may further indicate that the pumping chamber 520 does not contain a volume of effluent 130 which may cause said pumping chamber 520 to flood.
In some embodiments, the pumping system 510 may comprise a system to determine the volume of effluent 130 within the pumping chamber 520. The system for level identification 540 may further be configured to regulate the operation of the effluent pump 530. In such embodiment, the system 540 may regulate the volume of effluent 130 disposed within the pumping chamber 520 based on one or more predetermined levels of effluent 130 within the pumping chamber 520, a predetermined schedule, a combination thereof or any other known pump regulation method. Moreover, the level control 540 may be configured to activate, deactivate or regulate the operating speed of the effluent pump 530. It may be appreciated that the system for level identification 540 may regulate the operation of the effluent pump 530 to allow a dosing of the effluent 130 in accordance to the volume of effluent 130 requiring disposal and the absorption capabilities of the filtering medium 430 or permeable soil 440.
Still referring to
The system for level identification 540 generally comprises a controller 542 connected to or in communication with the one or more volume sensors 545 and with the pumping system 510. In some embodiments, the controller is configured to receive one or more signal from the volume sensor 545, to process the received signal and to control activation and deactivation of the pumping system 510 based on the identified volume of effluent in the pumping chamber 520. Understandably, the controller may be embodied as any type of controller known in the art, such as a computer, an electronic controller or a computerized device.
In some embodiments, the effluent pump 530 is configured to pressurize and discharge the effluent 130 into the drainage conduits 240 in order to provide an improved distribution of the effluent 130 along the length of the drainage conduits 240. In other embodiments however, it may be desirable to discharge the effluent 130 into smaller internal conduits capable of maintaining increased pressure levels further along the length of the drainage conduits 240.
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The pressure conduits 550 may be made of any semi rigid material. Examples of possible construction materials include, but are not limited to, plastics such as polypropylene and polyethylene or flexible metal. Other polymers, fibrous material, metal, rubber or rubber-like materials may also be used.
Referring to
In certain embodiments, the pressure conduits 550 may be disposed along the bottom of the drainage conduits 240 and resting on the inner surfaces of the drainage conduits 240. In other embodiments, the pressure conduits 550 may be suspended or supported by support structures (not shown) such that they are partially or entirely disjoined from the drainage conduits 240. In yet other embodiments, the pressure conduits 550 may be affixed at any position along the inner circumference of the drainage pipes 240 using cables, straps, tie wraps or any other known means of attaching a pipe to a surface.
In certain embodiments, the pressure conduits 550 may comprise pipes which are perforated 570 and are adapted to allow a release of the effluent 130 outside of the pressure conduits 550 but within the drainage conduits 240. In a preferred embodiment, the size of the perforations 570, the number of perforations 570 and the distribution of perforations 570 are determined based on the conditions of operation. As an example, the characteristics of the perforations may be determined to ensure a steady release of the effluent 130, to ensure an even distribution of the effluent 130 along a substantial length of the drainage conduits 240 in response to the volume of water to be disposed by the wastewater treatment system 100. It may be appreciated that a high number of perforations or perforations having large apertures may cause an undesirable amount of the effluent 130 to be released early on in the pressure conduits 550 as defined by the stream direction 250. Having too many perforation apertures or having large apertures may limit the longitudinal distribution of the effluent 130 to a first section of the drainage conduits 240. Similarly, a number of perforations 570 being too low or perforations 570 having small apertures may prevent a sufficient volume of the effluent 130 to be released from the pressure conduits 550. In some embodiments, having an insufficient release of effluent 130 may cause an undesirable accumulation of the effluent 130 in the pressure conduits 550 or flooding of the pressure conduits 550 and the pumping chamber 520. The perforations 570 may be disposed along the circumference of pressure conduits 550 in any suitable position including the top, the bottom, the sides, at an angle, any combination thereof or in any other configuration known in the art.
In certain embodiments, one or more pressure conduits 550 may define two or more portions wherein each portion comprises a different arrangement of the perforations 570. In the example embodiment illustrated in
In further embodiments, the arrangement of the perforations 570 on the pressure conduits 550 may vary along the stream direction 250. For example, the perforations 570 may be disposed in a first manner along the first portion 560 and in a second manner along the second portion 562. Referring to
Disposed in this manner, the perforations 570 along the first portion 560 of the pressure conduits 550 may allow for an upwards dispersal of the effluent 130 and effective dispersal of the effluent 130 across the inner surfaces of the drainage conduits 240 due to the pressure in the first portion 560 of the pressure conduits 550. It may be appreciated that a broader dispersal of the effluent 130 across a greater surface area may encourage an increased development of microbial water treating bacteria and treatment of the effluent 130.
Due to the lower pressure within the second portion 562 of the pressure conduits 550, the perforations 570 may be disposed on the bottom of the pressure conduits 550 along the second portion 562. Disposed in this manner, the perforations 570 along the second portion 562 may ensure a release of the effluent 130 from the pressure conduits 550 and into the drainage conduits 240 despite the lower pressure levels contained therein. In a preferred embodiment, the perforations 570 may have a cross-sectional area of about 1 mm2 to 25 mm2
In some embodiments, the pressure conduits 550 may further comprise one or more layers of porous or filtering membranes 580, such as fabric membranes, adapted to wrap the pressure conduits 550 and to facilitate the leaching of the effluent 130 into the drainage conduit 240. The membranes 580 may comprise any suitable synthetic media for the leaching of fluids. The membranes 580 may further facilitate the fixation of microbial water treating bacteria supporting treatment of the effluent 130. The membranes 580 may further support a longitudinal distribution of the effluent 130 along the outer surfaces of the pressure conduits 550.
In such embodiment, the presence of the pressure conduits 550 within the drainage conduits 240 may increase the allowable surface area for the growth of microbial water treating bacteria and increases the contact surface between the microbial water treating bacteria and the effluent 130.
In another embodiment, the pressure of the effluent 130 within the pressure conduits 550 may be high enough to project the effluent 130 in the form of a stream of fluid or jet as the effluent passes through the perforations 570 and into the drainage conduits 240. In some embodiments, the pressure of the effluent 130 within the pressure conduits 550 expressed in total dynamic head may be between 1 and 3 meters. The stream of fluid may be projected in a radial direction away from the pressure conduits 550. In yet another embodiment, the effluent 130 projected in the form of a stream of fluid may dissipate into droplets before impacting the inner walls 242 of the drainage conduits 240. It may be appreciated that projecting the effluent 130 in the form of a stream of fluid and further dissipating the effluent 130 into droplets may ensure a greater distribution of the effluent 130 across the inner walls 242 of the drainage conduits 240. As such, the low-pressure distribution may therefore increase the aerobic processing of the effluent 130 by allowing a larger number of microbial water treating bacteria to treat the effluent 130, thereby improving the secondary treatment of the effluent 130.
In some embodiments, the low-pressure distribution system 500 may further comprise a pressurized cleansing system 590 configured to allow a cleansing of the low-pressure distribution system 500. To that end, the pressurized cleansing system 590 may allow a user to introduce pressurized fluid into the low-pressure distribution system 500 in the event that a pressure conduit 550 becomes clogged or as part of general maintenance. In certain embodiments, the pressurized cleansing system 590 may comprise an inlet 592 allowing pressurized fluid to be introduced into the low-pressure distribution system 500. The inlet 592 may comprise a valve for attaching a pressurized hose or any other pressurized fluid attachment system known in the art. The pressurized cleansing system 590 may further comprise a release valve 594 configured to release pressurized fluid from the low-pressure distribution system such as to avoid a flooding of the drainage field 200. In certain embodiments, the release valve 594 may be located above the surface 410 and in fluid communication with a fluid collection device (not shown) configured to collect the pressurized fluid. The release valve 594 may be manually operated or automatically opened upon detection of a predetermined pressure level within the low-pressure distribution system 500.
While illustrative and presently preferred embodiments of the invention have been described in detail hereinabove, it is to be understood that the inventive concepts may be otherwise variously embodied and employed and that the appended claims are intended to be construed to include such variations except insofar as limited by the prior art.
The present patent application claims the benefits of priority of U.S. Patent Application No. 62/861,074, entitled “LOW-PRESSURE DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM” and filed at the United States Patent and Trademark Office on Jun. 13, 2019, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
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PCT/CA2020/050597 | 5/5/2020 | WO | 00 |
Number | Date | Country | |
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62861074 | Jun 2019 | US |