Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6382921
-
Patent Number
6,382,921
-
Date Filed
Tuesday, January 30, 200123 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, May 7, 200222 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
- Look; Edward K.
- Nguyen; Ninh
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 416 242
- 416 243
- 416 DIG 2
- 416 DIG 5
- 416 223 R
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
Airfoils 10 having high lift to drag characteristics at low Reynolds number are disclosed. The airfoils including a leading edge 12, a trailing edge 14 spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface 16 extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface 18 extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge. An airfoil designed for a tip region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 120,000 to 400,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.0 to 1.2. An airfoil designed for a midspan region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 90,000 to 200,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.4 to 1.6. An airfoil designed for a root region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 5% to 15%, a Reynolds number in a range from 60,000 to 120,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.8 to 2.0.
Description
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention generally relates to axial flow fans for use in cooling systems. The invention relates particularly to airfoils having low Reynolds number, low drag and high lift.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
An axial flow fan may be used to produce a flow of cooling air through the heat exchanger components of a vehicle. For example, an airflow generator used in an automotive cooling application may include an axial flow fan for moving cooling air through a liquid-to-air heat exchanger such as an engine radiator, condenser, intercooler, or combination thereof. The required flow rate of air through the fan and change in pressure across the fan vary depending upon the particular cooling application.
To provide adequate cooling, a fan should have performance characteristics which meet the flow rate and pressure rise requirements of the particular automotive application. For example, some applications impose low flow rate and high pressure rise while other applications impose high flow rate and low pressure rise requirements. The fan must also meet the dimensional constraints imposed by the automotive engine environment.
Accordingly, there is a need to provide fans having improved airfoils in the root region (approximately 90,000 Re), the midspan region (approximately 130,000 Re) and the tip region (approximately 200,000 Re) so as to have high lift to drag characteristics.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An object of the invention is to fulfill the need referred to above. In accordance with the principles of the present invention, this objective is achieved by providing airfoils that include a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge. An airfoil designed for a tip region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 120,000 to 400,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.0 to 1.2. An airfoil designed for a midspan region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 90,000 to 200,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.4 to 1.6. An airfoil designed for a root region of a blade has a thickness in a range of 5% to 15%, a Reynolds number in a range from 60,000 to 120,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.8 to 2.0.
Other objects, features and characteristics of the present invention, as well as the methods of operation and the functions of the related elements of the structure, the combination of parts and economics of manufacture will become more apparent upon consideration of the following detailed description and appended claims with reference to the accompanying drawings, all of which form a part of this specification.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention will be better understood from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments thereof, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals refer to like parts, in which:
FIG. 1
is a profile of a tip region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2
is a profile of a midspan region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3
is a profile of a root region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 4
is a profile of a tip region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5
is a profile of a midspan region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6
is a profile of a root region airfoil provided in accordance with the principles of a second embodiment of the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The present invention relates to airfoils, or blades of a fan structure. The airfoils disclosed herein are particularly useful for engine cooling axial fan applications. The present invention discloses airfoils for the root region, the midspan region and the tip region of the blade. With reference to
FIG. 1-6
, each airfoil has a leading edge
12
, a trailing edge
14
spaced from the leading edge
12
, an upper surface
16
extending from the leading edge
12
to the trailing edge
14
, and a lower surface
18
extending from the leading edge
12
to the trailing edge
14
.
In accordance with a first embodiment of the invention, airfoils designed for a tip region, midspan region, and root region, each having a rounded trailing edge, are shown respectively in
FIG. 1
,
FIG. 2
, and FIG.
3
. The specific shape of the airfoil
10
of
FIG. 1
for the tip region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The airfoil
10
shown in
FIG. 1
has a thickness of 5%, however, the thickness can be in the range of 3% to 13% without substantially changing the lift and drag characteristics of the airfoil
10
. To reduce airfoil noise, the upper limit of the thickness range may be reduced to 7%. As defined herein, the thickness is the airfoil depth perpendicular to the camber line divided by the chord line length. The Reynolds Number is in a range of 120,000 to 400,000, with the target being 200,000 Re. The airfoil
10
has a maximum lift coefficient in a range of 1.0 to 1.2 and the lift to drag ratio has minimum sensitivity to changes in incidence angle. The trailing edge radius is about 2% of the chord length of the airfoil.
In the table below, the x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
10
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
0.98560
0.01113
|
0.97465
0.01222
|
0.96079
0.01363
|
0.94410
0.01532
|
0.92470
0.01729
|
0.90274
0.01952
|
0.87839
0.02197
|
0.85182
0.02460
|
0.82322
0.02739
|
0.79281
0.03027
|
0.76077
0.03316
|
0.72728
0.03601
|
0.69256
0.03879
|
0.65681
0.04145
|
0.62023
0.04394
|
0.58307
0.04622
|
0.54553
0.04824
|
0.50781
0.04998
|
0.47015
0.05138
|
0.43274
0.05243
|
0.39580
0.05311
|
0.35953
0.05337
|
0.32411
0.05322
|
0.28974
0.05267
|
0.25663
0.05170
|
0.22495
0.05031
|
0.19486
0.04851
|
0.16654
0.04629
|
0.14011
0.04368
|
0.11570
0.04068
|
0.09344
0.03733
|
0.07342
0.03365
|
0.05573
0.02969
|
0.04044
0.02550
|
0.02764
0.02110
|
0.01735
0.01654
|
0.00953
0.01187
|
0.00407
0.00719
|
0.00096
0.00271
|
0.00015
−0.00107
|
0.00222
−0.00410
|
0.00740
−0.00674
|
0.01526
−0.00881
|
0.02593
−0.01018
|
0.03951
−0.01086
|
0.05599
−0.01088
|
0.07536
−0.01027
|
0.09756
−0.00908
|
0.12255
−0.00735
|
0.15023
−0.00520
|
0.18047
−0.00270
|
0.21312
0.00002
|
0.24797
0.00287
|
0.28481
0.00576
|
0.32342
0.00859
|
0.36356
0.01126
|
0.40494
0.01364
|
0.44728
0.01562
|
0.49023
0.01706
|
0.53334
0.01788
|
0.57624
0.01815
|
0.61864
0.01785
|
0.66017
0.01684
|
0.70030
0.01516
|
0.73862
0.01310
|
0.77494
0.01082
|
0.80907
0.00842
|
0.84084
0.00598
|
0.87008
0.00358
|
0.89664
0.00127
|
0.92041
−0.00092
|
0.94125
−0.00294
|
0.95907
−0.00477
|
0.97377
−0.00640
|
0.98525
−0.00780
|
0.98919
−0.00834
|
0.99074
−0.00842
|
0.99233
−0.00824
|
0.99389
−0.00779
|
0.99536
−0.00707
|
0.99667
−0.00613
|
0.99777
−0.00502
|
0.99866
−0.00376
|
0.99936
−0.00233
|
0.99981
−0.00078
|
1.00000
0.00085
|
0.99990
0.00246
|
0.99955
0.00401
|
0.99896
0.00543
|
0.99814
0.00677
|
0.99707
0.00798
|
0.99580
0.00901
|
0.99438
0.00980
|
0.99287
0.01033
|
0.99134
0.01060
|
|
The specific shape of the airfoil
20
of
FIG. 2
for the midspan region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The airfoil
20
shown in
FIG. 2
has a thickness of 8%, however, the thickness can be in the range of 3% to 13% without substantially changing the lift and drag characteristics of the airfoil
20
. To ease manufacturing, the lower limit of the thickness range can be 6%, and to reduce airfoil noise, the upper limit of the thickness range can be 10%. The Reynolds number is in the range of 90,000 to 200,000 with the target being 130,000 Re. The airfoil
20
has a maximum lift coefficient of 1.4 to 1.6 and the lift to drag ratio has minimum sensitivity to changes in incidence angle. The trailing edge radius is about 2% of the chord length of the airfoil
20
.
The x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
20
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
0.98567
0.01360
|
0.97524
0.01627
|
0.96212
0.01928
|
0.94626
0.02259
|
0.92775
0.02621
|
0.90673
0.03012
|
0.88335
0.03427
|
0.85778
0.03860
|
0.83020
0.04305
|
0.80079
0.04757
|
0.76977
0.05207
|
0.73731
0.05647
|
0.70359
0.06070
|
0.66879
0.06471
|
0.63315
0.06846
|
0.59686
0.07190
|
0.56016
0.07497
|
0.52324
0.07760
|
0.48630
0.07977
|
0.44957
0.08141
|
0.41322
0.08248
|
0.37747
0.08299
|
0.34249
0.08289
|
0.30844
0.08216
|
0.27554
0.08082
|
0.24395
0.07886
|
0.21381
0.07627
|
0.18528
0.07306
|
0.15848
0.06924
|
0.13354
0.06485
|
0.11053
0.05993
|
0.08957
0.05451
|
0.07073
0.04866
|
0.05407
0.04246
|
0.03961
0.03595
|
0.02739
0.02925
|
0.01741
0.02250
|
0.00969
0.01586
|
0.00422
0.00950
|
0.00105
0.00362
|
0.00015
−0.00137
|
0.00220
−0.00521
|
0.00757
−0.00829
|
0.01583
−0.01075
|
0.02701
−0.01243
|
0.04119
−0.01337
|
0.05836
−0.01360
|
0.07848
−0.01315
|
0.10146
−0.01208
|
0.12726
−0.01045
|
0.15578
−0.00836
|
0.18685
−0.00593
|
0.22029
−0.00326
|
0.25589
−0.00044
|
0.29343
0.00243
|
0.33265
0.00525
|
0.37330
0.00793
|
0.41507
0.01036
|
0.45766
0.01244
|
0.50070
0.01404
|
0.54375
0.01513
|
0.58642
0.01580
|
0.62839
0.01610
|
0.66941
0.01614
|
0.70929
0.01592
|
0.74780
0.01534
|
0.78463
0.01436
|
0.81948
0.01296
|
0.85199
0.01117
|
0.88194
0.00900
|
0.90904
0.00651
|
0.93305
0.00375
|
0.95372
0.00080
|
0.97080
−0.00230
|
0.98394
−0.00532
|
0.98815
−0.00647
|
0.98963
−0.00675
|
0.99119
−0.00679
|
0.99275
−0.00656
|
0.99426
−0.00607
|
0.99565
−0.00534
|
0.99687
−0.00442
|
0.99790
−0.00334
|
0.99878
−0.00206
|
0.99944
−0.00063
|
0.99985
0.00090
|
1.00000
0.00247
|
0.99989
0.00401
|
0.99954
0.00547
|
0.99895
0.00688
|
0.99812
0.00821
|
0.99706
0.00939
|
0.99582
0.01038
|
0.99446
0.01113
|
0.99304
0.01164
|
|
The specific shape of the airfoil
30
of
FIG. 3
for the root region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The airfoil
30
shown in
FIG. 3
has a thickness of 10%, however, the thickness can be in the range of range of 5% to 15% without substantially changing the lift and drag characteristics of the airfoil
30
. To ease manufacturing, the lower limit of the thickness range can be 8%, and to reduce airfoil noise, the upper limit of the thickness range can be 12%. The Reynolds Number is in the range of 60,000 to 12 0,000 with a target being 90,000 Re. The airfoil
30
has a maximum lift coefficient of 1.8 to 2.0 and the lift to drag ratio has minimum sensitivity to changes in incidence angle. The trailing edge radius is about 2% of the chord length of the airfoil.
The x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
30
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
0.99415
0.01353
|
0.98788
0.01756
|
0.97969
0.02207
|
0.96907
0.02665
|
0.95576
0.03142
|
0.93985
0.03641
|
0.92142
0.04159
|
0.90058
0.04690
|
0.87743
0.05231
|
0.85211
0.05776
|
0.82477
0.06321
|
0.79558
0.06861
|
0.76470
0.07392
|
0.73234
0.07909
|
0.69869
0.08406
|
0.66396
0.08880
|
0.62837
0.09326
|
0.59213
0.09740
|
0.55547
0.10117
|
0.51864
0.10455
|
0.48188
0.10748
|
0.44546
0.10991
|
0.40961
0.11177
|
0.37458
0.11295
|
0.34054
0.11336
|
0.30767
0.11290
|
0.27611
0.11152
|
0.24597
0.10900
|
0.21714
0.10535
|
0.18961
0.10079
|
0.16357
0.09546
|
0.13914
0.08940
|
0.11643
0.08269
|
0.09551
0.07548
|
0.07650
0.06782
|
0.05948
0.05982
|
0.04452
0.05161
|
0.03170
0.04328
|
0.02109
0.03499
|
0.01282
0.02674
|
0.00674
0.0l853
|
0.00265
0.01065
|
0.00051
0.00345
|
0.00032
−0.00269
|
0.00205
−0.00679
|
0.00710
−0.00870
|
0.01642
−0.00937
|
0.02934
−0.00928
|
0.04569
−0.00854
|
0.06530
−0.00726
|
0.08801
−0.00554
|
0.11362
−0.00343
|
0.14190
−0.00100
|
0.17262
0.00174
|
0.20552
0.00480
|
0.24040
0.00838
|
0.27731
0.01251
|
0.31626
0.01692
|
0.35699
0.02140
|
0.39925
0.02579
|
0.44274
0.02992
|
0.48715
0.03362
|
0.53213
0.03676
|
0.57732
0.03921
|
0.62232
0.04083
|
0.66672
0.04154
|
0.71010
0.04126
|
0.75203
0.03996
|
0.79206
0.03761
|
0.82976
0.03426
|
0.86470
0.02997
|
0.89646
0.02484
|
0.92465
0.01901
|
0.94891
0.01264
|
0.96871
0.00587
|
0.98340
−0.00065
|
0.98715
−0.00266
|
0.98835
−0.00319
|
0.98968
−0.00355
|
0.99111
−0.00369
|
0.99258
−0.00359
|
0.99402
−0.00325
|
0.99538
−0.00266
|
0.99660
−0.00188
|
0.99764
−0.00093
|
0.99848
0.00012
|
0.99913
0.00125
|
0.99962
0.00250
|
0.99992
0.00388
|
0.99999
0.00533
|
0.99982
0.00680
|
0.99940
0.00822
|
0.99875
0.00954
|
0.99791
0.01070
|
0.99694
0.01168
|
0.99587
0.01245
|
|
In accordance with a second embodiment of the invention, airfoils designed for a tip region, a midspan region, and a root region are similar to that of the first embodiment (having the respective characteristics presented above), but each airfoil has a generally blunt trailing edge
14
, as shown respectively in
FIG. 4
,
FIG. 5
, and FIG.
6
.
The specific shape of the airfoil
40
of
FIG. 4
for the tip region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
40
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
1.00000
0.01000
|
0.99841
0.01088
|
0.99415
0.01353
|
0.98788
0.01756
|
0.97969
0.02207
|
0.96907
0.02665
|
0.95576
0.03142
|
0.93985
0.03641
|
0.92142
0.04159
|
0.90058
0.04690
|
0.87743
0.05231
|
0.85211
0.05776
|
0.82477
0.06321
|
0.79558
0.06861
|
0.76470
0.07392
|
0.73234
0.07909
|
0.69869
0.08406
|
0.66396
0.08880
|
0.62837
0.09326
|
0.59213
0.09740
|
0.55547
0.10117
|
0.51864
0.10455
|
0.48188
0.10748
|
0.44546
0.10991
|
0.40961
0.11177
|
0.37458
0.11295
|
0.34054
0.11336
|
0.30767
0.11290
|
0.27611
0.11152
|
0.24597
0.10900
|
0.21714
0.10535
|
0.18961
0.10079
|
0.16357
0.09546
|
0.13914
0.08940
|
0.11643
0.08269
|
0.09551
0.07548
|
0.07650
0.06782
|
0.05948
0.05982
|
0.04452
0.05161
|
0.03170
0.04328
|
0.02109
0.03499
|
0.01282
0.02674
|
0.00674
0.01853
|
0.00265
0.01065
|
0.00051
0.00345
|
0.00032
−0.00269
|
0.00205
−0.00679
|
0.00710
−0.00870
|
0.01642
−0.00937
|
0.02934
−0.00928
|
0.04569
−0.00854
|
0.06530
−0.00726
|
0.08801
−0.00554
|
0.11362
−0.00343
|
0.14190
−0.00100
|
0.17262
0.00174
|
0.20552
0.00480
|
0.24040
0.00838
|
0.27731
0.01251
|
0.31626
0.01692
|
0.35699
0.02140
|
0.39925
0.02579
|
0.44274
0.02992
|
0.48715
0.03362
|
0.53213
0.03676
|
0.57732
0.03921
|
0.62232
0.04083
|
0.66672
0.04154
|
0.71010
0.04126
|
0.75203
0.03996
|
0.79206
0.03761
|
0.82976
0.03426
|
0.86470
0.02997
|
0.89646
0.02484
|
0.92465
0.01901
|
0.94891
0.01264
|
0.96871
0.00587
|
0.98340
−0.00065
|
0.99300
−0.00579
|
0.99832
−0.00895
|
1.00000
−0.00999
|
|
The specific shape of the airfoil
50
of
FIG. 5
for the midspan region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
50
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
1.00000
0.01000
|
0.99831
0.01036
|
0.99343
0.01153
|
0.98567
0.01360
|
0.97524
0.01627
|
0.96212
0.01928
|
0.94626
0.02259
|
0.92775
0.02621
|
0.90673
0.03012
|
0.88335
0.03427
|
0.85778
0.03860
|
0.83020
0.04305
|
0.80079
0.04757
|
0.76977
0.05207
|
0.73731
0.05647
|
0.70359
0.06070
|
0.66879
0.06471
|
0.63315
0.06846
|
0.59686
0.07190
|
0.56016
0.07497
|
0.52324
0.07760
|
0.48630
0.07977
|
0.44957
0.08141
|
0.41322
0.08248
|
0.37747
0.08299
|
0.34249
0.08289
|
0.30844
0.08216
|
0.27554
0.08082
|
0.24395
0.07886
|
0.21381
0.07627
|
0.18528
0.07306
|
0.15848
0.06924
|
0.13354
0.06485
|
0.11053
0.05993
|
0.08957
0.05451
|
0.07073
0.04866
|
0.05407
0.04246
|
0.03961
0.03595
|
0.02739
0.02925
|
0.01741
0.02250
|
0.00969
0.01586
|
0.00422
0.00950
|
0.00105
0.00362
|
0.00015
−0.00137
|
0.00220
−0.00521
|
0.00757
−0.00829
|
0.01583
−0.01075
|
0.02701
−0.01243
|
0.04119
−0.01337
|
0.05836
−0.01360
|
0.07848
−0.01315
|
0.10146
−0.01208
|
0.12726
−0.01045
|
0.15578
−0.00836
|
0.18685
−0.00593
|
0.22029
−0.00326
|
0.25589
−0.00044
|
0.29343
0.00243
|
0.33265
0.00525
|
0.37330
0.00793
|
0.41507
0.01036
|
0.45766
0.01244
|
0.50070
0.01404
|
0.54375
0.01513
|
0.58642
0.01580
|
0.62839
0.01610
|
0.66941
0.01614
|
0.70929
0.01592
|
0.74780
0.01534
|
0.78463
0.01436
|
0.81946
0.01296
|
0.85199
0.01117
|
0.88194
0.00900
|
0.90904
0.00651
|
0.93305
0.00375
|
0.95372
0.00080
|
0.97080
−0.00230
|
0.98394
−0.00532
|
0.99302
−0.00781
|
0.99829
−0.00944
|
1.00000
−0.01000
|
|
The specific shape of the airfoil
60
of
FIG. 6
for the root region design is provided in the following table of coordinates. The x/c values are x coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The y/c values are y coordinates made non-dimensional by chord length, c. The data corresponds to points defining a continuous outline from the trailing edge
14
towards the leading edge
12
, starting with the upper surface
16
of the airfoil
60
.
|
x/c
y/c
|
|
|
1.00000
0.01000
|
0.99837
0.01007
|
0.99354
0.01040
|
0.98560
0.01113
|
0.97465
0.01222
|
0.96079
0.01363
|
0.94410
0.01532
|
0.92470
0.01729
|
0.90274
0.01952
|
0.87839
0.02197
|
0.85182
0.02460
|
0.82322
0.02739
|
0.79281
0.03027
|
0.76077
0.03316
|
0.72728
0.03601
|
0.69256
0.03879
|
0.65681
0.04145
|
0.62023
0.04394
|
0.58307
0.04622
|
0.54553
0.04824
|
0.50781
0.04998
|
0.47015
0.05138
|
0.43274
0.05243
|
0.39580
0.05311
|
0.35953
0.05337
|
0.32411
0.05322
|
0.28974
0.05267
|
0.25663
0.05170
|
0.22495
0.05031
|
0.19486
0.04851
|
0.16654
0.04629
|
0.14011
0.04368
|
0.11570
0.04068
|
0.09344
0.03733
|
0.07342
0.03365
|
0.05573
0.02969
|
0.04044
0.02550
|
0.02764
0.02110
|
0.01735
0.01654
|
0.00953
0.01187
|
0.00407
0.00719
|
0.00096
0.00271
|
0.00015
−0.00107
|
0.00222
−0.00410
|
0.00740
−0.00674
|
0.01526
−0.00881
|
0.02593
−0.01018
|
0.03951
−0.01086
|
0.05599
−0.01088
|
0.07536
−0.01027
|
0.09756
−0.00908
|
0.12255
−0.00735
|
0.15023
−0.00520
|
0.18047
−0.00270
|
0.21312
0.00002
|
0.24797
0.00287
|
0.28481
0.00576
|
0.32342
0.00859
|
0.36356
0.01126
|
0.40494
0.01364
|
0.44728
0.01562
|
0.49023
0.01706
|
0.53334
0.01788
|
0.57624
0.01815
|
0.61864
0.01785
|
0.66017
0.01684
|
0.70030
0.01516
|
0.73862
0.01310
|
0.77494
0.01082
|
0.80907
0.00842
|
0.84084
0.00598
|
0.87008
0.00358
|
0.89664
0.00127
|
0.92041
−0.00092
|
0.94125
−0.00294
|
0.95907
−0.00477
|
0.97377
−0.00640
|
0.98525
−0.00780
|
0.99345
−0.00892
|
0.99836
−0.00971
|
1.00000
−0.01000
|
|
A plurality of airfoils
10
can be arranged to define a fan structure. The fan structure can be constructed and arranged for use in an automotive cooling system, or can be configured for any application requiring movement of air.
The airfoils of the invention have high lift to drag characteristics for the associated Reynolds number ranges. These very low drag airfoils result in reduced torque and minimal motor power requirements for engine cooling axial fans. These airfoils also exhibit reduced sensitivity to changes in incident angle that will result in higher fan efficiency over a wide range of ram air conditions.
The foregoing preferred embodiments have been shown and described for the purposes of illustrating the structural and functional principles of the present invention, as well as illustrating the methods of employing the preferred embodiments and are subject to change without departing from such principles. Therefore, this invention includes all modifications encompassed within the spirit of the following claims.
Claims
- 1. An airfoil comprising:a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 120,000 to 400,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.0 to 1.2.
- 2. The airfoil of claim 1, wherein the trailing edge is generally blunt.
- 3. The airfoil of claim 1, wherein the trailing edge has a radius equal to about 2% of a chord length of the airfoil.
- 4. The airfoil of claim 1, wherein the thickness is a range of 3% to 7%.
- 5. The airfoil of claim 1, wherein the thickness is 5%.
- 6. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates relative to chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c0.985600.011130.974650.012220.960790.013630.944100.015320.924700.017290.902740.019520.878390.021970.851820.024600.823220.027390.792810.030270.760770.033160.727280.036010.692560.038790.656810.041450.620230.043940.583070.046220.545530.048240.507810.049980.470150.051380.432740.052430.395800.053110.359530.053370.324110.053220.289740.052670.256630.051700.224950.050310.194860.048510.166540.046290.140110.043680.115700.040680.093440.037330.073420.033650.055730.029690.040440.025500.027640.021100.017350.016540.009530.011870.004070.007190.000960.002710.00015−0.001070.00222−0.004100.00740−0.006740.01526−0.008810.02593−0.010180.03951−0.010860.05599−0.010880.07536−0.010270.09756−0.009080.12255−0.007350.15023−0.005200.18047−0.002700.213120.000020.247970.002870.284810.005760.323420.008590.363560.011260.404940.013640.447280.015620.490230.017060.533340.017880.576240.018150.618640.017850.660170.016840.700300.015160.738620.013100.774940.010820.809070.008420.840840.005980.870080.003580.896640.001270.92041−0.000920.94125−0.002940.95907−0.004770.97377−0.006400.98525−0.007800.98919−0.008340.99074−0.008420.99233−0.008240.99389−0.007790.99536−0.007070.99667−0.006130.99777−0.005020.99866−0.003760.99936−0.002330.99981−0.000781.000000.000850.999900.002460.999550.004010.998960.005430.998140.006770.997070.007980.995800.009010.994380.009800.992870.010330.991340.01060.
- 7. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c1.000000.010000.998410.010880.994150.013530.987880.017560.979690.022070.969070.026650.955760.031420.939850.036410.921420.041590.900580.046900.877430.052310.852110.057760.824770.063210.795580.068610.764700.073920.732340.079090.698690.084060.663960.088800.628370.093260.592130.097400.555470.101170.518640.104550.481880.107480.445460.109910.409610.111770.374580.112950.340540.113360.307670.112900.276110.111520.245970.109000.217140.105350.189610.100790.163570.095460.139140.089400.116430.082690.095510.075480 076500.067820.059480.059820.044520.051610.031700.043280.021090.034990.012820.026740.006740.018530.002650.010650.000510.003450.00032−0.002690.00205−0.006790.00710−0.008700.01642−0.009370.02934−0.009280.04569−0.008540.06530−0.007260.08801−0.005540.11362−0.003430.14190−0.001000.172620.001740.205520.004800.240400.008380.277310.012510.316260.016920.356990.021400.399250.025790.442740.029920.487150.033620.532130.036760.577320.039210.622320.040830.666720.041540.710100.041260.752030.039960.792060.037610.829760.034260.864700.029970.896460.024840.924650.019010.948910.012640.968710.005870.98340−0.000650.99300−0.005790.99832−0.008951.00000−0.00999.
- 8. An airfoil comprising:a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of 3% to 13%, a Reynolds number in a range from 90,000 to 200,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.4 to 1.6.
- 9. The airfoil of claim 8, wherein the trailing edge is generally blunt.
- 10. The airfoil of claim 8, wherein the trailing edge has a radius equal to about 2% of a chord length of the airfoil.
- 11. The airfoil of claim 8, wherein the thickness is in a range of 6% to 10%.
- 12. The airfoil of claim 8, wherein the thickness is 8%.
- 13. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates, relative to chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c0.985670.013600.975240.016270.962120.019280.946260.022590.927750.026210.906730.030120.883350.034270.857780.038600.830200.043050.800790.047570.769770.052070.737310.056470.703590.060700.668790.064710.633150.068460.596860.071900.560160.074970.523240.077600.486300.079770.449570.081410.413220.082480.377470.082990.342490.082890.308440.082160.275540.080820.243950.078860.213810.076270.185280.073060.158480.069240.133540.064850.110530.059930.089570.054510.070730.048660.054070.042460.039610.035950.027390.029250.017410.022500.009690.015860.004220.009500.001050.003620.00015−0.001370.00220−0.005210.00757−0.008290.01583−0.010750.02701−0.012430.04119−0.013370.05836−0.013600.07848−0.013150.10146−0.012080.12726−0.010450.15578−0.008360.18685−0.005930.22029−0.003260.25589−0.000440.293430.002430.332650.005250.373300.007930.415070.010360.457680.012440.500700.014040.543750.015130.586420.015800.628390.016100.669410.016140.709290.015920.747800.015340.784630.014360.819460.012960.851990.011170.881940.009000.909040.006510.933050.003750.953720.000800.97080−0.002300.98394−0.005320.98815−0.006470.98963−0.006750.99119−0.006790.99275−0.006560.99426−0.006070.99565−0.005340.99687−0.004420.99790−0.003340.99878−0.002060.99944−0.000630.999850.000901.000000.002470.999890.004010.999540.005470.998950.006880.998120.008210.997060.009390.995820.010380.994460.011130.993040.01164.
- 14. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c1.000000.010000.998310.010360.993430.011530.985670.013600.975240.016270.962120.019280.946260.022590.927750.026210.906730.030120.883350.034270.857780.038600.830200.043050.800790.047570.769770.052070.737310.056470.703590.060700.668790.064710.633150.068460.596860.071900.560160.074970.523240.077600.486300.079770.449570.081410.413220.082480.377470.082990.342490.082890.308440.082160.275540.080820.243950.078860.213810.076270.185280.073060.158480.069240.133540.064850.110530.059930.089570.054510.070730.048660.054070.042460.039610.035950.027390.029250.017410.022500.009690.015860.004220.009500.001050.003620.00015−0.001370.00220−0.005210.00757−0.008290.01583−0.010750.02701−0.012430.04119−0.013370.05836−0.013600.07848−0.013150.10146−0.012080.12726−0.010450.15578−0.008360.18685−0.005930.22029−0.003260.25589−0.000440.293430.002430.332650.005250.373300.007930.415070.010360.457660.012440.500700.014040.543750.015130.586420.015800.628390.016100.669410.016140.709290.015920.747800.015340.784630.014360.819460.012960.851990.011170.881940.009000.909040.006510.933050.003750.953720.000800.97080−0.002300.98394−0.005320.99302−0.007810.99829−0.009441.00000−0.01000
- 15. An airfoil comprising:a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, said airfoil having a thickness in a range of 5% to 15%, a Reynolds number in a range from 60,000 to 120,000, and a maximum lift coefficient in a range from 1.8 to 2.0.
- 16. The airfoil of claim 15, wherein the trailing edge is generally blunt.
- 17. The airfoil of claim 15, wherein the trailing edge has a radius equal to about 2% of a chord length of the airfoil.
- 18. The airfoil of claim 15, wherein the thickness is in a range of 8% to 12%.
- 19. The airfoil of claim 15, wherein the thickness is 10%.
- 20. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c 0.994150.013530.987880.017560.979690.022070.969070.026650.955760.031420.939850.036410.921420.041590.900580.046900.877430.052310.852110.057760.824770.063210.795580.068610.764700.073920.732340.079090.698690.084060.663960.088800.628370.093260.592130.097400.555470.101170.518640.104550.481880.107480.445460.109910.409610.111770.374580.112950.340540.113360.307670.112900.276110.111520.245970.109000.217140.105350.189610.100790.163570.095460.139140.089400.116430.082690.095510.075480.076500.067820.059480.059820.044520.051610.031700.043280.021090.034990.012820.026740.006740.018530.002650.010650.000510.003450.00032−0.00269 0.00205−0.00679 0.00710−0.00870 0.01642−0.00937 0.02934−0.00928 0.04569−0.00854 0.06530−0.00726 0.08801−0.00554 0.11362−0.00343 0.14190−0.00100 0.172620.001740.205520.004800.240400.008380.277310.012510.316260.016920.356990.021400.399250.025790.442740.029920.487150.033620.532130.036760.577320.039210.622320.040830.666720.041540.710100.041260.752030.039960.792060.037610.829760.034260.864700.029970.896460.024840.924650.019010.948910.012640.968710.005870.98340−0.00065 0.98715−0.00266 0.98835−0.00319 0.98968−0.00355 0.99111−0.00369 0.99258−0.00359 0.99402−0.00325 0.99538−0.00266 0.99660−0.00188 0.99764−0.00093 0.998480.000120.999130.001250.999620.002500.999920.003880.999990.005330.999820.006800.999400.008220.998750.009540.997910.010700.996940.011680.99587 0.01245.
- 21. An airfoil including a leading edge, a trailing edge spaced from the leading edge, an upper surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, and a lower surface extending from the leading edge to the trailing edge, wherein x/c values are dimensionless x coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and y/c values are dimensionless y coordinates, relative to the chord length, c, and wherein the values correspond substantially to the values in the following table:x/cy/c 1.000000.010000.998370.010070.993540.010400.985600.011130.974650.012220.960790.013630.944100.015320.924700.017290.902740.019520.878390.021970.851820.024600.823220.027390.792810.030270.760770.033160.727280.036010.692560.038790.656810.041450.620230.043940.583070.046220.545530.048240.507810.049980.470150.051380.432740.052430.395800.053110.359530.053370.324110.053220.289740.052670.256630.051700.224950.050310.194860.048510.166540.046290.140110.043680.115700.040680.093440.037330.073420.033650.055730.029690.040440.025500.027640.021100.017350.016540.009530.011870.004070.007190.000960.002710.00015−0.00107 0.00222−0.00410 0.00740−0.00674 0.01526−0.00881 0.02593−0.01018 0.03951−0.01086 0.05599−0.01088 0.07536−0.01027 0.09756−0.00908 0.12255−0.00735 0.15023−0.00520 0.18047−0.00270 0.213120.000020.247970.002870.284810.005760.323420.008590.363560.011260.404940.013640.447280.015620.490230.017060.533340.017880.576240.018150.618640.017850.660170.016840.700300.015160.738620.013100.774940.010820.809070.008420.840840.005980.870080.003580.896640.001270.92041−0.00092 0.94125−0.00294 0.95907−0.00477 0.97377−0.00640 0.98525−0.00780 0.99345−0.00892 0.99836−0.00971 1.00000 −0.01000 .
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