Low temperature heat shrinkable film

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates a low temperature heat shrinkable film and a process for producing the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a low temperature heat shrinkable film which has high heat shrinkability at low temperature and high shrinkage stress and which has a remarkably excellent transparency as compared with conventional shrink films, and process for producing such a film. Moreover, the present invention relates to an inflation film consisting of a multilayer structure of a single resin.
Conventionally, there have been used low temperature heat shrinkable films exhibiting a low temperature shrinkability at 90.degree. to 100.degree. C. of 30 to 50% which are obtained by drawing a low density polyethylene resin (LDPE) having a long branched chain usually called high-pressure polyethylene, or a blend of the low density polyethylene resin with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a butene type rubber or he like at a draw ratio of 1.5 to 3.0.
However, these films are disadvantageous in that, because the LDPE having a number of long branched chains has a remarkably inferior stretchability, it can be drawn only at a low draw ratio and it cannot be uniformly drawn, with the result that unevenness in drawing is generated in the resultant film and unevenness in thickness or jetting are generated in the film due to the internal strain remaining in the film. Therefore, there are serious problems with regard to the productivity of these films. Further, these films have another disadvantage in that they cannot exhibit a display effect to a sufficient degree because the haze value indicative of the transparency of the film, which is a very important factor in a packaging film, is 5% or more, typically about 10%.
The present inventors made extensive investigations to improve the above-mentioned defects. As a result, the present inventors discovered that when a film made of a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less (hereinafter referred to as LLDPE) was drawn at a draw ratio of 3.0 to 6.0 between two rolls having a diameter of 200 mm or less using an air gap of 10 mm or less, a low temperature shrinkable film could be produced which had an extremely excellent transparency, was free from unevenness in drawing, and had a uniform thickness and an excellent film strength.
As is well known, an inflation method is one method for forming plastics films. This inflation method generally comprises blowing air into a tube extruded from an inflation die attached to an extruder to expand the tube, and cooling the expanded tube, thereby continuously forming a plastics film.
When a film is produced by means of an inflation method, in order to prevent the films in the form of a tube from being blocked, the addition of an antiblocking agent is carried out or other measures are adopted.
In the course of extensive investigations to develop a low temperature heat shrinkable polyethylene film having excellent transparency and excellent properties which is suitable for use in shrink packaging, the present inventors discovered that, when a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less was formed into a film in the form of a tube by means of an air cooling inflation method or a water cooling inflation method, and two films were allowed to be strongly blocked by a strong nip-roll pressure, while effecting sufficient cooling and folding the tubular film by means of a guide plate, in contrast with the conventional technique in which blocking of films is avoided as much as possible, so as to form a two layer structured film, the tubular film could be easily blocked by forming the above-mentioned polyethylene resin according to a water cooling inflation method, a two-stage air cooling inflation method and other methods which exhibit an excellent cooling efficiency because the polyethylene resin has a remarkable tendency to be blocked by a rapid cooling method having a high cooling efficiency in an inflation forming method.
Moreover, it was discovered that when the film obtained above was drawn by means of heat rolls, the blocking of the two films was further strengthened so as to obtain a drawn film of two layer structure which could not be readily separated into two pieces, and at the same time, the transparency was rapidly enhanced to a high level equal to that of a vinylon film (haze value: 3% or less).
In addition, since the above-mentioned drawn film was of a two layer structure in which the two films were blocked, it was found that the film strength such as impact strength and tear strength, especially longitudinal tear strength, was remarkably excellent. As shown in the comparative examples described hereinafter, it was also found that the drawn film exhibited remarkably excellent impact strength and tear strength as compared with an inflation film or a T-die film of single structure having the same thickness. When the strength of a film is to be enhanced, it is a common practice to increase the thickness of the film. In this case, the transparency of the film is likely to be decreased. In contrast, it was found in the above-mentioned case that the transparency became rather improved. As described hereinabove, the conventional low temperature heat shrinkable film was disadvantageous in that the thickness was uneven, the jetting was generated, the quality of the product was poor, and the transparency of the film was unsatisfactory. The present inventors succeeded in obtaining a film of multilayer structure which was heat shrinkable at a lower temperature, had a remarkably excellent transparency and exhibited a conspicuously excellent strength, especially a high resistance to longitudinal tearing, as compared with the conventional inflation films and the like, by press bonding or press bonding and drawing a plurality of films composed of a linear polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less by means of an inflation method so as to provide a laminated film.
GIST OF THE INVENTION
The low temperature heat shrinkable film according to the present invention is characterized in that it comprises a linear low density polyethylene having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less, the haze value is 5% or less, the heat shrinkages at 90.degree. C. in the M and T directions are 30% or more and 5% or less, respectively, and the shrinkage stress at 90.degree. C. in the M direction is 300 g/mm.sup.2 or more. This film can be produced by drawing the above-mentioned linear low density polyethylene resin between two rolls having a diameter of 200 mm or less at an air gap of 10 mm or less at a draw ratio of 3.0 to 6.0.
The multilayer structure inflation film according to the present invention is formed by laminating a plurality of films comprising a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with the present invention, instead of the conventional high-pressure polyethylene, a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less (LLDPE) which can be uniformly drawn at a high draw ratio (e.g., 3 to 6) is used as the starting material. Further, even if the LLDPE is shaped into a film while being cooled to a sufficient degree by means of the two-stage air cooling inflation method, a water cooling inflation method, a chill roll method or the like, the resultant film has excellent transparency and a satisfactory thickness. In addition, by uniformly drawing the film at about 90.degree. C. at a high draw ratio (3 to 6) in the M direction, it is possible to obtain a film having remarkably excellent transparency (the haze value is 5% or less).
Moreover, the low temperature heat shrinkable film of the present invention has very excellent characteristics in that the heat shrinkages at 90.degree. C. in the M and T directions are 30% or more and 5% or less, respectively, and the shrinkage stress at 90.degree. C. in the M direction is 300 g/mm.sup.2.
The LLDPE usable in the present invention can be produced by subjecting ethylene and at least one .alpha.-olefins having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms (e.g., propylene, butene-1, hexene-1, 4-methyl-1-pentene, octene-1 and decene-1) to a conventional medium low-pressure method or a high-pressure method in the presence of a Ziegler catalyst. The medium low-pressure method includes a gas phase method, a slurry method or a solution method.
The LLDPE used in the present invention may be blended with an ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, a butene rubber, high-pressure low density polyethylene having a long branched chain or the like.
The LLDPE used in the present invention has a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 or less, preferably 0.900 to 0.930 g/cm.sup.3. If the density is more than 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 a satisfactory low temperature heat shrinkability cannot be obtained.
Although the melt index (MI) of the LLDPE is not especially limited, it is preferable that the MI be 0.3 to 8 g/10 min (measurement condition: according to JIS K 6760), more preferably 0.5 to 3 g/10 min. If the MI is less than 0.3 g/10 min, melt fracture is likely to occur resulting in a film of poor quality. On the other hand, an MI exceeding 8 g/10 min tends to cause the resultant film to exhibit undesirably decreased strength. The LLDPE used in the present invention is not especially limited with regard to the molecular weight distribution. However, it is preferable to use the LLDPE having a narrow molecular weight distribution in order to further improve the quality, especially transparency, of the resultant film. It is particularly preferable that the M.sub.W /M.sub.n value (M.sub.W : weight average molecular weight by GPC measurement, M.sub.n : number average molecular weight by GPC measurement), which is a measure of the molecular weight distribution, be in the range of from 3.0 to 5.0.
As described hereinabove, in accordance with the present invention, the use of the above-mentioned specific LLDPE makes it possible to increase the draw ratio of the film to a level of 3.0 to 6.0 and to obtain a uniform film having no unevenness in thickness due to uniform drawing. That is, a high draw ratio of 3 or more can be used. As a result, the resultant film has a drastically improved transparency. If the draw ratio is less than 3.0, a large unevenness in drawing is generated resulting in an unevenness in thickness, and further the transparency is poor. On the other hand, a draw ratio exceeding 6.0 tend to cause drawing breakage making stable production difficult. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain a film having the desired film properties according to the present invention.
Since the polyethylene resin film used in the present invention has the property of undergoing high necking, in order to obtain a film having a uniform thickness, it is necessary that the two rolls used for the drawing should have a diameter of 200 mm or less, preferably 80 to 180 mm, the air gap should be 10 mm or less, preferably 3 to 5 mm, and the draw ratio should preferably be 3.0 to 6.0, as described hereinabove. The term "air gap" as used herein refers to a distance from a point of contact at which the film is first separated from a low speed roll after the passage thereon to a point at which the film then comes into contact with a high speed roll between the low and high speed rolls. If the diameter of the drawing roll is more than 200 mm, the necking of the film becomes undesirably large. Further, if the air gap between the two drawing rolls is more than 10 mm, the necking of the film becomes undesirably large.
In the production of the low temperature heat shrinkable film according to the present invention, the drawing temperature is not especially limited. However, for the purpose of attaining the object of the present invention, it is preferable that the drawing temperature be 70.degree. to 110.degree. C., more preferably 80.degree. to 100.degree. C. The use of such a drawing temperature makes it possible to attain an excellent low temperature heat shrinkability.
The low temperature heat shrinkable film according to the present invention also may be shaped by a conventional air cooling inflation method in which air is blown onto the circumference of an extruded tube and then a film in the form of a tube is shaped while spontaneously cooling the tube. However, it is preferable to use a shaping method capable of providing sufficient cooling. The use of a water cooling inflation method in which a tube is cooled while being brought into direct contact with water, a chill roll method using a cooling roll (chill roll), which methods are used as a conventional rapid cooling method, and the like, makes it possible to obtain a film having a further improved transparency.
Conventionally, a film having an extremely excellent transparency and excellent low temperature shrinkability has not been made from a polyethylene resin. Such a film has been made from polyvinyl chloride (PVC), drawn polypropylene (PP) and the like. However, the film of the present invention is a polyethylene film having an excellent transparency and heat shrinkability equal to those of a PVC or drawn pp film while the excellent characteristics (low temperature heat sealability, flexibility, food safety, and the like) of the polyethylene are retained.
The inflation film according to the present invention can be obtained by press bonding a tubular film comprising the LLDPE as described hereinabove. The press bonded film is preferably drawn. In accordance with the present invention, by such press bonding, a film having a large sheet thickness can be readily obtained. For example, a 200 .mu. thick film (sheet) is easily obtained from a tubular film one side of which has a thickness of 100 .mu.. Further, the resultant film has an excellent transparency in spite of its thickness. A tubular film also may be obtained by a conventional air cooling inflation method. However, it is preferable to use a method in which the efficiency of cooling is high, e.g., a water cooling inflation method or a two stage air cooling inflation method. Sufficient cooling cannot only provide a tubular film having an excellent transparency but also can make blocking of the tubular film in the subsequent step easy. The tubular film is folded by means of a guide plate and then the two films are strongly press bonded under a strong nip roll pressure, e.g., 4 to 5 kg/cm.sup.2. The above-mentioned blocking also depends on the distance between the die and the nip rolls. Therefore, this distance is suitably adjusted. When the tubular film is rapidly cooled and is passed through between the nip rolls as rapidly as possible after the cooling, the blocking is strengthened. Thus, a two layer structure inflation film is obtained. The drawing is preferably carried out by, for example, monoaxially drawing the above-obtained press-bonded film between two rolls having a dimension of 200 mm or less at an air gap of 10 mm or less.
As described hereinabove, the draw ratio can be made higher than that for the conventional high-pressure polyethylene resin. When the draw ratio if less than 3.0, a large unevenness in drawing occurs resulting in an uneveness in thickness. Further, the transparency becomes poor. On the other hand, when the draw ratio is more than 6.0, drawing breakage is likely to occur making stable production difficult. Therefore, it is preferable that the draw ratio be suitably selected within the range of from 3.0 to 6.0.
In addition, the drawing temperature is preferably in the range of from 70.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. in terms of roll temperature. Especially the drawing temperature in the range of from 80.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. provides an excellent low temperature shrinkability.

EXAMPLES
The present invention will now be explained by examples and comparative examples. It is to be understood that these examples by no means limit the scope of the present invention. In the examples and comparative examples, the used physical properties were determined by the following method.
(1) Haze value (%): ASTMD-1003
(2) Impact strength (kg/mm): pendulum type, impactor=1 inch hemisphere
(3) Tear strength (kg/cm): JIS Z 1702
(4) Heat shrinkage (%): JIS Z 1709 (90.degree. C.)
(5) Shrinkage stress (g/mm.sup.2): The shrinkage tension is recorded at a heating ratio of 3.degree. C./min using a tension (provided with a temperature-elevating and dropping vessel).
Materials
Film 50 mm wide, chuck gap 100 mm (in the form of a strip)
Settling
A film 50 mm wide in the form of a strip is set at a tension of 0 to the tension in which the chuck gap is set at 100 mm.
The atmosphere temperature is raised from normal temperature at a heating rate of 3.degree. C./min, and the shrinkage tension generated at each temperature is divided by the cross-sectional area of the original film. The thus-obtained value is expressed as the shrinkage stress.
(6) Uneveness is thickness: A film is slit 20 mm from both sides (edges), and the thickness in the control direction of the remaining film is determined. Then, the percentage of R (the maximum thickness--the minimum thickness) based on the average thickness is determined.
EXAMPLE 1
A linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.917 g/cm.sup.3 was used and the resin was subjected to an air cooling inflation method. The resultant tubular film was sufficiently cooled to obtain a film having excellent transparency. The film was drawn at a draw ratio of 3.5 at a drawing temperature of 90.degree. C. in the M direction to obtain a drawn film (40 .mu. thick). The measurement results of the physical properties of the drawn film are shown in Table 1.
EXAMPLES 2 to 3
A drawn film was obtained according the same procedures as those described in Example 1 except that the resin indicated in Table 1 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
However, in Example 3, a water cooling inflation method was carried out.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1
A drawn film (40 .mu. thick) was obtained according to the same manner as that described in Example 1 except that a high-pressure LDPE having a density of 0.921 g/cm.sup.3 was used. However, when the drawing was carried out at the same draw ratio of 3.5 as in Example 1, drawing breakage occurred. Therefore, the draw ratio was set at 2.2. The results are shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2
A film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that no drawing was carried out. The results are shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 3
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that PVC having a density of 1.35 g/cm.sup.3 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 4
A film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 3 except that no drawing was carried out. The results are shown in Table 1.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 5
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that PP having a density of 0.900 g/cm.sup.3 was used. The results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________ Example Example Comparative ExampleItem 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5__________________________________________________________________________Resin used LLDPE same as same as high- same as PVC PVC PP on the left on the left pressure on the left LDPEResin density (g/cm.sup.3) 0.917 0.928 0.932 0.921 same as 1.35 1.35 0.900 on the leftMelt index (g/10 min) 0.6 1.0 1.0 1.5 1.5 2 2 2Molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) 3.2 3.5 3.5 6 6 -- -- --Diameter of drawing roll (mm) 80 100 100 100 -- 100 -- 100Air gap (mm) 3 5 5 5 -- 5 -- 5Draw ratio 3.5 same as same as 2.2 -- 3.5 -- 3.5 on the left on the leftDrawing temperature (.degree.C.) 90 90 90 90 -- 90 --__________________________________________________________________________ 90 1Film Thickness (.mu.) 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40properties Haze (%) 2.2 2.5 2.4 8.5 9.5 2.2 2.4 2.5 Impact strength 1100 1600 950 280 200 680 400 800 (kg .multidot. cm/mm) Heat shrinkage at 90.degree. in 38 35 32 33 0 34 3 12 the M direction (%) Heat shrinkage at 100.degree. C. in 55 50 46 45 3 43 6 18 the M direction (%) Shrinkage stress at 90.degree. C. in 500 460 420 410 0 190 0 200 the M direction (g/mm.sup.2) Unevenness in thickness 14 16 14 35 22 20 20 24Remarks__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 4
A linear low density polyethylene resin film having a short branched chain, a density of 0.917 g/cm.sup.3 and a melt index of 0.5 g/10 min was drawn between two drawing rolls having a diameter of 80 mm at an air gap of 3 mm at a draw ratio of 3.5 and a drawing temperature of 80.degree. C. The physical properties of the resultant film (40 .mu. thick) were determined. The results are shown in Table 2.
EXAMPLE 5 THROUGH 8
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 4 except that the resin and conditions indicated in Table 2 were used. The results are shown in Table 2.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 6
A linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain, a density of 0.928 g/cm.sup.3 and a melt index of 1.0 g/10 min was drawn between two drawing rolls having a diameter of 250 mm at an air gap of 5 mm at a draw ratio of 4.5 and a drawing temperature of 100.degree. C. The measurement results of the physical properties of the resultant film (40 .mu. thick) are shown in Table 3.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLES 7 THROUGH 12
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 6 except that the resin and conditions indicated in Table 3 were used. The results are shown in Table 3.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________ Example ExampleResin used, drawing conditions 4 5 6 7 8__________________________________________________________________________Resin used LLDPE same as same as same as same as on the left on the left on the left on the leftDensity (g/cm.sup.3) 0.917 0.917 0.928 0.928 0.934Melt index (g/10 mm) 0.5 2.0 7.0 1.0 1.0Molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.5Diameter of drawing roll (mm) 80 180 100 100 100Air gap (mm) 3 5 7 5 5Draw ratio 3.5 4.5 5.5 4.5 4.5Drawing temperature (.degree.C.) 80 70 90 100 110__________________________________________________________________________Film Thickness 40 40 40 40 40physicalproperties Haze (%) 2.5 2.9 2.8 2.5 2.8 Impact strength 1200 1000 350 950 750 (kg .multidot. cm/mm) Heat shrinkage (%) 42 38 32 35 33 (M direction, 90.degree. C.) Shrinkage stress (g/mm.sup.2) 510 480 420 410 420 (M direction, 90.degree. C.) Unevenness in thickness 10 20 18 16 16 (R, %)Remarks necking of film is same as on same as on same as on same as on small, no drawing the left the left the left the left breakage__________________________________________________________________________
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________ Comparative Example Comparative ExampleResin used, drawing conditions 6 7 8 9 10 11 12__________________________________________________________________________Resin used polyethylene same as on same as on same as on high- high- high- resin the left the left the left pressure pressure pressure LDPE LDPE LDPEDensity (g/cm.sup.3) 0.928 0.928 0.928 0.928 0.920 0.920 0.920Melt index (g/10 min) 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 0.5 2.0 2.0Molecular weight distribution 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 6 5.6 5.6Mw/MnDiameter of drawing roll (mm) 250 100 100 100 100 100 100Air gap (mm) 5 15 5 5 5 5 5Draw ratio 4.5 4.5 2.5 7.0 3.5 3.0 4.0Drawing temperature (.degree.C.) 100 100 100 100 100 70 70__________________________________________________________________________Film Thickness 40 40 40 -- -- 40 --physicalproper- Haze (%) 4.0 3.8 6.5 -- -- 7.5 --ties Impact strength 1000 1100 420 -- -- 200 -- (kg .multidot. cm/mm) Heat shrinkage (%) 38 35 18 -- -- 32 -- (M direction, 90.degree. C.) Shrinkage stress 510 520 420 -- -- 400 -- (g/mm.sup.2) (M direc- tion, 90.degree. C.) Unevenness in 40 35 20 -- -- 30 -- thickness (R, %)Remarks remarkable same as on poor drawing breakage due poor drawing unevenness the left transparency, breakage, to fusion transparency, breakage in thickness poor stable with roll remarkable shrinkage production unevenness impossible in thickness__________________________________________________________________________
EXAMPLE 9
A linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.917 g/cm.sup.3 was used, and the resin was shaped into a film in the form of a tube by a two stage cooling inflation method. The resultant film was passed through between nip rolls at a nip roll pressure of 4.0 kg/cm.sup.2 to allow the film to be blocked. The resultant film was then drawn at a drawing temperature of 85.degree. C. at a draw ratio of 4.0 to provide a drawn film. The evaluation results of the physical properties of the drawn film are as shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE 10
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.935 g/cm.sup.3 was used, the drawing temperature was 90.degree. C. and the draw ratio was 5.0. The results are shown in Table 4.
EXAMPLE 11
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a linear low density polyethylene resin having a short branched chain and a density of 0.928 g/cm.sup.3 was used, a water cooling inflation method was used, the drawing temperature was 75.degree. C., and the draw ratio was 3.5. The results are shown in Table 4.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 13
A drawn film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 9 except that an air cooling inflation method was used, and the tubular film was passed through between the nip rolls at a nip roll pressure of 1.5 kg/cm.sup.2. The results are shown in Table 4.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 14
A high-pressure LDPE having a density of 0.921 g/cm.sup.3 was used, the drawing was carried out under the conditions indicated in Table 4, and an air cooling inflation method was used. Thus, a drawn film was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 15
A high-pressure LDPE having a density of 0.921 g/cm.sup.3 was used, the drawing was carried out under the conditions indicated in Table 4 and a T die method was used. Thus, a drawn film was obtained. The results are shown in Table 4.
COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 16
A drawn film was shaped in the same manner as in Example 11 except that a high-pressure LDPE having a density of 0.921 g/cm.sup.3 was used, the drawing temperature was 70.degree. C. and the draw ratio was 3.2. The film was broken due to drawing breakage.
As described hereinabove, in accordance with the present invention, there is obtained a multilayer structured film having low temperature heat shrinkability, remarkedly excellent transparency, and conspicuously excellent strength, especially excellent resistance to longitudinal tearing. This film is expected to be used in various applications by using these properties, coupled with the uniformity of the film thickness. For example, the film of the present invention can be used in the packaging field where a vinylon film, a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film or the like having a high transparency is used, in addition to the shrink film field where low temperature heat shrinkability is utilized.
Moreover, according to the present invention, in addition to a two layer structured inflation film, three or more layer structured inflation films, such as four or six layer structured films, also may be obtained.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________ Example Example Comparative ExampleItem 9 10 11 13 14 15 16__________________________________________________________________________Resin used Present same as on same as on same as on LDPE same as same as on resin the left the left the left high- the left the left LLDPE pressureDensity (g/cm.sup.3) 0.917 0.935 0.928 0.917 0.921 0.921 0.921Melt index (g/10 min) 0.5 1.0 1.0 0.5 1.5 1.5 1.5Molecular weight distribution Mw/Mn 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.2 6 6 6Diameter of drawing roll (mm) 80 100 100 100 100 100 100Air gap (mm) 3 5 5 5 5 5 5Shaping method two stage same as on water cooling air cooling same as on T-die water cooling air cool- the left inflation inflation the left method inflation ing infla- method method method tion methodBlocking (nip roll pressure kg/cm.sup.2) occur occur occur none none none none (4.0) (4.0) (4.0) (1.5) (4.0) (1.5) (1.5)Layer structure of film two two two mono- mono- mono- two layer layer layer layer layer layer layerDrawing temperature (.degree.C.) 85 90 75 85 65 70 70Draw ratio 4.0 5.0 3.5 4.0 2.5 2.2 3.2__________________________________________________________________________Film Thickness (.mu.) 40 30 70 40 40 40 --physicalproperties Haze (%) 2.6 2.8 1.9 5.5 7.0 5.0 -- Impact strength 1200 950 1600 650 350 280 -- (kg .multidot. cm/mm) Tear strength (MD) 140 95 180 35 25 17 -- (kg/cm) Heat shrinkage 41 35 38 32 30 25 -- (MD, 90.degree. C.) Shrinkage stress (g/mm.sup.2) 530 410 460 410 0 0 -- (MD, 90.degree. C.) Unevenness in thickness 10 12 14 15 35 10 --Remarks Broken due to drawing breakage__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Name	Date
4243619	Fraser et al.	Jan 1981
4258166	Canterino et al.	Mar 1981
4668752	Tominari et al.	May 1987

Number	Date	Country
56-166024	Dec 1981	JPX
58-119827	Jul 1983	JPX

Low temperature heat shrinkable film

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