Claims
- 1. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the substituent with
- (A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group;
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a carboxylic acid and an organic sulfonic acid sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating oil composition provided that when the alkali metal salt comprises a mixture of overbased alkali metal salts of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid, then the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture; and either
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compounds having a metal ratio of at least 3; or
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of magnesium overbased salts of acidic organic compounds having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 2. The oil composition of claim 1 containing at least about 1.5% by weight of the carboxylic derivative composition (A).
- 3. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the Mn of the substituent in (A-1) is at least about 1500.
- 4. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the substituent groups in (A-1) are derived from polybutene in which at least about 50% of the total units derived from butenes are derived from isobutene.
- 5. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the carboxylic derivative composition (A) is obtained by reacting from about 0.7 to about 1.5 equivalents of the amine (A-2) per equivalent of the acylating agent (A-1).
- 6. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the amine (A-2) is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamine.
- 7. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the succinic acylating agent (A-1) consists of substituent groups and succinic groups and the acylating agent is characterized by the presence within its structure of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the substituent groups.
- 8. The oil composition of claim 1 comprising (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compounds having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 9. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is a salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid wherein the number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent is from about 900 to about 5000.
- 10. The oil composition of claim 9 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid (B) is derived from polybutene in which at least about 50% of the total units derived from butenes is derived from isobutene.
- 11. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal of (B) is sodium or potassium.
- 12. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is characterized as having a ratio of equivalents of alkali metal to equivalents of carboxylic acid or mixture of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid of at least about 1.5.
- 13. The oil composition of claim 12 wherein the ratio is from about 2 to about 40.
- 14. The oil composition of claim 1 further comprising
- (D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
- 15. The oil composition of claim 14 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is a Group II metal, aluminum, tin, iron, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper.
- 16. The oil composition of claim 14 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is zinc, copper, or mixtures thereof.
- 17. The oil composition of claim 14 further comprising
- (E) at least one antioxidant provided that the antioxidant (E) and the dithiophosphate (D) are not the same.
- 18. The oil composition of claim 17 wherein the antioxidant (E) is selected from the group consisting of at least one sulfur-containing composition, at least one alkylated aromatic amine, at least one phenol, at least one oil-soluble transition metal containing antioxidant, and mixtures thereof.
- 19. The oil composition of claim 1 wherein (C-1) comprises at least one magnesium overbased salt of a sulfonic or carboxylic acid.
- 20. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups;
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating oil composition provided that when the alkali metal salt comprises a mixture of overbased alkali metal salts of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a sulfonic acid, then the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture; and either
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3; or
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of magnesium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 21. The oil composition of claim 20 containing at least about 1.5% by weight of the carboxylic derivative composition (A).
- 22. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the substituent groups in (A) are derived from polybutene in which at least about 50% of the total units derived from butenes are derived from isobutene.
- 23. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the carboxylic derivative composition (A) is obtained by reacting from about 0.7 to about 1.5 equivalents of the amine (A-2) per equivalent of the acylating agent (A-1).
- 24. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the carboxylic derivative composition (A) is obtained by reacting from about 0.5 up to less than 1 equivalent of the amine (A-2) per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1).
- 25. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the amine (A-2) is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamine.
- 26. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the succinic acylating agent (A-1) is characterized by the presence within its structure of at least about 1.5 up to about 2.5 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of the substituent group.
- 27. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is a salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid wherein the number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent is from about 900 to about 5000.
- 28. The oil composition of claim 27 wherein the number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid (B) is in the range of from about 900 to about 2500.
- 29. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the hydrocarbyl substituent of the hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid (B) is derived from polybutene in which at least about 50% of the total units derived from butenes is derived from isobutene.
- 30. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the alkali metal of (B) is sodium or potassium.
- 31. The oil composition of claim 20 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is characterized as having a ratio of equivalents of alkali metal to equivalents of carboxylic acid or mixture of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid of at least about 1.5.
- 32. The oil composition of claim 31 wherein the ratio is from about 2 to about 40.
- 33. The oil composition of claim 20 further comprising
- (D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate.
- 34. The oil composition of claim 33 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is a Group II metal, aluminum, tin, iron, cobalt, lead molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper.
- 35. The oil composition of claim 33 wherein the hydrocarbyl groups of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) are each independently hydrocarbyl groups containing from 3 to about 13 carbon atoms and are attached to oxygen atoms of the dithiophosphate through secondary carbon atoms.
- 36. The lubricating oil composition of claim 33 wherein the dithiophosphate (D) comprises a mixture of metal salts of dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acids wherein in at least one of the dihydrocarbyl phosphorodithioic acids, one of the hydrocarbyl groups (D-1) is an isopropyl or secondary butyl group, the other hydrocarbyl group (D-2) contains at least 5 carbon atoms, and at least about 10 mole percent of all of the hydrocarbyl groups present in (D) are isopropyl groups, secondary butyl groups or mixtures thereof.
- 37. The oil composition of claim 33 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is zinc, copper, or mixtures thereof.
- 38. The oil composition of claim 33 further comprising
- (E) at least one antioxidant provided that the antioxidant (E) and the dithiophosphate (D) are not the same.
- 39. The oil composition of claim 38 wherein the antioxidant (E) is selected from the group consisting of at least one sulfur-containing composition, at least one alkylated aromatic amine, at least one phenol, at least one oil-soluble transition metal containing antioxidant, and mixtures thereof.
- 40. The lubricating oil composition of claim 38 wherein the antioxidant (E) is an alkylated hindered phenol.
- 41. The oil composition of claim 38 wherein the antioxidant (E) is at least one transition metal-containing antioxidant.
- 42. The lubricating composition of claim 20 further comprising
- (SD) a supplemental dispersant.
- 43. The lubricating oil composition of claim 42 wherein the supplemental dispersant (SD) is (b) an ester dispersant.
- 44. The lubricating composition of claim 43 wherein the ester dispersant is further reacted with an amine.
- 45. The oil composition of claim 20 containing
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compounds having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 46. The oil composition of claim 45 wherein the magnesium salt is an overbased magnesium sulfonate.
- 47. The lubricating composition of claim 20 further comprising
- (F) at least one friction modifier.
- 48. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1.5% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.7 equivalent up to about 1.5 equivalents, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one mine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups;
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid wherein the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture and wherein the mount of the alkali metal overbased salt is sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating composition; and either
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3, provided that the lubricating oil composition is free of calcium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3, or
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased salt of an organic acid having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided the lubricating oil composition is free of magnesium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3; and
- (D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate; and
- (E) at least one antioxidant, provided that the antioxidant (E) and the dithiophosphate (D) are not the same.
- 49. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the substituent groups in (A-2) are derived from polybutene in which at least about 50% of the total units derived from butenes are derived from isobutene.
- 50. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the amine (A-2) is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic polyamine.
- 51. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is a salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted succinic acid wherein the number average molecular weight of the hydrocarbyl substituent is from about 900 to about 5000.
- 52. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the alkali metal of (B) is sodium or potassium.
- 53. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the alkali metal overbased salt (B) is characterized as having a ratio of equivalents of alkali metal to equivalents of carboxylic acid or mixtures of carboxylic acid and sulfonic acid of at least about 1.5.
- 54. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is a Group II metal, aluminum, tin, iron, cobalt, lead, molybdenum, manganese, nickel or copper.
- 55. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the metal of the metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate (D) is zinc, copper, or mixtures thereof.
- 56. The oil composition of claim 48 containing from about 0.05 to about 2% by weight of the dithiophosphate (D).
- 57. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the antioxidant (E) is selected from the group consisting of at least one sulfur-containing composition, at least one alkylated aromatic amine, at least one phenol, at least one oil-soluble transition metal containing antioxidant, and mixtures thereof.
- 58. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the antioxidant (E) is at least one alkylated hindered phenol.
- 59. The oil composition of claim 48 wherein the antioxidant (E) is at least one transition metal-containing antioxidant.
- 60. The lubricating composition of claim 48 wherein the supplemental dispersant (SD) is
- (b) an ester dispersant.
- 61. The lubricating composition of claim 60 wherein the ester dispersant is further reacted with an amine.
- 62. The lubricating composition of claim 48 further comprising
- (F) at least one friction modifier.
- 63. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1.5% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.7 equivalent up to about 1.5 equivalents, per equivalent of acylating agent, of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups;
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid wherein the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture and wherein the amount of the alkali metal overbased salt is sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating composition;
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased metal salt of an acid organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3, provided that the lubricating oil composition is free of calcium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3;
- (D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate; and
- (E) at least one antioxidant, provided that the antioxidant (E) and the dithiophosphate (D) are not the same.
- 64. The lubricating composition of claim 63 further comprising
- (SD) a supplemental dispersant.
- 65. The lubricating composition of claim 64 wherein the supplemental dispersant (SD) is
- (b) an ester dispersant.
- 66. The lubricating composition of claim 65 wherein the ester dispersant is further reacted with an amine.
- 67. A lubricating oil composition comprising a major mount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1.5% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.7 equivalent up to about 1.5 equivalents, per equivalent of acylating agent, of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an avenge of at least 13 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups;
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid wherein the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture and wherein the amount of the alkali metal overbased salt is sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating composition;
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased metal salt of an organic acid having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided the lubricating oil composition is free of magnesium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3;
- (D) at least one dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate;
- (E) at least one antioxidant, provided that the antioxidant (E) and the dithiophosphate (D) are not the same, and
- (SD) a supplemental dispersant.
- 68. The lubricating composition of claim 67 wherein the supplemental dispersant (SD) is
- (b) an ester dispersant.
- 69. The lubricating composition of claim 68 wherein the ester dispersant is further reacted with an amine.
- 70. A lubricating oil composition prepared by blending a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the substituent with
- (A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent (A-1), of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group;
- (B) an mount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid containing at least 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating oil composition provided that when the alkali metal salt comprises a mixture of overbased alkali metal salts of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid, then the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture; and either
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3; or
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of magnesium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 71. A lubricating oil composition prepared by blending a major amount of an oil of lubricating viscosity and
- (A) at least about 1.5% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.7 equivalent up to about 1.5 equivalents, per equivalent of acylating agent, of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups; and
- (B) an amount of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid wherein the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture and wherein the amount of the alkali metal overbased salt is sufficient to provide at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of the lubricating composition; and either
- (C-1) at least one magnesium overbased metal salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3, provided that the lubricating oil composition is free of calcium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3, or
- (C-2) at least one calcium overbased metal salt of an organic acid having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided the lubricating oil composition is free of magnesium overbased sulfonate having a metal ratio of at least 3; and
- (D) at least one metal dihydrocarbyl dithiophosphate;
- (E) at least one antioxidant, provided that the antioxidant (D) and the dithiophosphate (C) are not the same; and
- (SD) a supplemental dispersant.
- 72. A concentrate for preparing lubricating oil compositions containing at least about 0.002 up to about 0.01 equivalent of alkali metal per 100 grams of lubricating oil composition comprising from about 20% to about 90% by weight of a normally liquid, substantially inert organic diluent/solvent, and
- (A) from about 20 to about 80% by weight of at least one carboxylic derivative composition produced by reacting
- (A-1) at least one substituted succinic acylating agent with
- (A-2) from about 0.5 equivalent up to about 2 moles, per equivalent of acylating agent, of at least one amine compound characterized by the presence within its structure of at least one HN< group wherein said substituted succinic acylating agents consist of substituent groups and succinic groups wherein the substituent groups are derived from polyalkene, said polyalkene being characterized by an Mn value of 1300 to about 5000 and an Mw/Mn value of about 1.5 to about 4.5, said acylating agents being characterized by the presence within their structure of an average of at least 1.3 succinic groups for each equivalent weight of substituent groups;
- (B) from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of at least one alkali metal overbased salt of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid containing at least about 50 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbyl substituent or a mixture of a hydrocarbyl carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid provided that when the alkali metal salt comprises a mixture of overbased alkali metal salts of a hydrocarbyl-substituted carboxylic acid and a hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid, then the carboxylic acid comprises more than 50% of the acid equivalents of the mixture; and either
- (C-1) from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of least one magnesium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of calcium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3; or
- (C-2) from about 0.1 to about 20% by weight of at least one calcium overbased salt of an acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3 provided that the lubricating composition is free of magnesium overbased salts of acidic organic compound having a metal ratio of at least 3.
- 73. A method comprising lubricating a spark-ignited or compression engine with the oil composition of claim 1.
- 74. A method comprising lubricating a spark-ignited or compression engine with the oil composition of claim 48.
CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This application is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/884,102 filed May 15, 1992, now abandoned, which in turn is a continuation-in-part of U.S. Ser. No. 07/688,195, filed Apr. 19, 1991, now abandoned and U.S. Ser. No. 07/690,179, filed Apr. 19, 1991, now abandoned. The disclosures of said prior applications are incorporated herein in their entirety.
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Related Publications (1)
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Number |
Date |
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690179 |
Apr 1991 |
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Continuation in Parts (2)
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Number |
Date |
Country |
Parent |
884102 |
May 1992 |
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Parent |
688195 |
Apr 1991 |
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