The subject matter of the present application is in the field of machines for “comminuting” or reducing scrap metal pieces to a useful size for reuse, in particular debris or material left over from casting operations.
Specialized machines are commonly used for breaking irregular metal debris left over from casting operations into smaller pieces. Examples of such debris include sprue gating, cast weirs, ingates, runners, and scrap castings, and those skilled in the art will be familiar with similar types of metal debris that may usefully be reduced in size with such machines.
Some of these machines use a reciprocating plate acting against another plate to crush or break material; other machines use shearing blades. In either case it is desirable to prevent the debris being crushed or sheared from exiting the machine before it is reduced into sufficiently small pieces to be useful.
One prior machine is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,827,301 to Kassuba, in which a moveable plate or “jaw” faced with hardened projections is reciprocated against a moveable plate with hard stops and complementary projections. During loading and crushing cycles the lower ends of the plate-like jaw members are held close to each other so that the debris being crushed is largely prevented from falling out from between them at the lower end. The action of this machine can be described as primarily crushing or breaking.
Another such machine is shown in Swiss Patent No. CH656325 A5 to Otto, in which a movable array of spaced blade-like cutter bars is reciprocated into and out of engagement with a complementary fixed array of cutter bars, similar to scissor blades. A closed pivot structure at the interconnected lower ends of the linked cutter bars prevents debris from falling through. The debris-reducing action of this machine can be described as primarily by shearing.
Cast metal debris and similar metal scrap pieces may include both brittle and ductile materials of varying size and shape, some of which are more effectively reduced in size by crushing/breaking, and some of which are more effectively reduced in size by shearing.
The present invention is a machine that applies both crushing and shearing action to casting-type metal debris and scrap (hereafter “debris”), and thus efficiently reduces both brittle and ductile metals to a useful size.
The machine uses a reciprocating jaw member and a stationary anvil member, and achieves uniform reduction of the scrap pieces to a desirable size by providing a dynamically sized exit for debris from the work area between the anvil and jaw during the work cycle. The reciprocating jaw comprises an array of spaced, parallel, generally vertical-plane plates or bars (hereafter “bars”) on a movable horizontal support beam or drum, the bars having generally planar, V-shaped configurations with upper and lower legs or lobes defining a “mouth” opening toward the anvil and converging toward a vertex at the base of the jaw bar. The fixed anvil comprises a complementary array of spaced, parallel, generally vertical-plane plates fixedly mounted on the machine opposite the jaw. The movable jaw reciprocates the jaw bars between the anvil plates.
In a further aspect of the invention, the jaw bars reciprocate through the anvil plates in a short arc between open and closed positions. In the jaw open position, the lower lobes of the jaw bars reduce the debris exit area between the anvil plates, partially blocking them; in the jaw closed position, the lower lobes of the jaw bars are rotated out of the anvil plate array, enlarging the debris exit area between the anvil plates, while the upper lobes of the jaw bars are rotated into the anvil plate array.
In a further form, the jaw reciprocates on a pivot axis offset rearwardly from the work area defined between the jaw and anvil.
In a further form, the upper or leading edges of the anvil plates are sloped downwardly and inwardly toward the work area defined between the jaw and anvil. In one form the upper edges of the anvil plates are straight to define an upper work plane through which the V-shaped jaw bars reciprocate.
V-shaped should be understood to mean a shape generally having upper and lower ends or lobes with work-engaging edges projecting in diverging manner toward the anvil from a recessed vertex or base. The work-engaging edges are preferably squared or truncated at their junction and transition points, rather than pointed or smoothly radiused. V-shaped should be considered to include generally C-shaped or sideways U-shaped bar configurations, especially where the work-engaging edges diverge and where transition points are squared or angled rather than smoothly rounded.
The jaw may optionally be provided with supplemental crushing/shearing members, gripping projections, or angular contours (hereafter generally “teeth”) located on the jaw bars and/or between the jaw bars. In one embodiment the supplemental teeth are located on the inner opposing faces of the jaw bar work-engaging edges near the bar's vertex or base. In another embodiment teeth may be provided on the surface of the support drum between the jaw bars.
These and other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the detailed description below, in light of the accompanying drawings.
Referring generally to
As is known in the art, the main load-bearing and metal-crushing/shearing components of machine 10 are preferably made from a hard and/or durable material such as steel. For example, anvil plates 22 and jaw bars 32 may be made from hardened steel with additional hard-facing of known type applied to their outer, debris-engaging surfaces. Frame 12 of machine 10 is likewise preferably made primarily from steel. Mild steels, some aluminum alloys, and various bronze alloys or polymers may be suitable for lighter frame components, supports, pivot bearings, and the like. Connections between the various parts, when they are not integrally machined or cast, can be made using welds, industrial adhesives, and/or mechanical connectors, as will also be recognized by those skilled in the art.
Jaw 30 is reciprocated in an arc on a shaft 38 about a pivot axis 40 (shown in
Actuators 50 may take different forms, including but not limited to one or more pneumatic pistons of known type, or a reversible electric or hydraulic motor of known type connected to rotate the jaw directly through pivot shaft 38 on axis 40, without limitation, with jaw 30 reciprocated in an arc through the anvil 20 through a pivot axis spaced rearwardly from the jaw. The manner in which motive power is applied to operate the actuators 50 can vary, and in the illustrated example can be a conventional hydraulic fluid supply and return system schematically shown at H in
In the jaw open position, the upper lobes 32a and upper work-engaging edges 132a of jaw bars 32 are disengaged from anvil plates 22, i.e. raised above the plane of the upper edges 22a of anvil plates 22. The lower lobes 32b and lower work-engaging edges 132b of the jaw bars are engaged or interleaved with anvil plates 22, i.e. lower lobes 32b are lowered below the plane of the upper edges 22a and located at least partially between the anvil plates 22 and lower work-engaging edges 132b are intersecting the plane of the upper edges 22a of the anvil plates.
In this jaw open position, at least one dimension of the debris in work area W must be smaller than the spacing between lower lobes 32b of jaw plates 32 and the adjacent pair of anvil plates 22 (or between the outer ends of lobes 32b and the backer plate 24) in order to fall through exit area E to a waiting collection point 100 such as a hopper or conveyor.
It will further be understood that the gap or space between the outer ends of lower lobes 32b of the jaw bars and the backer plate 24 behind the anvil plates 22 forms part of the total exit area E, but this dimension is preferably sized to be less than the side-to-side spacing G between interleaved bars 32 and plates 22 so that G is the controlling dimension in terms of debris reduction.
It will further be understood that the gap or space between the outer free ends of anvil plates 22 and the drum 34 or any supplemental teeth such as 33 (or 133 as shown in
In this jaw closed position, at least one dimension of the debris in work area W must be smaller than the spacing (G+G+the thickness of lobe 32b) between any two adjacent anvil plates 22 in order to fall through exit area E to a waiting collection point 100. It will be understood that the upper lobes 32a of the jaw plates serve not only to break and shear debris that is still too large to pass through the machine, but to help drive the reduced debris through the anvil plates 22 to the collection point 100, helping to prevent jams.
The work cycle of jaw 30 through anvil 20 is accordingly a short down-and-up reciprocating arc, for example traveling through an arc of about 15-30° (degrees). The angle and spacing of the upper and lower ends and respective work-engaging edges of the jaw bars 32, and the arc of travel of the jaw 30 through a work cycle, are configured so that even irregular debris of varying hardness is efficiently crushed and sheared in work area W.
It will be understood that while anvil 22, jaw 30, and actuators 50 are shown integrated into machine 10 with a common frame 12, it may be possible or desirable in some circumstances to separately mount one or more them. For example, anvil 22 might be mounted on a fixed support structure such as a wall or pedestal while jaw 30 and actuators 50 are mounted on an adjacently positioned frame 12. Actuators 50 might be mounted on a support structure separately from but adjacent frame 12 on which jaw 30 and anvil 22 are integrated.
Referring now to
Machine 300 is shown with two rather than four hydraulic actuators 50, but these function in a manner similar to that described above to reciprocate jaw 330 through the anvil.
Machine 300 includes an upper rake or comb 400 located above jaw 330. Comb 400 comprises an array of spaced parallel bars or plates 402 aligned between the upper lobes 332a of jaw bars 332. The upper lobes of the jaw bars 332 accordingly reciprocate at least partially, and preferably fully, between plates 402 when jaw 300 is rotated rearwardly to the open debris-loading position shown in
As best shown in
Referring next to
Upper lobe teeth 333 may be integrally formed on the leading edge 331 of the jaw bar as shown, or may be formed as short bars or similar pieces attached or formed on the side faces of the upper lobe and projecting forwardly beyond the leading edge 331.
Referring now to
The junction of each jaw bar 330 and its associated support plate 350 may be overlapped by a plate or bar 345 with an angular forward edge 345a, connected to one or both for additional strength and for an optional extra comminuting surface.
In operation, machine 10 is used by charging work area W between anvil 22 and jaw 30 with a load of debris D while the jaw is in the open position of
It will finally be understood that the disclosed embodiments represent presently preferred examples of how to make and use the invention, but are intended to enable rather than limit the invention. Variations and modifications of the illustrated examples in the foregoing written specification and drawings may be possible without departing from the scope of the invention. It should further be understood that to the extent the term “invention” is used in the written specification, it is not to be construed as a limiting term as to number of claimed or disclosed inventions or discoveries or the scope of any such invention or discovery, but as a term which has long been conveniently and widely used to describe new and useful improvements in science and the useful arts. The scope of the invention supported by the above disclosure should accordingly be construed within the scope of what it teaches and suggests to those skilled in the art, and within the scope of any claims that the above disclosure supports in this application or in any other application claiming priority to this application.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/394,911, filed Sep. 15, 2016 by the same inventors (Kassuba and Wood), the entirety of which provisional application is hereby incorporated by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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62394911 | Sep 2016 | US |