Patent Application
20110289885
The invention relates to a machine for sealing vacuum packs and a corresponding control method.
Machines for vacuum-packing of food products contained in bags of plastic bags and/or aluminum alloys are known, comprising a pump for aspirating air from inside the bag, activated by an electric motor, and a welding element provided with an electrical resistance.
The welding element is arranged at the edge of the bag, and is crossed by an electric current which by heating the electrical resistance causes the welding of the bag.
Bag-sealing machines under vacuum conditions can be classified, from the point of view of the supply system, in two categories, according to whether they are destined for an exclusively domestic use or for domestic and professional use.
A first category of machines, destined for an exclusively domestic use, comprises machines in which the electric motor and the welding element are supplied at low voltage by a single transformer connected to the general electric voltage supply.
In this category, the performance of the pump in terms of absolute vacuum created in the category is low as the functioning of the pump is slowed down during the welding operation, as part of the power of the supply transformer is absorbed by the welding element.
In order to enable the pump to function at full power even during the welding process, it would be necessary to use a motor and a transformer of large dimensions.
A second category of machines, destined for domestic and professional use, comprises machines for creating a depression in which the electricity grid supply voltage is used for directly supplying the electric motor of the aspiration pump and for supplying a transformer connected to the welding element.
In this case, the electric motor is directly supplied by the electrical supply and thus is not subject to the natural tension reduction that occurs during the welding operation, typical of the machines of the first described category.
In both cases, in order to have optimal welding results the bag has to receive a certain quantity of thermal energy (heat) through the welding element.
The heat energy produced by the welding element is equal to the electrical energy absorbed by the welding element multiplied by the time the electrical power is applied for.
The electrical energy absorbed by the welding element is, as is known, the same as the square of the electrical tension applied to the welding element divided by the value of the electrical resistance of the welding element.
In the above-described machines, the electrical power for effecting the welding is applied for a predefined constant time.
The functioning of the machines described above therefore depends on the tension dispensed by the electricity grid supply for supplying the welding element during the welding of the bags.
The electricity grid supply is however subject to oscillations (in general in Italy there are variations within a range of ±10%) and as a consequence the electrical power absorbed by the welding element varies in accordance with the variations in the supplied tension. The consequences of the oscillations are reflected in the quality of the welding (there might be burns or incomplete weld seams) and in the wear on the welding elements, which also grow proportionally with the seasonal variations in temperature.
To cope with these oscillations in the supply network tension, in traditional systems it is preferred to set slightly longer welding times, or the welding operation is performed more than once, such as not to compromise the aspirating/welding cycle and thus not damage the product.
Alternatively, U.S. Pat. No. 4,941,310 describes a machine for vacuum-sealing bags which comprises a pump for aspirating air from the pack, a motor for activating the pump, a welding bar and a supply circuit for the welding bar which comprises a transformer. The supply circuit of this machine is controlled by an amperometric thermal cut-out switch, not described in its entirety herein, which seems to interrupt supply to the welding bar on reaching a predetermined temperature value, and therefore independently of the electrical energy effectively absorbed by the welding bar from the beginning of the welding operation.
This type of control therefore also has the drawback that the electrical energy supplied to the welding bar can be different from cycle to cycle, especially if these welding cycles are repeated in rapid succession, without giving sufficient time to the welding bar and/or the thermal cut-out switch to cool completely.
Consequently, the welding actions performed with this machine can give different results, sometimes causing an insufficient sealing of the bag or, conversely, sometimes actually burning it.
An aim of the present invention is to obviate the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, with a solution that is simple, rational and relatively inexpensive.
In particular, the invention makes available a machine for sealing vacuum packs, typically bags made of a plastic material and/or aluminium alloys, which comprises:
a pump for aspirating the air from the inside of a pack containing the product to be placed under a depression;
at least one electric motor for actuating the pump, the at least one motor is configured to be powered by an electrical supply;
at least a welding element configured to be placed in contact with the pack, for welding and sealing the pack;
a supply circuit configured to connect the welding element to the electrical supply; and
a control unit configured to control the supply circuit in order to provide electrical energy to the welding element.
In the present invention, the machine further comprises measuring device for measuring a value of a parameter that is indicative of the electrical energy which the supply circuit supplies to the welding element, the measuring device is connected to the control unit, which is configured such as to determine the value of the electrical energy supplied from the start of welding as a function of the measured parameter, and in order to stop supply of the electrical energy to the welding element on reaching a predetermined value of the electrical energy.
As the control unit interrupts the electrical supply to the welding element on reaching a predetermined electrical energy value, the functioning of the welding element is very stable and effective, and obviates the problem of any possible welding errors or damage to the pack, with a considerable saving in terms of electrical energy with respect to the known solutions.
In particular, it has been noted that with a supply tension of above 230V, the machine of the invention achieves the welding of the packs (bags) in a shorter time with respect to traditional machines, while with a supply tension of less than 230V the machine of the invention requires sealing times that are slightly longer but have overall energy consumption that is lower than with traditional machines.
A further advantage of this solution consists in the fact of being able to perform a series of welding cycles in rapid succession, thus always obtaining practically the same results, even when at the beginning of each welding cycle the welding element is still hot from the preceding cycle. Since the resistance of the welding element generally increases with the increase of its temperature, if the welding element is already hot, the tension applied to its ends is greater with respect to a case in which it is cold, and therefore the time required for reaching the predetermined energy level diminishes. In other words, if the welding element is already hot, the time of application of the welding automatically diminishes, enabling effective welding on all occasions while preventing any burning phenomena.
In a preferred aspect of the invention, the measuring device comprises a volt-meter.
In a further aspect, the supply circuit comprises a transformer configured to be supplied by the electricity grid supply, and configured to transform the grid tension into a low-voltage tension for actuating the welding element.
In particular, the electric motor configured to activate the pump is preferably a dual-coil motor and comprises a first coil which functions as a stator coil of the electric motor and a second coil which is electrically insulated from the first coil and functions as a primary coil of the transformer of the supply circuit.
With this solution, and in synergy with the control system of the electrical energy supplied to the welding bar, multiple advantages are obtained.
In particular, with the energy control system a lower tension can be requested of the transformer with respect to the prior art, because the control will automatically increase the welding time so that the desired energy value is reached.
From this it follows that the second motor coil, with a dual coil (i.e. the primary coil of the transformer) can be realized using small-section wires, simply and with contained costs, weights and dimensions.
At the same time, the dual-coil motor enables a significant reduction in the machine's energy consumption (with respect to a case with a separate motor and transformer), as well as providing better cooling both of the motor and the transformer, thus increasing its overall working life.
In this way, a very compact and substantially less expensive machine is also obtained.
In a further aspect of the invention, the machine comprises a first switch arranged in series with the electric motor, which is controlled by the control unit for activating or deactivating the electric motor.
The machine can further comprise a second switch arranged in series with the welding element, which is controlled by the control unit for activating or deactivating the supply to the welding element.
Thanks to these switches, the control unit is effectively able to control the activation and deactivation of the welding element and the pump, independently of one another.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention the machine is provided with a sensor configured to measure the degree of depression generated by the pump internally of the pack, such as effectively to control the functioning thereof.
The invention further makes available a method for controlling the above-mentioned machine for sealing packages in a depression.
This method, in general terms, comprises operating steps of:
activating the pump for aspirating the air from inside a pack;
supplying electrical energy to the welding element via the supply circuit; and
interrupting the functioning of the pump.
In particular, the method of the invention comprises further operating steps of:
establishing a desired value of the electrical energy to be supplied to the welding element during a welding operation;
measuring the value of an electrical parameter indicating the electrical energy supplied to the welding element, typically the electrical tension applied;
calculating the value of the electrical energy effectively supplied to the welding element from the beginning of welding, as a function of the measured value of the above-mentioned electrical parameter; and
interrupting the electrical supply to the welding element, when the value of the electrical energy effectively supplied to the welding element reaches the desired value.
In this way, the supply time of the electrical energy to the welding element varies as a function of the effective value of the electrical energy supplied to the welding element, thus obtaining optimal welding with reduced energy consumption.
In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the control method comprises further steps of:
measuring the depression generated by the pump internally of the pack; and
supplying electrical energy to the welding element once the depression generated by the pump reaches a predetermined value.
In this way, the packing cycle of the products in the bags is effectively respected.
The present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying figures of the drawings, which illustrate a non-limiting embodiment thereof, in which:
In
As can be understood from
The closure of the channel 2 is made hermetic by the use of special seals 52 located both in the cover 51 and in the container 50.
A welding element 5 is located at the end of the cover 51, which is arranged such that when the cover 51 is closed the bag 100 is crushed between the welding element 5 and an underlying abutting element 53 which is located at the end of the container 50.
In this way, the welding element 5 is designed to weld the two parts of the bag 100, sealing the contents.
As illustrated in
The measuring device 8 is arranged in the supply circuit 6, a voltmeter in the illustrated embodiment, able to detect the electrical tension effectively applied to the welding element 5 for actuating it.
In a second embodiment, illustrated in
In both cases, the supply circuit 6 comprises a switch 12 arranged in series with the electric motor 4. It is controlled by the control unit 7 and is closed or opened to activate or deactivate the electric motor 4. A second switch 13 is arranged in the supply circuit 6, in series with the welding element 5, and is closed or opened by the control unit 7 in order to activate or deactivate the supply to the welding element 5.
The measuring device 9 can be present in the channel 2, for measuring the degree of depression applied by the pump, in the illustrated embodiment an adjustable vacuum switch. There can also be a light indicator 10 which is activated by the control unit 7 once the desired value has been reached internally of the bag 100.
In the illustrated embodiment, during the functioning stage of the machine 1 the plastic bag 100 (previously filled with the product to be packed) is placed in the channel 2 and the cover 51 is closed. The control unit 7 activates the functioning of the pump 3 by turning off the switch 12, which leads to the actuation of the electric motor 4. The pump 3 starts aspirating air from the bag 100. If the depression measuring device 9 is present, the value of the depression created in the bag 100 is measured and transmitted to the control unit 7, which, once the predefined depression value has been reached, proceeds to activating the welding element 5 by switching off the switch 13. In this way the stage of welding the bag commences.
The turning-off of the switch 13 enables the heads of the welding element 5 to be supplied with the electricity grid supply.
In general, in order to have an optimal welding the welding element 5 must generate and transfer to the plastic bag 100 sufficient heat energy to produce the welding of the bag 100 itself, without causing any burning; the sufficient heat energy could be, for example, 7 Joules.
The heat energy is equal to the electrical energy supplied to the welding element 5, i.e. equal to the absorbed electrical power of the welding element 5 multiplied by the time of application of the electrical power, from the start of the welding stage up to the end thereof.
The absorbed electrical power of the welding element 5 is the square of the electrical tension applied to the welding element 5, divided by the value of the electrical resistance of the welding element 5.
The fluctuations of the electricity grid supply tension (in Italy these oscillations are in the range of ±10%) create uncertainty in relation to the effective value of the tension applied to the welding element 5. Consequently, in order to reduce the uncertainty of the value of the tension effectively applied and thus on the energy absorbed after a determined time, the control unit 7 of the present invention measures, via the measuring device 8, the effectively-applied tension to the welding element 5. The measured value of the tension is used by the control unit 7 to estimate the electrical power absorbed by the welding element 5 from the start of the welding operation, and the electrical energy effectively used for the welding, and to stop the welding once a predetermined amount of electrical energy has been used, such as to guarantee optimal welding.
The present invention has the advantage of optimizing the welding process by annulling the negative effect of the fluctuation of the electricity grid tension thanks to a measurement of the effective value of the applied tension and a regulation of the welding time as a function of the effective value of the tension applied to the welding element 5.
Further, if a stage of welding begins when the welding element 5 is already hot, for example by effect of a preceding welding operation, the control unit 7 has the advantage of automatically reducing the application time of the welding.
The electrical resistance of the welding element 5 normally varies spontaneously as a function of its temperature, increasing as the temperature increases.
In a case in which the welding element 5 is already hot, the tension applied to its ends will always be greater with respect to a case in which it is initially cold; it follows that the time required for supplying the welding element 5 with the predetermined value of the electrical energy will be automatically reduced.
With the automatic reduction of the supply time to the welding element 5, the control unit 7 constantly guarantees optimal heating of the bag, thus also optimizing the welding and reducing the possibility of causing burns.
It has in particular been observed that thanks to this control system up to 130 welding operations can be performed in rapid succession.
The quantity of electrical energy supplied to the welding element 5 can be programmed and adapted to the use of bags 100 of plastic material having larger or smaller thicknesses.
Further, the life of the resistance of the welding element 5, especially when the grid tension assumes higher values than the rated one, is increased as the invention is based on the concept of constant energy and automatically reduces the welding time.
The embodiment with the dual-coil electric motor 4 further enables the transformer 11 to be integrated with the electric motor 4, thus reducing the size and overall cost of the machine.
Thanks to the use of the dual-coil electric motor 4, the electric consumption is reduced by at least 30% and the efficiency and the average working life of the electric motor 4 of the pump 3 are also increased.
The electric motor 4 with a dual coil considerably increases the power factor (cos φ) of the system, and reduces the electrical consumption of the machine (with respect to a case of a separate motor and transformer), as well as obtaining a better cooling of both the motor and the transformer, and thus increasing the overall duration.
In addition, the functioning of the control unit 7 is such that a tension can be requested of the transformer which is much lower than in the prior art, as the control unit 7 will in any case increase the welding time in order to reach the desired energy value.
It follows that the second coil of the dual-coil electric motor 4 (i.e. the primary coil of the transformer) can be made with small-section wires, and thus is simple and has contained costs, weights and dimensions.
Obviously a technical expert in the sector might make numerous modifications of a technical-application nature to the machine 1 and the relative control method, without their forsaking the ambit of protection of the invention as it is claimed herein below.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| RE2010A000042 | May 2010 | IT | national |
