Patent Application
20210264321
This disclosure relates to the technical field of data communications and more particularly to a machine learning model registry.
According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a machine learning model registry system is disclosed. The machine learning model registry system may be utilized to deploy a first version of a machine learning model and a first version of an access module to server machines. The first version of the machine learning model and the first version of the access module interoperate on each of the server machines to provide a prediction service. The prediction service is provided to users who operate client machines. In one example embodiment, server machines provide the prediction service to predict a home price. For example, the prediction service may predict a home price responsive to receiving an estimate of square footage of a home and an address identifying a location of the home.
The machine learning model registry system may periodically generate a new version of the machine learning model based on training data that has been updated and/or based on actual data that has been updated. Further, the machine learning model registry system may receive a new version of the machine learning model from a client machine (e.g., comprising modifications). In one example embodiment, the machine learning model registry system performs an acceptance test of the new (e.g., second) version of the machine learning model before deployment. For example, the machine learning model registry system performs validation of the second version of the machine learning model based on one or more criteria. The machine learning model registry system performs the validation to identify whether the second version of the machine learning model is deployable.
In one example embodiment, the machine learning model registry system provides a user interface to allow a user to compare the performance of the first version of the machine learning model with the second version of the machine learning model. The comparison may facilitate a user decision about whether to update the prediction service with the second version of the machine learning model. The user may utilize the user interface to deploy the second version of the machine learning model. If the user decides to deploy the second version of the machine learning model, then the user may utilize the user interface to promote the second version of the machine learning model. For example, the user may request the machine learning model registry system to promote the second version of the machine learning model. The machine learning model registry system responds to the request by: 1) automatically identifying the first version of the access module interoperating with the second version of the machine learning model, and 2) automatically deploying the first version of the access module and the second version of the machine learning model to the server machines to provide the prediction service based on the second version of the machine learning model and the first version of the access module.
The machine learning model registry system may further receive a second version of the access module while a first version of a machine learning model is deployed. For example, a user committing a second version of the access module to a source control system causes the machine learning model registry system to perform an acceptance test of the second version of the access module and to deploy the second version of the access module responsive to identifying the acceptance test as passing. For example, the machine learning model registry system performs the acceptance test based on one or more criteria. In one example embodiment, the machine learning model registry system includes an acceptance test that: 1) automatically identifies whether the second version of the access module interoperates with the first version of the machine learning model, and 2) automatically deploys the second version of the access module and the first version of the machine learning model to the server machines to provide the prediction service based on the first version of the machine learning model and the second version of the access module.
The networked system 120 is communicatively coupled to one or more client devices such as client device 122. Each of the client devices 122 may be utilized to generate and submit a new version of the machine learning model 123 to a machine learning model registry 125 (e.g., model registry), generate and submit a new version the access module 121 to the machine learning model registry 125, or utilize the application processing interface service to request predictions. The client device 122 includes a web client 124 and one or more client applications 126. The client device 122 may comprise, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistants (PDA), smart phone, tablet, ultrabook, netbook, laptop, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronic, game console, set-top box (STB), computer in a vehicle, or any other communication device that a user may utilize to access the networked system 120. In some embodiments, the client device 122 may comprise a display module (not shown) to display information (e.g., in the form of user interfaces). In further embodiments, the client device 122 may comprise one or more of touch screens, accelerometers, gyroscopes, cameras, microphones, global positioning system (GPS) devices, and so forth.
The various server machines and client devices are interconnected over a network. One or more portions of the network may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), a portion of the Internet, a portion of the public switched telephone network (PSTN), a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a WiFi network, a WiMax network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks.
The client device 122 may access the various data and applications provided by other entities in the networked system 120 via web client 124 (e.g., a browser, such as the Internet Explorer® browser developed by Microsoft® Corporation of Redmond, Wash. State) or one or more client applications 126. The client device 122 may include one or more client applications 126 (also referred to as “apps”) such as, but not limited to, a web browser, messaging application, electronic mail (email) application, an e-commerce site application, a mapping or location application, an online home buying and selling application, a real estate application, and the like.
In some embodiments, one or more client applications 126 may be included in a given one of the client device 122, and configured to locally provide the user interface and at least some of the functionalities, with the client applications 126 configured to communicate with other entities in the networked system 120, on an as needed basis, for data and/or processing capabilities not locally available (e.g., access location information, access market information related to homes, to authenticate a user, to verify a method of payment, etc.). Conversely, one or more client applications 126 may not be included in the client device 122, and then the client device 122 may use its web browser to access the one or more applications hosted on other entities in the networked system 120.
The networked system 120 includes a training server machine 128, a distributed server machine 130, a registry server machine 132, an API service server machine 134, and an API server machine 127. At operation “1,” the training server machine 128 receives a machine learning model 123 from a client device 122. The training server machine 128 trains the machine learning model 123. For example, the training server machine 128 may include a scheduler module 135 (e.g., cron job) that periodically executes to train the machine learning models 123. The scheduler module 135 trains the machine learning models 123 based on training data information (e.g., sample data) to make predictions or decisions without the machine learning models 123 being explicitly programmed to perform the task. Machine learning is related to computational statistics, which focuses on making predictions using computers as is known in the art of machine learning.
At operation “2,” the scheduler module 135 executes to train the machine learning models 123 to generate machine learning model 123 artifacts. The cron job may train the machine learning models 123 based on training data or actual data. For example, the cron job identifies and trains machine learning models 123 that were recently received by the machine learning model registry 125 or previously stored in the machine learning model registry 125. The cron job executes to train machine learning models 123 based on training data or actual data that has been updated. For example, the cron job executes to train existing or machine learning models 123 that are new based on training data or actual data that was recently received (e.g., updated or new training data, updated or new actual data, etc.).
At operation “3,” the training service machine 128 validates the machine learning model 123. For example, the cron job validates the machine learning model 123 that has been trained based on one or more criteria. In one embodiment, the cron job validates a machine learning model 123 by comparing the machine learning model 123 that is being validated with a previously trained machine learning model 123 based on predetermined criteria. For example, the validation compares coefficients of the machine learning model 123 that is being validated with the coefficients of the previously trained machine learning model 123 being utilized as a benchmark to determine whether the coefficients of the machine learning model 123 that is being validated is within a predetermined range of the coefficients of the machine learning model 123 being utilized as a benchmark.
In addition, the validation may include replaying past prediction requests and monitoring predictions of the machine learning model 123 being validated. For example, the cron job identifies an access module 121 to validate whether the access module 121 properly interoperates with the machine learning model 123 being validated. In one embodiment, the cron job identifies the access module 121 by searching the machine learning model registry 125 to identify an access module 121 that is registered as deployable, registered as associated with the machine learning model 123, and registered as having the same number of features. If the access module 121 is found, the cron job replays past prediction requests to the identified access module 121 that in turn, communicates the requests to the machine learning model 123 being validated that, in turn, generates the predictions. The cron job may compare the distributions of the predictions that are generated by the machine learning model 123 being validated with the distributions of the predictions of the machine learning model 123 being utilized as a benchmark. For example, the cron job may submit the same requests to the respective machine learning models 123 and compare the distributions. If the cron job identifies the predictions as having similar distribution, then the cron job identifies the machine learning model 123 being validated as having passed validation and registers it as deployable. For example, the cron job identifies distributions as being similar based on a means squared error test. The scheduler module 135 (e.g., cron job) communicates the results of the validation including the interoperability test and the prediction test to the registry server machine 132 that, in turn, stores the results (e.g., metadata) in the appropriate elements of machine training information 138 and deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125.
At operation “4,” scheduler module 135 (e.g., cron job), at the training server machine 128, serializes the trained machine learning model 123 and communicates it to the distributed server machine 130. At operation “5,” the scheduler module 135 communicates metadata, including the training data (e.g., training data information) for training the version of the machine learning model 123, to the registry server machine 132. At operation “6,” registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, registers (e.g., stores) the training data information and other metadata (e.g., model identifier, model name information, and the like) as model training information 138 in the machine learning model registry 125. Accordingly, the registry module 140 may be utilized to chronicle different versions (e.g., artifacts) of the machine learning model 123 in the distributed server machine 130 and the machine learning model registry 125. According to one embodiment, a user may interact with user interface service provided by the registry server machine 132 through a Google Remote Procedure Call Application Processing Interface (gRPC API) to promote a version of a machine learning model 123, via the machine learning model registry 125, in the distributed server machine 130.
The distributed server machine 130 provides a distributed and scalable means for storing and retrieving the machine learning models 123 and the access modules 121. The distributed server machine 130 may receive machine learning models 123 from the training server machine 128 and communicate machine learning models 123 to the API service server machines 134. In addition, the distributed server machine 130 may receive access modules 121 from the API server machine 127 and deploy access modules 121 to the API service server machines 134 as directed by the API server machine 127 and the registry server machine 132.
The registry server machine 132 includes a registry module 140 and is communicatively coupled to the machine learning model registry 125. The machine learning model registry 125 may include one or more databases. For example, the one or more databases may be stored in and retrieved from high speed, volatile, and non-volatile storage. In one example, the one or more databases may be stored in a cloud-based storage. The machine learning model registry 125 stores the model training information 138, as previously described, access model information 142, and the deployment information 144. The access model information 142 describes a version of an access module 121, as described further in this disclosure. Each element of the deployment information 144 describes a version of an access module 121 and one or more versions of machine learning models 123 that interoperate with the access module 121, as described further in this disclosure. The registry module 140 receives the model training information 138 from the training server machine 128. For example, the registry module 140 receives the model training information 138 from the training server machine 128 and stores the model training information 138 in the machine learning model registry 125. The registry module 140 receives the access model information 142 from the API server machine 127. For example, the registry module 140 receives the access model information 142 from the API server machine 127 and stores the access model information 142 in the machine learning model registry 125.
The API server machine 127 includes a deploy module 146. At operation “A,” the deploy module 146 receives an access module 121 from a client device 122. For example, the client device 122 may commit the access module 121 to a source control system that, in turn, records the changes made to the corresponding source code, the author, the date of commit, and the like. According to one embodiment, the deploy module 146 utilizes “git,” a distributed version control system utilized to record changes to the deploy module 146 source code. For example, responsive to utilizing “git” to commit an access module 121, “git” returns a “sha” that is utilized as a unique identifier (e.g., the “SHA” or “hash”) for the access module 121. According to an embodiment, the unique identifier is stored in the access module information 142 in the machine learning model registry 125 to uniquely identify the version of the access module 121.
At operation “B” and responsive to committing the access module 121, the deploy module 146 executes an acceptance test of the access module 121. The acceptance test may include a replay request test and an interoperability test. For example, the deploy module 146 may replay previous requests to the access module 121 and monitor its prediction. If the access module 121 fails to generate a prediction or generates a prediction that is not within a predetermined range (e.g., acceptable home prices), then the access module 121 fails the acceptance test. The results of the acceptance test may be stored in an element of the access module information 142 (corresponding to the access module 121) in the machine learning model registry 125. For example, the deploy module 146 may register the access module 121 as deployable in the access module information 142.
At operation “C,” the deploy module 146 performs an interoperability test and registers the results in the corresponding element of the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125. The deploy module 146 may perform the interoperability test by identifying the machine learning models 123 that successfully interoperate with the access module 121. For example, the deploy module 146 may identify the machine learning model 123 candidates that successfully interoperate based on identifying common features, expected predictions, and expected predicted units. If, for example, the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 and the machine learning model 123 candidate as utilizing a different number of features, then the deploy module 146 identifies the machine learning model 123 candidate as not interoperable. If, for example, the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 and the machine learning model 123 candidate operate together to return a prediction not included in a predetermined range, then the deploy module 146 identifies the machine learning model 123 candidate as not interoperable. If, for example, the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 and the machine learning model 123 candidate operate together to return a prediction in an unacceptable unit (e.g., dollars rather than cents), then the deploy module 146 identifies the machine learning model 123 candidate as not interoperable. If, for example, the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 as successfully interoperating with at least one machine learning model 123, then the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 as passing the interoperability test.
At operation “D,” the deploy module 146 communicates the results of the acceptance test to the registry server machine 132 that, in turn, stores the results (e.g., metadata) in the appropriate element of access module information 142 and the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125. If the deploy module 146 identifies the access module 121 as passing the replay request test, then the deploy module causes the access module 121 to be registered as deployable in the appropriate element of access module information 142 in the machine learning model registry 125. In addition, if the deploy module identifies the access module 121 as passing the interoperability test, then the deploy module causes the access module 121 to be registered as deployable in the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125 and as interoperating with the identified machine learning models 123 in the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125.
The registry server machine 132 further provides a user interface for the client devices 122. The user interface may be utilized to compare the performances of different versions of a machine learning model 123 and different machine learning models 123. In addition, if the user wants to update the prediction service with a new version of the machine learning model 123, then the user may execute a “promote” command. The promote command receives a machine learning model identifier that identifies the machine learning model 123 and a version of the machine learning model 123 that, in turn, is communicated to the machine learning model registry system 118 that, in turn, automatically identifies a version of an access module 121 that interoperates with the identified version of the machine learning model 123 and deploys the identified version of the access module 121 and the identified version of the machine learning model 123 to one or more API service server machines 134, as described further below.
At operation “X,” the registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, responds to an execution of the “promote” command by automatically identifying a version of the access module 121 that interoperates with the version of the machine learning model 123 that is being promoted. For example, the registry module 140 may receive a model name (e.g., model name information) and model version (e.g., model version identifier) via the user interface and automatically search the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125 to identify the appropriate access module 121. According to an embodiment, the registry module 140 identifies the appropriate access module 121 by matching the received model version identifier in the deployment information 144 that, in turn, associates the matched model version identifier to the access module 121 (e.g., access module version identifier).
At operation “Y,” the registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, responds to an execution of the “promote” command by automatically deploying the machine learning model 123 identified with the promote command and the access module 121 identified via the deployment information 144 in the machine learning model registry 125 to the API server machines 134. For example, the registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, deploys the appropriate machine learning model 123 and the appropriate access module 121 to the one or more API service server machines 134 to provide the prediction service.
At operation “Z,” the one or more API service server machines 134 provide the prediction service based on the promoted version of the machine learning model 123 and the identified version of the access module 121 that were deployed together. According to one embodiment, the scheduler module 135, the registry module 140, and the deploy module 146 execute on the same server machine (e.g., registry server machine 132). According to one embodiment, the scheduler module 135, the registry module 140, the deploy module 146, the access module 121 and the machine learning model 123 execute on the same server machine (e.g., registry server machine 132). According, to one embodiment, the above operations may be executed on a single server machine (e.g., registry server machine 132).
At operation 304, the training server machine 128 trains (e.g., retrains) the machine learning model 123 to generate a second version of the machine learning model 123. For example, the training server machine 128 may receive an updated version of the machine learning model 123, updated training data information 226, or updated hyperparameter information 230 and so forth. According to an embodiment, a cron job, executing at the training server machine 128, retrains the machine learning model 123 by utilizing the updated version of the machine learning model 123 and/or by utilizing the updated training data information 226 and/or by utilizing the updated hyperparameter information 230 to generate the second version (e.g., “Version 02”) of the machine learning model 123.
At operation 306, the training server machine 128 validates the second version (e.g., “Version 02”) of the machine learning model 123 to identify that the second version of the machine learning model 123 is deployable. For example, the “cron job” validates the machine learning model 123 by comparing the machine learning model 123 with a machine learning model 123 being utilized as a benchmark based on predetermined criteria, as previously described.
At operation 308, the registry server machine 128 promotes the second version of the machine learning model 123. For example, the registry server machine 128 promotes the second version of the machine learning model 123 responsive to receiving a “promote” command from a user via the user interface to promote the second version of the machine learning model 123. Responsive to receiving the “promote” command, the registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, automatically identifies the first version of the access module 121 as being interoperable with the second version of the machine learning model 123 and automatically deploys the first version of the access module and the second version of the machine learning model to multiple API service server machines 134. These operations are further described in method 350 on
At operation 354, the registry module 140, at the registry server machine 132, responds to an execution of the “promote” command by automatically deploying the identified version of the access module 121 and the identified version of the machine learning model 123. For example, the registry server machine 132 may deploy the identified version of the access module 121 and the identified version of the machine learning model 123 to one or more API service server machines 134 identified as providing the prediction service.
The input boxes for selecting a model may be utilized to identify a machine learning model 123 that has been trained (e.g., a machine learning model artifact). The input boxes to select the model include a namespace input box 416, a model type input box 418, and a model version input box 419. The namespace input box 416 may be utilized to select a model name from the model name information 202 in the machine learning model 123. The model type input box 418 may be utilized to select a model type from model type information 204 in the machine learning model 123. The model version input box 419 may be utilized to select a model version number from the model version identifier 220 in the machine learning model 123.
The input boxes for selecting filters may include a date range input box 420, an environmental input box 422, a name input box 424, a created by input box 426, and a logical comparison input box 428. The date range input box 420 may be utilized to select a date range to plot the predictions in the graph. The environmental input box 422 may be utilized to select a hyperparameter from the hyperparameter information 230 in the machine learning model 123 to plot the predictions in the graph. The name input box 424 may be utilized to select a name to label the graph. The created by input box 426 may be utilized to select a user-name to label the graph. The logical comparison input box 428 may be utilized to select elements (e.g., cities) for plotting the predictions in the graph. Other elements for logically comparing may include states, counties, countries, regions, and so forth.
The input boxes for selecting a graph may include a metrics input box 430 and a parameters input box 432. The metrics input box 430 may be utilized to select a metric from performance metrics information 232 in the machine learning model 123 for plotting the predictions in the graph. The parameters input box 432 may be utilized to select a hyperparameter from hyperparameter information 230 in the machine learning model 123 to plot the predictions in the graph.
The date information 454 includes creation dates for the candidate model and the benchmark model. The candidate model may include the machine learning model 123 being validated. The benchmark model may include the machine learning model 123 being utilized for comparisons in the validation.
The error information 454 displays the type of error causing the validation to fail. For example, the error information displays a “COEFFICIENT SHIFT” indicating one of the coefficients of the machine learning model 123 candidate was not included in a predetermined range. The row information 458 may display additional information regarding the error. For example, the row information 458 displays dissimilar square footage coefficients (e.g., “SQ FT”). The machine learning model 123 candidate entitled “Home Valuation—Linear Regression—Version 25 Model” failed validation because the square footage coefficient (e.g., 100) for the machine learning model 123 candidate is identified as being dissimilar from a square footage coefficient (e.g., 80) for the benchmark machine learning model 123. According to an embodiment, a dissimilar square footage coefficient may be defined as a candidate square footage coefficient that is identified as not being included in a predetermined range of square footage coefficients defined by a lower limit=(benchmark square footage coefficient−X) (e.g., 70=80−10) and an upper limit=benchmark square footage coefficient+X (e.g., 90=80+10).
The modules, methods, engines, applications, and so forth described in conjunction with
Software architectures are used in conjunction with hardware architectures to create devices and machines tailored to particular purposes. For example, a particular hardware architecture coupled with a particular software architecture will create a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet device, or so forth. A slightly different hardware and software architecture may yield a smart device for use in the “internet of things,” while yet another combination produces a server computer for use within a cloud computing architecture. Not all combinations of such software and hardware architectures are presented here, as those of skill in the art can readily understand how to implement the disclosure in different contexts from the disclosure contained herein.
In the example architecture of
The operating system 2014 may manage hardware resources and provide common services. The operating system 2014 may include, for example, a kernel 2028, services 2030, and drivers 2032. The kernel 2028 may act as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 2028 may be responsible for memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, security settings, and so on. The services 2030 may provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 2032 may be responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 2032 may include display drivers, camera drivers, Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on the hardware configuration.
The libraries 2016 may provide a common infrastructure that may be utilized by the applications 2020 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries 2016 typically provide functionality that allows other software modules to perform tasks in an easier fashion than to interface directly with the underlying operating system 2014 functionality (e.g., kernel 2028, services 2030, and/or drivers 2032). The libraries 2016 may include system 2034 libraries (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematic functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 2016 may include API libraries 2036 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as moving picture experts group (MPEG) 4, H.264, MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer (MP3), augmentative and alternative communication (AAMC), adaptive multi-rate audio codec (AMR), joint photography experts group (JPG), or portable network graphics (PNG)), graphics libraries (e.g., an Open Graphics Library (OpenGL) framework that may be used to render two dimensional (2D) and three dimensional (3D) graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., Structured Query Language (SQL), SQLite that may provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that may provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 2016 may also include a wide variety of other libraries 2038 to provide many other APIs to the applications 2020 and other software components/modules.
The frameworks 2018 (also sometimes referred to as middleware) may provide a higher-level common infrastructure that may be utilized by the applications 2020 and/or other software components/modules. For example, the frameworks/middleware 2018 may provide various graphical user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 2018 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications 2020 and/or other software components/modules, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system 2014 or platform.
The applications 2020 include built-in applications 2040 and/or third party applications 2042. Examples of representative built-in applications 2040 may include, but are not limited to, a contacts application, a browser application, a book reader application, a location application, a media application, a messaging application, and/or a game application. Third party applications 2042 may include any of the built-in applications as well as a broad assortment of other applications 2020. In a specific example, the third party application 2042 (e.g., an application developed using the Android™ or iOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform) may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system 2014 such as iOS™, Android™, Windows® Phone, or other mobile operating systems 2014. In this example, the third party application 2042 may invoke the API calls 2024 provided by the mobile operating system such as the operating system 2014 to facilitate functionality described herein.
The applications 2020 may utilize built-in operating system functions (e.g., kernel 2028, services 2030, and/or drivers 2032), libraries (e.g., system libraries 2034, API libraries 2036, and other libraries 2038), and frameworks/middleware 2018 to create user interfaces to interact with users of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems, interactions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such as the presentation layer 2044. In these systems, the application/module “logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/module that interact with a user.
Some software architectures 2002 utilize virtual machines. In the example of
The machine 2100 may include processors 2110, memory/storage 2130, and I/O components 2150, which may be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus 2102. In an example embodiment, the processors 2110 (e.g., a CPU, a reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processor, a complex instruction set computing (CISC) processor, a graphics processing unit (GPU), a digital signal processor (DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), a radio-frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), another processor, or any suitable combination thereof) may include, for example, a processor 2112 and a processor 2114 that may execute the instructions 2116. The term “processor” is intended to include multi-core processors 2110 that may comprise two or more independent processors 2110 (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute the instructions 2116 contemporaneously. Although
The memory/storage 2130 may include a memory 2132, such as a main memory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit 2136, both accessible to the processors 2110 such as via the bus 2102. The storage unit 2136 and memory 2132 store the instructions 2116, embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 2116 may also reside, completely or partially, within the memory 2132, within the storage unit 2136, within at least one of the processors 2110 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 2100. Accordingly, the memory 2132, the storage unit 2136, and the memory of the processors 2110 are examples of machine-readable media.
As used herein, “machine-readable medium” means a device able to store the instructions 2116 and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but not be limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage (e.g., erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM)), and/or any suitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store the instructions 2116. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., instructions 2116) for execution by a machine (e.g., machine 2100), such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the machine (e.g., processors 2110), cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludes signals per se.
The I/O components 2150 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 2150 that are included in a particular machine 2100 will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines 2100 such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the I/O components 2150 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further example embodiments, the I/O components 2150 may include biometric components 2156, motion components 2158, environmental components 2160, or position components 2162 among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 2156 may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram based identification), and the like. The motion components 2158 may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environmental components 2160 may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas sensors to detect concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 2162 may include location sensor components (e.g., a GPS receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 2150 may include communication components 2164 operable to couple the machine 2100 to a network 2180 or devices 2170 via a coupling 2182 and a coupling 2172, respectively. For example, the communication components 2164 may include a network interface component or other suitable device to interface with the network 2180. In further examples, the communication components 2164 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, near field communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 2170 may be another machine 2100 or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a USB).
Moreover, the communication components 2164 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 2164 may include radio frequency identification (RFID) tag reader components, NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 2164, such as location via IP geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
In various example embodiments, one or more portions of the network 2180 may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a VPN, a LAN, a WLAN, a WAN, a WWAN, a MAN, the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the PSTN, a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, the network 2180 or a portion of the network 2180 may include a wireless or cellular network and the coupling 2182 may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or another type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling 2182 may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT), Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology, General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX), Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long range protocols, or other data transfer technology.
The instructions 2116 may be transmitted or received over the network 2180 using a transmission medium via a network interface device (e.g., a network interface component included in the communication components 2164) and utilizing any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols (e.g., hypertext transfer protocol (HTTP)). Similarly, the instructions 2116 may be transmitted or received using a transmission medium via the coupling 2172 (e.g., a peer-to-peer coupling) to the devices 2170. The term “transmission medium” shall be taken to include any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying the instructions 2116 for execution by the machine 2100, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such software.
Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.
Although an overview of the inventive subject matter has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure. Such embodiments of the inventive subject matter may be referred to herein, individually or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any single invention or inventive concept if more than one is, in fact, disclosed.
The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specific illustrative configurations. Other allocations of functionality are envisioned and may fall within a scope of various embodiments of the present disclosure. In general, structures and functionality presented as separate resources in the example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or resource. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single resource may be implemented as separate resources. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within a scope of embodiments of the present disclosure as represented by the appended claims. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/981,679, filed Feb. 26, 2020, which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62981679 | Feb 2020 | US |
