Patent Application
20150241658
The present application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. §119 to Japanese Patent Application No. 2014-036880 filed on Feb. 27, 2014. The above application is hereby expressly incorporated by reference, in its entirety, into the present application.
1. Technical Field
The present invention is related to a macro lens system suited for electronic cameras such as digital cameras, video cameras, broadcast cameras, and security cameras, and an imaging apparatus equipped with the macro lens system.
2. Background Art
There are conventional macro lens systems having close distance imaging at imaging magnification ratios of approximately 1× as their main purpose.
These macro lens systems are capable of continuously focusing when imaging an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance at which the imaging magnification ratio is approximately 1×. The macro lens systems are particularly designed to obtain high optical performance during imaging of objects at close distances.
Generally, the floating focus method, in which two or more lens groups are moved during focusing operations, is employed in order to suppress variations in aberration accompanying the focusing operations.
Conventionally, the front focusing type of focusing operation, in which the lens group most toward the object side is driven forward, had been utilized. However, in the case that an object at a most proximate distance is imaged, the lens will approach the object, and therefore operability deteriorates. In addition, in the case that a first lens group having a large diameter is moved, high speed focusing becomes difficult because the weight of the first lens group is great. In addition, there was a problem that in the case that close distance imaging at approximately 1× magnification is performed, longitudinal chromatic aberrations become great.
Recently, imaging lenses that adopt the floating focus method, in which a first lens group is fixed and focusing operations are performed by moving a plurality of other lens groups, are being employed. Further, focusing methods that move three or more lens groups in order to further suppress variations in aberration due to focusing operations have been proposed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication Nos. 2012-058682 and 2011-048232.
The focusing method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-058682 requires a large number of lenses, resulting in the weight of the lens system itself becoming great, which is inconvenient from the viewpoint of portability.
The focusing method disclosed in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-048232 employs a lens system which has a small number of lenses and is comparatively light, but still cannot be said to be compact.
The object of the present invention is to provide a miniature macro lens system having an imaging magnification of approximately 1× that favorably corrects chromatic aberrations even when imaging at close distances, and an imaging apparatus equipped with the macro lens system.
A macro lens system of the present invention consists essentially of, in this order from an object side:
a first lens group having a positive refractive power;
a second lens group having a negative refractive power;
a third lens group having a positive refractive power;
a fourth lens group having a positive refractive power;
a fifth lens group having a positive refractive power; and
a sixth lens group having a negative refractive power; and is characterized by:
the first lens group consisting essentially of three lenses; and the second lens group, the fourth lens group, and the fifth lens group being independently moved in the direction of the optical axes thereof when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance.
In the macro lens system of the present invention, it is preferable for a configuration to be adopted, wherein:
the first lens group consists essentially of, in this order from the object side, a cemented lens consisting essentially of a negative lens and a positive lens having a convex cemented surface, and a positive lens.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the first lens group to have at least one positive lens; and for
at least one positive lens to satisfy Conditional Formulae (1) and (2) below:
N1d<1.60 (1)
60.0<ν1d (2)
wherein N1d denotes the refractive index of the positive lens in the first lens group with respect to the d line, and ν1d denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens in the first lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the second lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (3) below:
25.0<ν2dn−ν2dp (3)
wherein ν2dp denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens that forms the cemented lens of the second lens group with respect to the d line, and ν2dn denotes the Abbe's number of the negative lens that forms the cemented lens of the second lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the third lens group to be constituted by a single positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (4) below:
ν3d<30.0 (4)
wherein ν3d denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens of the third lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (5) below:
0.5<f3/f<1.0 (5)
wherein f denotes the focal length when focused on an object at infinity, and f3 denotes the focal length of the third lens group.
In addition, it is preferable for:
at least one surface within the first lens group to be aspherical.
In addition, it is preferable for:
at least one surface within the second lens group to be aspherical.
In addition, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (6) below:
1.0<f4/f<2.0 (6)
wherein f denotes the focal length when focused on an object at infinity, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the fourth lens group and the fifth lens group to be moved along the optical axes thereof toward the object side when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance; and for
the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (7) below:
0.7<D4/D5<1.5 (7)
wherein D4 denotes the amount of focusing movement of the fourth lens group from a state of focus on an object at infinity to a state of focus on an object at a most proximate distance, and D5 denotes the amount of focusing movement of the fifth lens group from a state of focus on an object at infinity to a state of focus on an object at a most proximate distance.
It is preferable for:
the fourth lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens at the side closest to the object side.
In this case, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (8) below:
20<ν4dp−ν4dn (8)
wherein ν4dp denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens that forms the cemented lens of the fourth lens group with respect to the d line, and ν4dn denotes the Abbe's number of the negative lens that forms the cemented lens of the fourth lens group with respect to the d line.
It is preferable for:
the distance between the fourth lens group and the fifth lens group to increase then decrease when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the fourth lens group to have two positive lenses; and for
the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (9) below:
60.0<ν4d (9)
wherein ν4d denotes the average Abbe's number of positive lenses in the fourth lens group with respect to the d line.
It is preferable for:
the total number of lenses that constitute the lens groups that move during focusing operations to be 7 or less.
In addition, it is preferable for:
the first lens group to have at least one positive lens; and for
at least one positive lens to satisfy Conditional formulae (1) and (2-1) below:
N1d<1.60 (1)
65.0<ν1d (2-1).
In addition, it is preferable for:
the second lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (3-1) below:
30.0<ν2dn−ν2dp (3-1).
In addition, it is preferable for:
the third lens group to be constituted by a single positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (4-1) below:
ν3d<25.0 (4-1).
It is preferable for:
the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (5-1) below, and more preferably Conditional Formula (5-2) below:
0.6<f3/f<0.9 (5-1)
0.65<f3/f<0.8 (5-2).
In addition, it is preferable for:
the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (6-1) below:
1.1<f4/f<1.8 (6-1).
In addition, it is preferable for:
the fourth lens group and the fifth lens group to be moved along the optical axes thereof toward the object side when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance; and for
the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (7-1) below, and more preferably Conditional Formula (7-2) below,
0.8<D4/D5<1.3 (7-1)
0.9<D4/D5<1.1 (7-2).
In addition, it is preferable for:
the second lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens, and to satisfy the following conditional formula (8-1), more preferably the following conditional formula (8-2).
25<ν4dp−ν4dn (8-1)
30<ν4dp−ν4dn (8-2)
An imaging apparatus of the present invention is characterized by being equipped with the macro lens system of the present invention.
Note that the term “consists essentially of . . . ” means that the macro lens system may also include lenses that practically do not have any power, optical elements other than lenses such as a stop, a mask, a glass cover, and a filter, mechanical components such as lens flanges, a lens barrel, an imaging element, and a camera shake correcting mechanism, in addition to the lenses listed above as constituent elements.
In addition, the surface shapes and the signs of the refractive powers of the lenses are considered in the paraxial region in cases that aspherical surfaces are included.
The macro lens system of the present invention consists essentially of, in this order from the object side: the first lens group having a positive refractive power; the second lens group having a negative refractive power; the third lens group having a positive refractive power; the fourth lens group having a positive refractive power; the fifth lens group having a positive refractive power; and the sixth lens group having a negative refractive power; and is characterized by: the first lens group consisting essentially of three lenses; and the second lens group, the fourth lens group, and the fifth lens group being independently moved in the direction of the optical axes thereof when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance. Therefore, the macro lens system can be miniaturized, and is capable of favorably correcting chromatic aberrations even when imaging at close distances.
The imaging apparatus of the present invention is equipped with the macro lens system of the present invention. Therefore, the imaging apparatus can be miniaturized, and is capable of obtaining images having high image quality.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.
As illustrated in
When the macro lens system is applied to an imaging apparatus, it is preferable for a glass cover, a prism, and various filters such as an infrared ray cutoff filter and a low pass filter to be provided between the optical system and an imaging surface Sim. Therefore,
Variations in aberration during focusing operations can be suppressed and favorable image focusing performance can be obtained, by configuring the macro lens system with six groups which are, in this order from the object side, positive, negative, positive, positive, positive, and negative, and by independently moving the second lens group G2, the fourth lens group G4, and the fifth lens group 5G in the direction of the optical axes thereof during focusing operations as described above.
In addition, by forming the first lens group G1 with three lenses L11 through L13, the number of lenses having large outer diameters can be suppressed in the first lens group G1, which contributes to miniaturization, cost reduction, and weight reduction.
In the macro lens system of the present embodiment, it is preferable for the first lens group G1 to be constituted by, in this order from the object side, a cemented lens formed by a negative lens L11 and a positive lens L12 having a convex cemented surface toward the object side, and a positive lens L13. By providing such a cemented lens, axial chromatic aberrations can be suppressed across an entire screen. In addition, spherical aberrations can be suppressed by providing the positive lens L13.
In addition, it is preferable for the first lens group to have at least one positive lens, and for at least one positive lens to satisfy Conditional Formulae (1) and (2) below. Conditional Formulae (1) and (2) are formulae related to the refractive index and the Abbe's number of the positive lens of the first lens group G1. By the positive lens satisfying Conditional Formulae (1) and (2), it becomes possible to perform well balanced correction of chromatic aberrations during imaging of objects at infinity and during imaging of objects at close distances. Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by the positive lens satisfying Conditional Formulae (1) and (2-1).
N1d<1.60 (1)
60.0<ν1d (2)
65.0<ν1d (2-1)
wherein N1d denotes the refractive index of the positive lens in the first lens group with respect to the d line, and ν1d denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens in the first lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for the second lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (3) below. Conditional Formula (3) is related to the Abbe's number of the cemented lens in the second lens group G2. By the second lens group satisfying Conditional Formula (3), it becomes possible to perform well balanced correction of chromatic aberrations during imaging of objects at infinity and during imaging of objects at close distances. Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by the second lens group satisfying Conditional Formula (3-1).
25.0<ν2dn−ν2dp (3)
30.0<ν2dn−ν2dp (3-1)
wherein ν2dp denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens that forms the cemented lens of the second lens group with respect to the d line, and ν2dn denotes the Abbe's number of the negative lens that forms the cemented lens of the second lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for the third lens group to be constituted by a single positive lens, and to satisfy Conditional Formula (4) below. Conditional Formula (4) is related to the Abbe's number of the positive lens in the third lens group G3. By the third lens group satisfying Conditional Formula (4), it becomes possible to perform well balanced correction of chromatic aberrations during imaging of objects at infinity and during imaging of objects at close distances. Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by the third lens group satisfying Conditional Formula (4-1).
ν3d<30.0 (4)
ν3d<25.0 (4-1)
wherein ν3d denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens of the third lens group with respect to the d line.
In addition, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (5) below. Conditional Formula (5) is related to the power of the third lens group G3. The power of the third lens group G3 can be prevented from becoming too strong, and spherical aberrations can be favorably corrected, by the power of the third lens group G3 not being less than the lower limit of Conditional Formula (5). In addition, the power of the third lens group G3 can be prevented from becoming too weak, and the outer diameters of the moving lens groups can be kept small, which results in weight reduction and high speed focusing operations, by the power of the third lens group G3 not exceeding the upper limit of Conditional Formula (5). Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by satisfying Conditional Formula (5-1), and more preferably Conditional Formula (5-2) below.
0.5<f3/f<1.0 (5)
0.6<f3/f<0.9 (5-1)
0.65<f3/f<0.8 (5-2)
wherein f denotes the focal length when focused on an object at infinity, and f3 denotes the focal length of the third lens group.
In addition, favorable correction of aberrations will become possible without increasing the number of lenses by forming at least one surface within the first lens group and within second lens group to be aspherical, which contributes to miniaturization and weight reduction of the imaging lens system.
In addition, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (6) below. Conditional Formula (6) is related to the power of the fourth lens group G4. The power of the fourth lens group G4 can be prevented from becoming too strong, and variation in aberrations can be suppressed, by the power of the fourth lens group G4 not being less than the lower limit of Conditional Formula (6). In addition, the power of the fourth lens group G4 can be prevented from becoming too weak, and the amount of movement during focusing operations can be reduced, which results in the total length of the lens system being shortened, by the power of the fourth lens group G4 not exceeding the upper limit of Conditional Formula (6). Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by satisfying Conditional Formula (6-1)
1.0<f4/f<2.0 (6)
1.1<f4/f<1.8 (6-1).
wherein f denotes the focal length when focused on an object at infinity, and f4 denotes the focal length of the fourth lens group.
In addition, it is preferable for the fourth lens group and the fifth lens group to be moved along the optical axes thereof toward the object side when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance, and for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (7) below. Conditional Formula (7) is related to the amounts of movement of the fourth lens group G4 and the fifth lens group G5 during focusing operations. Axial chromatic aberrations can be favorably corrected by the amounts of movement satisfying Conditional Formula (7). Note that more favorable properties can be obtained by the amounts of movement satisfying Conditional Formula (7-1), and more preferably Conditional Formula (7-2) below.
0.7<D4/D5<1.5 (7)
0.8<D4/D5<1.3 (7-1)
0.9<D4/D5<1.1 (7-2)
wherein D4 denotes the amount of focusing movement of the fourth lens group from a state of focus on an object at infinity to a state of focus on an object at a most proximate distance, and D5 denotes the amount of focusing movement of the fifth lens group from a state of focus on an object at infinity to a state of focus on an object at a most proximate distance.
In addition, it is preferable for the fourth lens group to have a cemented lens formed by a negative lens and a positive lens at the side closest to the object side. Thereby, longitudinal chromatic aberration generated as the object distance changes can be favorably corrected.
In this case, it is preferable for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (8) below. Conditional Formula (8) is related to the Abbe's numbers of the lenses that form the cemented lens in the fourth lens group G4. Axial chromatic aberrations can be favorably corrected from imaging an object at infinity to imaging an object at a most proximate distance, by the Abbe's numbers of the lenses satisfying Conditional Formula (8). Note that more favorably properties can be obtained by the Abbe's numbers satisfying Conditional Formula (8-1), and more preferably Conditional Formula (8-2) below.
20<ν4dp−ν4dn (8)
25<ν4dp−ν4dn (8-1)
30<ν4dp−ν4dn (8-2)
wherein ν4dp denotes the Abbe's number of the positive lens that forms the cemented lens of the fourth lens group with respect to the d line, and ν4dn denotes the Abbe's number of the negative lens that forms the cemented lens of the fourth lens group with respect to the d line.
It is preferable for the distance between the fourth lens group and the fifth lens group to increase then decrease when focusing from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance. Thereby, field curvature can be favorably corrected across the entire range from an object at infinity to an object at a most proximate distance.
In addition, it is preferable for the fourth lens group to have two positive lenses, and for the macro lens system to satisfy Conditional Formula (9) below. Conditional Formula (9) is related to the Abbe's number of the positive lenses of the fourth lens group G4. Axial chromatic aberrations and chromatic aberrations of magnification of objects at close distances can be favorably corrected, by the Abbe's numbers of the positive lenses of the fourth lens group G4 satisfying Conditional Formula (9).
60.0<ν4d (9)
wherein ν4d denotes the average Abbe's number of positive lenses in the fourth lens group with respect to the d line.
It is preferable for the total number of lenses that constitute the lens groups that move during focusing operations to be 7 or less. Thereby, the weight of the moving lenses can be reduced, contributing to high speed focusing operations.
In the present macro lens system, a specific preferred material to be placed most toward the object side is glass. Alternatively, a transparent ceramic material may be employed.
In addition, in the case that the present macro lens system is to be utilized in a severe environment, it is preferable for a protective multilayer film coating to be provided. Further, an antireflection coating may be administered in addition to the protective coating, in order to reduce ghost light and the like during use.
In the example illustrated in
Next, the numerical values of Examples of the macro lens system of the present invention will be described.
First, the macro lens system of Example 1 will be described.
Basic lens data of the macro lens system of Example 1 are shown in Table 1, data related to various factors are shown in Table 2, data related to distances among the moving surfaces are shown in Table 3, and data related to aspherical coefficients are shown in Table 4. Hereinafter, the symbols within the tables will be described with reference to those related to Example 1. The same basically applies to tables related to Examples 2 through 5 as well.
In the lens data of Table 1, surface numbers i (i=1, 2, 3, . . . ) that sequentially increase with the surface of the constituent element most toward the object side being designated as 1 are listed in column Si; the radii of curvature of ith surfaces are listed in column Ri; and distances between an ith surface and an i+1st surface are listed in column Di. In addition, refractive indices with respect to the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm) of optical elements j (j=1, 2, 3, . . . ) that sequentially increase with the optical element most toward the object side being designated as 1 are listed in column Ndj; and the Abbe's numbers with respect to the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm) of jth optical elements are listed in column νdj.
Note that the signs of the radii of curvature are positive in cases that the shapes of the surfaces are convex toward the object side, and negative in cases that the shapes of the surfaces are concave toward the object side. The basic lens data also include data regarding the aperture stop St and the optical member PP. The word (stop) is indicated along with the surface number in the row corresponding to the aperture stop St of column Si. In addition, DD[i] is indicated in the rows corresponding to surface distances that change when changing magnification of column Di. In addition, the value in the lowermost row of column Di indicates the distance between the image side surface of the optical member PP and the imaging surface Sim.
Focal lengths f′, back focus values Bf′, F value F No. and full angles of view 2ω for a state when imaging an object at infinity, a state when imaging an object at an intermediate distance, and a state when imaging an object at a most proximate distance are listed as the data related to factors in Table 2.
In the basic lens data, the data related to the factors, and the data related to the distances among the moving surfaces, degrees are employed as the unit of angles, and mm is employed as the unit of length. However, because optical systems may be proportionately enlarged or reduced and utilized, other appropriate units may be employed.
In the lens data of Table 1, the mark “*” is added to surface numbers corresponding to aspherical surfaces, and numerical values of paraxial radii of curvature are listed as the radii of curvature of the aspherical surfaces. The surface numbers Si of the aspherical surfaces and aspherical coefficients related to the aspherical surfaces are listed in Table 4 as the data related to aspherical coefficients. The asperical coefficients are the values of coefficients KA and Am (m=3, 4, 5, . . . , 20) in aspherical formula (A) below.
Zd=C·h
2/{1+(1−KA·C2·h2)1/2}+ΣAm·hm (A)
wherein Zd represents the depth of the aspherical surface (the length of a line drawn from a point of the aspherical surface having a height h to a plane perpendicular to the optical axis that contacts the peak of the aspherical surface), h represents the height (the distance from the optical axis), C represents the reciprocal of the paraxial radius of curvature, and KA and Am represent aspherical coefficients (m=3, 4, 5, . . . , 20).
A through L of
Aberrations having the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm) as a reference wavelength are illustrated in the diagrams that illustrate spherical aberration, astigmatism, and distortions related to the d line (wavelength: 587.6 nm), the C line (wavelength: 656.3 nm), and the F line (wavelength: 486.1 nm) are respectively denoted by solid lines, broken lines, and dotted lines in the diagrams that illustrate spherical aberration. Aberrations in the sagittal direction and the tangential direction are respectively denoted by solid lines and dotted lines in the diagrams that illustrate astigmatism. Aberrations related to the C line (wavelength: 656.3 nm) and the F line (wavelength: 486.1 nm) are respectively denoted by broken lines and dotted lines in the diagrams that illustrate lateral chromatic aberration. Note that “FNo.” denotes F values in the diagrams that illustrate spherical aberrations, and w denotes half angles of view in the diagrams that illustrate other types of aberrations.
Next, a macro lens system of Example 2 will be described.
Next, a macro lens system of Example 3 will be described.
Next, a macro lens system of Example 4 will be described.
Next, a macro lens system of Example 5 will be described.
The values of the macro lens systems of Examples 1 through 5 corresponding to conditional formulas (1) through (9) are shown in Table 21 below. Note that all of the Examples use the d line as a reference wavelength, and the values indicated in Table 21 are obtained at this reference wavelength.
The above data indicates that all of the macro lens systems of Examples 1 through 5 satisfy Conditional Formulae (1) through (8). Further, the macro lens systems of Examples 1 through 3 satisfy Conditional Formula (9). Therefore, it can be understood that the macro lens systems of the Examples are miniature lens systems capable of favorably correcting chromatic aberrations even when imaging objects at close distances.
Next, an imaging apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.
An imaging aperture, into which light from imaging targets enters, is provided in the central portion of the front surface of the camera main body 10. A mount 37 is provided at a position corresponding to the imaging aperture. The mount 37 enables an interchangeable lens 20 to be mounted onto the camera main body 10. The interchangeable lens 20 is a lens barrel in which lens members are housed. An imaging element that outputs image signals corresponding to images of subjects formed by the interchangeable lens 20, such as a CCD, a signal processing circuit that processes the image signals output from the imaging element to generate images, a recording medium for storing the generated images, etc. are provided within the camera main body 10. In this camera, a pressing operation of the shutter release button 32 causes a photography operation of a single frame of a still image to be executed. Image data obtained by photography are stored in the recording medium (not shown) within the camera main body 10.
The camera can be miniaturized as a whole by employing the macro lens system of the present embodiment as the interchangeable lens 20 of the mirrorless interchangeable lens camera. At the same time, images having high image quality, in which chromatic aberrations are favorably corrected even during imaging at close distances, can be obtained.
The present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments and Examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and Examples, and various modifications are possible. For example, the numerical values of the radii of curvature, the surface distances, the refractive indices, the Abbe's numbers, etc. of the lens components are not limited to those exemplified in the above Examples, and may be different values.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2014-036880 | Feb 2014 | JP | national |
