Patent Application
20160243456
This invention relates generally to magnetism and, in particular, to pseudo macroscopic magnetic monopoles and methods of making them.
As the name suggests, a magnetic monopole is a magnetic particle possessing only a single, isolated pole—a north pole without a south pole, or vice versa. Such particles were predicted by Paul Dirac in 1931, but have never been seen in nature. However, an analogue of a long-sought-after particle comprising an isolated magnetic pole has been observed by physicists in the U.S. and Finland. See http://physicsworld.com/cws/article/news/2014/jan/30/magnetic-monopoles-seen-in-the-lab. This latest work does not prove whether or not the unusual particles exist, rather it shows that a physical system described by the underlying mathematics can be created in the lab. The research could also help physicists to gain a better understanding of exotic materials such as superconductors, and even create materials with new and useful properties.
This invention resides in pseudo magnetic monopoles made from a plurality of building blocks. Each building block has one outer surface that is substantially a north magnetic pole and an opposing outer surface that is substantially a south magnetic pole. The building blocks are assembled to form a hollow object having an inner surface and an outer surface, with all of the north or south poles of the building blocks facing outwardly, such that entire outer surface of the object is substantially either north or south.
The building blocks may be magnetized before or after they are assembled to form the hollow object. The hollow object may be a sphere. The building blocks may have tapered side surfaces to minimize gaps between the building blocks when they are assembled to form the hollow object.
The building blocks may be cubes, truncated pyramids, or truncated bodies having a convex outer dome and 3, 5, 6 or more flat sides that converges to a point. A plurality of the assembled pseudo magnetic monopoles may be provides having the same or different magnetized outer surfaces to teach magnetic attraction and/or repulsion principles.
This disclosure describes a magnetic monopole that can easily be fabricated without an accelerator. More particularly, this invention facilitates the construction of pseudo magnetic monopoles by enclosing all of the opposite poles so that they are not detectable on the outside surface of the final object or shape. One magnetic monopole of this invention can be a north pole and the other a south pole, that is a single object that for all practical purposes has just one pole.
A sphere is one possible geometric shape, but the basic monopole design can be implemented using cubes, rectangular objects, and any other object that can have all of the same poles facing outward. In broad and general terms, this invention anticipates a sphere (or other object) covered with magnetic material, and then magnetized using a strong, but spatially small to form magnets with the same pole everywhere on the surface.
One approach to building a sphere is to use a truncated pyramid type shape with 3, 5 or more flat sides and a convex outer dome to approximate a spherical outer surface when assembled. Building blocks with five flat sides may be used to build a sphere that looks like a soccer ball; building blocks with six flat sides may be used to build a sphere that looks like a Buckminsterfullerene (or bucky-ball), a spherical fullerene molecule with the formula C60. Building blocks with mixed shapes can be used to construct a spherical “geodesic dome,” and so forth.
The cubes, wedges or other shapes may be bonded to one another with any suitable adhesive, and other techniques such low-temperature welding may also be used. In the preferred embodiments, however, the same pole of one magnet is not intimately bonded directly to a second magnet, such as gluing two south poles together as the magnets will de-magnetize each other in a short time such as a few hours. However if a small space such as one or two magnet thicknesses are allowed, the de-magnetization will be minimized or not be present.
Typical fabrication can be a non-magnetic sphere with super magnet squares or discs glued on so that the entire surface is covered with magnets with the same pole facing out. This sphere may be covered or coated with a non-magnetic material for robustness. Further it may have the letter S or the word SOUTH in one or more places if it is the south pole variety and conversely the letter N or the word NORTH if it is of that variety.
An alternative method of manufacturing the monopole is to have a closed surface such as a hollow sphere made from a magnetic material and then magnetize it through the thickness with just one magnetic field direction such as moving a very strong magnet with just the north pole against the sphere and move it around so that it magnetizes the entire surface. The inside surface of the sphere will be a north pole everywhere. If edge beveling is used, this is preferably done prior to assembly. “Spear” shapes may be used, coated with magnetic material, then magnetized prior to final assembly.
If the same pole sphere devices are place in a tube, and forced together with a plunger and a pin is placed in the tube to keep them together, when the pin is removed, one or more will come out at a high velocity, nice physics experiment. The invention finds utility as a device to teach what magnetic monopoles are all about.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 62/119,961, filed Feb. 24, 2015, the entire content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62119961 | Feb 2015 | US |
