Disclosed herein is a magazine follower and magazine for use in a firearm. In particular, the magazine follower and magazine disclosed herein enhance the reliability of firearms by consistently actuating the slide lock mechanism of firearms after a last round in the magazine used by the firearm has been fired, extracted, and ejected.
In semiautomatic or automatic firearms, cartridges which are to be fired are commonly stored in a detachable magazine. The magazine defines an enclosure adapted to contain at least one column of cartridges. The cartridges are loaded into the magazine so as to be located atop a magazine follower which engages a lowermost cartridge in the magazine. A magazine spring is included in the magazine and is compressible between the magazine follower and a bottom portion of the magazine so as to bias the follower and loaded cartridges upwardly in the magazine toward an upper open end. An uppermost cartridge from the magazine is loaded into a firing position in the firearm by cooperation with a slide of the firearm.
The slide is adapted to be moveable from an initial firing position rearwardly with respect to the firearm frame, barrel, and magazine and then return forwardly under a spring biasing force. During the returning forward movement of the slide, the slide contacts and strips the uppermost cartridge from the magazine. Under the contact from the slide and the biasing force from the magazine spring, the cartridge moves upwardly with respect to the magazine and forwardly in the firearm, ultimately reaching a firing position in the firing chamber of the firearm.
When a loaded magazine is first placed in the firearm, the slide may be manually cycled to place the first cartridge from the magazine in the firing position. Thereafter, energy from the fired cartridge is used to cycle the slide to eject the casing of the fired cartridge and load the next cartridge from the magazine into the firing chamber. In this manner, each successive shot fired causes the magazine follower and the column of cartridges to incrementally travel upwardly, and each successive cartridge is fed into the firing position in the firearm until no further cartridges remain in the magazine.
A firearm, such as the superlative Model 1911, may be designed so that when the last cartridge from the magazine is fired and the magazine is thus empty, the slide locks open and does not complete its full cycle of movement. This slide locking gives the operator an important visual indication that the magazine is empty. As well, the operator can often tell by feel that the slide has not made its complete cycle to the rear and then back forward. These indications provided by the slide locking in an open position is crucial in a combat, law enforcement, or personal defense setting in which it is not practical for the operator to keep track of the number of cartridges they have fired from a given magazine. The locked open slide informs the operator that the firearm needs to be reloaded.
The slide lock mechanism for locking the slide in the open position when the magazine is empty may include a lever mounted on the firearm frame. This slide lock lever is mounted so that it may move between a locking position in which it catches on a notch or other feature of the slide, and a retracted position in which the slide is free to cycle. The slide lock lever may be biased in some fashion to the retracted position, and, in some firearms, is moved to the locking position by contact with a portion of the magazine follower. In particular, the slide lock lever may include or be connected to a lug which extends through an opening in the firearm frame into the area of the firearm that receives the upper end of the magazine. As the last cartridge is stripped from the magazine, the follower reaches its uppermost position in the magazine under the biasing force of the magazine spring. At this point, contact between a portion of the follower and the slide lock lug forces the slide lock lever toward its extended, locking position. Then, when the last cartridge from the magazine is fired, the slide moves rearwardly under the force of the discharge but is caught in the open position by contact between the slide lock lever and the notch or other locking feature on the slide.
Manufactured items have dimensions subject to tolerances, such that different manufactured items may have different precise dimensions. The tolerances of each constituent component of a magazine, and of the pistol components which interface with the magazine have may significant variations, which in some case result in adverse tolerance stack ups. With pistols which have adverse tolerance stack ups among the components which interface with the magazine assembly, less than a zero tolerance fit between the mag tube and the area of the follower which engages the slide stop can result in a failure to engage the slide stop in order to activate slide lock subsequent to the final round being fired.
The magazine box and follower may also have adverse tolerance stack ups in the side to side fit of the follower to the mag tube. Combining adverse tolerance stack ups with the magazine components and adverse tolerance stack ups with the components of the pistol which interface with the magazine components serves to compound the negative results of adverse tolerances.
Consequently, a new magazine design which provides for reliable operation and dependable slide lock subsequent to the final round being fired, regardless of tolerances, is desirable.
One aspect of the invention disclosed herein is a magazine follower for a firearm. The magazine follower is formed by a base member, with a slide stop actuating structure extending outwardly from the base member and a cartridge engaging structure extending outwardly from the base member. At least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure are resiliently biased in a lateral direction away from a longitudinal axis of the base member so as to be movable between: (1) a compressed position wherein a longitudinal axis of at least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure is laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member, and (2) an uncompressed position where the longitudinal axis of at least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure is not laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member.
Another aspect of the invention disclosed herein is a magazine incorporating the magazine follower described above. In particular, the magazine is formed from a magazine box with a magazine spring within the magazine box. A magazine follower is within the magazine tube and is urged toward an open end of the magazine box by the magazine spring. The magazine follower is formed from a base member extending along a longitudinal axis of the magazine box, a slide stop actuating structure extending outwardly from the base member, and a cartridge engaging structure extending outwardly from the base member.
At least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure are resiliently biased in a lateral direction away from a longitudinal axis of the base member so as to be movable between: (1) a compressed position wherein a longitudinal axis of at least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure is laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member, and (2) an uncompressed position where the longitudinal axis of at least one of the slide stop actuating structure and the cartridge engaging structure is not laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member.
A method aspect of the invention disclosed herein is a method of making an apparatus. This method includes forming a length of metal into a base member with first and second structures extending outwardly therefrom and then resiliently biasing at least one of the first structure and the second structure in a lateral direction away from a longitudinal axis of the base member so as to be movable between: (1) a compressed position wherein a longitudinal axis of at least one of the first structure and the second structure is laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member, and (2) an uncompressed position where the longitudinal axis of at least one of the first structure and the second structure is not laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member.
The magazine follower may form an interference fit with the interior walls of the magazine in three or more locations.
In addition, the cartridge engaging structure and slide stop actuating structure may be resilient in multiple directions, and may be able to be biased or moved upwardly and downwardly, as well as laterally.
In the following detailed description and the attached drawings and appendices, numerous specific details are set forth to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the present disclosure may be practiced, in some instances, without such specific details. In other instances, well-known elements have been illustrated in schematic or block diagram form in order not to obscure the present disclosure in unnecessary detail. Additionally, for the most part, specific details, and the like, have been omitted inasmuch as such details are not considered necessary to obtain a complete understanding of the present disclosure, and are considered to be within the understanding of persons of ordinary skill in the relevant art.
With initial reference to
In greater detail, the magazine 100 is comprised of a magazine box 180 defined by a front sidewall 186 and a rear sidewall 188. A first lateral sidewall 182 and a second lateral sidewall 184 respectively extend between corresponding first and second ends of the front sidewall 186 and rear sidewall 188. A lower sidewall 189 (shown in
A magazine spring 190 (shown in
These retainers 182a, 184a extend inwardly sufficiently to reduce the width at the upper end of magazine box 180 to a width less than the width of cartridges 200. The retainers 182a, 184a thus provide surfaces on either lateral side of magazine box 180 against which the uppermost cartridge 200 is urged by magazine spring 190, and prevent the loaded cartridges from being pushed out of the magazine 100 along the longitudinal axis of the magazine 100. The retainers 182a, 184a are also angled from the front to the rear of magazine box 180 to place the uppermost cartridge 200 at a desired angle to be stripped from the magazine 100 moved into a firing position in the firearm.
The follower 150 is urged toward the open end of the magazine box 180 by the magazine spring 190, which is mechanically coupled to the follower 150 via tab 179 (shown in
Referring additionally to
The base member 152 extends along a longitudinal axis of the magazine box 180, while the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 extend transversally from the base member 152. In the illustrated embodiment, the base member 152 extends at approximately 90° to the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170. However, as should be appreciated, other suitable angles may be used and are fully within the scope of the invention. In particular, it may be desirable for the base member 152 to extend at an obtuse angle with respect to the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 to help maintain those structures at a desired orientation within the magazine box 180. Indeed, this configuration allows a rear surface of the base member 152 to extend approximately parallel to the rear sidewall 188 of the magazine box 180 as the follower 150 travels along the length of the magazine box 180.
The cartridge engaging structure 160 is located above the slide stop actuating structure 170, and is biased resiliently away from the upper surface of the slide stop actuating structure 170 toward the open end of the magazine box 180. The bias is provided by the resiliency in the material from which the cartridge engaging structure 160 is constructed, particularly toward the location at where the cartridge engaging structure 160 joins the base member 152.
The cartridge engaging structure 160 is comprised of a base portion 162 extending from the base member 152, having a width extending approximately across a width of the magazine box 180 between the lateral sidewalls 182, 184, and having a reduced width distal portion 164 extending from the base portion 162 toward the front sidewall 186.
The slide stop actuating structure 170 is comprised of a base portion 172 extending from the base member 152, having a width extending approximately across a width of the magazine box 180 between the lateral sidewalls 182, 184, and having a distal portion 174 extending from the base portion 172 toward the front sidewall 186. The distal portion 174, as it extends from the base portion 172, has a reduced width transitional curved portion, and then expands back to full width. At the tip of the distal portion 174, the shape thereof is generally semicircular in shape, and is bent so as to be angled upward. This bend has an inclination angle of approximately 15° with respect to the base portion 172, providing for an inclined engagement surface with the slide stop. This inclination angle, however, may range from approximately 5° to 20°, depending on the caliber of the cartridges to be used and the particular firearm in which the magazine 100 is intended to be used. Smaller or steeper angles may also be used in some applications.
It should be noted that the length of the cartridge engaging structure 160 is shorter than the length of the slide stop actuating structure 170 so as to prevent the cartridge engaging structure 160 from contacting the upwardly angled portion of the distal portion 174 of the slide stop actuating structure 170 when the cartridge engaging structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 are compressed together by cartridges, as shown in
The cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 are resilient in both an upward and downward direction as well as a lateral direction. In the illustrated embodiment, the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 are resiliently biased in a lateral direction away from a longitudinal axis of the base member 152. This biasing permits the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 to be movable between a compressed position and a relatively uncompressed position. In the compressed position, longitudinal axes of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 are laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member 152. Stated another way, in the compressed position, the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 have longitudinal axes that extend from the base member 152 to the front sidewall 186 of the magazine box 180, and along the length of that extension are equidistant from the lateral sidewalls 182, 184 of the magazine box 180.
In the relatively uncompressed position, longitudinal axes of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 are not laterally perpendicular with respect to the longitudinal axis of the base member 152. Stated another way, in the relatively uncompressed position, the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 have longitudinal axes that extend from the base member 152 to the front sidewall 186 of the magazine box 180, and along the length of that extension are not equidistant from the lateral sidewalls 182, 184 of the magazine box 180.
The cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 are in the relatively uncompressed position in the magazine box 180, which serves to urge the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 into a canted position within the magazine tube 180. This canted position results in an interference fit being formed between some portions of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 and the magazine box 180, and a non-interference fit being formed between some portions of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and slide stop actuating structure 170 and the magazine box 180.
In particular, the following interference fits or contact point are formed: at point 158, the slide stop actuating structure 170 contacts the lateral sidewall 184 of the magazine box 180; at point 168, the cartridge engaging structure 160 contacts the lateral sidewall 184 of the magazine box 180; and at point 178, the slide stop actuating structure 170 contacts the lateral sidewall 182.
The contact point 158 is between a transition between the base portion 172 and the distal portion 174 of the slide stop actuating structure 170 and the lateral sidewall 184. In greater detail, this contact point 158 may be between at least a portion of the sidewall 176 of the slide stop actuating structure 170 and the lateral sidewall 184.
The contact point 168 is between a transition between the base portion 162 and distal portion 164 of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and the lateral sidewall 184. In greater detail, this contact point 168 may be between at least a portion of the sidewall 166 of the cartridge engaging structure 160 and the lateral sidewall 184.
The contact point 178 is between a tip of the distal portion 174 of the slide stop actuating structure 170 and the lateral sidewall 182. In greater detail, this contact point 178 may be between at least a portion of the sidewall 176 of the slide stop actuating structure 170 and the lateral sidewall 182.
It should be appreciated that although three specific contact points 158, 168, and 178 have been described, the follower 150 may be constructed such that the base member 152, the cartridge engagement structure 160, and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may contact the magazine tube 180 at any desired points. Indeed, any number of points, at any location or locations on the base member 152, the cartridge engagement structure 160, and the slide stop actuating structure 170, may contact anywhere on the magazine tube 180.
It should also be appreciated that while the base member 152, cartridge engagement structure 160, and the slide stop actuating structure 170 are each shown as having contact points with the magazine tube 180, that need not be the case, and that in some applications but one of the base member 152, cartridge engagement structure 160, and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may contact the magazine tube 180.
Also, while the base member 152, the cartridge engagement structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 are described as being biased or canted in a same direction, it should be appreciated that they need not be, and that in some applications the base member 152, the cartridge engagement structure 160, and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may be biased or canted in opposite directions. Moreover, while in some applications the longitudinal axes of the cartridge engagement structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may be laterally aligned with one another, in other applications that need not be the case, and the longitudinal axes of the cartridge engagement structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may not be laterally aligned with one another. Also, in some applications, one of the base member 152, the cartridge engagement structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 may unbiased or uncanted, while the other(s) are biased or canted.
The advantages provided by the above described magazine 100 and follower 150 are numerous. One advantage provided is that when the magazine 100 is empty of cartridges, a portion of the slide stop actuating structure 170 protrudes out from the magazine box 180, as perhaps best shown in
In addition, as should be understood, manufactured items typically do not have identical dimensions, and are instead manufactured such that their dimensions fit within a set of tolerances. The way in which the cartridge engagement structure 160 and the slide stop actuating structure 170 are biased such that portions thereof are urged into an interference fit with the magazine tube 180 provides a self adjustment mechanism, adjusting the fit to match the specific dimensions and tolerance of a given magazine tube 180, providing for consistent function and performance between different manufactured units.
A zero tolerance fit between all peripheral surfaces of the follower 150 and the magazine box 180 is seldom desirable and/or seldom practical in the event of a build up of power fouling within the magazine box 180, or if foreign debris enters the inside of the magazine box 180. The follower 250 described herein possesses the advantages provided by a zero tolerance fit, yet not the disadvantages thereof by having both interference and non-interference fit points with the magazine box 180.
Controlling and biasing one or more of the contact points 158, 168, and 178 not only continues to allow free/smooth movement of the follower 150 within the magazine box 180, but also allows one or more of the contact points 158, 168, and 178 to be biased into locations which yield improved reliability of function where interface of the follower 150 occurs with other pistol components such as the slide stop.
It should be appreciated that these contact points 158, 168, and 178, or any contact points, can be facilitated, tuned, and adjusted with various shapes such as flat surfaces, radiused/rounded lobes, single sharp tips, concaves, convex, etc.
The follower 150 may be integrally formed as a monolithic unit. That is, the follower may be formed from a single piece of material, such as spring steel that is trimmed and bent into the proper shape. Other methods of construction of the follower 150 are intended to be within the scope of this disclosure.
Referring particularly to
Although the preceding description has been described herein with reference to particular means, materials and embodiments, it is not intended to be limited to the particulars disclosed herein; rather, it extends to all functionally equivalent structures, methods, and uses, such as are within the scope of the appended claims.
This application is a non-provisional claiming priority to U.S. App. No. 62/296,912 filed Feb. 18, 2016, entitled Magazine Follower for Enhancing Reliability of Firearms and Firearm Magazines, the disclosure of which is incorporated by reference in its entirety.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1833862 | Schmeisser | Nov 1931 | A |
1878039 | Von Frommer | Sep 1932 | A |
2296729 | Mossberg | Sep 1942 | A |
2870561 | Colby | Jan 1959 | A |
3222810 | Musgrave | Dec 1965 | A |
3399480 | Rowe, Jr. | Sep 1968 | A |
3453762 | Fremont | Jul 1969 | A |
3516189 | Lewis et al. | Jun 1970 | A |
3711981 | Seecamp | Jan 1973 | A |
3732643 | Wells | May 1973 | A |
3854232 | Musgrave | Dec 1974 | A |
4446645 | Kelsey, Jr. | May 1984 | A |
4825744 | Glock | May 1989 | A |
4970818 | Vecchieschi | Nov 1990 | A |
5014456 | Kurtz | May 1991 | A |
5168648 | Brandl et al. | Dec 1992 | A |
5438783 | Sniezak et al. | Aug 1995 | A |
5615505 | Vaid | Apr 1997 | A |
6560907 | Vieweg | May 2003 | B1 |
6952894 | Vieweg | Oct 2005 | B1 |
7200963 | Vieweg | Apr 2007 | B1 |
7318294 | Zimmermann | Jan 2008 | B2 |
8650787 | McCormick | Feb 2014 | B2 |
9170062 | Corso | Oct 2015 | B2 |
9772153 | Findlay | Sep 2017 | B1 |
10183361 | McCormick | Jan 2019 | B2 |
20100101132 | Jacobson | Apr 2010 | A1 |
20100281737 | Cahill | Nov 2010 | A1 |
20110173856 | McCormick | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20120124879 | Larue | May 2012 | A1 |
20120167428 | Watermann et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20130086834 | Battaglia | Apr 2013 | A1 |
20170205169 | Parker | Jul 2017 | A1 |
20180010872 | Parker | Jan 2018 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
418191 | Aug 1925 | DE |
601941 | Aug 1934 | DE |
875222 | Aug 1961 | GB |
WO-2008137187 | Nov 2008 | WO |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20170241726 A1 | Aug 2017 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
62296912 | Feb 2016 | US |