This application is a national stage application under 35 U.S.C. 371 of International Application No. PCT/GB2018/052538, filed Sep. 7, 2018, which claims the priority of United Kingdom Application No. 1714771.1, filed Sep. 14, 2017, the entire contents of each of which are incorporate herein by reference.
The present disclosure relates to salts of magnesium. Additionally, the present disclosure relates the use of the magnesium salts as electrolytes in a cell or battery.
The drive to increase power densities of rechargeable batteries past those currently accessible in established lithium-ion cells for portable electronics has brought about increased interest in developing multivalent battery systems with superior theoretical energy densities. In particular, considerable research focus has been placed on magnesium-ion cells owing to the high theoretical volumetric energy density of magnesium metal anodes as well as potential safety, cost, and environmental benefits. Lithium-ion cells can also form Li dendrites, which have been found to cause short circuiting and dangerous thermal runaway. Magnesium does not readily form dendrites over multiple charge cycles. Furthermore, magnesium is highly earth-abundant and has a lower costs of production than lithium, and magnesium metal can be used directly as an anode material.
Despite being an attractive alternative to lithium-ion technology, development of magnesium-ion systems continues to be limited by a lack of electrolyte systems that are stable at both the magnesium anode and cathode materials that operate at potentials greater than 3.5 V. Many established magnesium-ion electrolyte systems gradually decompose at the electrode surfaces and result in magnesium-impermeable layers that passivate the electrodes. Additionally, many high-voltage electrolytes (stable to at least 3.4 V) are chloride-containing and are thought to result in the corrosion of common battery components such as stainless steel. Accordingly, new directions in magnesium-ion electrolyte development have focused on the synthesis and use of chloride-free salts.
It has been recognised theoretically that alkaline earth metals such as magnesium could be used as electrolyte solutions in electrochemical cells and batteries. Magnesium is both highly abundant in the Earth's crust and therefore less expensive per ton than other Alkali and Alkaline Earth metals. In addition, magnesium has a higher charge capacity than lithium. Furthermore, in a magnesium-ion cell, magnesium metal can be used as the metal anode without the risk of thermal runaway due to dendrites not forming on the magnesium metal. However, despite this knowledge magnesium has not been widely adopted as an electrolyte or as a material for anodes because of difficulties in forming electrolytes that are easy to handle and manufacture, stable over a wide voltage range, and also compatible with multiple electrodes.
In some embodiments, the present disclosure provides a salt of the formula:
Mg[Al(R)4]2
wherein R represents a halogen-free compound selected from a deprotonated alcohol or thiol; or an amine; or a mixture thereof.
The general formula of the present disclosure defines a set of magnesium aluminate salts which can be made from a common precursor (Mg(AlH4)2 without requiring strongly electron withdrawing functional groups on the deprotonated alcohol, thiol or amine, for example halogens. However, the salt could be described more broadly as comprising a deprotonated alcohol, thiol or amine R group which are free of any strongly electron withdrawing groups. Such alcohols, thiols or amines are more readily available and easier to handle for synthesis. Thus, large scale manufacture of the salt of the present disclosure can be more cost effective and simpler than manufacturing of magnesium aluminate salts of the prior art.
The halogen-free alcohol, thiol or amine may be aromatic. Phenoxy groups, or aromatic thiols or amines can provide a salt with improved coordination stability when not provided with halogen groups. In addition, the sterics around the coordination centres (i.e. magnesium and aluminium) can be improved in contrast to using sterically hindered alkyl groups. Specifically, the organic moiety of the halogen-free alcohol, thiol or amine may be based on; iso-propyl, tert-butyl or phenyl. More specifically, R may represent only one halogen-free deprotonated alcohol, for instance phenol, iso-propanol or tert-butanol.
The salt may be crystallised in an organic solvent. The solvated salt gives rise to an electrolyte with improved oxidative stability and good electrochemical performance. Preferably the organic is chloride-free, as chloride-containing solvents are thought to result in the corrosion of common battery components such as stainless steel. Specifically, the organic solvent may be dry DME, 2-methyl-THF, diglyme, triglyme, tetraglyme or THF, since both can improve the electrochemical performance of the resulting electrolyte.
In some embodiments, provided is an electrolyte comprising a salt in accordance with the above Formula (i). The electrolyte may comprise the salt as an additive to a conventional electrolyte, or the salt may be used in a pure solution to form, with an appropriate solvent, an electrolyte by itself. The electrolyte may further comprise an Mg(PF6)2 additive.
In some embodiments, provided is a cell or battery comprising an electrolyte in accordance with the above Formula (i). The salts of the present disclosure do not suffer from some of the same disadvantages observed with the use of lithium salts in electrochemical cells or batteries. In addition, the salts of the present disclosure can be used in electrolytes in a number of cell or battery systems. More specifically, the cell or battery can be, for example, a lithium cell or a lithium-ion cell. However, the cell or battery using the salts of the present disclosure may be more generally described as a metal based, or a metal-ion based cell or battery. Examples of other metal or metal-ion based cells or batteries may include magnesium, calcium or aluminium metals or ions. When using the salt of the present disclosure in an electrolyte in metal cell or battery, metals such as magnesium, calcium or aluminum may be used as the metal anode without the risk of the salt decomposing.
In order that the present disclosure may be more readily understood, an embodiment of the disclosure will now be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying Figures, in which:
The present disclosure will now be illustrated with reference to the following examples.
A mixture of sodium aluminium hydride from XXX and magnesium chloride from XXX in a ratio of 2:1 was ball-milled for an hour to produce a mixture of magnesium aluminium hydride and sodium chloride at a theoretical 42.5 wt % of magnesium aluminium chloride (scheme below).
The resulting magnesium aluminium hydride mixture offers a general platform for the synthesis of magnesium aluminates, as will be shown by the following examples.
Magnesium aluminates were synthesized by treating magnesium aluminium hydride with various fluorinated/non-fluorinated alkyl and aryl alcohols in dry THF or DME (Scheme below).
These reactions were followed by filtration under inert atmosphere to remove insoluble impurities (i.e. sodium chloride and aluminium-containing by-products). The resulting magnesium aluminates were retrieved, typically as THF or DME solvates, in moderate to high yields (77-94%). The particular alcohols that were used in the synthesis were (1) tert-butanol; and (2) phenol.
A single crystal was obtained from THF containing magnesium tertbutoxyaluminate (1), and magnesium phenoxyaluminate (2), as shown in
Multinuclear NMR spectra of the powder of the two magnesium aluminates is shown in
All cyclic voltammetry (CV) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) experiments reported below were performed in a glovebox (MBraun) under an atmosphere of dry argon using dry solvents. Cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry were performed using an IVIUM CompactStat.
A solution of the magnesium aluminates above (1) and (2) in dry organic solvent was prepared at a concentration of 0.25 M. A solution of magnesium tert-butoxyaluminate (1) in THF was found to exhibit poor oxidative stability on stainless steel (ss-316), aluminium, copper, gold, and platinum electrodes, with the onset of oxidation occurring at around 1 V vs magnesium on each electrode, as shown in
In contrast to magnesium tertbutoxyaluminate (1), a solution of magnesium phenoxyaluminate (2) in DME exhibits moderate oxidative stability with the electrodes that were tested, showing onsets of oxidation between 1.5 V (aluminium, gold and platinum) and 2.2 V ss-316 vs magnesium, as shown in
CV was used to examine the ability of these 0.25 M magnesium aluminate solutions to facilitate magnesium plating and stripping using a platinum working electrode.
CV measurements of magnesium aluminate (1) in THF did not show evidence of magnesium plating/stripping behaviour between −0.5 V and 1 V vs Mg.
CV of magnesium aluminate (2) in DME shows clear plating and stripping behaviour on platinum between −0.5 V and 1 V vs magnesium over 50 voltammetric cycles, as shown in
The electrochemical behaviour of 0.25 M DME solutions of magnesium aluminate (2) was further examined in magnesium full cells constructed using Chevrel phase (Mo6S8) cathodes, magnesium ribbon anodes, and stainless steel current collectors both at room temperature and 55° C.
Generally, the magnesium aluminate electrolytes exhibited better reversibility, maintained higher capacities over more charge-discharge cycles, and could be cycled at higher rates at 55° C. than at room temperature, as shown in
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1714771 | Sep 2017 | GB | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2018/052538 | 9/7/2018 | WO |
Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
WO2019/053401 | 3/21/2019 | WO | A |
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3761500 | Thomas | Sep 1973 | A |
3993508 | Erlichman | Nov 1976 | A |
4047289 | Wolff | Sep 1977 | A |
4288381 | Dozzi et al. | Sep 1981 | A |
4299986 | Cucinella | Nov 1981 | A |
5136046 | Park et al. | Aug 1992 | A |
5250784 | Muller et al. | Oct 1993 | A |
5411592 | Ovshinsky et al. | May 1995 | A |
5670652 | Drauz | Sep 1997 | A |
5718989 | Aoki et al. | Feb 1998 | A |
6616714 | Gauthier et al. | Sep 2003 | B1 |
7754384 | Patoux et al. | Jul 2010 | B2 |
8122250 | Haverinen | Feb 2012 | B2 |
8153301 | Jiang | Apr 2012 | B2 |
8546018 | Kajiyama | Oct 2013 | B2 |
8722250 | Park | May 2014 | B2 |
9293766 | Liu et al. | Mar 2016 | B2 |
9325030 | Zidan | Apr 2016 | B2 |
9525173 | Kagei et al. | Dec 2016 | B2 |
9575025 | Nakayama et al. | Feb 2017 | B2 |
9593024 | Thackeray et al. | Mar 2017 | B2 |
9692084 | Yang et al. | Jun 2017 | B2 |
9755272 | Gaben | Sep 2017 | B2 |
9768450 | Song et al. | Sep 2017 | B2 |
9843041 | Lopez | Dec 2017 | B2 |
9893376 | Yang et al. | Feb 2018 | B2 |
9947916 | Oda | Apr 2018 | B2 |
9960458 | Weicker et al. | May 2018 | B2 |
9997774 | Hiratsuka | Jun 2018 | B2 |
10199649 | Beck et al. | Feb 2019 | B2 |
10290869 | Axelbaum | May 2019 | B2 |
10629902 | Yu | Apr 2020 | B2 |
20020110733 | Johnson | Aug 2002 | A1 |
20030022063 | Paulsen et al. | Jan 2003 | A1 |
20030129495 | Yamato et al. | Jul 2003 | A1 |
20030162086 | Longhi, Jr. et al. | Aug 2003 | A1 |
20040091779 | Kang et al. | May 2004 | A1 |
20050014065 | Jung et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20050112466 | Jordy et al. | May 2005 | A1 |
20060160261 | Sheats | Jul 2006 | A1 |
20070238019 | Laurent et al. | Oct 2007 | A1 |
20080263855 | Li et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080264478 | Ahn et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090148764 | Kwak et al. | Jun 2009 | A1 |
20100108939 | Breger et al. | May 2010 | A1 |
20100233542 | Endo et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20100248033 | Kumar et al. | Sep 2010 | A1 |
20110126402 | Kwak et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110129594 | Kwak et al. | Jun 2011 | A1 |
20110168944 | Chang et al. | Jul 2011 | A1 |
20110291043 | Wilcox et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110294015 | Pirk et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20110311883 | Oukassi et al. | Dec 2011 | A1 |
20120183855 | Wohlfahrt-Mehrens et al. | Jul 2012 | A1 |
20120225199 | Muthu et al. | Sep 2012 | A1 |
20120270114 | Reynolds et al. | Oct 2012 | A1 |
20120312474 | Kwak et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20120321815 | Song et al. | Dec 2012 | A1 |
20130040201 | Manthiram | Feb 2013 | A1 |
20130160283 | Wu | Jun 2013 | A1 |
20130260248 | Seki et al. | Oct 2013 | A1 |
20130298387 | Kobier et al. | Nov 2013 | A1 |
20140000100 | Oh et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140007418 | Song et al. | Jan 2014 | A1 |
20140120397 | Kim et al. | May 2014 | A1 |
20140154555 | Endoh et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140154581 | Kawasato et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140178748 | Chernyshov et al. | Jun 2014 | A1 |
20140227594 | Song et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140227609 | Frey et al. | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140242463 | Song | Aug 2014 | A1 |
20140255603 | Xiao et al. | Sep 2014 | A1 |
20150010822 | Nakahara et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150010872 | Schindler et al. | Jan 2015 | A1 |
20150050522 | Manthiram et al. | Feb 2015 | A1 |
20150064558 | Seki et al. | Mar 2015 | A1 |
20150102530 | Wallace et al. | Apr 2015 | A1 |
20150180031 | Thackeray et al. | Jun 2015 | A1 |
20150188186 | Bedjaoui et al. | Jul 2015 | A1 |
20150280201 | Bhardwaj | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20160164088 | Peralta et al. | Jun 2016 | A1 |
20160164092 | Stottlemyer | Jun 2016 | A1 |
20160218362 | Kagei et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20160218364 | Sakai et al. | Jul 2016 | A1 |
20160254539 | Kagei et al. | Sep 2016 | A1 |
20160294010 | Herb | Oct 2016 | A1 |
20160372783 | Min et al. | Dec 2016 | A1 |
20170133678 | Ozoemena et al. | May 2017 | A1 |
20190044182 | Maeda et al. | Feb 2019 | A1 |
20190115627 | Rendall | Apr 2019 | A1 |
20190334171 | Ozoemena | Oct 2019 | A1 |
20200220221 | Keyzer et al. | Jul 2020 | A1 |
20200335786 | Roberts et al. | Oct 2020 | A1 |
20200377376 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
20200381718 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
20200381724 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
20200381725 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
20200381726 | Roberts et al. | Dec 2020 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2527207 | Dec 2004 | CA |
1404635 | Mar 2003 | CN |
1458706 | Nov 2003 | CN |
1464573 | Dec 2003 | CN |
1610154 | Apr 2005 | CN |
101128941 | Feb 2008 | CN |
101562245 | Oct 2009 | CN |
101694876 | Apr 2010 | CN |
101855770 | Oct 2010 | CN |
102054986 | May 2011 | CN |
102074700 | May 2011 | CN |
102881873 | Jan 2013 | CN |
103035900 | Apr 2013 | CN |
103066274 | Apr 2013 | CN |
103311513 | Sep 2013 | CN |
103545519 | Jan 2014 | CN |
103887562 | Jun 2014 | CN |
105047898 | Nov 2015 | CN |
105742607 | Jul 2016 | CN |
105810934 | Jul 2016 | CN |
103943844 | Aug 2016 | CN |
106410186 | Feb 2017 | CN |
106573795 | Apr 2017 | CN |
104241633 | Sep 2017 | CN |
4227720 | Apr 1993 | DE |
1189296 | Mar 2002 | EP |
2746288 | Jun 2014 | EP |
2763219 | Aug 2014 | EP |
2827430 | Jan 2015 | EP |
3093272 | Nov 2016 | EP |
1402544 | Aug 1975 | GB |
2128604 | May 1984 | GB |
45-035555 | Nov 1970 | JP |
57-96472 | Jun 1982 | JP |
S64-21870 | Jan 1989 | JP |
H4-269721 | Sep 1992 | JP |
09-237631 | Sep 1997 | JP |
2000-149911 | May 2000 | JP |
2002-343342 | Nov 2002 | JP |
2003-226955 | Aug 2003 | JP |
2005-044801 | Feb 2005 | JP |
2005-100947 | Apr 2005 | JP |
2005-150093 | Jun 2005 | JP |
2005-150102 | Jun 2005 | JP |
2006-294597 | Oct 2006 | JP |
2007-503102 | Feb 2007 | JP |
2009-182273 | Aug 2009 | JP |
2009-246236 | Oct 2009 | JP |
2009-544141 | Dec 2009 | JP |
2010-251075 | Nov 2010 | JP |
2011-108603 | Jun 2011 | JP |
2012-129166 | Jul 2012 | JP |
2013-506945 | Feb 2013 | JP |
2014-510372 | Apr 2014 | JP |
2014-112476 | Jun 2014 | JP |
2014-146458 | Aug 2014 | JP |
2014-529176 | Oct 2014 | JP |
2014-531718 | Nov 2014 | JP |
2014-531719 | Nov 2014 | JP |
2017-521848 | Aug 2017 | JP |
10-2004-0096063 | Nov 2004 | KR |
10-2014-0081468 | Jul 2014 | KR |
10-2016-0091172 | Aug 2016 | KR |
10-2017-0008540 | Jan 2017 | KR |
10-2017-0025874 | Mar 2017 | KR |
201145648 | Dec 2011 | TW |
2006027925 | Mar 2006 | WO |
2006071972 | Jul 2006 | WO |
2009055529 | Apr 2009 | WO |
2010036723 | Apr 2010 | WO |
2011039132 | Apr 2011 | WO |
2011052607 | May 2011 | WO |
2012065767 | May 2012 | WO |
2013021955 | Feb 2013 | WO |
2013035519 | Mar 2013 | WO |
2013118659 | Aug 2013 | WO |
2013146723 | Oct 2013 | WO |
2015007586 | Jan 2015 | WO |
2015053357 | Apr 2015 | WO |
2015107194 | Jul 2015 | WO |
2016001884 | Jan 2016 | WO |
2016210419 | Dec 2016 | WO |
2017047280 | Mar 2017 | WO |
2017087403 | May 2017 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Peretich, A.L., Amenta, D.S., Gilje, J.W. et al. “Crystal Structure of [Me2NCH(O)]2Mg[(μ-OPri)2Al(OPri)2]2”. J Chem Crystallogr 40, 716-719 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10870-010-9783-x. |
Meese-Marktscheffel, Juliane. “Magnesium-Aluminum Alkoxides: The Synthesis of Mg[Al(OR)4]2 (R = Busec and Ph), Structure of (thf)2Mg[(.mu.-OPh)2Al(OPh)2]2, and Dynamic NMR of Mg[Al(OBusec)4]2.” Polyhedron 13.6-7 (1994): 1045-1050. Web. |
Meese-Marktscheffel et al., “Magnesium-aluminum alkoxides: the synthesis of Mg[Al(OR)4]2 (R=Busec and Ph), structure of (thf)2Mg[(μ-OPh)2Al (OPh))2]2, and dynamic NMR of Mg[Al(OBusec)4]2”, Polyhedron, 1994, vol. 13, No. 6-7, pp. 1045-1050. |
Office Action received for Japanese Application No. 2020-515116, dated Oct. 12, 2021, 4 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 2 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552157, dated Jun. 21, 2021, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552160, dated Jul. 5, 2021, 5 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 3 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020552156 dated Sep. 7, 2021, 12 pages (6 pages of English Translation and 6 pages of Original Document). |
Birrozzi et al. (2016). “Beneficial effect of propane sultone and tris(trimethylsilyl) borate as electrolyte additives on the cycling stability of the lithium rich nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) oxide,” Journal of Power Sources 325:525-533. |
Cucinella et al. (1982). “Calcium Alkoxyalanates I. Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization,” Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 224(1): 1-12. |
Hudson et al. (2007). “Studies on Synthesis and Dehydrogenation Behavior of Magnesium Alanate and Magnesium-Sodium Alanate Mixture,” International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 32(18): 4933-4938. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion dated Oct. 29, 2018, directed to International Application No. PCT/GB2018/052538; 15 pages. |
Lu et al. (Apr. 2002). “Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Behavior of Li[NixLi(1/3-2x/3)Mn(2/3-x/3)]O2,” Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 149(6): A778-A791. |
Mehrotra et al. (Jan. 1978). “Preparation and Characterization of Some Volatile Double Isopropoxides of Aluminium with Alkaline Earth Metals,” Inorganica Chemica Acta 29:131-136. |
Metz et al. (2002). “Weakly Coordinating A1-, Nb-, Ta-, Y-, and La-Based Perfluoroaryloxymetalate Anions as Cocatalyst Components for Single-Site Olefin Polymerization,” Organometallics 21(18): 3691-3702. |
Park et al. (Apr. 2004). “Structural investigation and electrochemical behaviour of Li[NixLi(1/3-2x/3)Mn(2/3-x/3)]O2 compounds by a simple combustion method,” Journal of Power Sources 129: 288-295. |
Park et al. (May 2010). “Suppression of O2 evolution from oxide cathode for lithium-ion batteries: VOx-impregnated 0.5Li2MnO3—0.5LiNi0.4Co0.2Mn0.4O2 cathode,” Chemical Communications, 46(23): 4190-4192. |
Search Report dated May 30, 2018, directed to GB Application No. 1714771.1; 2 pages. |
Thackeray et al. (Aug. 2006). “Comments on the structural complexity of lithium-rich Li1+xM1-xO2 electrodes (M+Mn, Ni, Co) for lithium batteries,” Electrochemistry Communications 8(9):1531-1538. |
Turova et al. (1977). “Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of Alkali Metal Aluminium Hydrides,” Inorganica Chimica Acta, 21: 157-161. |
Wu et al. (Mar. 2006). “High Capacity, Surface-Modified Layered Li[Li(1-x)/3Mn(2-x)/3Nix/3Cox/3]O2 Cathodes with Low Irreversible Capacity Loss,” Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters 9(5): A221-A224. |
Yasushi et al. (Nov. 16, 1984) “CAS No. 32843-22-4] Aluminate(1-), tetrakis(diphenylaminato)-, magnesium,” (2 pages). |
Govil et al., “Some Double Ethoxides of Alkaline Earth Metals with Aluminium”, Synthesis and Reactivity in Inorganic and Metal-Organic Chemistry, vol. 5, No. 4, 1975, pp. 267-277. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/052537, dated Mar. 26, 2020, 13 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/052538, dated Mar. 26, 2020, 8 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053655, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 10 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053656, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 8 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053657, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 10 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053659, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 11 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053660, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 7 pages. |
International Preliminary Report on Patentability received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053663, dated Jul. 2, 2020, 7 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/052537, dated Dec. 19, 2018, 17 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053655, dated Apr. 8, 2019, 15 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053656, dated Feb. 15, 2019, 11 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053657, dated Apr. 15, 2019, 14 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053659, dated Apr. 8, 2019, 16 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053660, dated Feb. 14, 2019, 9 pages. |
International Search Report and Written Opinion received for PCT Patent Application No. PCT/GB2018/053663, dated Sep. 15, 2019, 10 pages. |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7010108, dated Jul. 28, 2021, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7010109, dated Jul. 28, 2021, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Search Report dated Jun. 28, 2018, directed to GB Application 1721179.8; 2 pages. |
Search Report dated Jun. 28, 2018, directed to GB Application No. 1721177.2; 2 pages. |
Search Report dated Jun. 28, 2018, directed to GB Application No. 1721178.0; 2 pages. |
Search Report dated Jun. 28, 2018, directed to GB Application No. 1721180.6; 2 pages. |
Search Report dated May 30, 2018, directed to GB Application No. 1714770.3; 2 pages. |
Notification of Reason(s) for Refusal received for Korean Application No. 10-2020-7018773, dated Sep. 23, 2021, 12 pages (6 pages of English Translation and 6 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552161, dated Sep. 7, 2021, 4 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 2 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552159, dated Sep. 7, 2021, 4 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 2 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7018774, dated Sep. 23, 2021, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Breger et al “High-resolution X-ray diffraction, DIFFaX, NMR and first principles study of disorder in the Li2MnO3—Li[Ni1/2Mn1/2]O2 solid solution”, Journal of Solid State Chemistry 178 (2005) 2575-2585. |
Jiang et al “Electrochemical and structural study of the layered, “Li-excess” lithium-ion battery electrode material Li[Li1/9Ni1/3Mn5/9]O2”, Chem. Mater. 2009, 21, 2733-2745. |
Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880081413.3, dated Mar. 15, 2022, 17 pages (10 pages of English Translation and 7 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552157, dated Jan. 25, 2022, 5 pages (2 pages of English Translation and 3 pages of Original Document). |
Park et al., “The Effects of Ni Doping on the Performance of O3-Lithium Manganese Oxide Material”, Korean J. Chem. Eng., vol. 21, No. 5, 2004, pp. 983-988. |
Kim et al.; “Synthesis and electrochemical behavior of Li[Li0.1Ni0.35-x/2CoxMn0.55-x/2]O2 cathode materials”; Solid State Ionics 164, pp. 43-49. (Year: 2003). |
Kim et al.; (“Electrochemical properties of Li[Li(1-x)/3CoxMn(2-2x)/3]O2 (0<x<1) solid solutions prepared by poly-vinyl alcohol method”; Electrochemistry Communications 9, pp. 103-108. (Year: 2007). |
Sun et al.; “The preparation and electrochemical performance of solid solutions LiCoO2—Li2MnO3 as cathode materials for lithium ion batteries”; Electrochimica Acta 51, pp. 5581-5586. (Year: 2006). |
Thackeray et al. “Li2MnO3-stabilized LiMO2 (M=Mn, Ni, Co) electrodes for lithium-ion batteries”; J. of Materials Chemistry, vol. 17, No. 30, pp. 3053-3272. (Year: 2007). |
Xiang et al.; “Understanding the Influence of Composition and Synthesis Temperature on Oxygen Loss, Reversible Capacity, and Electrochemical Behavior of xLi2MnO3 (1-x)LiCoO2 Cathodes in the First Cycle”; J. Phys. Chem. 118, pp. 23553-23558. (Year: 2014). |
Jang et al., Electrochemical and Solid-State Letters, 1 (1) 13-16 (1998) (Year: 1998). |
Xu et al. English machine translation of CN103066274A. (Year: 2013). |
Zhang et al. English machine translation of CN105047898A. (Year: 2015). |
Lee et al., “High capacity Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2 cathode materials via a carbonate co-precipitation method,” Journal of Power Sources, vol. 162, No. 2, Sep. 12, 2006, pp. 1346-1350. |
Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880081264.0, dated Feb. 7, 2022, 19 pages (11 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Japanese Patent Application No. 2020-552158, dated Aug. 10, 2022, 8 pages (3 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7018911, dated Feb. 14, 2022, 16 pages (8 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7018912, dated Aug. 17, 2022, 10 pages (5 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Office Action received for Korean Patent Application No. 10-2020-7018912, dated Feb. 14, 2022, 16 pages (8 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Original Document). |
Feng-min et al., “Recent Developments on Li-ion Batteries positive materials,” Battery Bimonthly, vol. 33, No. 6, Dec. 30, 2003, 3 pages. |
Hu et al., “Electric Vehicles 3rd Edition” Section 2 Power Battery, vol. 3, Jan. 31, 2003, 12 pages. |
Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880081278.2, dated Jan. 26, 2022, 18 pages (10 pages of English Translation and 8 pages of Original Document). |
Second Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880081278.2, dated Jun. 29, 2022, 20 pages (13 pages of English Translation and 7 pages of Original Document). |
Third Office Action received for Chinese Patent Application No. 201880081278.2, dated Oct. 19, 2022, 14 pages (9 pages of English Translation and 5 pages of Original Document). |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20200280099 A1 | Sep 2020 | US |