Patent Application
20160294112
Sensors and manipulators for surgical procedures, such as may be implemented as endoscopic devices, may be mechanically and/or electrically operated. Increasingly, focus in the health care industry is on minimally invasive and in-office medical diagnoses and procedures. In connection with minimally invasive and in-office medical diagnoses and procedures, it may be desirable to have disposable sensors and manipulators which mate with a non-disposable or reusable base unit. The base unit may be and/or may include a computer, a sample collector, a handheld display unit, or any other base unit to which a sensor or manipulator is attached.
For reasons of convenience, traceability, and sterility it may be advantageous for the sensors and manipulators to be disposable. A means of reliably and efficiently connecting disposable units to a corresponding reusable base unit may be useful in this context.
The subject matter claimed herein is not limited to embodiments that solve any disadvantages or that operate only in environments such as those described above. Rather, this background is only provided to illustrate one exemplary technology area where some embodiments described herein may be practiced.
The foregoing and following information as well as other features of this disclosure will become more fully apparent from the following description and appended claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings depict only several embodiments in accordance with the disclosure and are, therefore, not to be considered limiting of its scope, the disclosure will be described with additional specificity and detail through use of the accompanying drawings.
In the following detailed description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings, which form a part hereof. In the drawings, similar symbols typically identify similar components, unless context dictates otherwise. The illustrative embodiments described in the detailed description, drawings, and claims are not meant to be limiting. Other embodiments may be utilized, and other changes may be made, without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter presented herein. It will be readily understood that the aspects of the present disclosure, as generally described herein, and illustrated in the figures, can be arranged, substituted, combined, separated, and designed in a wide variety of different configurations, all of which are explicitly contemplated herein.
Generally, the present invention relates to an imaging system that includes a reusable base unit and one or more imaging units. The imaging units can be disposable. For reasons of convenience, traceability, and sterility it may be advantageous for the sensors and manipulators to be disposable. A means of reliably and efficiently connecting disposable units to a corresponding reusable base unit may be useful in this context. The imaging system can be adapted to image internal organs or other tissues of a subject, such as a human. The imaging system may also be used to image internal areas of complex mechanical systems.
The imaging medical device of the present invention may be configured as a disposable imaging unit that couples to a reusable base unit. The disposable imaging unit may have one or more mechanical elements and one or more electrical elements unified into a single assembly. For instance, the disposable imaging unit can include a disposable imaging module constructed so as to permit distal articulation of a camera and light source. As such, the disposable imaging unit may include both mechanical elements and electrical elements.
In these and other embodiments, power to the camera and light source and mechanical, magnetic or electromagnetic force(s) may both be coupled across an interface between the disposable imaging unit and a corresponding non-disposable or reusable base unit. The ability to transfer power and mechanical forces allows for the disposable imaging unit to have the functionality of imaging and mechanical manipulation once the disposable imaging unit is coupled to the reusable base unit. As such, the interface can provide an electronic connection system that includes a first electronic connection interface on the disposable imaging unit side and a second electronic connection interface on the reusable base unit side. The electronic connection system allows for electronic signals as well as power to be passed from the reusable base unit to the disposable imaging unit and vice versa. The interface can also include a mechanical connection system that includes a first mechanical connection interface on the disposable imaging unit side and a second mechanical connection interface on the reusable base unit side, which first and second mechanical connection interfaces connect in order for mechanical forces, tension, compression, or other bias to be transferred from the reusable base unit side to the disposable imaging unit. The disposable imaging unit can then perform mechanical manipulations via forces generated and/or propagated by the reusable base unit. The mechanical connection system facilitates transfer of forces, tension, compression, or other bias or mechanical manipulation to the disposable imaging unit for mechanical functionality.
The reusable base unit can be any standard medical base unit that has electronic and mechanical modules to provide electronic data and mechanical manipulation to the imaging unit. The imaging unit can include a support member, mechanical actuator, electrically conductive elements, one or more imaging modules, one or more mechanical components, and an electronic/mechanical interface. The support member can be any type of support member common medical devices that can be used percutaneously or within some body cavity or lumen, such as a catheter-type support member. The mechanical actuator can be located in the support member and can extend from a distal end to a proximal end of the support member. The electrically conductive elements can be located within the support member and configured for providing electrical power to one or more electrical elements, such as imaging and/or lighting modules located in the support member. The imaging modules can be configured to record images as well as illuminate the subject to be recorded. The mechanical components can be configured to articulate the end of the support member and/or provide some mechanical function that may or may not be therapeutic or medical in nature. The electronic/mechanical interface can be at the proximal end of the support member, and can be configured to receive data, electrical power, and mechanical forces from the reusable base unit. The electronic/mechanical interface can also be configured to be removably coupled with the reusable base unit through a corresponding and compatible interface on the reusable base unit.
The electronic/mechanical interface can include a force transfer contact member and a plurality of electrical contacts. The force transfer contact member can be coupled to the mechanical actuator and configured to transfer mechanical forces from the base unit to the mechanical actuator. That is, mechanical forces on the reusable base unit side are transferred to the mechanical actuator across the force transfer contact member. The plurality of electrical contacts can be coupled to the electrically conductive elements in the support member and configured to transfer electrical power and electronic data from the base unit to the plurality of electrically conductive elements. One or more of the plurality of electrical contacts can be configured to transfer electronic data from the disposable unit to the base unit.
The force transfer contact member can be configured in various ways in order for a force to be transferred thereacross such that the mechanical actuator can be actuated from the base unit. The force transfer contact member can include any type of fastener that fastens the mechanical actuator to a mechanical controller in the base unit. The fastener can be any type of fastener member that allows coupling with force to be transferred thereof, which can include a nut and bolt, hook and eyelet, snap coupling, magnet, or adhesive. In one example, the force transfer contact member can include a permanent magnet member, ferromagnetic member, or electromagnet member with the base unit side having a corresponding force transfer contact member. When the force transfer contact member includes an adhesive, any adhesive material suitable for the materials of the actuator member and other components can be used, where cyanoacrylates, epoxies, silicones, or the like can be used. The adhesives used can be permanent adhesives that are not separable and resealable. Alternatively, the adhesives used can be separable adhesives that can be stuck together, and then pulled apart, where often the separated adhesives can be reconnected and stuck together again.
The electronic/mechanical interface can include one or more engagement features that are configured to removably engage corresponding engagement features of the base unit. The engagement features of the base unit and disposable imaging unit, when coupled together, prevent inadvertent decoupling of the disposable imaging unit from the base unit.
The disposable imaging unit can have various configurations, such as those illustrated and described herein, where features of one figure and description can be combined with any other features of any other figure or embodiment.
The support member 110 may be made of a flexible material, for instance. Such a configuration may enable articulation of the disposable imaging unit 100 to bend or deform in one or more planes. In particular, by applying sufficient tension in an appropriate direction to one of the mechanical elements 102 (e.g., wire 102A), a length of the wire 102A can be drawn to the base unit so as to effectively shorten one side 120 of the support member 110 compared to the other side 122 so as to cause a curvature or deformation to be created in the support member, as generally illustrated in
In more detail,
In these and other embodiments, an electrical interface (not shown) may be provided to transfer electrical power to the camera module 105a and the light source 105b in the disposable imaging unit 100 from a corresponding base unit in any suitable manner. The electrical interface can be any specific electrical interface or any suitable type of electrical interface now known or later developed.
Additionally, a mechanical transfer interface (not shown) may be provided that permits the disposable imaging unit 100 to be removably attached to a corresponding base unit, and transfers force(s) between the base unit and the disposable imaging unit 100 for operating the mechanical elements 102 of the disposable imaging unit 100. Accordingly, some embodiments disclosed herein provide a connectable-detachable interface that transfers both mechanical force and electrical power through the same connector.
One example of a connectable-detachable interface 200 according to some embodiments is illustrated in
The connectable-detachable interface 200 includes first electrical contacts 210 in the disposable unit interface 202 and second electrical contacts 212 in the base unit interface 204. Although not shown, the first electrical contacts 210 of the disposable unit interface 202 may each be coupled to a corresponding trace, wire, or other electrically conductive element (e.g., shown in
The connectable-detachable interface 200 further includes one or more first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b in the disposable unit interface 202 and one or more second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b in the base unit interface 204. Each of the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b of the disposable unit interface 202 can be coupled to respective wires 218a, 218b or other mechanical actuator within a support member 220 of the disposable unit 206. The wires 218a, 218b may correspond to the wires 102a, 102b (e.e., mechanical elements) of
The first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b and the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b are configured such that after the disposable unit 206 is removably coupled to the base unit 208, the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b of the disposable unit interface 202 are respectively coupled to the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b of the base unit interface 204. Moreover, the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b of the disposable unit interface 202 may be respectively coupled to the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b of the base unit interface 204 such that some or all of the forces applied to the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b of the base unit interface 204 by the wires 222a, 222b in the base unit 208 may be transferred to the wires 218a, 218b (or to the first force transfer contacts) in the disposable unit 206 through the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b of the disposable unit interface 202. Thus, actuation of the wires 222a, 222b of the base unit 208 can actuate the wires 218a, 218b of the disposable unit 206.
Each of the force transfer contacts 214a, 214b, 216a, 216b may include any suitable configuration to permit forces to be transferred through the connectable-detachable interface 200. In some embodiments, for example, each of the force transfer contacts 214a, 214b, 216a, 216b can be a permanent magnet, with the magnetic poles of the force transfer contacts 214a, 214b, 216a, 216b being appropriately oriented such that the corresponding force transfer contacts 214a, 216a are attracted to each other and the corresponding force transfer contacts 214b, 216b are also attracted to each other when the disposable unit 206 is removably coupled to the base unit 208.
Alternately, one or both of the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b of the disposable unit interface 202 may be a permanent magnet while one or both of the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b in the base unit interface 204 may be a ferromagnetic material. Alternately or additionally, one or both of the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b in the base unit interface 204 may be a permanent magnet while one or both of the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b in the disposable unit interface 202 may be a ferromagnetic material.
In one embodiment, one or both of the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b in the disposable unit interface 202 may be an electromagnet, while one or both of the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b in the base unit interface 204 may be a ferromagnetic material. Alternately or additionally, one or both of the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b in the base unit interface 204 may be an electromagnet, while one or both of the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b in the disposable unit interface 202 may be a ferromagnetic material. The first and second force transfer contacts can be mixed with a combination of multiple types on the disposable unit 206 and a combination of multiple types on the base unit 208.
In one embodiment, an adhesive may be pre-applied to the first force transfer contacts 214a, 214b of the disposable unit interface 202 or to the second force transfer contacts 216a, 216b of the base unit interface 204, which would be exposed prior to attachment of the disposable unit 206 to the base unit 208.
The specific configurations of the first and second force transfer contacts 214a, 214b, 216a, 216b disclosed herein are provided by way of example only and not limitation. Further, the specific configurations of first and second force transfer contacts 214a, 214b, 216a, 216b disclosed herein are not mutually exclusive and can be combined or modified as desired.
Alternately or additionally, the connectable-detachable interface 200 may further include one or more first engagement features 224a, 224b (
In some embodiments, the first engagement features 224a, 224b of the disposable unit interface 202 are configured to be disengaged from the second engagement features 226a, 226b of the base unit interface 204 by manipulating (e.g., squeezing) a distal end 260 of the base unit 208 or performing some other deliberate action. As such, the engagement features 224a, 224b, 226a, 226b may be configured to prevent inadvertent decoupling of the disposable unit 206 from the base unit 208.
The first and second force transfer contacts described herein that cooperate to transfer force from the base unit to the disposable unit can have various configurations. Passive configurations can include magnets or adhesives or other types of fasteners that are not electronically operably. However, active configurations can include electromagnets or other operable components that can be turned on or off with or without power.
With additional reference to
In view of the figures, the disposable unit described herein can be configured to be coupled to a base unit. The disposable unit can include a support member to provide support to the device and components located therein, and may include the imaging and other modules as well as mechanical components to actuate bending/deforming of the distal end of the disposable unit. The disposable unit can also include a mechanical actuator extending along the support member from a proximal end that couples to the base unit to a distal end that includes a bendable/deformable section and a further distal imaging module. The disposable unit can include a plurality of electrically conductive elements disposed within the support member for providing electrical power to an electrical element, such as imaging module, of the disposable unit. The disposable unit can include a disposable unit interface configured to receive electrical power and mechanical forces from the base unit and to removably couple the disposable unit to the base unit. The base unit can include corresponding features, such as a housing, a mechanical actuator, electrically conductive elements, and a base unit interface that receives and mates with the disposable unit interface.
The disposable unit interface can include a force transfer contact coupled to the mechanical actuators located within the disposable unit. The force transfer contact can be configured to transfer mechanical forces from the base unit to the mechanical actuator. The disposable unit interface can include a plurality of electrical contacts coupled to the plurality of electrically conductive elements and configured to transfer electrical power from the base unit to the plurality of electrically conductive elements. The base unit interface can have a corresponding force transfer contact and corresponding plurality of electrical contacts.
The force transfer contacts of the disposable unit interface and base unit interface can be cooperatively configured. They can be adhesive or magnetic. When magnetic, they can include permanent magnets, ferromagnetic materials, or electromagnets.
The base unit and disposable unit interfaces may further include a plurality of corresponding engagement features configured to removably engage the base unit interface with the disposable unit interface. These corresponding engagement features can be adapted to prevent inadvertent decoupling of the disposable unit from the base unit.
The medical device 500 can include a reusable base unit 502 and a disposable imaging unit 504. The base unit 502 can include a main housing 506 that contains a system control module 508 which can control one or more electronic components of the base unit 502 and/or the disposable imaging unit 504. The main housing 506 can also include a mechanical system 510 that is coupled to a mechanical activating member 514 (e.g., activating lever) and a mechanical deactivating member 515 (e.g., activating button). The main housing 506 may also include a power supply 512, which can be portable (e.g., batteries) or coupled with a wall power supply (e.g., cord to be plugged into wall outlet). The main housing 506 can include a gun shape with a handle 518 as illustrated or it may have some other shape configuration. The main housing 506 can also include a display screen 516 that can be integrated or couplable therewith. In one option, the disposable imaging unit 504 may be configured to be reusable and may have a disposable sheath (not shown).
The main housing 506 can include any type of mechanical system 510 that can transfer a force to a mechanical actuating member in order to bend/deform the distal end of the disposable imaging unit 504. The mechanical system 510 functions to bend/deform the distal end of the disposable imaging unit 504 in one or more planes, in either direction. As illustrated, one or more main force cables 522 can be included in the main housing 506 that can be functionally coupled to articulating force cables 524 of the disposable imaging unit 504, where activation of the articulating force cables 524 moves or bends/deforms the distal end of the disposable imaging unit 504.
The mechanical system 510 is illustrated to include a geared spindle 526, where one geared spindle 526 can be provided for each main force cable 522. In
The main housing 506 can also include a main interface 550, which can be configured as described herein. The main interface 550 can have base electrical connectors 552 and one or more base mechanical connectors 554, which are on the base unit 502 side. The base electrical connectors 552 can be operably coupled to the system control module 508, and the base mechanical connectors 554 can be operably coupled to the mechanical system 510. The disposable imaging unit 504 can include an imaging interface 556 that has imaging electrical connectors 558 and one or more imaging mechanical connectors 560. The imaging electrical connectors 558 can correspond and electronically couple with the base electrical connectors 552. The imaging mechanical connectors 560 can be of the same number as and mechanically couple with the base mechanical connectors 554. The main interface 550 can have main engagement features 562 that mate with and receive imaging engagement features 564 of the imaging interface 556. The main interface 550 and the imaging interface 556 can be configured as the interfaces of
The disposable imaging unit 504 can include a printed circuit board 566 (PCB 566) with some imaging components or other control modules. The PCB 566 can be configured to be onetime programmable (OTP) as described in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/094,415, which is incorporated herein by specific reference in its entirety. The PCB 566 can be adjacent to the imaging interface 556, or distally associated with the imaging interface 556.
The PCB can be electronically coupled with electronic lines 568, which can be configured as electronic wires or other electronic paths capable of transmitting power and/or electronic data. The electronic lines 568 can extend along the length of the disposable imaging unit 504 to a camera module 570 located at a distal end 572. The camera module 570 can be oriented to capture images from a distal opening 574 of the disposable imaging unit 504. Optionally, the distal end 572 can include or be configured as a camera module housing 576 that houses the camera module 570. The camera module housing 576 can be of any suitable size; however, examples include having a length of about 2 to 20 mm, from 4 to 15 mm, or from 5 to 10 mm, and a width or diameter of about 2 mm to about 8 mm, from about 2.5 mm to about 5 mm, or from about 2.8 or 3 mm to about 4 mm.
The imaging interface 556 can be coupled with or otherwise associated with an elongate body 578 that is positioned between the imaging interface 556 and the distal end 572. The elongate body 578 can be similar to the support member described herein, and can be tubular in shape with one or more internal lumens 582, such as lumens for the articulating force cables 524 and/or for the electronic lines 568. The elongate body 578 can include a sheath 580, which can be individually disposable or the entire disposable imaging unit 504 can be disposable. The sheath 580 can provide the outer surface of the disposable imaging unit 504.
The elongate body 578 can have a proximal section 584, a bendable/deformable section 586, and a distal end section 572 (e.g., distal end 572) arranged in this order from proximal to distal. A joint coupling 588 can couple the proximal section 584 and the bendable/deformable section 586. The joint coupling 588 can provide a joint to allow for the bending/deforming action. A sleeve or other coupling can be used as the joint coupling 588.
The bendable/deformable section 586 can have various configurations in order to bendable/deformable. Various types of bendable/deformable tubes can be adapted to use with the disposable imaging unit 504. Here, the bendable/deformable section 586 is configured as shown in
In one embodiment, a shape memory member 594 can be included in the bendable/deformable section 586. In some instances, a plurality of shape memory members 594 can be used. The shape memory members 594 can be made of a shape memory alloy, such as nitinol. When relaxed, the shape memory member 594 is straight. When the articulating force cables 524 are tensioned or pulled toward the base unit 502, the shape memory member 594 can bend/deform to allow for the bendable/deformable section 586 to bend/deform as desired. When tension or force is released from the articulating force cables 524, the shape memory member 594 can straighten the bendable/deformable section 586.
Referring back to the mechanical system 510, the geared spindle 526 can be operably coupled with a drive gear 530. The operable coupling can be by gear teeth 532 of the geared spindle 526 interlacing with gear teeth 534 of the drive gear 530. Accordingly, when the mechanical activating member 514 is activated, the drive gear 530 rotates in a first rotational direction so as to rotate the geared spindle 526 to reel in and wind the force cable 522 into the spooled force cable 528. When the mechanical deactivating member 515 is activated, the drive gear 520 releases or rotates in a second rotational direction that is opposite of the first rotational direction so as to release or unwind the force cable 522 from the spooled force cable 528. The mechanical system 510 can include appropriate mechanical components in order to allow for these operations to be performed. For example, the mechanical activating member 514 and mechanical deactivating member 515 can both be operably coupled to a transfer component 536 that transfers the mechanical operations to the drive gear 530. Mechanical components and configuration for the mechanical system 510 can be designed in order to implement the functionality described herein.
In one embodiment, the drive gear 530 can be biased so that it rotates preferentially in one direction when unopposed by the gear spindle 526, the mechanical activating member 514, and the mechanical deactivating member 515. That is, the drive gear 530 can have a bias by having a bias system operably coupled thereto. The bias system can include a bias element 542 (e.g., spring) coupled to the drive gear 530 in a manner that causes the drive gear 530 to preferentially rotate in one direction or the other. The bias element 542 can be coupled to an anchor 540, such as a base 544 of the anchor 540, that is anchored to the main housing or some other intermediate component. Having one end anchored to the anchor 540 and the other end coupled to the drive gear 530 can apply a constant bias to the drive gear 530. The bias element 542 can cause the force cable 522 to be under tension or under slack depending on the design and orientation. In some instances it can be preferential for the force cable 522 to remain under tension, and in other instances it can be preferential for the force cable 522 to be slack until activated.
In one embodiment, the bias element 542 applies a bias to the drive gear 530 in a manner that applies tension to the force cable 522 through the geared spindle 526. As such, the bias pulls the force cable 522 so as to bend/deform the distal end 572 of the disposable imaging unit 504 if left without other acting forces or restraint. However, the mechanical activating member 514 acts on the drive gear 530 to hold it so that it does not rotate and thereby does not impart additional bias to the force cable 522. As desired, the mechanical activating member 514 can be activated in order to release the drive gear 530 that is biased by the bias element 542, which causes the drive gear 530 to rotate the geared spindle 526 in order to apply additional force or tension to the force cable 522. This function can take the bendable/deformable section 586 of the disposable imaging unit 504 from straight to becoming bent or to a further bent position as shown in
In one embodiment, the bias element 542 applies a bias to the drive gear 530 in a manner that releases tension to the force cable 522 through the geared spindle 526. At rest, there is no bias to pull the force cable 522 to bend/deform the distal end 572 of the disposable imaging unit 504 if left without other acting forces or restraint, and thereby the bendable/deformable section 586 is straight at rest. However, the mechanical activating member 514 can be activated to act on the drive gear 530 so that it rotates, and thereby imparts a bias or tension to the force cable 522. As desired, the mechanical activating member 514 can be activated in order to apply more force or tension to the force cable 522. The applied force to the force cable 522 can take the bendable/deformable section 586 of the disposable unit from straight to becoming bent or to a further bent position. The mechanical deactivating member 515 can then be activated to release the tension or force from the force cable 522 so as to allow the bendable/deformable section 586 to become straightened.
In one embodiment, the connection between the imaging unit and the base unit can be via magnetic interaction. The connection can include magnets on one side, either the base unit or imaging unit, and either oppositely poled magnets or magnetically responsive materials on the other unit. The connection members described herein can be the magnet and/or magnetically responsive material so long as there is a magnetic field that facilitates the connection between the base unit and imaging unit. In one example, the base unit can have stronger magnets and the imaging unit can have weaker magnets that are less expensive. The magnetic field can also be turned on or turned off when one or more electromagnets are used. These electromagnets can be on the base unit and/or the imaging unit. For example, the magnetic field can be turned on or off during coupling or decoupling of the base unit and imaging unit by turning on or turning off the electrical current to the electromagnet. In one example, the electromagnet can include an electromagnetic coil that can be selectively turned on to provide a magnetic field, and turned off to remove the magnetic field.
In one embodiment, an imaging system can include a base unit and one or more imaging units. The base unit can include: a housing; a system control module located in the housing; a main interface on the housing, the main interface including a plurality of main electrical connectors operably coupled with the system control module and includes one or more main mechanical connectors; a mechanical system located in the housing and mechanically coupled with the one or more main mechanical connectors; and a mechanical activating member mechanically coupled with the mechanical system. The one or more imaging units can each be configured to be removably coupled to the base unit. Each imaging unit can include: an elongate support member having a proximal end, a proximal section, a bendable/deformable section, and a distal end; an imaging interface on the proximal end of the elongate support member, the imaging interface including a plurality of imaging electrical connectors that correspond and connect with the main electrical connectors of the main interface and includes one or more imaging mechanical connectors that correspond and connect with main mechanical connectors of the main interface; one or more mechanical actuators each having a proximal end mechanically coupled with the one or more imaging mechanical connectors and extending from the imaging interface along the elongate support member to a distal region of the bendable/deformable section with is coupled to a distal end of the mechanical actuator; and a plurality of electrically conductive elements electronically coupled with the imaging electrical connectors and disposed within the elongate support member and extending from the imaging interface to an imaging module located in the distal end of the elongate support member.
In one embodiment, the main mechanical connectors and imaging mechanical connectors are configured as force transfer connectors when coupled. The force transfer connectors are configured to transfer mechanical forces from the mechanical system of the base unit to the one or more mechanical actuators in order to bend/deform the bendable/deformable section of the elongate support member.
In one embodiment, the housing includes a power source that is operably coupled with one or more of the plurality of main electrical connectors, which are configured to transfer electrical power from the base unit to the imaging unit. The force transfer connectors can be adhesive or magnetic. When magnetic, the force transfer connectors include one or more of a permanent magnet, a ferromagnetic member, or an electromagnet.
In one embodiment, the base unit includes one or more main engagement members associated with the main interface and the imaging unit includes one or more imaging engagement members that are configured to be coupled with the one or more main engagement members when the base unit is coupled to the imaging unit.
In one embodiment, the one or more main engagement members are coupled with the one or more imaging engagement members when the base unit is coupled with the imaging unit.
In one embodiment, the bendable/deformable section of the elongate support member includes a shape memory member extending from a proximal end to a distal end of the bendable/deformable section. The shape memory member includes a shape memory alloy that is straight when in its relaxed state.
In one embodiment, the mechanical system includes a spindle gear coupled with a force cable at one end with the other end of the force cable being coupled with the one of the main mechanical connectors. Accordingly, activating the spindle gear winds the force cable therearound so as to apply a bias to the main mechanical connector. The mechanical system can include a drive gear engaged with the spindle gear and a mechanical activating member can be coupled with the drive gear such that activation of the mechanical activating member actuates the drive gear. In one aspect, the mechanical system can include a bias system coupled with the drive gear such that the bias system applies a bias to the drive gear.
In one embodiment, a disposable imaging unit can include: an elongate support member having a proximal end, a proximal section, a bendable/deformable section, and a distal end; an imaging interface located on the proximal end of the elongate support member, the imaging interface including a plurality of imaging electrical connectors that correspond and connect with main electrical connectors of a main interface of a base unit, and the imaging interface including one or more imaging mechanical connectors that correspond and connect with the main mechanical connectors of the main interface of the base unit; one or more mechanical actuators each having a proximal end mechanically coupled with the one or more imaging mechanical connectors and extending from the imaging interface along the elongate support member to a distal region of the bendable/deformable section with is coupled to a distal end of the mechanical actuator; and a plurality of electrically conductive elements electronically coupled with the imaging electrical connectors and disposed within the elongate support member and extending from the imaging interface to an imaging module located in the distal end of the elongate support member.
In one embodiment, the imaging mechanical connectors are configured as magnetic force transfer connectors when coupled to corresponding mechanical connectors of the base unit. The force transfer connectors are configured to transfer mechanical forces from the base unit to the one or more mechanical actuators in order to bend/deform the bendable/deformable section of the elongate support member. The force transfer connectors can include one or more of a permanent magnet, a ferromagnetic member, or an electromagnet.
In one embodiment, the imaging interface includes one or more imaging engagement members that are configured to be coupled with one or more main engagement members when the base unit is coupled to the imaging unit.
In one embodiment, the bendable/deformable section of the elongate support member includes a shape memory member extending from a proximal end to a distal end of the bendable/deformable section. The shape memory member includes a shape memory alloy that is straight when in its relaxed state.
In one embodiment, a base unit can include: a housing; a system control module located in the housing; a main interface on the housing, the main interface including a plurality of main electrical connectors operably coupled with the system control module and includes one or more main mechanical connectors; and a mechanical system located in the housing and mechanically coupled with the one or more main mechanical connectors.
In one embodiment, the mechanical system can include: a spindle gear coupled with a force cable at one end with the other end of the force cable being coupled with the one of the main mechanical connectors, and wherein activating the spindle gear winds the force cable therearound so as to apply a bias to the main mechanical connector; a drive gear engaged with the spindle gear; a mechanical activating member coupled with the drive gear such that activation of the mechanical activating member actuates the drive gear; and a bias system coupled with the drive gear such that the bias system applies a bias to the drive gear.
In one embodiment, the devices of the invention can include an electromagnetic locking mechanism. The electromagnetic locking mechanism can be used to lock two members together, such as at the interface described herein. The main interface can include the electromagnetic lock to lock the reusable base to the disposable imaging unit. The reusable base unit includes a main interface that has a plurality of main electrical connectors operably coupled with a system control module and one or more main mechanical connectors as well as a first element of an electromagnetic locking mechanism. The disposable imaging unit includes an imaging interface configured to couple with the main interface of the reusable base unit, where the imaging interface has a plurality of imaging electrical connectors that correspond and connect with the main electrical connectors of the main interface and includes one or more imaging mechanical connectors that correspond and connect with main mechanical connectors of the main interface. One of the main mechanical connectors of the base unit or the imaging mechanical connectors is a female force transfer member having a recess and the other is a male force transfer member with a shaft that slidably fits into the recess of the female force transfer member, wherein one of the female force transfer member or male force transfer member is electromagnetic. The imaging interface can include a second element of the electromagnetic locking mechanism that interacts with the first element so as to lock the main interface to the imaging interface, and thereby lock the reusable base to the disposable imaging unit.
In one embodiment, the electromagnetic locking mechanism can include a ferromagnetic member that turns on an electromagnetic member. As such, when two pieces are brought together, one having the ferromagnetic member and one with the electromagnetic member, there is no resistance, then the ferromagnetic member trips a switch and turns on the electromagnetic member so as to provide the electromagnetic locking mechanism locking function. In one aspect, the electromagnetic member can be in the disposable imaging unit. This configuration can be used to release or engage a locking mechanism or provide secondary stability or security. The electromagnet can also be used to engage a locking pawl.
In one embodiment, a mechanical interlock can also be keyed with magnets to provide orientation and/or additional mechanical assistant on locking to obtain a two-part locking mechanism with orientation.
In one embodiment, an electromagnet can be turned on and helps to guide a member into a socket, which essentially uses magnetic force to suck the member into the socket.
In one embodiment, a ferromagnetic member can be included on the disposable part. The disposable part has a female member on it and the base reusable part has the male member. The male member can include a ring electromagnet and as the disposable unit is brought to the base reusable unit, just before it gets to the point or at the point it gets to its full displacement, the ferromagnetic member trips the switch which engages the electromagnets in order to provide mechanical anchoring of the coupling. Rather than using fixed magnets that just attach to each other, the ferromagnetic member can close a circuit so that the coupling is now mechanically rigid.
In one embodiment, the force that can be applied by the articulating tip (e.g., the tip itself is governed by the strength of the electromagnet which is always engaged once coupled) can be made due to an independent switching circuit. This allows for tuning the electromagnetic force, such that if exceeded by a certain amount of force, it is not allowed to exceed a certain amount of force. The maximum force permissible is read by one of the electro-connectors from a chip or otherwise encoded and residing on the disposable portion. As such, forces of the articulating tip can be defined for a specified tissue type. Multiple articulating tip forces can be programmed, so the same tip can be used for different tissues to protect these tissues from puncture from the tip of soft tissue, and allow bending/deforming against harder tissue. Different strengths are available. If the tip exceeds a preset strength, it doesn't allow penetration or perforation, and the device decouples. Rather than having a breakaway mechanism, the device includes electric feedback so that the strength of the actual articulating tip is changeable for interaction with soft tissues or hard tissues, without damaging the soft tissues. If in a vessel, a vessel is relatively soft, the operator could actually knock the camera right through the vessel wall, which is undesirable. Now with the present invention, when an operator is looking inside a vessel, the disposable end piece can be configured with a force that is suitable for vessels. For example, when the device reads that the force exceeds a threshold (e.g., two Newton), the device quits and decouples so that the tip cannot be articulated or moved so that the trigger no longer articulates the tip. This provides a force feedback mechanism based on a predetermined force set level. For bone, the device can allow 50 Newton. In one aspect, the device includes a strain gauge or component that determines how hard the tip is providing pressure. Alternatively, the device can measure the strain in the actuating wires that are moving the tip. The overall principle includes different kinds of tips or different force settings for a single tip (e.g., there might only be two or three different tissues settings).
In one embodiment, an electromagnetic locking mechanism includes a force-applied sensor that decouples the electromagnet. The device includes a feedback system where some force sensor trips the electromagnet and it decouples so as to be no longer coupled.
The magnetic member 720 may be ferromagnetic. However, it may be electromagnetic and the first member 706a can include a battery operably coupled thereto.
In the illustrated embodiment of
In one embodiment, the base unit can have an electromagnet, such as any described herein, for example, the female member, and the disposable unit 206 can include a magnetically responsive member. When being connected, the electromagnet can be turned off; however, the pieces are not fully connected, then the electromagnet is turned on and it sucks the units together and provides the coupling. In one aspect, the two units cannot be coupled together and cannot be pressed into a coupling position until the electromagnet turns on and then the electromagnet allows for the units to be in the coupling position. These electromagnetic coupling systems can be used alone or together. Also, the activation of the electromagnet can result in a male member being sucked into a female member or result in a female member being drawn over a male member, any of which can be the electromagnet.
In one embodiment, the force that can be applied by the articulating tip can be governed by the strength of the electromagnet which is engaged upon coupling of the units. Once the base unit is coupled to the disposable unit, the electromagnet engages and the magnetic engagement force is proportional to the articulating tip force. The articulating tip force is the force applied by the articulating tip to a tissue, where bones can be interacted with high-force tips. Tissues such as blood vessels need low-force tips. Once a force threshold is reached the electromagnet disengages and the tip no longer articulates under control of the operator. Accordingly, it can be helpful to have a magnetic engagement force that is tunable and that can be changed. In one aspect, the disposable units can be assembled in sets that each have a set and unique tip force, which allows for selecting a unique tip force with a set magnetic engagement force for each procedure. In one aspect, the disposable units can be assembled with a variable tip force that is obtained by varying the electromagnetic engagement force, which variation can be performed on the fly during a procedure.
In one embodiment, an electromagnetic locking mechanism can include a base unit having a base interface with a base locking member, and an imaging unit having an imaging interface with an imaging locking member that is configured to mate with the base locking member. One of the base unit or imaging unit has a locking circuit with a switch. When the switch is on the circuit is complete and one of the base locking member and imaging locking member is an electromagnetic member and the other is a magnetically responsive member. Alternatively when the switch is off, the circuit is incomplete and neither the base locking member nor imaging locking member is the electromagnetic member. One of the base interface or imaging interface has a magnetic member or magnetically responsive member that switches the switch on when the base interface is sufficiently close to the imaging interface. In one aspect, the switch is magnetically responsive and the other of the base interface or imaging interface without the switch has the magnetic member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the switch is magnetic and the other of the base interface or imaging interface without the switch has the magnetically responsive member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the switch is magnetically responsive and located on the base and the imaging interface has the magnetic member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the switch is magnetic and located on the base and the imaging interface has the magnetically responsive member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the imaging locking member includes the magnetically responsive member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the imaging locking member is magnetically responsive and separate from the magnetic member that switches the switch. In one aspect, the base locking member is a female member and the imaging locking member is a corresponding male member that fits in the female member. In one aspect, the imaging locking member is a female member and the base locking member is a corresponding male member that fits in the female member.
In one embodiment, the base interface and imaging interface include alignment features that cooperate for aligning the base interface with the imaging interface.
In one embodiment, the base unit includes a tip force determination module and electromagnetic engagement force module, and the imaging unit includes a tip force module. In one aspect, when the base unit is operably coupled with the imaging unit, the tip force module is configured to provide tip force data to the tip force determination module, the tip force determination module is configured to determine the maximum force of the tip and provide maximum tip force data to the electromagnetic engagement force module, the electromagnetic engagement force is then configured to modulate electromagnetic engagement forces to electromagnetic coupling members of the reusable base and disposable imaging unit. In one aspect, the base locking member and image locking member are the electromagnetic coupling members.
In one embodiment, one of the base locking member or image locking member is magnetically responsive and has one or more pin recesses containing magnetically responsive pins and the other of the base locking member or image locking member is electromagnetic when the switch is on and has one or more receiver recesses that align with the pin recesses when the base locking member and image locking member are mated. In one aspect, the magnetically responsive pins are retained in the one or more pin recesses when the switch is off; and the magnetically responsive pins protrude from the one or more pin recesses into the one or more receiver recesses when the switch is on.
An imaging system includes a base unit and one or more imaging units. The base unit can be configured to be reusable and each imaging unit can be disposable. The base unit can include: a housing; a system control module located in the housing; a main interface on the housing, the main interface including a plurality of main electrical connectors operably coupled with the system control module and includes one or more main mechanical connectors; one or more main alignment features on the main interface; a mechanical system located in the housing and mechanically coupled with the one or more main mechanical connectors; and a mechanical activating member mechanically coupled with the mechanical system. In one aspect, each of the one or more imaging units can be configured to be removably coupled to the base unit, where an imaging unit can include: an elongate support member having a proximal end, a proximal section, a bendable/deformable section, and a distal end; an imaging interface on the proximal end of the elongate support member, the imaging interface including a plurality of imaging electrical connectors that correspond and connect with the main electrical connectors of the main interface and includes one or more imaging mechanical connectors that correspond and connect with main mechanical connectors of the main interface; one or more imaging alignment features on the imaging interface that are configured to align the imaging interface with the main interface when the one or more imaging alignment features align with the one or more main alignment features; one or more mechanical actuators each having a proximal end mechanically coupled with the one or more imaging mechanical connectors and extending from the imaging interface along the elongate support member to a distal region of the bendable/deformable section which is coupled to a distal end of the mechanical actuator; and a plurality of electrically conductive elements electronically coupled with the imaging electrical connectors and disposed within the elongate support member and extending from the imaging interface to an imaging module located in the distal end of the elongate support member. The imaging system can have an electromagnetic locking mechanism that includes: the main interface having a base locking member; and the one or more imaging units having an imaging interface with an imaging locking member that is configured to mate with the base locking member. In one aspect, one of the base unit or imaging unit has a locking circuit with a switch. When the switch is on, the circuit is complete and one of the base locking member and imaging locking member is an electromagnetic member and the other is a magnetically responsive member. Alternatively, when the switch is off, the circuit is incomplete and neither the base locking member nor imaging locking member is the electromagnetic member. In one aspect, one of the base interface and imaging interface has a magnetic member or magnetically responsive member that switches the switch on when the base interface is sufficiently close to the imaging interface.
In one embodiment, an electromagnetic locking mechanism can include: a base unit having a base interface with a base locking member; and an imaging unit having an imaging interface with an imaging locking member that is configured to mate with the base locking member. In one aspect, one of the base locking member or image locking member is magnetically responsive and has one or more pin recesses containing magnetically responsive pins and the other of the base locking member and image locking member is configured to be electromagnetic and has one or more receiver recesses that align with the pin recesses when the base locking member and image locking member are mated. In one aspect, the magnetically responsive pins are retained in the one or more pin recesses when neither the base locking member nor image locking member are electromagnetic; and the magnetically responsive pins protrude from the one or more pin recesses into the one or more receiver recesses when the base locking member or image locking member is electromagnetic. In one aspect, one of the base unit or imaging unit has a locking circuit with a switch. When the switch is on, the circuit is complete and one of the base locking member or imaging locking member is an electromagnetic member and the other is a magnetically responsive member. Alternatively, when the switch is off, the circuit is incomplete and neither the base locking member nor imaging locking member is the electromagnetic member. In one aspect, one of the base interface or imaging interface has a magnetic member or magnetically responsive member that switches the switch on when the base interface is sufficiently close to the imaging interface.
In one embodiment, an imaging system can include a base unit and one or more imaging units. In one aspect, the base unit can include: a housing; a system control module located in the housing; a tip force determination module located in the housing; electromagnetic engagement force module located in the housing; a main interface on the housing, the main interface including a plurality of main electrical connectors operably coupled with the system control module and includes one or more main mechanical connectors; a mechanical system located in the housing and mechanically coupled with the one or more main mechanical connectors; and a mechanical activating member mechanically coupled with the mechanical system. In one aspect, the one or more imaging units can each be configured to be removably coupled to the base unit. In one aspect, the imaging unit can include: an elongate support member having a proximal end, a proximal section, a bendable/deformable section, and a distal end; a tip force module located in the support member; an imaging interface on the proximal end of the elongate support member, the imaging interface including a plurality of imaging electrical connectors that correspond and connect with the main electrical connectors of the main interface and includes one or more imaging mechanical connectors that correspond and connect with main mechanical connectors of the main interface; one or more mechanical actuators each having a proximal end mechanically coupled with the one or more imaging mechanical connectors and extending from the imaging interface along the elongate support member to a distal region of the bendable/deformable section with is coupled to a distal end of the mechanical actuator; and a plurality of electrically conductive elements electronically coupled with the imaging electrical connectors and disposed within the elongate support member and extending from the imaging interface to an imaging module located in the distal end of the elongate support member. In one aspect, the base unit is operably coupled with one of the imaging units, the tip force module is configured to provide tip force data to the tip force determination module, the tip force determination module is configured to determine the maximum force of the tip and provide maximum tip force data to the electromagnetic engagement force module, and the electromagnetic engagement force is then configured to modulate electromagnetic engagement forces to electromagnetic coupling members of the reusable base and disposable imaging unit. In one aspect, the base unit includes an electromagnetic engagement force adjustment module configured to adjust the tip force.
One skilled in the art will appreciate that, for this and other processes and methods disclosed herein, the functions performed in the processes and methods may be implemented in differing order. Furthermore, the outlined steps and operations are only provided as examples, and some of the steps and operations may be optional, combined into fewer steps and operations, or expanded into additional steps and operations without detracting from the essence of the disclosed embodiments.
The present disclosure is not to be limited in terms of the particular embodiments described in this application, which are intended as illustrations of various aspects. Many modifications and variations can be made without departing from its spirit and scope, as will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Functionally equivalent methods and apparatuses within the scope of the disclosure, in addition to those enumerated herein, will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the foregoing descriptions. Such modifications and variations are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims. The present disclosure is to be limited only by the terms of the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to be limiting.
In one embodiment, the present methods can include aspects performed on a computing system. As such, the computing system can include a memory device that has the computer-executable instructions for performing the method. The computer-executable instructions can be part of a computer program product that includes one or more algorithms for performing any of the methods of any of the claims.
In one embodiment, any of the operations, processes, methods, or steps described herein can be implemented as computer-readable instructions stored on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable instructions can be executed by a processor of a wide range of computing systems from desktop computing systems, portable computing systems, tablet computing systems, handheld computing systems, and/or any other computing device.
There is little distinction left between hardware and software implementations of aspects of systems; the use of hardware or software is generally (but not always, in that in certain contexts the choice between hardware and software can become significant) a design choice representing cost vs. efficiency tradeoffs. There are various vehicles by which processes and/or systems and/or other technologies described herein can be effected (e.g., hardware, software, and/or firmware), and that the preferred vehicle will vary with the context in which the processes and/or systems and/or other technologies are deployed. For example, if an implementer determines that speed and accuracy are paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly hardware and/or firmware vehicle; if flexibility is paramount, the implementer may opt for a mainly software implementation; or, yet again alternatively, the implementer may opt for some combination of hardware, software, and/or firmware.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the processes via the use of block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, flowcharts, and/or examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those within the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of hardware, software, firmware, or virtually any combination thereof. In one embodiment, several portions of the subject matter described herein may be implemented via Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs), Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), or other integrated formats. However, those skilled in the art will recognize that some aspects of the embodiments disclosed herein, in whole or in part, can be equivalently implemented in integrated circuits, as one or more computer programs running on one or more computers (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more computer systems), as one or more programs running on one or more processors (e.g., as one or more programs running on one or more microprocessors), as firmware, or as virtually any combination thereof, and that designing the circuitry and/or writing the code for the software and or firmware would be well within the skill of one of skill in the art in light of this disclosure. In addition, those skilled in the art will appreciate that the mechanisms of the subject matter described herein are capable of being distributed as a program product in a variety of forms, and that an illustrative embodiment of the subject matter described herein applies regardless of the particular type of signal-bearing medium used to actually carry out the distribution. Examples of a signal-bearing medium include, but are not limited to, the following: a recordable type medium such as a floppy disk, a hard disk drive, a CD, a DVD, a digital tape, a computer memory, etc.; and a transmission type medium such as a digital and/or an analog communication medium (e.g., a fiber optic cable, a waveguide, a wired communications link, a wireless communication link, etc.).
Those skilled in the art will recognize that it is common within the art to describe devices and/or processes in the fashion set forth herein, and thereafter use engineering practices to integrate such described devices and/or processes into data processing systems. That is, at least a portion of the devices and/or processes described herein can be integrated into a data processing system via a reasonable amount of experimentation. Those having skill in the art will recognize that a typical data processing system generally includes one or more of a system unit housing, a video display device, a memory such as volatile and non-volatile memory, processors such as microprocessors and digital signal processors, computational entities such as operating systems, drivers, graphical user interfaces, and applications programs, one or more interaction devices, such as a touch pad or screen, and/or control systems including feedback loops and control motors (e.g., feedback for sensing position and/or velocity; control motors for moving and/or adjusting components and/or quantities). A typical data processing system may be implemented utilizing any suitable commercially available components, such as those generally found in data computing/communication and/or network computing/communication systems.
The herein described subject matter sometimes illustrates different components contained within, or connected with, different other components. It is to be understood that such depicted architectures are merely exemplary, and that, in fact, many other architectures can be implemented which achieve the same functionality. In a conceptual sense, any arrangement of components to achieve the same functionality is effectively “associated” such that the desired functionality is achieved. Hence, any two components herein combined to achieve a particular functionality can be seen as “associated with” each other such that the desired functionality is achieved, irrespective of architectures or intermedial components. Likewise, any two components so associated can also be viewed as being “operably connected” or “operably coupled” to each other to achieve the desired functionality, and any two components capable of being so associated can also be viewed as being “operably couplable” to each other to achieve the desired functionality. Specific examples of operably couplable include, but are not limited to, physically mateable and/or physically interacting components and/or wirelessly interactable and/or wirelessly interacting components and/or logically interacting and/or logically interactable components.
Depending on the desired configuration, the processor 604 may be of any type including, but not limited to, a microprocessor (μP), a microcontroller (μC), a digital signal processor (DSP), or any combination thereof. The processor 604 may include one more levels of caching, such as a level one cache 610 and a level two cache 612, a processor core 614, and registers 616. An example processor core 614 may include an arithmetic logic unit (ALU), a floating point unit (FPU), a digital signal processing core (DSP Core), or any combination thereof. An example memory controller 618 may also be used with the processor 604, or in some implementations the memory controller 618 may be an internal part of the processor 604.
Depending on the desired configuration, the system memory 606 may be of any type including, but not limited to, volatile memory (such as RAM), non-volatile memory (such as ROM, flash memory, etc.), or any combination thereof. The system memory 606 may include an operating system 620, one or more applications 622, and program data 624. The application 622 may include a determination application 626 that is arranged to perform the functions as described herein including those described with respect to methods described herein. The program data 624 may include determination information 628 that may be useful for analyzing the contamination characteristics provided by the sensor unit In some embodiments, the application 622 may be arranged to operate with the program data 624 on the operating system 620 such that the work performed by untrusted computing nodes can be verified as described herein. This described basic configuration 602 is illustrated in
The computing device 600 may have additional features or functionality and additional interfaces to facilitate communications between the basic configuration 602 and any required devices and interfaces. For example, a bus/interface controller 630 may be used to facilitate communications between the basic configuration 602 and one or more data storage devices 632 via a storage interface bus 634. The data storage devices 632 may be removable storage devices 636, non-removable storage devices 638, or a combination thereof. Examples of removable storage and non-removable storage devices include magnetic disk devices such as flexible disk drives and hard-disk drives (HDD), optical disk drives such as compact disk (CD) drives or digital versatile disk (DVD) drives, solid state drives (SSD), and tape drives, to name a few. Example computer storage media may include volatile and nonvolatile, removable and non-removable media implemented in any method or technology for storage of information, such as computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data.
The system memory 606, the removable storage devices 636, and the non-removable storage devices 638 are examples of computer storage media. Computer storage media includes, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory or other memory technology, CD-ROM, digital versatile disks (DVD) or other optical storage, magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which may be used to store the desired information and which may be accessed by the computing device 600. Any such computer storage media may be part of the computing device 600.
The computing device 600 may also include an interface bus 640 for facilitating communication from various interface devices (e.g., output devices 642, peripheral interfaces 644, and communication devices 646) to the basic configuration 602 via the bus/interface controller 630. Example output devices 642 include a graphics processing unit 648 and an audio processing unit 650, which may be configured to communicate to various external devices such as a display or speakers via one or more A/V ports 652. Example peripheral interfaces 644 include a serial interface controller 654 or a parallel interface controller 656, which may be configured to communicate with external devices such as input devices (e.g., keyboard, mouse, pen, voice input device, touch input device, etc.) or other peripheral devices (e.g., printer, scanner, etc.) via one or more I/O ports 658. An example communication device 646 includes a network controller 660, which may be arranged to facilitate communications with one or more other computing devices 662 over a network communication link via one or more communication ports 664.
The network communication link may be one example of a communication media. Communication media may generally be embodied by computer-readable instructions, data structures, program modules, or other data in a modulated data signal, such as a carrier wave or other transport mechanism, and may include any information delivery media. A “modulated data signal” may be a signal that has one or more of its characteristics set or changed in such a manner as to encode information in the signal. By way of example, and not limitation, communication media may include wired media such as a wired network or direct-wired connection, and wireless media such as acoustic, radio frequency (RF), microwave, infrared (IR), and other wireless media. The term “computer-readable media” as used herein may include both storage media and communication media.
The computing device 600 may be implemented as a portion of a small-form factor portable (or mobile) electronic device such as a cell phone, a personal data assistant (PDA), a personal media player device, a wireless web-watch device, a personal headset device, an application-specific device, or a hybrid device that includes any of the above functions. The computing device 600 may also be implemented as a personal computer including both laptop computer and non-laptop computer configurations. The computing device 600 can also be any type of network computing device. The computing device 600 can also be an automated system as described herein.
The embodiments described herein may include the use of a special-purpose or general-purpose computer including various computer hardware or software modules.
Embodiments within the scope of the present invention also include computer-readable media for carrying or having computer-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such computer-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. By way of example, and not limitation, such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code means in the form of computer-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a computer, the computer properly views the connection as a computer-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
Computer-executable instructions comprise, for example, instructions and data which cause a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, or special-purpose processing device to perform a certain function or group of functions. Although the subject matter has been described in language specific to structural features and/or methodological acts, it is to be understood that the subject matter defined in the appended claims is not necessarily limited to the specific features or acts described above. Rather, the specific features and acts described above are disclosed as example forms of implementing the claims.
As used herein, the term “module” or “component” can refer to software objects or routines that execute on the computing system. The different components, modules, engines, and services described herein may be implemented as objects or processes that execute on the computing system (e.g., as separate threads). While the system and methods described herein are preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated. In this description, a “computing entity” may be any computing system as previously defined herein, or any module or combination of modulates running on a computing system.
With respect to the use of substantially any plural and/or singular terms herein, those having skill in the art can translate from the plural to the singular and/or from the singular to the plural as is appropriate to the context and/or application. The various singular/plural permutations may be expressly set forth herein for sake of clarity.
It will be understood by those within the art that, in general, terms used herein, and especially in the appended claims (e.g., bodies of the appended claims) are generally intended as “open” terms (e.g., the term “including” should be interpreted as “including but not limited to,” the term “having” should be interpreted as “having at least,” the term “includes” should be interpreted as “includes but is not limited to,” etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is intended, such an intent will be explicitly recited in the claim, and in the absence of such recitation no such intent is present. For example, as an aid to understanding, the following appended claims may contain usage of the introductory phrases “at least one” and “one or more” to introduce claim recitations. However, the use of such phrases should not be construed to imply that the introduction of a claim recitation by the indefinite articles “a” or “an” limits any particular claim containing such introduced claim recitation to embodiments containing only one such recitation, even when the same claim includes the introductory phrases “one or more” or “at least one” and indefinite articles such as “a” or “an” (e.g., “a” and/or “an” should be interpreted to mean “at least one” or “one or more”); the same holds true for the use of definite articles used to introduce claim recitations. In addition, even if a specific number of an introduced claim recitation is explicitly recited, those skilled in the art will recognize that such recitation should be interpreted to mean at least the recited number (e.g., the bare recitation of “two recitations,” without other modifiers, means at least two recitations, or two or more recitations). Furthermore, in those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, and C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, and C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). In those instances where a convention analogous to “at least one of A, B, or C, etc.” is used, in general such a construction is intended in the sense one having skill in the art would understand the convention (e.g., “a system having at least one of A, B, or C” would include but not be limited to systems that have A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B together, A and C together, B and C together, and/or A, B, and C together, etc.). It will be further understood by those within the art that virtually any disjunctive word and/or phrase presenting two or more alternative terms, whether in the description, claims, or drawings, should be understood to contemplate the possibilities of including one of the terms, either of the terms, or both terms. For example, the phrase “A or B” will be understood to include the possibilities of “A” or “B” or “A and B.”
In addition, where features or aspects of the disclosure are described in terms of Markush groups, those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosure is also thereby described in terms of any individual member or subgroup of members of the Markush group.
As will be understood by one skilled in the art, for any and all purposes, such as in terms of providing a written description, all ranges disclosed herein also encompass any and all possible subranges and combinations of subranges thereof. Any listed range can be easily recognized as sufficiently describing and enabling the same range being broken down into at least equal halves, thirds, quarters, fifths, tenths, etc. As a non-limiting example, each range discussed herein can be readily broken down into a lower third, middle third and upper third, etc. As will also be understood by one skilled in the art all language such as “up to,” “at least,” and the like include the number recited and refer to ranges which can be subsequently broken down into subranges as discussed above. Finally, as will be understood by one skilled in the art, a range includes each individual member. Thus, for example, a group having 1-3 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, or 3 cells. Similarly, a group having 1-5 cells refers to groups having 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5 cells, and so forth.
From the foregoing, it will be appreciated that various embodiments of the present disclosure have been described herein for purposes of illustration, and that various modifications may be made without departing from the scope and spirit of the present disclosure. Accordingly, the various embodiments disclosed herein are not intended to be limiting, with the true scope and spirit being indicated by the following claims.
This patent application cross-references U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/276,839 filed Oct. 19, 2011, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/405,420 filed Oct. 21, 2010, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/418,236 filed Nov. 30, 2010, which patent applications are incorporated herein by specific reference in their entirety.
