Patent Application
20240038433
The present disclosure relates to a magnetic core containing a metal magnetic powder, and a magnetic component including the magnetic core.
There are known magnetic components such as an inductor, a transformer, and a choke coil which include a magnetic core (dust core) containing a metal magnetic powder and a resin. With respect to the magnetic components, various attempts have been made to improve various characteristics such as magnetic permeability.
For example, JP 2004-197218 A and JP 2004-363466 A disclose that when using a metal magnetic powder obtained by mixing a crystalline alloy powder and an amorphous alloy powder, a packing rate of the metal magnetic powder in the magnetic core is improved and the magnetic permeability or a core loss (magnetic loss) can be improved.
In addition, JP 2011-192729 A discloses that when using two kinds of metal magnetic powders different in a particle size, and adjusting a particle size ratio of the two kinds of metal magnetic powders within a predetermined range, a magnetic core in which a metal magnetic powder is packed at a high density is obtained, and the magnetic permeability is improved.
In recent, a demand for a reduction in size, high efficiency, and energy saving in the magnetic components is increasing, and thus it is required to improve a core loss and DC bias characteristics in a compatible manner.
The present disclosure has been made in view of above circumstances, and an object of exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure is to provide a magnetic core in which a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics are compatible with each other, and a magnetic component including the magnetic core.
To accomplish the object, a magnetic core according to the present disclosure containing: metal magnetic particles, a total area ratio occupied by the metal magnetic particles on a cross-section of the magnetic core is 75% to 90%, the metal magnetic particles include, first large particles having a nanocrystal structure and having a Heywood diameter of 3 μm or more on the cross-section of the magnetic core, and second large particles having an amorphous structure and having a Heywood diameter of 3 μm or more on the cross-section of the magnetic core, and an insulation coating of the first large particles is thicker than an insulation coating of the second large particles.
When the magnetic core has the above-described characteristics, a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics are compatible with each other.
Preferably, T1/T2 is preferably 1.3 to 20, in which an average thickness of the insulation coating of the first large particles is set to T1, and an average thickness of the insulation coating of the second large particles is set to T2.
Preferably, the average thickness T2 of the insulation coating of the second large particles is 5 to 50 nm.
Preferably, the metal magnetic particles include a particle group in which a Heywood diameter on the cross-section of the magnetic core is less than 3 μm, and the particle group in which the Heywood diameter is less than 3 μm includes two or more kinds of small particles different in a coating composition.
The magnetic core of the present disclosure is applicable to various magnetic components such as an inductor, a transformer, and a choke coil.
Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described in detail based on an embodiment shown in the drawings.
A magnetic core 2 according to this embodiment may maintain a predetermined shape, and an external size or a shape thereof is not particularly limited. As shown in a cross-sectional view of
A total area ratio A0 occupied by the metal magnetic particles 10 on a cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is 75% to 90%. The total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles 10 corresponds to a packing rate of the metal magnetic particles 10 in the magnetic core 2, and may be calculated by performing analysis on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 by using an electronic microscope such as a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM).
For example, observation is performed by dividing any cross-section of the magnetic core 2 into a plurality of continuous fields of view, and an area of each of the metal magnetic particles 10 included in each of the fields of view is measured. Then, the sum of the areas of the metal magnetic particles 10 is divided by a total area of the observed fields of view to calculate the total area ratio A0(%) of the metal magnetic particles 10. In the cross-section analysis, the total area of the fields of view is preferably set to at least 1000000 μm2. In addition, in the cross-section analysis, in a case where a cut-out surface (a surface obtained by cutting out and polishing the magnetic core 2) of an observation sample is less than the total area of the fields of view, after analyzing a predetermined cut-out surface, the cut-out surface may be polished again by 100 μm or more, and the cross-section analysis may be performed again to set the total area of the fields of view to 1000000 μm2 or more.
The metal magnetic particles 10 contained in the magnetic core 2 include a first particle group 10a in which a Heywood diameter is 3 μm or more, and preferably further includes a second particle group 10b in which a Heywood diameter is less than 3 μm. Here, the “Heywood diameter” in this embodiment represents a circle equivalent diameter of each of the metal magnetic particles 10 observed on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2. Specifically, an area of each of the metal magnetic particles 10 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set to S, and the Heywood diameter of each of the metal magnetic particles 10 is expressed by (4S/π)1/2.
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the first particle group 10a and the second particle group 10b, in the magnetic core 2, a content rate of the first particle group 10a is preferably larger than a content rate of the second particle group 10b. That is, on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2, when a total area ratio occupied by first particle group 10a is set to A1, and a total area ratio occupied by second particle group 10b is set to A2, the area ratio of the metal magnetic particles 10 preferably satisfies a relationship of A1>A2. When the content rate of the first particle group 10a is set to be larger than the content rate of the second particle group 10b, the magnetic permeability of the magnetic core 2 can be improved. Note that, the sum of A1 and A2 becomes the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles 10 (A1+A2=A0), and A1 and A2 may be measured by a similar method as in A0.
In addition, the metal magnetic particles 10 preferably include two or more particle groups different in an average particle size. For example, the metal magnetic particles 10 may include at least large particles 11 corresponding to the first particle group 10a, but the metal magnetic particles 10 preferably include the large particles 11 and small particles 12, and may include other medium particles 13. The large particles 11, the small particles 12, and the medium particles 13 can be distinguished on the basis of a particle size distribution of the metal magnetic particles 10. The particle size distribution of the metal magnetic particles 10 may be specified by measuring the Heywood diameter of at least 1000 pieces of the metal magnetic particles 10 on any cross-section of the magnetic core 2.
For example, graphs exemplified in
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 are constituted by two particle groups (large particles and small particles) different in an average particle size, as shown in
As shown in
Here, the “particle group belonging to a peak located on the largest diameter side” represents a particle group included in a range from the bottom (the rightmost end) of the distribution curve to a local minimum point through a peak top point when tracing the distribution curve from the large diameter side (the right side of the graph). That is, in a case of the particle size distribution shown in
In addition, D20 represents a Heywood diameter in which an area-basis cumulative frequency is 20%. In the particle size distributions in
The “particle group belonging to a peak located on the smallest diameter side” represents a particle group included in a range from the bottom (leftmost end) of the distribution curve to a local minimum point through a peak top point when tracing the distribution curve from the small diameter side (the left side of the graph). That is, in a case of the particle size distribution shown in
In addition, D80 represents a Heywood diameter in which an area-basis cumulative frequency becomes 80%. In the particle size distributions in
Note that, in the particle size distribution shown in
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include two or more particle groups different in an average particle size, the small particles 12, and/or the medium particles 13 may have the same particle composition as in the large particles 11, or may have a particle composition different from the particle composition of the large particles 11. Note that, “different in a particle composition” represents a case where kinds of constituent elements contained in a particle main body are different from each other, or a case where content ratios of the constituent elements are different from each other even though kinds of the constituent elements match each other. The constituent elements represent elements contained in the particle main body in an amount of 1 at % or more. That is, it is assumed that elements other than impurity elements among the elements contained in the particle main body are referred to as the constituent elements.
In a case where the small particles 12 and/or the medium particles 13 have a particle composition different from the particle composition of the large particles 11, the metal magnetic particles 10 may be classified by using composition analysis and particle size analysis in combination. Specifically, at the time of observing the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 by an electron microscope, the composition of each of the metal magnetic particles 10 included in an observation field of view is analyzed by using an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX device) or an electron probe microanalyzer (EPMA), and the metal magnetic particles 10 are classified on the basis of the composition. Then, a plurality of distribution curves are obtained by measuring the Heywood diameter of the metal magnetic particles 10 belonging to each composition.
For example, in a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 are constituted by four particle groups different in a particle composition, four distribution curves are obtained as shown in
As shown in
As described above, D20 of the large particles 11 is preferably 3 μm or more, and the Heywood diameter of the large particles 11 is preferably 3 μm or more in any particle. In addition, an average value (arithmetic average diameter) of the Heywood diameter of the large particles 11 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 5 to 40 μm, and more preferably 10 to 35 μm as an example. D80 of the small particles 12 is preferably less than 3 μm, and the Heywood diameter of the small particles 12 is preferably less than 3 μm in any particle. In addition, an average value (arithmetic average diameter) of the Heywood diameter of the small particles 12 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 2 μm or less, and more preferably 0.2 μm or more and less than 2 μm as an example.
When a total area ratio occupied by the large particles 11 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set as AL, and a total area ratio occupied by the small particles 12 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set as AS, AL is preferably larger than AS (AL>AS). Specifically, a ratio (AL/A0) of the total area of the large particles 11 to the total area of the metal magnetic particles 10 is preferably more than 50% and equal to or less than 90%, and more preferably 60% to 82%. In addition, a ratio (AS/A0) of the total area of the small particles 12 to the total area of the metal magnetic particles 10 is preferably 8% or more and less than 50%, and more preferably 10% to 40%. When the magnetic core 2 contains the small particles 12 at the above-described ratio in combination with the large particles 11, the magnetic permeability can be improved. Note that, AL and AS described above may be measured by a similar method as in A0.
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the medium particles 13, an average value (arithmetic average diameter) of the Heywood diameter of the medium particles 13 is not particularly limited, and is preferably 3 to 5 μm as an example. In addition, a ratio (AM/A0) of the total area of the medium particles 13 to the total area of the metal magnetic particles 10 is preferably 5% to 30%.
In addition, an average circularity of the large particles 11 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is preferably 0.90 or more, and more preferably 0.95 or more. As the average circularity of the large particles 11 is higher, a withstand voltage and DC bias characteristics can be further improved. Note that, the circularity of the each of the large particles 11 is expressed by 2(πSL)1/2/L when an area of each of the large particles 11 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set as SL, and a peripheral length of the large particle 11 is set as L. The circularity of a perfect circle is 1, and a spheroidicity of a particle becomes higher as the circularity is closer to 1. An average circularity of the large particles 11 is preferably calculated by measuring the circularity of at least 100 large particles 11.
Note that, the average circularity of the small particles 12 and the average circularity of the medium particles 13 are not particularly limited, but the small particles 12 and the medium particles 13 preferably have a high average circularity as in the large particles 11. Specifically, any of the average circularity of the small particles 12 and the average circularity of the medium particles 13 is preferably 0.80 or more.
Note that, in this embodiment, the methods shown in
In the magnetic core 2 of this embodiment, the large particles 11 can be subdivided into two kinds of particle groups different in an intragranular substance state. Specifically, the large particles 11 include first large particles 11a having a nanocrystal structure, and second large particles 11b having an amorphous structure.
Here, the “nanocrystal structure” represents a substance state in which the degree of amorphization X is less than 85%, and an average crystallite diameter is 0.5 to 30 nm. A maximum diameter of a crystallite in the nanocrystal structure is preferably 100 nm or less. On the other hand, the “amorphous structure” represents a substance state in which the degree of amorphization X is 85% or more, and the amorphous structure includes a structure consisting of only an amorphous substance, and a structure consisting of hetero-amorphous substances. The structure consisting of the hetero amorphous substances represents a structure in which an initial fine crystal exists in the amorphous substance, and an average diameter of the initial fine crystal in the hetero amorphous structure is preferably 0.1 to 10 nm. Note that, in this embodiment, a “crystalline structure” represents a substance state in which the degree of amorphization X is less than 85%, and the average crystallite diameter is 100 nm or more.
The intragranular substance state (that is, the degree of amorphization X or the crystallite size) can be specified by structure analysis using various electron microscopes such as a SEM, a TEM, and a STEM, electron beam diffraction, X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), or the like. For example, in an orientation mapping image of the EBSD, a bright field image of the electron microscope, and the like, a crystalline portion and an amorphous portion can be visually identified, and the degree of amorphization X and the average crystallite diameter can be measured by analyzing the images. In addition, in a case where spots caused by crystals are not confirmed in the electron beam diffraction, measurement target particles can be specified when the measurement target particles have an amorphous structure.
Note that, the degree of amorphization X (unit: %) is expressed by a relationship of X=(PA/(PC+PA))×100 when a ratio of crystals is set as PC, and a ratio of an amorphous substance is set as PA. In a case of calculating the degree of amorphization X by using the XRD, the ratio PC of the crystals may be measured as a crystalline scattering integrated intensity Ic, and the ratio PA of the amorphous substance may be measured as an amorphous scattering integrated intensity Ia. In a case of calculating the degree of amorphization X by using the EBSD or the electron microscope, PC may be measured as an area ratio of a crystal portion in a grain, and PA may be measured as an area ratio of an amorphous portion.
In a case of classifying the large particles 11 by the electron microscope, as described above, structure analysis for specifying a substance state is performed on the large particles 11 included in an observation field of view, but the structure analysis may be performed by arbitrarily selecting some large particles 11 in the observation field of view. In this case, large particles 11 for which the substance state is specified may be regarded as analysis particles, and the other large particles 11 having the same composition as in the analysis particles can be regarded to have the same substance state as in the analysis particles.
For example, in a case where Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based first large particles 11a and Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based second large particles 11b exist as the large particles 11, an Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based particle group and an Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based particle group can be identified by area analysis using the EDX. Then, structure analysis is performed by selecting any analysis target particle from the Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based particle group, and when it can be specified that the analysis target particle has a nanocrystal structure, any of the Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based particle group can be regarded to have the nanocrystal structure. Similarly, structure analysis is performed by selecting any analysis target particle from the Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based particle group, and when it can be specified that the analysis target particle has an amorphous structure, any of the Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based particle group can be regarded to have the amorphous structure.
Any of the nanocrystalline first large particles 11a and the amorphous second large particles 11b are composed of a soft magnetic alloy, and an alloy composition thereof is not particularly limited. The first large particles 11a and the second large particles 11b have substance states different from each other, but may have the same alloy composition or may have alloy compositions different from each other. Examples of a soft magnetic alloy having the nanocrystal structure or a soft magnetic alloy having the amorphous structure include an Fe—Si—B-based alloy, an Fe—Si—B—C-based alloy, an Fe—Si—B—C—Cr-based alloy, an Fe—Nb—B-based alloy, an Fe—Nb—B—P-based alloy, an Fe—Nb—B—Si-based alloy, an Fe—Co—P—C-based alloy, an Fe—Co—B-based alloy, an Fe—Co—B—Si-based alloy, an Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy, an Fe—Si—B—Nb—P-based alloy, an Fe—Co—B—P—Si-based alloy, an Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based alloy, and the like.
A total area ratio occupied by the nanocrystalline first large particles 11a on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set as AL1, and a ratio of the total area of the first large particles 11a to the total area of the metal magnetic particles 10 is expressed as AL1/A0. Similarly, a total area ratio occupied by the amorphous second large particles 11b on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is set as AL2, and a ratio of the total area of the second large particles 11b to the total area of the metal magnetic particles 10 is expressed as AL2/A0. Any of AL1/A0 and AL2/A0 is preferably 3% or more, and more preferably 7% to 42%.
In addition, AL1/(AL1+AL2) and AL2/(AL1+AL2) are preferably set within a range of 4% to 96%, AL1/(AL1+AL2) is more preferably 50% to 90% from the viewpoint of lowering the core loss, and AL2/(AL1+AL2) is more preferably 50% to 90% from the viewpoint of obtaining more excellent DC bias characteristics. In order to improve the core loss and the DC bias characteristics with balance, AL1/(AL1+AL2) and AL2/(AL1+AL2) are preferably 20% to 80%, and more preferably 40% to 60%. Note that, AL1 and AL2 may be measured by a similar method as in the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles 10.
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the small particles 12, a composition of the small particles 12 is not particularly limited. The small particles 12 may have the amorphous structure or the nanocrystal structure, but it is preferable to have the crystalline structure from the viewpoint of a saturation magnetic flux. Examples of a soft magnetic metal having the crystalline structure include pure iron such as carbonyl iron, Co, an Fe—Ni-based alloy, an Fe—Si-based alloy, an Fe—Si—Cr-based alloy, an Fe—Si—Al-based alloy, an Fe—Si—Al—Ni-based alloy, an Fe—Ni—Si—Co-based alloy, an Fe—Co-based alloy, an Fe—Co—V-based alloy, an Fe—Co—Si-based alloy, an Fe—Co—Si—Al-based alloy, a Co-based alloy, and the like. Particularly, the small particles 12 are preferably pure iron particles, Fe—Ni-based alloy particles, Fe—Co-based alloy particles, Fe—Si-based alloy particles, or Co particles.
In addition, in a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the medium particles 13, a composition of the medium particles 13 is not particularly limited. For example, the medium particles 13 may have the crystalline structure, but it is preferable to have the nanocrystal structure or the amorphous structure from the viewpoint of lowering coercivity.
Note that, the composition of the metal magnetic particles 10 can be analyzed, for example, by using an EDX device or an EPMA attached to an electron microscope. In a case where the first large particles 11a and the second large particles 11b have particle composition different from each other, the first large particles 11a and the second large particles 11b can be identified by area analysis using the EDX device or the EPMA in some cases. In addition, the composition of the metal magnetic particles 10 may be analyzed by using a three-dimensional atom probe (3DAP). In a case of using the 3DAP, an average composition can be measured by setting a small region (for example, a region of Φ20 nm×100 nm) at the inside of the metal magnetic particles as a measurement target, a composition of a particle main body can be specified by excluding a resin component contained in the magnetic core 2, and an influence due to oxidation of a particle surface or the like.
As shown in
In addition, any of the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b may have a deviation in a thickness in a single particle, but it is preferable to have a uniform thickness as possible. For example, an arithmetic average height Ra in a contour curve of a coating surface is preferably 0.5 to 100 nm. Ra is a kind of a line roughness parameter. An outermost surface portion of the insulation coating (4a or 4b) observed on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 may be specified as the contour curve, and Ra may be calculated in conformity to a method defined in JIS standard B601.
A material of the insulation coating 4a and a material of the insulation coating 4b are not particularly limited, and the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b may have the same composition or may be compositions different from each other. For example, the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b may include a coating due to oxidation of the particle surface, and/or a coating containing an inorganic material such as BN, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, phosphate, silicate, borosilicate, bismuthate, and various kinds of glass.
From the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in resistivity of the magnetic core 2, any of the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b preferably includes an oxide glass coating containing one or more kinds of elements selected among P, Si, Bi, and Zn. In the oxide glass coating, when a total amount of elements excluding oxygen among elements contained in the coating is set to 100 wt %, it is preferable that the total amount of one or more kinds of elements selected among P, Si, Bi, and Zn is the greatest, and more preferably 50 wt % or more, and still more preferably 60 wt % or more.
Examples of the oxide glass coating include a phosphate (P2O5)-based glass coating, a bismuthate (Bi2O3)-based glass coating, a borosilicate (B2O3—SiO2)-based glass coating, and the like. Examples of the phosphate-based glass include P—Zn—Al—O-based glass, P—Zn—Al—R—O-based glass (“R” is one or more kinds of elements selected from alkali metals), and the like, and 50 wt % or more of P2O5 is preferably contained in the phosphate-based glass coating. Examples of the bismuthate-based glass include Bi—Zn—B—Si—O-based glass, Bi—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based glass, and the like, and 50 wt % or more of Bi2O3 is preferably contained in the bismuthate-based glass coating. Examples of the borosilicate-based glass include Ba—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based glass, and the like, and 10 wt % or more of B2O3 is preferably contained in the borosilicate-based glass coating.
Note that, any of the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b may have a single-layer structure or may have a multilayer structure. Examples of the multilayer structure include a stacked structure including an oxide layer of a particle surface and an oxide glass layer that covers the oxide layer. In a case where the insulation coating (4a and/or 4b) has the multilayer structure, a total thickness of respective layers is set as the thickness of the insulation coating. In addition, a composition of the insulation coating 4a and the insulation coating 4b can be analyzed, for example, by the EDX, the EPMA, or electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS).
In the magnetic core 2 of this embodiment, the insulation coating 4a of the first large particles 11a is thicker than the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b. When the first large particles 11a having the nanocrystal structure includes an insulation coating thicker than an insulation coating of the second large particles 11b having the amorphous structure (in other words, when the second large particles 11b having the amorphous structure include the insulation coating thinner than the insulation coating of the first large particles 11a having the nanocrystal structure), the DC bias characteristics can be improved while reducing the core loss.
When an average thickness of the insulation coating 4a of the first large particles 11a is set as T1, and an average thickness of the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b is set as T2, T1/T2 is more than 1.0, preferably 1.3 or more, and more preferably 1.3 to 20. In addition, T1 is preferably 200 nm or less, and T2 is preferably 5 to 50 nm.
T1 may be calculated by observing the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 with various electron microscopes, and it is preferable to calculate T1 by measuring the thickness of the insulation coating 4a with respect to at least 10 first large particles 1 la. T2 may be calculated by a similar method as in T1.
Note that, large particles 11 which do not include the insulation coating 4 may be contained in the magnetic core 2.
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the small particles 12, the small particles 12 may not include an insulation coating, but each of the small particles 12 preferably includes an insulation coating 6 that covers a particle surface. A material of the insulation coating 6 is not particularly limited, for example, the insulation coating 6 may be a coating (oxide coating) due to oxidation of a surface of the small particle 12, or a coating containing an inorganic material such as BN, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, phosphate, silicate, borosilicate, bismuthate, and various kinds of glass, and it is preferable to include an oxide glass coating. In addition, the insulation coating 6 may have a single-layer structure, or may have a structure in which two or more coatings are stacked. An average thickness of the insulation coating 6 is not particularly limited, and for example, the average thickness is preferably 5 to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 to 50 nm.
In a case where the metal magnetic particles 10 include the medium particles 13, the medium particles 13 preferably include an insulation coating that covers a particle surface in a similar manner as in the other particle groups. A composition of the insulation coating of the medium particles 13 is not particularly limited, and may have the same composition as in the insulation coating (4a or 4b) of the large particles 11, or may have a composition different from the composition of the insulation coating (4a or 4b) of the large particles 11. An average thickness of the insulation coating of the medium particles 13 is not particularly limited, and for example, the average thickness is preferably 5 to 200 nm, and more preferably 10 to 50 nm.
The insulation coating 6 of the small particles 12 and the insulation coating of the medium particles 13 may cover the entirety of the particle surface as in the insulation coating 4 or may cover only a part of the particle surface. Each of the insulation coatings preferably covers 80% or more of the particle surface observed on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2. Note that, the small particles 12 or the medium particles 13 which do not include the insulation coating may be contained in the magnetic core 2.
The resin 20 functions an insulating binder that fixes the metal magnetic particles 10 in a predetermined dispersed state. A material of the resin 20 is not particularly limited, and the resin 20 preferably includes a thermosetting resin such as an epoxy resin.
Note that, the magnetic core 2 may contain a modifier for suppressing contact between soft magnetic metal particles. As the modifier, polymeric materials such as polyethylene glycol (PEG), polypropylene glycol (PPG), and polycaprolactone (PCL) can be used, and polymeric materials having a polycaprolactone structure are preferably used. Examples of a polymer having the polycaprolactone structure include raw materials of urethane such as polycaprolactone diol and polycaprolactone tetraol, and part of polyesters. The content of the modifier is preferably 0.025 to 0.500 wt % with respect to the total amount of the magnetic core 2. It is considered that the modifier exists in a state of being absorbed to coat the surface of the metal magnetic particles 10.
Hereinafter, an example of a method of manufacturing the magnetic core 2 according to this embodiment is described.
First, a raw material powder including the first large particles 11a and a raw material powder including the second large particles 11b are manufactured as a raw material powder of the metal magnetic particles 10. In addition, in a case of adding the small particles 12 or the medium particles 13 to the magnetic core 2, a raw material powder including the small particles 12 and a raw material powder including the medium particles 13 are prepared. A method of manufacturing each of the raw material powders is not particularly limited, and an appropriate manufacturing method may be used in corresponding to a desired particle composition. For example, the raw material powders may be prepared by an atomization method such as a water atomization method and a gas atomization method. Alternatively, the raw material powders may be prepared by a synthesis method such as a CVD method using at least one or more kinds among evaporation, reduction, and thermal decomposition of metal salts. In addition, the raw material powders may be prepared by using an electrolytic method or a carbonyl method, or may be prepared by pulverizing starting alloys having a ribbon shape or a thin plate. Particularly, a raw material powder including the first large particles 11a and a raw material powder including the second large particles 11b are preferably manufactured by a rapid-cooling gas atomization method.
A particle size of each of the raw material powders can be adjusted by manufacturing conditions of the powders or various classification methods. In addition, it is preferable to perform a heat treatment for controlling a crystal structure of the first large particles 11a on the raw material powder including the first large particles 11a.
Note that, in a case where the small particles 12 is set to have the same composition as in the large particles 11 (the first large particles 11a and/or the second large particles 11b), a raw material powder having a wide particle size distribution may be manufactured, and the raw material powder may be classified to obtain a raw material powder including the large particles 11 and a raw material powder including the small particles 12.
Next, a coating forming treatment is performed on each of the raw material powder. In a case of manufacturing the magnetic core by using metal magnetic powders including a plurality of particle groups, typically, a plurality of raw material powders are mixed and then the coating forming treatment is performed at a time on the mixed powder to simplify a manufacturing process. However, when performing the coating forming treatment on the mixed powder, insulation coatings of respective particle groups have a similar thickness (that is, T1≈T2). In this embodiment, in order to make the insulation coating 4a of the first large particles 11a thicker than the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b (that is, to realize a relationship of T1>T2), the coating forming treatment is individually performed on the first large particles 11a and the second large particles 11b.
Examples of a coating forming treatment method include a heat treatment, a phosphate treatment, mechanical alloying, a silane coupling treatment, hydrothermal synthesis, and the like, and an appropriate coating forming treatment may be selected in correspondence with the kind of the insulation coating to be formed.
For example, in a case where the insulation coating 4a and/or the insulation coating 4b include the oxide glass coating, the oxide glass coating is preferably formed by a mechano-chemical method using a mechano-fusion device. Specifically, in a coating forming treatment by the mechano-chemical method, a raw material powder including large particles, and a powder-shaped coating material including a constituent element of an insulation coating are introduced into a rotary rotor of the mechano-fusion device, and the rotary rotor is caused to rotate. A press head is provided inside the rotary rotor, and when the rotary rotor is caused to rotate, a mixture of the raw material powder and the coating material is compressed in a gap between an inner wall surface of the rotary rotor and the press head, and friction heat occurs. Due to the friction heat, the coating material is softened, and is fixed to a surface of the large particles due to a compression operation, and the oxide glass coating is formed.
Note that, the thickness of the insulation coating 4a and the thickness of the insulation coating 4b may be controlled on the basis of a mixing ratio of the coating material, a rotation speed, treatment time, and the like.
In a case of forming the insulation coating 6 with respect to the small particles 12, it is preferable to form the insulation coating 6 by mixing a raw material powder including the small particles 12 and a powder-shaped coating material including a constituent element of the insulation coating 6 while applying mechanical impact energy to the resultant mixture, and it is more preferable to form the insulation coating 6 by mixing the raw material powder and the coating material while applying impact, compression, and shear energy to the resultant mixture. In the coating forming treatment, as a device capable of applying mechanical energy to a powder, a powder treatment device such as a planetary ball mill and Nobilta manufactured by HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION can be used. For example, in a coating forming treatment performed on the small particles 12, a powder treatment device 60 capable of performing mixing at a high rotation speed as shown in
The powder treatment device 60 has a cylindrical cross-section and includes a chamber 61 in which a rotatable blade 62 is provided inside the chamber 61. A raw material powder including the small particles 12 and a coating material are put into the chamber 61, and the blade 62 is caused to rotate at a rotational speed of 2000 to 6000 rpm, thereby applying mechanical impact, compression, and shear energy to a mixture 63 of the raw material powder and the coating material. When using the powder treatment device 60, even in the small particles 12 having a small particle size, the insulation coating 6 can be formed on the particle surface.
In a case of using the medium particles 13 including an insulation coating, the medium particles 13 may be mixed with the first large particles 11a or the second large particles 11b and may be subjected to the coating forming treatment in combination with the first large particles 11a or the second large particles 11b to form the insulation coating on surfaces of the medium particles 13. Alternatively, the coating forming treatment may be individually performed on only the raw material powder of the medium particles 13.
Hereinafter, a method of manufacturing the magnetic core 2 by using respective raw material powders of the metal magnetic particle 10 is described. First, respective raw material powders on which the insulation coating is formed and a resin raw material (thermosetting resin or the like) are kneaded to obtain a resin compound. In the kneading process, various kneaders such as a kneader, a planetary mixer, a rotation/revolution mixer, and a twin-screw extruder may be used, and a modifier, a preservative, a dispersant, a non-magnetic powder, or the like may be added to the resin compound.
Next, the resin compound is filled in a press mold and compression molding is performed to obtain a green compact. A molding pressure at this time is not particularly limited, and is preferably set to, for example, 50 to 1200 MPa. Note that, a total area ratio of the metal magnetic particles 10 in the magnetic core 2 can be controlled by an addition amount of the resin 20, but can also be controlled by the molding pressure. In a case of using the thermosetting resin as the resin 20, the green compact is maintained at 100° C. to 200° C. for 1 to 5 hours to harden the thermosetting resin. The magnetic core 2 shown in
The magnetic core 2 according to this embodiment is applicable to various magnetic components such as an inductor, a transformer, and a choke coil. For example, a magnetic component 100 shown in
In the magnetic component 100 shown in
An application of the magnetic component 100 shown in
(Summary of First Embodiment)
The magnetic core 2 of this embodiment contains the metal magnetic particles 10 and the resin 20, and the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles 10 appear on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2 is 75% to 90%. The metal magnetic particles 10 include the first large particles 11a having the nanocrystal structure, and the second large particles 11b having the amorphous structure, and the insulation coating 4a of the first large particles 11a is thicker than the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b.
Since the magnetic core 2 has the above-described characteristics, the core loss characteristics and the DC bias characteristics can be improved in a compatible manner. Specifically, the following facts have been clarified by experiments conducted by inventors of the present disclosure.
When comparing a magnetic core containing particles having the nanocrystal structure as a main powder (hereinafter, such magnetic core may be referred to as a nanocrystalline magnetic core) and a magnetic core containing particles having the amorphous structure as a main powder (hereinafter, such magnetic core may be referred to as an amorphous magnetic core) with each other, the core loss of the nanocrystalline magnetic core is lower in comparison to the amorphous magnetic core, and the DC bias characteristics of the amorphous magnetic core are more excellent in comparison to the nanocrystalline magnetic core. Therefore, when using a mixed powder of the particles having the nanocrystal structure and the particles having the amorphous structure as a main powder, the core loss can be further reduced than the core loss of the amorphous magnetic core. However, when simply mixing the particles having the nanocrystal structure and the particles having the amorphous structure, the DC bias characteristics deteriorate due to characteristics of the particles having the nanocrystal structure (a variation rate (%) of magnetic permeability in accordance with application of a DC magnetic field increases).
In the magnetic core 2 of this embodiment, it is possible to suppress the DC bias characteristics from deteriorating due to the particles having the nanocrystal structure by mixing the first large particles 11a which include the relatively thick insulation coating 4a and have the nanocrystal structure, and the second large particles 11b which include the relatively thin insulation coating 4b and have the amorphous structure. As a result, in the magnetic core 2 of this embodiment, excellent DC bias characteristics can be obtained while reducing the core loss even in the amorphous magnetic core.
The ratio (T1/T2) of the average thickness T1 of the insulation coating 4a of the first large particles 11a to the average thickness T2 of the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b is preferably 1.3 to 20. When T1/T2 is set to the above-described range, the low core loss and the excellent DC bias characteristics can be made to be more appropriately compatible with each other.
In addition, the average thickness T2 of the insulation coating 4b of the second large particles 11b is preferably 5 to 50 nm. Typically, when the insulation coating is made to be thicker, it is necessary to raise the molding pressure so as to secure the packing rate of the metal magnetic particles. However, when the molding pressure is raised, the core loss will increase due to an influence of magnetostriction. In the magnetic core 2 of this embodiment, since T2 is set to the above-described range, the core loss can be further reduced while securing high magnetic permeability.
In a second embodiment, a magnetic core 2a shown in
As shown in
Two or more kinds of small particles 12 different in a composition of the insulation coating 6 are contained in the magnetic core 2a. In other words, the small particles 12 included in the metal magnetic particles 10 can be subdivided into two or more kinds of small particle groups on the basis of a coating composition. Specifically, the small particles 12 include at least first small particles 12a including a first insulation coating 6a and second small particles 12b including a second insulation coating 6b having a composition different from a composition of the first insulation coating 6a, and may further include third small particles 12c to nth small particles 12x having a coating composition different from that of the other small particle groups. n represents the number of small particle groups in a case of subdividing the small particles 12 on the basis of the coating composition, and an upper limit of n is not particularly limited. From the viewpoint of simplifying manufacturing processes, n is preferably 4 or less.
Here, “different in a coating composition” represents that the kinds of constituent elements contained in the insulation coating 6 are different from each other, and the constituent elements of the insulation coating 6 represent elements contained in the insulation coating 6 by 1 at % or more when a total content ratio of elements other than oxygen and carbon among elements contained in the insulation coating 6 is set to 100 at %. The composition of the insulation coating 6 may be analyzed by area analysis or point analysis using the EDX device or the EPMA.
A material of the insulation coatings 6 (the first insulation coating 6a, the second insulation coating 6b, and the third insulation coating 6c to the nth insulation coating 6x) included in the small particles 12 is not particularly limited. For example, each of the insulation coatings 6 may be set as a coating (oxide coating) due to oxidation of surfaces of the small particles 12, or a coating containing an inorganic material such as BN, SiO2, MgO, Al2O3, phosphate, silicate, borosilicate, bismuthate, and various kinds of glass. It is preferable that the insulation coating 6 includes an oxide glass coating. Examples of the oxide glass include silicate (SiO2)-based glass, phosphate (P2O5)-based glass, bismuthate (Bi2O3)-based glass, borosilicate (B2O3—SiO2)-based glass, and the like.
The first insulation coating 6a and the second insulation coating 6b may have compositions different from each other, and a combination of coating compositions is not particularly limited. For example, as a combination of the first insulation coating 6a and the second insulation coating 6b, a combination of a P—O-based glass coating and a P—Zn—Al—O-based glass coating, a combination of a Bi—Zn—B—Si—O-based glass coating and an Si—O-based glass coating, or a combination of a Ba—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based glass coating and an Si—O-based glass coating is preferable, and the combination of the Ba—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based glass coating and the Si—O-based glass coating is more preferable. Even in a case where the small particles 12 include the third small particles 12c to the nth small particles 12x in addition to the first small particles 12a and the second small particles 12b, the combination of the coating compositions is not particularly limited, and the third small particles 12c to the nth small particles 12x preferably include the oxide glass coating having a composition different from compositions of the other small particle groups.
The average thickness of the insulation coating 6 is not particularly limited, and for example, the average thickness is preferably 5 to 100 nm, and more preferably 5 to 50 nm. The first insulation coating 6a to the nth insulation coating 6x may have a similar average thickness or may have average thicknesses different from each other.
Note that, the insulation coating 6 such as the first insulation coating 6a and the second insulation coating 6b may have a stacked structure in which a plurality of coating layers are stacked. For example, the insulation coating 6 may have a stacked structure including an oxide layer of a particle surface, and an oxide glass layer that covers the oxide layer. In a case where one or more kinds of the insulation coatings 6 among the first insulation coating 6a to the nth insulation coating 6x has the stacked structure, a composition of an outermost layer (a coating layer located on the most surface side) may be different among the first insulation coating 6a to the nth insulation coating 6x, and compositions of the other coating layers located between the outermost layer and the particle surface may match each other or may be different from each other among the first insulation coating 6a to the nth insulation coating 6x.
In addition, any of the first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x may have the same particle composition or may have particle compositions different from each other. A substance state of the first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x is not particularly limited, and one or more kinds of small particle groups among the first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x may be amorphous or nanocrystals, but as described above, any of the first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x is preferably crystalline.
Total area ratios occupied by the first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2a are set as AS1 to ASn. In this case, a total area ratio AS occupied by the small particles 12 on the cross-section of the magnetic core 2a can be expressed as the sum of AS1 to ASn. In addition, ratios of the total area ratios of respective small particle groups to the total area ratio AS of the small particles 12 can be expressed as AS1/AS to ASn/AS. Any of AS1/AS to ASn/AS is preferably 1% or more, more preferably 6% or more, and still more preferably 10% or more.
When manufacturing the magnetic core 2a, the coating forming treatment is individually formed on each of the small particle groups (first small particles 12a to the nth small particles 12x), and in the coating forming treatment on each of the small particle groups, the powder treatment device 60 as shown in
(Summary of Second Embodiment)
In the magnetic core 2a of the second embodiment, the second particle group 10b in which the Heywood diameter is less than 3 μm includes two or more kinds of small particles 12 (the first small particles 12a, the second small particles 12b, and the like) different in a coating composition.
As described above, when the metal magnetic particles 10 include two or more kinds of small particles 12 different in a coating composition, it is considered that when being kneaded with a resin, an electrical repulsive force between the metal magnetic particles is improved, and magnetic aggregation of the metal magnetic particles 10 is suppressed. As a result, in the magnetic core 2a, the DC bias characteristics can be further improved.
Hereinbefore, the embodiments of the present disclosure have been described, but the present disclosure is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications can be made within a range not departing from the gist of the present disclosure.
For example, the structure of the magnetic component is not limited to the aspect shown in
Hereinafter, the present disclosure is described in more detail with reference to specific examples. However, the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
In Experiment 1, nanocrystalline magnetic core samples (Sample A1 to Sample A6) and amorphous magnetic core samples (Sample A7 to Sample A12) were manufactured by using a metal magnetic powder obtained by mixing one kind of large particles and one kind of small particles. Note that, the magnetic cores of Samples A1 to A12 illustrated in Experiment 1 correspond to comparative examples of the present disclosure.
First, as a raw material powder of the metal magnetic particles, a large-diameter powder having the nanocrystal structure, a large-diameter powder having the amorphous structure, and a small-diameter powder composed of small particles of pure iron were prepared. The large-diameter powder having the nanocrystal structure is an Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy powder and was manufactured by performing a heat treatment on a powder obtained by a rapid cooling gas atomization method. An average particle size of the Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy powder was 20 μm, the degree of amorphization was less than 85%, and an average crystallite diameter was within a range of 0.5 to 30 nm. The large-diameter powder having the amorphous structure is an Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based alloy powder and was manufactured by the rapid-cooling gas atomization method. An average particle size of the Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based alloy powder was 20 μm, and the degree of amorphization was 85% or more. In addition, an average particle size of the pure iron powder that is the small-diameter powder was 1 μm.
In Sample A1 to Sample A6 in Experiment 1, a coating forming treatment using a mechano-fusion device (AMS-Lab, manufactured by HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION) was performed on the large-diameter powder having the nanocrystalline structure to form an insulation coating of P—Zn—Al—O-based oxide glass on surfaces of large particles. On the other hand, in Sample A7 to Sample A12 in Experiment 1, the coating forming treatment using the mechano-fusion device was performed on the large-diameter powder having the amorphous structure to form an insulation coating of P—Zn—Al—O-based oxide glass on surfaces of large particles. Note that, in the coating forming treatment, an addition amount of the coating material was controlled so that an average thickness of the insulation coating becomes values shown in Table 1.
The coating forming treatment was performed on the small-diameter powder used in Experiment 1 by using the powder treatment device (Nobilta, manufactured by HOSOKAWA MICRON CORPORATION) as shown in
Next, raw material powders (a large-diameter powder and a small-diameter powder) of the metal magnetic particles, and an epoxy resin were kneaded to obtain a resin compound. More specifically, in Sample A1 to Sample A6, large particles having the nanocrystal structure and small particles were mixed to obtain a resin compound. On the other hand, in Sample A7 to Sample A12, large particles having the amorphous structure and small particles were mixed to obtain a resin compound. Note that, an addition amount of the epoxy resin (the amount of the resin) in the resin compound was set to 2.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of metal magnetic particles in any sample in Experiment 1. In addition, the large-diameter powder and the small-diameter powder were mixed so that an area ratio satisfies a relationship of “large particles:small particles=8:2” in any sample in Experiment 1.
Next, the resin compound was filled in a press mold and was pressurized to obtain a green compact having a toroidal shape. A molding pressure at this time was controlled so that magnetic permeability (μi) of the magnetic core becomes 30. Then, the green compact was subjected to a heating treatment at 180° C. for 60 minutes to harden the epoxy resin inside the green compact, thereby obtaining a magnetic core having a toroidal shape (an external shape of 11 mm, an inner diameter of 6.5 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm).
In the respective samples in Experiment 1, the following evaluation was made on the prepared magnetic cores.
Cross-Section Observation of Magnetic Core
A cross-section of each of the magnetic cores was observed with a SEM to calculate a ratio of a total area of the metal magnetic particles (the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles) to a total area (1000000 μm2) of an observation field of view. The total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles was within a range of 80±2% in any of the respective samples in Experiment 1.
In addition, at the time of the SEM observation, the Heywood diameter of each of the metal magnetic particles was measured, and area analysis with the EDX was performed to specify a composition system of the metal magnetic particles, and the metal magnetic particles observed on the cross-section of the magnetic core were classified into large particles and small particles. In the respective samples in Experiment 1, D20 of the large particles was 3 μm or more, an average particle size (an arithmetic average value of the Heywood diameter) of the large particles was within a range of 10 to 30 μm, D80 of the small particles was less than 3 μm, and an average particle size of the small particles was within a range of 0.5 to 1.5 μm. In addition, a total area of the large particles included in the observation field of view and a total area of the small particles included in the observation field of view were measured, and a ratio (AL/A0) of the total area of the large particles to the total area of the metal magnetic particles, and a ratio (AS/A0) of the total area of the small particles to the total area of the metal magnetic particles were calculated.
In addition, in the SEM observation, the thickness of the insulation coating of each of the large particles existing in the observation field of view was measured, and an average thickness thereof was calculated.
Evaluation of Magnetic Permeability and DC Bias Characteristics
In evaluation of the magnetic permeability and the DC bias characteristics, first, a polyurethane copper wire (UEW wire) was wound around the magnetic core having a toroidal shape. Then, an inductance of the magnetic core at a frequency of 1 MHz was measured by using an LCR meter (4284A, manufactured by Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.) and a DC bias power supply (42841A, manufactured by Agilent Technologies Japan, Ltd.). More specifically, an inductance under a condition (0 kA/m) in which a DC magnetic field is not applied, and an inductance under a condition in which a DC magnetic field of 8 kA/m is applied were measured, and μi (magnetic permeability at 0 A/m) and μHdc (magnetic permeability at 8 kA/m) were calculated from the inductances.
The DC bias characteristics were evaluated on the basis of a variation rate of the magnetic permeability when applying the DC magnetic field. That is, the variation rate (unit: %) of the magnetic permeability is expressed as (μi−μHdc)/μi, and as the variation rate of the magnetic permeability is smaller, the DC bias characteristics can be determined as being good.
Evaluation of Core Loss
A core loss (unit: kW/m3) of each of the magnetic cores was measured by using a BH analyzer (SY-8218, manufactured by IWATSU ELECTRIC CO., LTD.). A magnetic flux density when measuring the core loss was set to 10 mT, and a frequency was set to 3 MHz.
Evaluation results of Experiment 1 are shown in Table 1.
As shown in Table 1, in the magnetic cores (hereinafter, referred to as nanocrystalline magnetic cores) of Sample A1 to Sample A6 in which large particles having the nanocrystal structure are set as a main powder, in comparison to magnetic cores (hereinafter, referred to as amorphous magnetic cores) of Sample A7 to Sample A12 in which large particles having the amorphous structure are set as a main powder, the core loss tended to be lower, but the DC bias characteristics tended to be inferior. On the contrary, in the amorphous magnetic cores of Sample A7 to Sample A12, the DC bias characteristics tended to be superior but the core loss tended to be higher in comparison to the nanocrystalline magnetic core. That is, it could be understood that the DC bias characteristics and the core loss exhibit a conflicting relationship in correspondence with a substance state of the main powder.
Note that, in both the nanocrystalline magnetic cores and the amorphous magnetic cores, when an insulation coating provided in large particles is made to be thinner, the core loss was lowered, but the DC bias characteristics were hardly improved even when making the insulation coating to be thinner. From the results, it could be understood that it is not easy to make a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics be compatible with each other in a case where the main powder of the magnetic cores is composed of only one kind of large particles.
In Experiment 2, 36 kinds of magnetic cores shown in Table 2 were manufactured by using a metal magnetic powder obtained by mixing the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure and the second large particles having the amorphous structure.
Even in Experiment 2, as a raw material powder of the metal magnetic particles, an Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy powder (the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure) and an Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based alloy powder (the second large particles having the amorphous structure) which have the same specifications as in Experiment 1, and a pure iron powder (small particles) were prepared.
Next, an insulation coating of P—Zn—Al—O-based oxide glass was formed on surfaces of the particles of the Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy powder by using a mechano-fusion device. At this time, the thickness of the insulation coating was adjusted by controlling an addition amount of a coating material and treatment time, thereby obtaining six kinds of first large particles different in the average thickness T1. Similarly, the coating forming treatment using the mechano-fusion device was performed on the Fe—Co—B—P—Si—Cr-based alloy powder (an insulation coating of P—Zn—Al—O-based oxide glass was formed) to obtain six kinds of second large particles different in the average thickness T2. In addition, the coating forming treatment was performed on the pure iron powder by using the powder treatment device as shown in
Next, the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure, the second large particles having the amorphous structure, the small particles, and the epoxy resin were kneaded to obtain a resin compound. At this time, the large particles and the small particles were mixed so that an area ratio satisfies a relationship of “first large particles:second large particles:small particles=4:4:2” in any sample in Experiment 2. In addition, an addition amount of the epoxy resin (the amount of the resin) in the resin compound was set to 2.5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of metal magnetic particles in any sample in Experiment 2.
Next, the resin compound was filled in a press mold and was pressurized to obtain a green compact having a toroidal shape. A molding pressure at this time was controlled so that magnetic permeability (μi) of the magnetic core becomes 30. Then, the green compact was subjected to a heating treatment at 180° C. for 60 minutes to harden the epoxy resin inside the green compact, thereby obtaining a magnetic core having a toroidal shape (an external shape of 11 mm, an inner diameter of 6.5 mm, and a thickness of 2.5 mm).
Even in Experiment 2, similar evaluation (cross-section observation of the magnetic cores, and measurement of the magnetic permeability, the DC bias characteristics, and the core loss) as in Experiment 1 was performed. In cross-section observation of the magnetic core, in any sample, it was confirmed that D20 of the first large particles and the second large particles was 3 μm or more, an average particle size of the first large particles and the second large particles was within a range of 10 to 30 μm, D80 of the small particles was less than 3 μm, and an average particle size of the small particles was within a range of 0.5 to 1.5 In addition, an average thickness T1 of the insulation coating provided in the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure, an average thickness T2 of the insulation coating provided in the second large particles having the amorphous structure, and ratios (AL1/A0, AL2/A0, AS/A0) of total areas of respective particle groups to a total area of the metal magnetic particles become results shown in Table 2. Note that, the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles was within a range of 80±2% in any of the samples in Experiment 2.
In Experiment 2, an expected value of the DC bias characteristics (a calculated value of the DC bias characteristics which is calculated from the mixing ratio) was calculated on the basis of the mixing ratio of the first large particles and the second large particles, and the quality of the DC bias characteristics in each sample was determined with the expected value set as a reference. For example, the expected value of the DC bias characteristics in Sample B1 was calculated by the following expression.
Expected value=[(β1/α1)×C1]+[(β2/α7)×C7]
As described above, when calculating the expected value, characteristic values of the magnetic cores (Sample A1 to Sample A12) containing large particles having the same specifications (a particle composition, a coating composition, and an average thickness of a coating are the same) as in large particles used in the respective samples (Samples B1 to B36) were used with reference to Table 1.
After calculating the expected value of the DC bias characteristic by the above-described method, a difference between the expected value and actually measured DC bias characteristics (the expected value−the measured value) was calculated. As the “difference from the expected value” becomes larger than 0%, the variation rate ((μi−μHdc)/μi) of the magnetic permeability is smaller, and the DC bias characteristics are further improved. In this experiment, DC bias characteristics of a sample in which the difference from the expected value is less than 1% were determined as “failed (F)”, and DC bias characteristics of a sample in which the difference from the expected value is 1% or more were determined as passing (G).
In addition, with regard to the core loss, samples in which the core loss was further reduced in comparison to the amorphous magnetic cores (Sample A7 to Sample A12) shown in Table 1 were determined as “passing (G)”. Evaluation results in Experiment 2 are shown in Table 2.
As shown in Table 2, in the respective samples in Experiment 2, the core loss could be further lowered in comparison to the amorphous magnetic cores (Samples A7 to A12 in Experiment 1). That is, the core loss could be reduced even in the amorphous magnetic cores by mixing the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure and the second large particles having the amorphous structure.
In comparative examples in which T1/T2 is 1.0 or less, the DC bias characteristics were similar to the expected value calculated from the mixing ratio or worse than the expected value. On the contrary, in examples in which T1/T2 was more than 1.0, DC bias characteristic better than the expected value was obtained. In examples satisfying a relationship of T1>T2, it is considered that a variation rate of the magnetic permeability is suppressed from increasing due to the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure.
As described above, a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics were compatible with each other by mixing the first large particles which include the relatively thick insulation coating and have the nanocrystal structure, and the second large particles which include the relatively thin insulation coating and have the amorphous structure. Particularly, in magnetic cores (examples) satisfying a relationship of T1>T2, it could be understood that the average thickness T2 of the insulation coating of the second large particles is preferably set to 5 to 50 nm, and according to this, the core loss can be further lowered. In addition, it could be understood that T1/T2 is preferably set to 1.3 to 20, and according to this, an actually measured value of the DC bias characteristics tends to be smaller than the expected value, and an improvement effect of the DC bias characteristics becomes higher.
In Experiment 3, eight kinds of magnetic cores (Sample C1 to Sample C8) shown in Table 3 were manufactured by changing the composition of the insulation coating of the first large particles and the second large particles. In all of the samples in Experiment 3, the average thickness T1 of the insulation coating of the first large particles was set to 100 nm, and the average thickness T2 of the insulation coating of the second large particles was set to 15 nm. Manufacturing conditions other than the composition of the insulation coating were set to be similar to the manufacturing conditions of Sample B20 in Experiment 2 (that is, specifications (a particle composition, an average particle size, and the like) of the first large particles, the second large particles, and the small particles were set to be the same as in Sample B20), and similar evaluation as in Experiment 1 was performed on the respective samples in Experiment 3.
Cross-section observation results in Experiment 3, and measurement results of the magnetic permeability, the DC bias characteristics ((μi−μHdc)/μi), and the core loss are shown in Table 3.
In the respective samples in Experiment 3, the DC bias characteristics and the core loss were similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2, and good DC bias characteristics and a low core loss were compatible with each other. From the results, it could be understood that the composition of the insulation coating formed on each of the large particles can be arbitrarily set.
In Experiment 4, magnetic core samples (Sample D1 to Sample D18) shown in Table 4 were manufactured by changing the ratio (AL1/A0) of the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure, and the ratio (AL2/A0) of the second large particles having the amorphous structure. In any of the respective samples in Experiment 4, the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles on the cross-section of the magnetic cores was within a range of 80±2%, and the ratio (AS/A0) of the small particles was within a range of 20±1%.
In Sample D1 to Sample D6 as comparative examples, T1 was set to 15 nm, T2 was set to 100 nm, and manufacturing conditions other than the ratio of the large particles in Sample D1 to Sample D6 were set to be similar as in Sample B10 in Experiment 2. In Sample D7 to Sample D12 as comparative examples, T1 and T2 were set to 15 nm, and manufacturing conditions other than the ratio of the large particles in Sample D7 and Sample D12 were set to be similar as in Sample B8 in Experiment 2. On the other hand, in Sample D13 to Sample D18 as examples, T1 was set to 100 nm, T2 was set to 15 nm, and manufacturing conditions other than the ratio of the large particles in Sample D13 to Sample D18 were set to be similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2.
In Experiment 4, similar evaluation as in Experiment 2 was performed. Evaluation results are shown in Table 4.
As shown in Table 4, in examples satisfying a relationship of T1>T2, even when changing the mixing ratio of the first large particles and the second large particles, the core loss could also be reduced and the DC bias characteristics better than the expected value were also obtained in the amorphous magnetic cores. From the results, it could be understood that AL1/A0 and AL2/A0 can be arbitrarily set without a particular limitation.
In addition, it could be confirmed that the core loss tended to be further lowered when increasing the ratio of the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure, and the DC bias characteristics tended to be further improved when increasing the ratio of the second large particles having the amorphous structure. It could be confirmed that AL1/(AL1+AL2) is preferably 20% to 80% to make a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics be more appropriately compatible with each other.
In Experiment 5, magnetic core samples (Sample E1 to Sample E15) shown in Table 5 were manufactured by changing the ratio (AS/A0) of the small particles. In the respective samples in Experiment 5, the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure and the second large particles having the amorphous structure were mixed in a ratio of “1:1”. Manufacturing conditions other than the ratio of the small particles were set to be similar as in Experiment 2, and the magnetic permeability, the DC bias characteristics ((μi−μHdc)/μi), and the core loss were measured. Evaluation results are shown in Table 5.
As shown in Table 5, even when changing the ratio of the small particles, in examples in which T1/T2 is more than 1.0, DC bias characteristics better in comparison to comparative examples satisfying a relationship of T1≤T2 were obtained. Note that, in Samples E1 to E15 in Experiment 5, a low core loss was obtained even in the amorphous magnetic cores.
It could be confirmed that when increasing the ratio of the small particles in the magnetic cores, the core loss and the DC bias characteristics are further improved, and the magnetic permeability tends to decrease. It could be understood that the ratio (AS/A0) of the small particles is preferably 10% to 40% from the viewpoint of improving the core loss and the DC bias characteristics while securing high magnetic permeability.
In Experiment 6, magnetic core samples shown in Table 6 and Table 7 were manufactured by changing the packing rate (that is, A0) of the metal magnetic particles. The packing rate of the metal magnetic particles was controlled on the basis of an addition amount of an epoxy resin. The amount of the resin (the content of the epoxy resin with respect to the metal magnetic particles), and the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles in respective samples in Experiment 6 are shown in Table 6 and Table 7. Note that, Sample F1 to Sample F12 shown in Table 6 are comparative examples using only either the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure or the second large particles having the amorphous structure, and in Sample G1 to Sample G9 shown in Table 7, the first large particles and the second large particles were mixed.
Experiment conditions other than the above-described conditions were set to be similar as in Experiment 1 and Experiment 2, and the magnetic permeability, the DC bias characteristics, and the core loss of the respective samples were evaluated.
As shown in Table 7, Sample G3, Sample B20, and Sample G6 are examples in Experiment 6, and A0 was within a range of 75% to 90%, and T1/T2 was 1.0 or more. In the Sample G3, Sample B20, and Sample G6, the core loss lower in comparison to the amorphous magnetic core, and the DC bias characteristics better in comparison to the comparative examples satisfying a relationship of T1≤T2 were obtained. In Sample G9 in which A0 was less than 75%, T1/T2 was 1.0 or more, but the variation rate of the magnetic permeability was similar as in the comparative examples, and the DC bias characteristics could not be improved. From the results, it could be understood that the total area ratio A0 of the metal magnetic particles should be set to 75% to 90%.
Note that, as shown in Table 6, it could be confirmed that when increasing the packing rate of the metal magnetic particles, the magnetic permeability μi increases, and core loss characteristics or DC bias characteristics tend to deteriorate. Even in samples (Table 7) in which the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure and the second large particles having the amorphous structure were mixed, the same tendency as in Table 6 was confirmed, and it could be understood that A0 is preferably 78% or more from the viewpoint of securing high magnetic permeability.
In Experiment 7, magnetic core samples shown in Table 8 and Table 9 were manufactured by changing the specifications of the small particles. Specifically, in Sample H1 in Table 8, Fe—Ni-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 1 μm were used as the small particles, in Sample H2, Fe—Co-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 1 μm were used as the small particles, in Sample H3, Fe—Si-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 1 μm were used as the small particles, and in Sample H4, Co particles having an average particle size of 1 μm were used as the small particles. An insulation coating of Ba—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based oxide glass having an average thickness of 15±10 nm was formed on the small particles of respective samples shown in Table 8. Manufacturing conditions other than the composition of the small particles in Sample H1 to Sample H4 were set to be similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2.
In addition, in Sample I1 to Sample I2 in Table 9, two kinds of small particles different in a coating composition were added. Specifically, in Sample I1, Fe particles (first small particles) on which a coating of Ba—Zn—B—Si—Al—O-based oxide glass was formed, and Fe particles (second small particles) on which an Si—O-based insulation coating was formed were mixed. In addition, in Sample I2, Fe particles (first small particles) on which a coating of Si—Ba—Mn—O-based oxide glass was formed, and Fe particles (second small particles) on which an Si—O-based insulation coating was formed were mixed. In Sample I1 to Sample I2, an average thickness of the insulation coating of any of the small particles was within a range of 15±10 nm. Manufacturing conditions other than the above-described conditions in Sample I1 and Sample I2 were set to be similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2.
Evaluation results in Experiment 7 were shown in Table 8 and Table 9.
As shown in Table 8, even in Sample H1 to Sample H4 in which the composition of the small particles was changed, a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics were compatible with each other as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2. From the results, it could be understood that when adding small particles to the magnetic core, the composition of the small particles is not particularly limited and can be arbitrarily set.
As shown in Table 9, in Sample I1 and Sample I2, the DC bias characteristics can be further improved in comparison to Sample B20 in Experiment 2. From the results, it could be understood that the DC bias characteristics can be further improved by dispersing two kinds of small particles different in a coating composition in the magnetic core.
In Experiment 8, three kinds of magnetic core samples (Sample J1 to Sample J3) shown in Table 10 were manufactured by further adding medium particles in combination with the first large particles, the second large particles, and the small particles. Specifically, nanocrystalline Fe—Si—B—Nb—Cu-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 5 μm were added to the magnetic core of Sample J1 as the medium particles, crystalline Fe—Si-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 5 μm were added to the magnetic core of Sample J2 as the medium particles, and amorphous Fe—Si—B-based alloy particles having an average particle size of 5 μm were added to the magnetic core of Sample J3 as the medium particles. Note that, in any of the particles used in Experiment 8, D20 was less than 3 μm, and D80 was 3 μm or more.
Manufacturing conditions other than the above-described conditions were set to be similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2, and the magnetic permeability, the DC bias characteristics, and the core loss of Sample J1 to Sample J3 were measured. Evaluation results are shown in Table 10.
As shown in Table 10, even in Sample J1 to Sample J3 to which the medium particles were added, a low core loss and good DC bias characteristics were compatible with each other as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2. From the evaluation results in Experiment 8, it could be understood that the medium particles may be added to the magnetic core, and in a case of adding the medium particles, it is preferable to use nanocrystalline or amorphous particles from the viewpoint of lowering the core loss.
In Experiment 9, magnetic core samples shown in Table 11 and Table 12 were manufactured by changing the composition of the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure and the composition of the second large particles having the amorphous structure. An average particle size of any of the first large particles used in Experiment 9 was 20 μm, and an average crystallite diameter in the first large particles was within a range of 0.5 to 30 nm. In addition, an average particle size of any of the second large particles used in Experiment 9 was 20 μm, and the degree of amorphization of the second large particles was 85% or more.
Note that, Samples K1 to K9 shown in Table 11 are comparative examples using only either the first large particles having the nanocrystal structure or the second large particles having the amorphous structure, and a ratio AS/A0 of the small particles in Samples K1 to K9 was 20±1%. Manufacturing conditions of Sample K1 to Sample K9 were set to be similar as in Sample A4 and Sample A8 in Experiment 1. Sample L1 to Sample L27 shown in Table 12 are examples in which the first large particles and the second large particles are mixed, and any of AL1/A0 and AL V/A0 in Sample L1 to Sample L27 was 40±1%, and AS/A0 was 20±1%. Manufacturing conditions of Sample L1 to Sample L27 were set to be similar as in Sample B20 in Experiment 2.
Evaluation results in Experiment 9 are shown in Table 11 and Table 12.
In any of the respective examples shown in Table 12, a low core loss was obtained even in the amorphous magnetic core, and the DC bias characteristics were improved from the expected value by 1% or more. From the results in Experiment 9, it could be understood that the composition of the first large particles and the second large particles can be arbitrarily selected without a particular limitation.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2022-119670 | Jul 2022 | JP | national |
