The present invention relates to magnetic couplings.
Magnetic couplings are a well-known alternative to other mechanical couplings in torque transmission systems. They provide torque transmission with improved efficiency, without the energy losses incurred through mechanical drives, and allow a driven component to be isolated from a drive system. They can be configured to slip when excessive torque occurs, and eliminate the problems associated with rotating shaft seals such as inherent leakage and friction.
Prior proposals for magnetic couplings include WO 2010/121303 and US 2008/0217373.
Preferred embodiments of the present invention aim to provide magnetic couplings that are more efficient, safer and more economical than previously proposed magnetic couplings.
In the context of this specification, the term ‘magnetic coupling’ is used in a general sense to refer to arrangements in which members are magnetically coupled together, to include arrangements that might be known as, for example, magnetic couplers, magnetic drives and magnetic interlocks.
According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic coupling comprising a first permanent magnet mounted on a first coupling member and presenting a first polarised face; and a second permanent magnet mounted on a second coupling member and presenting a second polarised face; wherein said first and second coupling members are disposed opposite but offset from one another and said first and second polarised faces are of opposite polarity and face one another.
Preferably, said magnets project from said coupling members.
Preferably, said magnets are of rhomboid shape.
Preferably, each of said magnets has two polarised faces of opposite polarity.
A magnetic coupling as above preferably comprises a plurality of said first coupling members with respective first magnets, arranged opposite to and alternating with a plurality of said second coupling members with respective second magnets.
In another aspect, the invention provides a magnetic coupling comprising first and second coupling members, each having a respective series of permanent magnets that project from the coupling member; wherein, for each of the series, each of the magnets has opposite faces of opposite polarity and consecutive magnets are spaced from one another with said faces of consecutive magnets of alternating polarity; the coupling members being juxtaposed with the respective series of magnets disposed opposite but offset from one another.
Each of the magnets of each series may project into a space between two magnets of the other series, with opposing faces being of opposite polarity.
Preferably, said coupling members are rotary members with their respective magnets arranged around their periphery.
Preferably, said coupling members are arranged concentrically one inside the other.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic coupling member comprising a carrier and a plurality of permanent magnets mounted on the carrier, wherein each of the magnets is formed with at least one recess and a plurality of rods are provided on the carrier and engage the recesses to secure the magnets on the carrier.
Preferably, each of the magnets has a pair of said recesses at opposite sides of a base portion of the magnet.
Preferably, said carrier comprises a pair of elements arranged with the magnets between them, each of the elements carrying a series of rods that alternate with the rods on the other of the elements.
Preferably, each of the magnets projects from the carrier to define a salient pole.
Preferably, each of the magnets is polarised to afford a North Pole at one side of the magnet and a South pole at the other side.
Preferably, said rods are in the form of bolts.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a magnetic coupling member comprising a body of permanently magnetic material arranged to rotate about a rotational axis, the body being polarised in a direction perpendicular to said rotational axis.
Preferably, said body is cylindrical.
Preferably, said body is of circular section.
A magnetic coupling member as above may comprise a plurality of said bodies arranged side by side, with their directions of polarisation offset from one another in a spiral pattern.
Such a magnetic coupling member may be provided in combination with a circular member with which the coupling member is magnetically coupled as a worm drive.
Magnetic coupling members as above may be arranged in a magnetic coupling, axially spaced from one another.
Magnetic coupling members as above may be arranged in a magnetic coupling, arranged concentrically within one another.
A metal sleeve may be provided around the body of at least one of the magnetic coupling members.
In a magnetic coupling or coupling member according to any of the preceding aspects of the invention, the or each permanent magnet or body of permanently magnetic material preferably comprises a rare earth material.
Preferably, said rare earth material comprises neodymium.
A magnetic coupling preferably comprises a plurality of magnetic coupling members according to any of the preceding aspects of the invention, magnetically coupled with one another.
Such a magnetic coupling may be a rotational coupling or a linear coupling.
For a better understanding of the invention and to show how embodiments of the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings, in which:
a illustrates two magnets interlocking in mid-air;
a shows a magnetic coupling comprising inner and outer magnetic coupling members;
a shows two magnetic coupling members with perpendicular polarisation;
b shows the two coupling members of
c is a view similar to
d is a view similar to
e is a cutaway view corresponding to
In the figures, like references denote like or corresponding parts.
It is to be understood that the various features that are described in the following and/or illustrated in the drawings are preferred but not essential. Combinations of features described and/or illustrated are not considered to be the only possible combinations. Unless stated to the contrary, individual features may be omitted, varied or combined in different combinations, where practical. As just one example, the shape of magnets 3 as illustrated in
The magnet 3 may be manufactured from a rare earth (e.g. neodymium), which can be moulded and sintered, and cut to shape with diamond wires. The rhomboid shape provides a relatively slim cross-section, similar to mechanical gears, and thus more magnets can be used per area. However alternative shapes to rhomboid may be adopted—e.g. circular or oval.
In
In
This phenomenon is illustrated in
In
Configuring the magnets 3 with poles such that they both repel and attract one another, provides for a self-stabilised assembly, and creates a far stronger magnetic coupling 1 than conventional systems. A self-stabilising system is also much safer, avoiding the danger of magnetic elements being fired out of an assembly at high speed, as may happen in prior arrangements.
As indicated above, locating the magnets 3 in a suitable carrier requires the provision of a shaped recess to receive and engage with the ribbed sides 31. This typically requires expensive, precision cutting techniques. The embodiment of
Magnetic couplings typically comprise a driver member and a driven member, which are configured to rotate about a common axis on bearings. Typically, a shaft is connected to the driver member and a shaft is connected to the driven member to provide torque transmission via driver member and driven member, without mechanical contact therebetween.
As shown in
The provision of the bolts 6 to hold the magnets 3 in position reduces precision manufacturing requirements, and can therefore mitigate the associated costs of having to use specialist equipment. Containment rings for magnets, and other similar alternatives, have to be manufactured to extremely precise dimensions, and are therefore typically cut to shape with lasers. Incorporating the bolts 6 in place of a containment ring avoids the need to use expensive laser cutting processes during production. The bolts 6 do not require the same manufacturing precision as a containment ring. The other elements that make up the magnetic coupling 1 likewise do not require such precision engineering, such as the plate 2, disc 4, and ring 5, and can all be manufactured using plasma cutters, which provides a cheaper manufacturing alternative.
The magnets 3 are circumferentially disposed at substantially equal intervals about the periphery of the disc 4. When the magnetic coupling member 1 is magnetically coupled to a further magnetic coupling member, such that one forms a driver member and the other forms a driven member, each magnet on the driver member is configured to be magnetically coupled with respective magnets on the driven member with an air gap in between.
The magnets 3 are polarised and arranged such that they operate in repulsion as between driver member and driven member. Prior known magnetic couplings 1 are polarised and arranged such that the magnets 3 operate in attraction. In these prior systems the magnets must be finely balanced to reduce torsional vibration that is likely to occur. Such torsional vibration can greatly reduce the efficiency of the torque transmission and therefore the coupling. By operating in repulsion, losses due to torsional vibrations are minimised, and therefore the efficiency of the magnetic coupling 1 is improved. These systems allow for much larger magnetic couplings 1 to be used, and therefore much larger torques to be transmitted. They also allow for a greater air gap between magnetically coupled members. Such an arrangement can even allow for the coupled members to be separated by an obstruction such as a wall, thus transmitting torque through the obstruction.
The exploded view of
The bolts 6 may be replaced by rods that are threaded or otherwise secured to the disc 4 and ring 5.
a shows a magnetic coupling 20 comprising an outer magnetic coupling member 21 and an inner magnetic coupling member 23. The outer magnetic coupling member 21 comprises a ring 22 on which a plurality of permanent magnets 3 are mounted. The magnets 3 face radially inwardly and may be as described in the preceding embodiments, having North and South poles on adjacent faces and mutually spaced from one another. The inner magnetic coupling member 23 comprises a ring 24 on which a plurality of similar permanent magnets 3 are mounted, facing radially outwardly and each projecting into the space between two opposing magnets 3 on the outer member 21.
In use, the magnetic forces acting on the coupling members 21,23 are such that the coupling members interlock in an equilibrium position generally as illustrated. As the coupling members 21, 23 are circular, they experience equal and opposite magnetic forces at each two opposite points on their peripheries. As described above, the interleaved magnets 3 all assume an equilibrium position with respect to the adjacent magnets, so there is no tendency for the coupling members 21, 23 to move with respect to each other, from the equilibrium position as indicated. Thus, when the one of the coupling members 21,23 is caused to rotate about its axis, the other coupling member follows it, due to the interacting magnetic forces; the opposing magnets 3 never come into contact with one another.
It has been found that, with magnets 3 generally as shaped in
An important practical advantage of couplings 20 as illustrated is that the coupling members 21, 23 tend naturally towards an equilibrium position. This means that, in contrast to known prior art, the coupling 20 can be assembled with relatively low precision; there is negligible danger of magnets colliding to cause damage to components; and negligible risk of magnets being expelled at dangerously high velocity. Thus, couplings 20 can be produced at much less cost.
Since the coupling members 21, 23 tend naturally towards an equilibrium position in which the coupling members 21, 23 are concentric, forces experienced by bearings for the coupling members 21, 23 are much less than in other, prior art proposals. This further facilitates the manufacture of magnetic coupling assemblies at low cost. The gravitational forces on the coupling members 21, 23 are low compared to the magnetic forces.
In
When a magnetic coupling is made up of a driver member 7 and a driven member 8, each as shown in
Although only a single polarisation is shown in
Although the magnetic coupling member 1 is shown in
In the configuration shown in
As shown in
One driver member 7 can also be configured to drive a plurality of driven members 8, as shown in
In a situation where the driven member 8 has its axis of rotation positioned at 90 degrees to the driver member 7, one or more intermediary driven magnets 8 can be positioned therebetween, as shown in
As shown in
In
As shown in
Due to the interacting magnetic forces, the driver and driven members 7,8 assume a mutual spaced equilibrium position where they interlock, as shown in
Thus, as described in the foregoing, a coupling as illustrated in
If the driven member 8 is disposed inside the driver member 7 as shown in
The mounting 37 may be of mild steel, to increase the torsional strength of the coupling and, optionally, may be extended to form a sleeve around the driver member 7, to increase magnetic strength. A metal sleeve may also be provided around the driven member 8.
The spiral drive wheel 11 of
Magnetic coupling members such as the members 1 and 10 may be manufactured from a rare earth (e.g. neodymium), which can be moulded and sintered, and cut to shape with diamond wires.
Magnetic couplings using embodiments of the invention may operate at virtually 100% efficiency and may withstand very high rotational speeds. The may be used in magnetic gearboxes with electric motors. For example, they may be used to drive an artificial heart pump.
Magnetic couplings using embodiments of the invention may comprise magnetic coupling members arranged in either circular concentric rings to form couplings, or in separate rings to form gears.
In this specification, the verb “comprise” has its normal dictionary meaning, to denote non-exclusive inclusion. That is, use of the word “comprise” (or any of its derivatives) to include one feature or more, does not exclude the possibility of also including further features. The word “preferable” (or any of its derivates) indicates one feature or more that is preferred but not essential.
The reader's attention is directed to all papers and documents which are filed concurrently with or previous to this specification in connection with this application and which are open to public inspection with this specification, and the contents of all such papers and documents are incorporated herein by reference.
All of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), and/or all of the steps of any method or process so disclosed, may be combined in any combination, except combinations where at least some of such features and/or steps are mutually exclusive.
Each feature disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), may be replaced by alternative features serving the same, equivalent or similar purpose, unless expressly stated otherwise. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, each feature disclosed is one example only of a generic series of equivalent or similar features.
The invention is not restricted to the details of the foregoing embodiment(s). The invention extends to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the features disclosed in this specification (including any accompanying claims, abstract and drawings), or to any novel one, or any novel combination, of the steps of any method or process so disclosed.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
1100826.5 | Jan 2011 | GB | national |
Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
---|---|---|---|---|
PCT/GB2012/050103 | 1/18/2012 | WO | 00 | 1/23/2014 |