Patent Application
20160320793
1. Technical Field
The present disclosure generally relates to actuators.
2. Description of the Related Art
Detent systems may be generally found on the shafts of actuators, switches or controls, such as encoder devices (or “encoders”). Detent systems generally provide feedback in the form of haptic feedback and/or acoustic feedback by means of mechanical movement, thus ensuring that as the actuator is moved, the user “experiences” each individual movement from one latched position to the next. Often, an actuator purchased off the shelf has an electrical durability that far exceeds the mechanical durability of the detent system of the actuator.
As an example, some detent systems in rotary actuators make use of a spherical component, often a steel ball, which is biased by a spring (e.g., coil spring, torsion spring) against a serrated race or control surface that includes a number of valleys and hills. In the case of a rotary encoder, the serrated race may be capable of rotating with a shaft of the encoder. The spherical component may be restrained to move with only a single degree of freedom into or out of the valleys of the serrated race as the race is moved relative to the spherical component. These serrations when moved relative to the restraint of the spherical component, often about the central axis of the encoder, force the spherical component from one serration to the next causing a “snap” to occur that will index the encoder from one predetermined or stable position to a next predetermined position.
A problem with this style of detent system is that the friction between the spherical component and the serrated race is restricted to a point load which tends to wear relatively quickly causing erosion in the snap force of the detent system to the point of non-existence as typically the spherical ball erodes a path into the serrated detent race. This can be adjusted somewhat by spring force and detent race material selection, but the fundamental point load restriction cannot be superseded in these designs.
Alternate detent systems have been employed, such as compression leaf springs and bridged leaf springs, that have a linear contact characteristic, which improves the life expectancy of the detent system. However, since these types of detent systems still rely on contact friction to index from one detent location to the next detent location in an encoder, these types of detent systems still tend to wear against one another and erode the force of the detent system over time. These types of detent systems may also generate a larger quantity of debris in the process, potentially impairing the electrical functionality of the devices on which the detent systems are installed.
These shortcomings with contact related detent systems have led to the design of contactless magnetic detents. In such magnetic detent systems, one or more circular magnetic components with transverse strips of alternating polarity are coupled to either the shaft or the base (or both) of an encoder and rotated against a fixed (or moving) magnet. The repulsive and attractive forces between the two magnetic substrates allow for a non-contact detenting mechanism that should be capable of infinite life. A negative feature quality of these types of detent mechanisms is that magnetic detent systems may have insufficient tactile feedback and may tend to have a “mushy” feel when transitioning from one detent to another.
Another type of detent system for cylindrical controls utilizes a variable electromagnet approach which, in essence, uses a multi-winding motor to add detents to a shaft when turned. Similar to a stepper motor winding, these types of detent systems may selectively control the force in the system within the range between fixed (non-rotatable) to free spinning, dependent on the drive system and control mechanisms used. These detent systems, while still contactless, can offer superior variable detenting but are often cost prohibitive in a large-scale production environment. These types of detent system are also often relatively large in size, which is undesirable for many applications.
A detent system for a rotary actuator may be summarized as including: an annular detent ring having a control surface that includes a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys; a floating magnetic element positioned adjacent the annular detent ring in contact with the control surface of the annular detent ring; a floating magnetic element guide channel that restricts movement of the floating magnetic element while allowing the floating magnetic element to move radially inward and outward with respect to the annular detent ring; and a biasing magnetic element positioned proximate the annular detent ring, the biasing magnetic element and the annular detent ring rotatable with respect to one another, and a magnetic force between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element urges the floating magnetic element in a direction toward the control surface of the annular detent ring.
The magnetic force may be an attractive magnetic force. The magnetic force may be a repulsive magnetic force. The floating magnetic element may be cylindrical in shape. The floating magnetic element may be axially magnetized. The floating magnetic element may be cylindrical in shape, and rotation of the detent ring relative to the biasing magnetic element may cause the floating magnetic element to rotate along the control surface of the detent ring about a longitudinal axis of the floating magnetic element. The control surface of the detent ring may be positioned between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element. The floating magnetic element may be positioned between the control surface of the detent ring and the biasing magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a permanent magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a ferromagnetic material. The detent system may further include: a plurality of biasing magnetic elements positioned proximate the detent ring, the detent ring rotatable with respect to each of the biasing magnetic elements; and a plurality of floating magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements aligned with one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements in contact with the control surface of the detent ring and radially biased against the control surface by a magnetic force between the floating magnetic element and a respective one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements. The plurality of biasing magnetic elements may be uniformly spaced around the detent ring.
A detent system for a rotary actuator may be summarized as including: a detent ring having a control surface; a biasing magnetic element positioned proximate the detent ring, the biasing magnetic element and the detent ring rotatable with respect to one another; a floating magnetic element positioned proximate the biasing magnetic element and adjacent the detent ring in contact with the control surface, the floating magnetic element cylindrical in shape and axially magnetized; and a magnetic element guide channel that restricts movement of the floating magnetic element while allowing the floating magnetic element to move radially inward and outward with respect to the detent ring; wherein a magnetic force between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element urges the floating magnetic element in a direction toward the control surface of the detent ring, and rotation of the detent ring relative to the biasing magnetic element causes the floating magnetic element to roll along the control surface of the detent ring about a longitudinal axis of the floating magnetic element.
The magnetic force may be an attractive magnetic force. The magnetic force may be a repulsive magnetic force. The control surface of the detent ring may be positioned between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element. The floating magnetic element may be positioned between the control surface of the detent ring and the biasing magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a permanent magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a ferromagnetic material. The detent system may further include: a plurality of biasing magnetic elements positioned proximate the detent ring, the detent ring rotatable with respect to each of the biasing magnetic elements; and a plurality of floating magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements aligned with one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements in contact with the control surface of the detent ring and radially biased against the control surface by a magnetic force between the floating magnetic element and a respective one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements. The plurality of biasing magnetic elements may be uniformly spaced around the detent ring.
A detent system for an actuator may be summarized as including: a detent control component having a control surface that includes a plurality of alternating peaks and valleys; a floating magnetic element positioned adjacent the detent control component in contact with the control surface of the detent control component; a floating magnetic element guide channel that restricts movement of the floating magnetic element while allowing the floating magnetic element to move in a direction orthogonal to the control surface of the detent control component; and a biasing magnetic element positioned proximate the detent control component, the biasing magnetic element and the detent control component movable with respect to one another, and a magnetic force between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element urges the floating magnetic element in a direction toward the control surface of the detent control component.
The magnetic force may be an attractive magnetic force. The magnetic force may be a repulsive magnetic force. The floating magnetic element may be cylindrical in shape. The floating magnetic element may be axially magnetized. The floating magnetic element may be cylindrical in shape, and movement of the detent control component relative to the biasing magnetic element may cause the floating magnetic element to roll along the control surface of the detent control component about a longitudinal axis of the floating magnetic element. The control surface of the detent control component may be positioned between the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element. The floating magnetic element may be positioned between the control surface of the detent control component and the biasing magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a permanent magnetic element. At least one of the biasing magnetic element and the floating magnetic element may include a ferromagnetic material. The detent system may further include: a plurality of biasing magnetic elements positioned proximate the detent control component, each of the biasing magnetic elements fixed with respect to one another, the detent control component movable with respect to each of the biasing magnetic elements; and a plurality of floating magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements aligned with one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements, each of the plurality of floating magnetic elements in contact with the control surface of the detent control component and biased against the control surface by a magnetic force between the floating magnetic element and a respective one of the plurality of biasing magnetic elements. The plurality of biasing magnetic elements may be uniformly spaced from each other. The actuator may be at least one of a rotary actuator or a linear actuator.
In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The sizes and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. For example, the shapes of various elements and angles are not necessarily drawn to scale, and some of these elements may be arbitrarily enlarged and positioned to improve drawing legibility. Further, the particular shapes of the elements as drawn, are not necessarily intended to convey any information regarding the actual shape of the particular elements, and may have been solely selected for ease of recognition in the drawings.
In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various disclosed embodiments. However, one skilled in the relevant art will recognize that embodiments may be practiced without one or more of these specific details, or with other methods, components, materials, etc. In other instances, well-known structures and methods have not been shown or described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring descriptions of the embodiments.
Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims that follow, the word “comprising” is synonymous with “including,” and is inclusive or open-ended (i.e., does not exclude additional, unrecited elements or method acts).
Reference throughout this specification to “one embodiment” or “an embodiment” means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases “in one embodiment” or “in an embodiment” in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” include plural referents unless the context clearly dictates otherwise. It should also be noted that the term “or” is generally employed in its broadest sense, that is, as meaning “and/or” unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.
The headings and Abstract of the Disclosure provided herein are for convenience only and do not interpret the scope or meaning of the embodiments.
Proximate the control surface 106 of the rotatable detent ring 104 is a fixed guide channel 112 which has an open end 114 forming an aperture 116 in which a movable or “floating” detent element 118 is accommodated. The detent element 118 is magnetic and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder.
Referring back to
In the stable position shown in
As shown in
The moment the detent element 118 reaches the tooth peak 108, as shown in
Additionally, after the detent element 118 has passed the tooth peak 108, as shown in
In the case of rotation in the opposite direction, the same process as described above occurs, except the detent element 118 is moved and raised against the sidewall 130 by the respective tooth flank which the detent element traverses, and, when the detent element passes beyond a tooth peak 108, the detent element snaps due to forced rotation of the detent ring 104 in the opposite direction.
The quantity of teeth 108 and detent recesses 110 on the control surface 106 determines the angular rotation of the detent ring 104 required to transition from one stable position to the next. The detent system 102 is a contact-based detent system and may be prone to some of the wear out mechanisms described above. However, advantageously, since the cylindrical movable detent element 118 is not restrained about its longitudinal axis, the repulsive force 124 from the biasing magnet element 126 and the contact friction between the detent element and the control surface 106 of the detent ring 104 are sufficient to spin the detent element about its longitudinal axis as the detent element moves from one detent location to the next. This results in a characteristic that, rather than having a sliding friction constraint, there is rolling friction which tends to cause significantly lower surface wear and yields a longer lifetime for the detent system 102. Additionally, since the repulsive detent force 124 is directly proportional to the constrained distance between the movable detent element 118 and the biasing magnetic element 126, and the strength of their respective magnetic fields, the detenting force 124 can be easily adjusted or tuned to the desired behavior to match customer expectations by adjusting such distance and/or such strength of magnetic fields.
Multiple magnet sets of varying arrangements may be applied in similar fashion to meet specific requirements for a particular application such as a greater centering force, minimized hub wear, or minimized hysteresis. These variations include but are not limited to multiples of paired magnets (e.g., positioned rotationally symmetric about a shaft or asymmetric about a shaft). These variations may also include implementations that utilize a single moving magnet with paired repulsive magnets. The variations may also include use of multiple moving magnets with single biasing magnet, use of multiple paired magnets and ferrous elements, or any combinations of these variations.
For example,
Proximate the control surface 106 of the rotatable detent ring 104 opposite the fixed guide channel 112 is a second fixed guide channel 404 which may be substantially the same as the first fixed guide channel 112. The second guide channel 404 has an open end 406 forming an aperture 408 in which a movable detent element 410 is accommodated. The detent element 410 is magnetic and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder (see the detent element 118 of
The second guide channel 404 may be sized to substantially allow only radial movement of the detent element 410 during operation. The aperture 408 of the second guide channel 404 may be bounded laterally by two sidewalls 416 and 418.
Although
Proximate the control surface 506 of the rotatable detent ring 504 is a fixed guide channel 512 which has an open end 514 forming an aperture 516 in which a movable detent element 518 is accommodated. The detent element 518 is either magnetic or can be a permanent magnet and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder. The detent element 518 may be substantially similar to the detent element 118 of
An outward radial force 520 is applied to the detent element 518 by a biasing magnetic element 522 positioned proximate the guide channel 512 radially outward therefrom proximate an outer surface 524 of the detent ring 504. Thus, the detent ring 504 is positioned between the movable detent element 518 and the biasing magnetic element 522. The biasing magnetic element 522 may be a permanent magnet or a magnetized component. The biasing magnetic element 522 may be fixed or may be movable. For example, in some implementations, the outer surface 524 may also be serrated to form a control surface, and the biasing magnetic element 522 may be movable so that the biasing magnetic element rolls along the control surface of the outer surface 524. That is, the biasing magnetic element 522 and the detent element 518 may each act as detent elements biased toward respective control surfaces by the attractive force between the two magnetic elements. As another example, in some implementations, if the poles are aligned correctly, multiple moving magnets may surround one or more central stationary magnets.
The biasing magnetic element 522 provides the attractive force 520 to the movable detent element 518. The detent element 518 may move radially within the aperture 516 of the guide channel 512 and is urged continuously in the direction of the control surface 506 of the detent ring 504 by the attractive force applied by the biasing magnetic element 522 due to the natural attractive force between magnets of opposite poles. The guide channel 512 may be sized to substantially allow only radial movement of the detent element 518 during operation. For example, the aperture 516 of the guide channel 512 may be bounded laterally by two sidewalls 526 and 528. In the stable position shown in
Similar to the operation of the detent system 102 discussed above with reference to
The moment the detent element 518 reaches the tooth peak 508, the detent element is in the position in which it is pushed furthest into the aperture 516. A minimal further rotation of the detent ring 504 leads to the detent element 518 rolling past the tooth peak 508. Adjoining the tooth peak 508 is an opposite falling tooth flank 532. Due to the attractive force 520 between the detent element 518 and the biasing magnetic element 522, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond the tooth peak 508. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
Proximate the control surface 606 of the rotatable detent ring 604 is a fixed guide channel 612 which has an open end 614 forming an aperture 616 in which a movable detent element 618 is accommodated. The detent element 618 is either magnetic or can be a permanent magnet and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder. The detent element 618 may be substantially similar to the detent element 118 of
An outward radial force 620 is applied to the detent element 618 by a biasing magnetic element 622 positioned proximate the guide channel 612 radially inward therefrom. Thus, the movable detent element 618 is positioned between the control surface 606 of the detent ring 604 and the biasing magnetic element 622. The biasing magnetic element 622 may be a permanent magnet or a magnetized component. The biasing magnetic element 622 provides the repulsive force 620 to the movable detent element 618. The detent element 618 may move radially within the aperture 616 of the guide channel 612 and is urged continuously in the direction of the control surface 606 of the detent ring 604 by the repulsive force applied by the biasing magnetic element 622 due to the natural repulsive force between magnets of the same poles. The guide channel 612 may be sized to substantially allow only radial movement of the detent element 618 during operation. For example, the aperture 616 of the guide channel 612 may be bounded laterally by two sidewalls 626 and 628. In the stable position shown in
Similar to the operation of the detent system 102 discussed above with reference to
The moment the detent element 618 reaches the tooth peak 608, the detent element is in the position in which it is pushed furthest into the aperture 616. A minimal further rotation of the detent ring 604 leads to the detent element 618 rolling past the tooth peak 608. Adjoining the tooth peak 608 is an opposite falling tooth flank 632. Due to the repulsive force 620 between the detent element 618 and the biasing magnetic element 622, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond the tooth peak 608. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
Proximate the control surface 706 of the rotatable detent ring 704 is a fixed guide channel 712 which has an open end 714 forming an aperture 716 in which a movable detent element 718 is accommodated. The detent element 718 is either magnetic or can be a permanent magnet and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder. The detent element 718 may be substantially similar to the detent element 118 of
An inward radial force 720 is applied to the detent element 718 by a biasing magnetic element 722 positioned proximate the guide channel 712 radially inward therefrom. Thus, the detent ring 704 is positioned between the movable detent element 718 and the biasing magnetic element 722. The biasing magnetic element 722 may be a permanent magnet or a magnetized component. The biasing magnetic element 722 provides the attractive force 720 to the movable detent element 718. The detent element 718 may move radially within the aperture 716 of the guide channel 712 and is urged continuously in the direction of the control surface 706 of the detent ring 704 by the attractive force applied by the biasing magnetic element 722 due to the natural attractive force between magnets of the opposite poles. The guide channel 712 may be sized to substantially allow only radial movement of the detent element 718 during operation. For example, the aperture 716 of the guide channel 712 may be bounded laterally by two sidewalls 726 and 728. In the stable position shown in
Similar to the operation of the detent system 102 discussed above with reference to
The moment the detent element 718 reaches the tooth peak 708, the detent element is in the position in which it is pushed furthest into the aperture 716. A minimal further rotation of the detent ring 704 leads to the detent element 718 rolling past the tooth peak 708. Adjoining the tooth peak 708 is an opposite falling tooth flank 732. Due to the attractive force 720 between the detent element 718 and the biasing magnetic element 722, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond the tooth peak 708. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
In the illustrated implementation, a movable detent element 818 is positioned on the top control surface 806 of the detent disk. The detent element 818 may be either magnetic or can be a permanent magnet and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder. The detent element 818 may be substantially similar to the detent element 118 of
A downward force is applied to the detent element 818 by a biasing magnetic element 822 positioned below the bottom surface of the detent disk. Thus, the detent disk 804 is positioned between the movable detent element 818 and the biasing magnetic element 822. The biasing magnetic element 822 may be a permanent magnet or a magnetized component. The biasing magnetic element 822 provides the attractive force 820 to the movable detent element 818. The detent element 818 may move vertically within an aperture of a guide channel (not shown for clarity) and is urged continuously downward in the direction of the control surface 806 of the detent disk 804 by the attractive force applied by the biasing magnetic element 822 due to the natural attractive force between magnets of the opposite poles.
Similar to the operation of the detent systems discussed above, the movable magnetic element 818 may “roll” along the top control surface 806 of the detent disk 804 as the detent disk is rotated relative to the movable magnetic element. Due to the attractive force between the detent element 818 and the biasing magnetic element 822, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond one of the tooth peaks 808 and into the next detent recess 810. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
Similar to the operation of the detent systems discussed above, the movable magnetic element 830 may “roll” along the top control surface 806 of the detent disk 804 as the detent disk is rotated relative to the movable magnetic element. Due to the repulsive force between the detent element 830 and the biasing magnetic element 832, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond one of the tooth peaks 808 and into the next detent recess 810. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
In the illustrated implementation, a movable detent element 918 is positioned on the top control surface of the detent plate 904. The detent element 918 may be either magnetic or can be a permanent magnet and in some embodiments, is shaped in the form of a cylinder. The detent element 918 may be substantially similar to the detent element 118 of
A downward force is applied to the detent element 918 by a biasing magnetic element 922 positioned below the bottom surface 907 of the detent plate 904. Thus, the detent plate 904 is positioned between the movable detent element 918 and the biasing magnetic element 922. The biasing magnetic element 922 may be a permanent magnet or a magnetized component. In other implementations, the biasing magnet 922 may be positioned above the movable detent element 918 to apply a downward, repulsive force thereto. The biasing magnetic element 922 provides the attractive force to the movable detent element 918. The detent element 918 may move vertically within an aperture of a guide channel (not shown for clarity) and is urged continuously downward in the direction of the top control surface 906 of the detent plate 904 by the attractive force applied by the biasing magnetic element 922 due to the natural attractive force between magnets of the opposite poles. Similar to the operation of the detent systems discussed above, the movable magnetic element 918 may “roll” along the top control surface 906 of the detent plate 904 as the detent plate is linearly moved relative to the movable detent element. It is noted that either of the detent plate 904 or the detent element 918 may move linearly, so long as they are movable with respect to one another. Due to the attractive force between the detent element 918 and the biasing magnetic element 922, there is an abrupt snap action in the form of a jump by the detent element after the detent element passes beyond one of the tooth peaks 908 and into the next detent recess 910. As discussed above, this abrupt change may cause acoustic feedback information and/or haptic feedback information to be provided to the user indicating a change in the detent position has occurred.
Although
The magnetic elements described herein may comprise any material or object that produces a magnetic field and/or ferromagnetic materials (e.g., ferrous slugs). For example, in some implementations one or more of the magnetic elements are permanent magnets that create their own persistent magnetic field. Such permanent magnets may be made paired with other permanent magnets or with other ferromagnetic materials. Permanent magnets may be made from one or more ferromagnetic materials, such as iron, nickel, cobalt, alloys of rare earth metals, naturally occurring minerals, such as lodestone, etc. In some implementations, one or more of the magnetic elements may include an electromagnet. Generally, an electromagnet is made from a coil of wire that acts as a magnet when an electric current passes through it but stops being a magnet when the current stops. The coil may be wrapped around a core of “soft” ferromagnetic material such as steel, which enhances the magnetic field produced by the coil.
It should be appreciated that although the examples discussed above and shown in the figures utilize linear or circular detent paths, the functionality disclosed herein may be implemented with numerous other types of detent paths. For example, a conical detent path, like that of a bevel gear merit inclusion, or an irregular path with twist, turn and elevation change, like that of a belt or track, may be implemented. Those skilled in the art will appreciate the variations of detent paths that may be utilized.
Further, although in some implementations the magnetic elements may be cylindrical, other shapes may also be used. Fundamentally, the floating magnetic element may be any shape that allows for rolling and, in repelling instances, may also be polarized. For example, other shapes that fulfill the rolling and magnetic aspects include hourglass shapes or shapes that become relatively thin at their poles. Conversely, a non-rolling or biasing magnetic element can be any shape as long as its field poles or field affected mass (ferrous) is aligned to the approximate center of the rolling magnetic element.
The foregoing detailed description has set forth various embodiments of the devices and/or processes via the use of block diagrams, schematics, and examples. Insofar as such block diagrams, schematics, and examples contain one or more functions and/or operations, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that each function and/or operation within such block diagrams, flowcharts, or examples can be implemented, individually and/or collectively, by a wide range of components, or virtually any combination thereof.
Those skilled in the art will recognize that many of the methods or algorithms set out herein may employ additional acts, may omit some acts, and/or may execute acts in a different order than specified.
The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary, to employ systems, circuits and concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.
These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.
