The present disclosure may be better understood, and its numerous features and advantages made apparent to those skilled in the art, by referencing the accompanying drawings.
The use of the same reference symbols in different drawings indicates similar or identical items. Skilled artisans will appreciate that elements in the figures are illustrated for simplicity and clarity and have not necessarily been drawn to scale.
A cylindrical MRI system can be configured such that a patient does not have to be in a lying position during analysis. In a particular embodiment, the patient can sit during analysis. The cylindrical MRI system can be oriented such that a central axis is not parallel to the floor, and in one embodiment, is substantially perpendicular to the floor. In one embodiment, the cylindrical MRI system can be configured to allow an object to contact the patient when the patient is within the analyzing region, even when the primary magnet is at field. In another aspect, an MRI system can include a primary magnet and a gradient coil with different types of shapes. In still another aspect, an MRI system can include a gradient coil that includes a combination of portions having different shapes. The MRI systems described herein can reduce the amount of required floor space occupied by the MRI system and improve the patient experience.
In a first aspect, a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a primary magnet, wherein an opening extends through a center of the primary magnet. The magnetic resonance imaging system can also include an analyzing region disposed within the opening, wherein the analyzing region is configured to allow a patient to sit within the magnetic resonance imaging system when the patient is being analyzed.
In a second aspect, a method of using a magnetic resonance imaging system can include disposing a patient within the magnetic resonance imaging system, wherein the magnetic resonance imaging system includes a primary magnet having an annulus, and an opening disposed within the annulus. The method can also include analyzing the patient using the magnetic resonance imaging system, wherein analyzing is performed when the patient is disposed within the opening and not in a lying position.
In a third aspect, a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a primary magnet having a first type of shape and a gradient coil having a second type of shape different from the first type of shape.
In a fourth aspect, a gradient coil for a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a substantially cylindrical portion including an annulus and a first opening within the annulus, and a substantially flat portion adjacent to the substantially cylindrical portion, wherein the substantially flat portion is disposed along a bottom of the first opening.
A few terms are defined or clarified to aid in understanding of the terms as used throughout this specification.
The term “analyzing region,” with respect to an MRI system, is intended to mean a region within the MRI system where a patient or other object can be properly analyzed when using the MRI system.
The term “chair” is intended to mean a structure or other object used to support the back and legs of patient when the patient would be in a sitting position.
The term “cylindrical MRI system” is intended to mean an MRI system that has a primary magnet that surrounds a patient or other object when analyzed using the MRI system.
The terms “gradient coil” is intended to mean a coil or a set of coils that can be used during analysis of a patient to affect a magnetic field generated by a primary magnet. Typically, as is common in the art, “gradient coil” refers to any system that creates a time-varying modulation of the primary magnetic field for a purpose of focusing data collection on a particular location.
As used in this specification, an intersection of a line and a plane is expressed in terms of acute angles only. Thus, the maximum value of an angle at the intersection of a line and plane is 90°. An intersection of two lines can acute or obtuse. Thus, the maximum value of an angle at the intersection of two lines is 180°.
The term “open MRI system” is intended to mean an MRI system that has a pair of primary magnets that lie on opposite sides of a patient or other object when analyzed using the MRI system.
The term “pass-through object” is intended to mean tubing, a sensor, a probe, a scalpel, a syringe, a biopsy needle, or other instrument used in analyzing, diagnosing, treating, or performing a medical procedure on a patient, wherein at least a portion of such tubing, sensor, probe, scalpel, syringe, biopsy needle, or other instrument is capable of being passed or extending through an opening in a magnetic resonance imaging system while a primary magnet of the system is at a magnetic field substantially greater than 0.0 T.
The term “pelvic region” is intended to mean a region of a patient that extends from a plane substantially perpendicular to length of the patient and including the top of a hip bone (iliac crest of the ilium) to another plane substantially perpendicular to length of the patient and including the bottom of a bone adjacent to the public arch (ischium).
The term “primary magnet” is intended to mean a magnet capable of generating a substantially static magnetic field that is significantly stronger than a gradient coil.
The term “seat” is intended to mean a structure or other object used to support the buttocks of a patient, the pelvic region of a patient, or a combination thereof when the patient would be in a sitting position.
The term “typical operating state” is intended to mean a state in which all superconducting elements along a superconducting current path are in their superconducting states.
As used herein, the terms “comprises,” “comprising,” “includes,” “including,” “has,” “having” or any other variation thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements is not necessarily limited to only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Further, unless expressly stated to the contrary, “or” refers to an inclusive or and not to an exclusive or. For example, a condition A or B is satisfied by any one of the following: A is true (or present) and B is false (or not present), A is false (or not present) and B is true (or present), and both A and B are true (or present).
Additionally, for clarity purposes and to give a general sense of the scope of the embodiments described herein, the use of the “a” or “an” is employed to describe one or more articles to which “a” or “an” refers. Therefore, the description should be read to include one or at least one whenever “a” or “an” is used, and the singular also includes the plural unless it is clear that the contrary is meant otherwise.
Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. All publications, patent applications, patents, and other references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety. In case of conflict, the present specification, including definitions, will control. In addition, the materials, methods, and examples are illustrative only and not intended to be limiting.
To the extent not described herein, many details regarding specific materials, processing acts, and components, assemblies, and systems are conventional and may be found in textbooks and other sources within the superconducting, cryogenic, and medical device arts.
The primary magnet section 102 can generate a relatively large, substantially static magnetic field when the MRI system 100 is in its typical operating state. In one embodiment when the MRI system 100 is in its typical operating state, the magnetic field generated by a primary magnet is significantly greater than 0.0 T and can be at least 0.1, 0.5, 0.9, or 1.5 T, and in another embodiment, the magnetic field may not exceed 10, 5, or 3 T. In still other embodiments, a stronger or weaker magnetic field may be used with the primary magnet section 102.
The primary magnet section 102 can include a permanent magnet or an electromagnetic coil. The primary magnet can be a solenoid that includes a superconducting or other conductive wire. In one embodiment, the primary magnet section 102 can include one primary magnet, and in another embodiment can include more than one primary magnet. When the primary magnet section 102 includes a plurality of primary magnets, the primary magnets can be oriented such that primary magnets lie along a central axis. For simplicity, the remainder of the description of the primary magnet section 102 will refer to a primary magnet, even though one or more than one primary magnet may be present.
A central axis 228 extends through the opening 226 and analyzing region. Unlike a conventional cylindrical MRI system that has a central axis that lies along a line parallel to a plane that corresponds to the floor over which the MRI system 100 lies, the central axis 228 of the MRI system 100 lies along a line that is not substantially perpendicular to the plane. In one embodiment, the line and the plane intersect at an angle of at least 30°, 45°, or 60°. In a particular embodiment, the line is substantially perpendicular to the plane. In still another embodiment, the angle can be less than 90°, 80°, or 70°. In further embodiments, intermediate values for the angles (e.g., between 80° and 90°) can be used. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will appreciate that angles less than 30° can be used. The orientation of the primary magnet 202 and analyzing region of the MRI system 100 can allow a patient to sit within the analyzing region when being analyzed. Methods of using the MRI system 100 are described later in this specification.
The gradient coil section 104 can include a meander path or an electromagnetic coil that may include a superconducting or other conductive wire, or any other construction used in the art to create a time-varying modulation of the primary magnetic field for the purposes of focusing the data collection on a particular location. In one embodiment, the gradient coil section 104 can include one gradient coil, and in another embodiment can include more than one gradient coil. For simplicity, the remainder of the description of the gradient coil section 104 will refer to a gradient coil, even though one coil or more than one coil (e.g., a set of coils) may be present.
The gradient coil can be a cylindrical style, pancake style, or a combination that includes a cylindrical-shaped portion and a substantially flat portion.
In one embodiment, the MRI system 100 includes a primary magnet having a first type of shape, and a gradient coil having a second type of shape different from the first type of shape. Conventionally, a cylindrical-shaped gradient coil is used with a cylindrical-shaped primary magnet, and pancake-shaped gradient coils are used in open MRI systems. Unlike a conventional MRI system, the MRI system 100 can use a pancake-shaped gradient coil with the primary magnet 202. In another embodiment (not illustrated), an open MRI system can use a cylindrical-shaped gradient coil. In still another embodiment, a polygon-shaped gradient coil may be used with a cylindrical MRI system or an open MRI system.
The MRI system 100 can include another section not illustrated. For example, the MRI system 100 can include a vessel that contains a cryogenic liquid, electrical and electronic sub-systems for operating the MRI system 100, magnetic field shielding (active, passive, or a combination thereof), another suitable sub-system, or any combination thereof.
The MRI systems described herein can be significantly smaller than commercial MRI systems currently in use. The MRI system 100 may occupy less than approximately 2.2 m2 (less than approximately 24 ft2) in one embodiment, less than approximately 2.0 m (less than approximately 20 ft2) in another embodiment, less than approximately 1.5 m (less than approximately 17 ft2) in still another embodiment, or even less floor space. In one embodiment, the MRI system is configured such that it has a single opening for the ingress and egress of the patient.
Due in part to their smaller size, the MRI systems described herein can have a substantially equal or significantly higher primary magnetic field in the region to be imaged, as compared to a conventional MRI system. Higher magnetic fields give images with higher resolution. For example, the MRI system 100 may have a primary magnetic field of 1.5 Tesla in one embodiment, greater than approximately 3 T in another embodiment, greater than approximately 5 T in still another embodiment, or even higher magnetic field.
Attention is now directed to methods of using the MRI system 100. Any of the previously described embodiments may be used. The method can include disposing a patient within the MRI system, at block 502 in
In any one or more of the embodiments where a seat is used, the method can optionally include positioning the patient onto the seat. The positioning may be performed before disposing a patient within the MRI system, during disposing a patient within the MRI system, after disposing a patient within the MRI system, or any combination thereof. The position may be performed by the patient with or without assistance. Positioning may be performed to place the patient in proper alignment with sensors in the chair, seat, or both, to improve comfort of the patient, or another reason.
The method can also include analyzing the patient for a first time using the MRI system, at block 504. Analyzing can be performed when the patient is in a sitting position. In a particular embodiment, a head and a leg of the patient extend outside of an analyzing region of the MRI system. A first line can be defined to include a first point corresponding to a center of the pelvic region of the patient and a second point corresponding to a center of the torso at the base of the neck of the patient. A second line can be defined to include the first point and a third point corresponding to a center of a knee of the patient. An angle is formed at an intersection of the first line and the second line may be no greater than 120° in one embodiment, no greater than 110° in another embodiment, and no greater than 100° in still another embodiment. The angle may be at least 60° in one embodiment and at least 80° in another embodiment. In another embodiment, a different angle may be used that is less than 60°, greater than 120°, or has another value between 60° and 120° (e.g., 90°). In yet another embodiment, the angle can be changed, such that during a first portion of the analysis, one angle is used, and during a second portion of analysis, a different angle is used. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will be able to select an angle that meets their needs or desires.
The method can optionally include contacting the patient with an object, at block 522. The object can be a pass-through object. In one embodiment, the contacting can be performed before, during, or after images are taken using the MRI system. In a particular embodiment, the contacting can be performed when the patient is within the analyzing region of the MRI system and when the MRI system is in its typical operating state. The primary magnet section is at a magnetic field significantly greater than 0.0 T, and typically is within a specified operating range. In one embodiment, the contacting can include inserting a probe into a cavity of the patient. In another embodiment, a scalpel, laser, or other tool can be used to remove or oblate a cancerous growth or other matter from the patient. In still another embodiment, the object can be an implant or other article to be inserted into the patient. In still another embodiment, the object can be used to perform a desired surgery. An opening within the gradient coil can allow such contact. For example, the gradient coil may be cylindrical or otherwise include an opening, such as the gradient coil 404 in
The method can still further include analyzing the patient for a second time using the MRI system, at block 524 in
Analyzing the patient for the second time may be performed using any one or more of the embodiments previously described with respect to analyzing the patient for the first time. The actual embodiments used in analysis of the patient for the first and second times may be the same or different.
The MRI systems and methods of using them as described herein can allow for a patient to be in a sitting position when being analyzed, diagnosed, treated, having another medical procedure performed, or any combination thereof. During analyzing the patient, the head and a leg of the patient extend outside of a same side of the opening 226 within the annulus 224 of the primary magnet. The ability to sit can allow the patient to be more comfortable. Additionally, the patient may have a better MRI experience. The head of the patient does not need to enter or pass through the opening in the primary magnet section. Thus, the patient is less likely to feel claustrophobic when the pelvic region of the patient is disposed within the analyzing region of the MRI system. Thus, the patient may be less anxious and less likely to require sedation.
Many different aspects and embodiments are possible. Some of those aspects and embodiments are described below. After reading this specification, skilled artisans will appreciate that those aspects and embodiments are only illustrative and do not limit the scope of the present invention.
In a first aspect, a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a primary magnet, wherein an opening extends through a center of the primary magnet. The magnetic resonance imaging system can also include an analyzing region disposed within the opening, wherein the analyzing region is configured to allow a patient to sit within the magnetic resonance imaging system when the patient is being analyzed.
In one embodiment of the first aspect, the magnetic resonance imaging system is configured, such that it has a single opening for ingress and egress of the patient. In another embodiment, a central axis of the primary magnet lies along a line that is not substantially parallel to a plane corresponding to a floor over which the magnetic resonance imaging system lies. In a particular embodiment, the line intersects the plane at an angle in a range of 30° to 90°. In still another embodiment, a central axis of the primary magnet lies along a line that is substantially perpendicular to a plane corresponding to a floor over which the magnetic resonance imaging system lies.
In a further embodiment of the first aspect, the magnetic resonance imaging system further includes a gradient coil, wherein the primary magnet has a first type of shape, and the gradient coil has a second type of shape different from the first type of shape. In still a further embodiment, the magnetic resonance imaging system further includes a seat, a chair, or a combination thereof, wherein the seat, the chair, or the combination is designed to be partly or completely disposed within the analyzing region during a typical operation of the magnetic resonance imaging system.
In a second aspect, a method of using a magnetic resonance imaging system can include disposing a patient within the magnetic resonance imaging system, wherein the magnetic resonance imaging system includes a primary magnet having an annulus, and an opening disposed within the annulus. The method can also include analyzing the patient using the magnetic resonance imaging system, wherein analyzing is performed when the patient is disposed within the opening and not in a lying position.
In one embodiment of the second aspect, the method further includes positioning the patient on a seat. In another embodiment, disposing the patient includes placing a combination of the patient and a seat into an analyzing region of the magnetic resonance imaging system. In still another embodiment, during analyzing the patient, a head and a leg of the patient extend partly or completely outside of a same side of the opening within the annulus of the primary magnet.
In a further embodiment of the second aspect, during analyzing the patient, a head and a leg of the patient partly or completely extend outside of an analyzing region of the magnetic resonance imaging system. A first line includes a first point corresponding to a center of a pelvic region of the patient and a second point corresponding to a center at a base of a neck of the patient, and a second line includes the first point and a third point corresponding to a center of a knee of the patient. An angle is formed at an intersection of the first line and the second line, wherein the angle is no greater than 120°. In still a further embodiment, the method further includes contacting the patient with an object, wherein contacting is performed when the patient and the object are disposed within the analyzing region and when a primary magnet of the magnetic resonance imaging system is at a magnetic field significantly greater than 0.0 T.
In a third aspect, a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a primary magnet having a first type of shape and a gradient coil having a second type of shape different from the first type of shape.
In one embodiment of the third aspect, the first type of shape includes an annulus, and the second type of shape includes an outer perimeter and is substantially solid at all points within the outer perimeter. In another embodiment, the first type of shape includes a substantially open, substantially cylindrical shape, and the second type of shape includes a substantially flat, substantially circular shape. In a particular embodiment, the first type of shape includes a first opening having a first opening width, and the second type of shape includes a second opening having a second opening width, wherein the first opening width is larger than the second opening width.
In a fourth aspect, a gradient coil for a magnetic resonance imaging system can include a substantially cylindrical portion including an annulus and a first opening within the annulus, and a substantially flat portion adjacent to the substantially cylindrical portion, wherein the substantially flat portion is disposed along a bottom of the first opening.
In one embodiment of the fourth aspect, the substantially cylindrical portion abuts the substantially flat portion. In another embodiment, the first opening of the substantially cylindrical portion has a first opening width, and the substantially flat portion further includes an outer perimeter that has a corresponding outer perimeter width, wherein the corresponding outer perimeter width is no greater than 3 times larger than the first opening width. In still another embodiment, the substantially flat portion further includes a second opening that has a second opening width, wherein the first opening width is larger than the second opening width.
Note that not all of the activities described above in the general description or the examples are required, that a portion of a specific activity may not be required, and that one or more further activities may be performed in addition to those described. Still further, the order in which activities are listed is not necessarily the order in which they are performed.
The illustrations of the embodiments described herein are intended to provide a general understanding of the structure of the various embodiments. The illustrations are not intended to serve as a complete description of all of the elements and features of apparatus and systems that utilize the structures or methods described herein. Many other embodiments may be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the disclosure. Other embodiments may be utilized and derived from the disclosure, such that a structural substitution, logical substitution, or another change may be made without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Additionally, the illustrations are merely representational and may not be drawn to scale. Certain proportions within the illustrations may be exaggerated, while other proportions may be minimized. Accordingly, the disclosure and the figures are to be regarded as illustrative rather than restrictive.
One or more embodiments of the disclosure may be referred to herein, individually or collectively, by the term “invention” merely for convenience and without intending to voluntarily limit the scope of this application to any particular invention or inventive concept. Moreover, although specific embodiments have been illustrated and described herein, it should be appreciated that any subsequent arrangement designed to achieve the same or similar purpose may be substituted for the specific embodiments shown. This disclosure is intended to cover any and all subsequent adaptations or variations of various embodiments. Combinations of the above embodiments, and other embodiments not specifically described herein, will be apparent to those of skill in the art upon reviewing the description.
The Abstract of the Disclosure is provided to comply with 37 C.F.R. §1.72(b) and is submitted with the understanding that it will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. In addition, in the foregoing Detailed Description, various features may be grouped together or described in a single embodiment for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. This disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed subject matter requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive subject matter may be directed to less than all of the features of any of the disclosed embodiments. Thus, the following claims are incorporated into the Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as defining separately claimed subject matter.
Benefits, other advantages, and solutions to problems have been described above with regard to specific embodiments. However, the benefits, advantages, solutions to problems, and any feature(s) that may cause any benefit, advantage, or solution to occur or become more pronounced are not to be construed as a critical, required, or essential feature of any or all the claims.
It is to be appreciated that certain features are, for clarity, described herein in the context of separate embodiments, may also be provided in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, various features that are, for brevity, described in the context of a single embodiment, may also be provided separately or in any subcombination. Further, reference to values stated in ranges includes each and every value within that range.
The above-disclosed subject matter is to be considered illustrative, and not restrictive, and the appended claims are intended to cover any and all such modifications, enhancements, and other embodiments that fall within the scope of the present invention. Thus, to the maximum extent allowed by law, the scope of the present invention is to be determined by the broadest permissible interpretation of the following claims and their equivalents, and shall not be restricted or limited by the foregoing detailed description.
The present disclosure is related to U.S. patent application Ser. No. ______ entitled “Seat, a Chair Including a Seat, And a Method of Using a Magnetic Resonance Imaging System Including a Seat” by Jonas et al. filed on ______, 2006, which is assigned to the current assignee hereof and incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.