Patent Application
20080271740
The present invention pertains to a maintenance-free, flat-fold respirator that is capable of being folded flat for storage and, during use, is capable of forming a cup-shaped air chamber over the wearer's nose and mouth. A graspable tab is provided along the mask body periphery to assist in opening the mask from its storage configuration to its open in-use configuration.
Maintenance-free respirators (sometimes referred to as “filtering face masks” or “filtering face pieces”) are worn over the breathing passages of a person for two common purposes: (1) to prevent impurities or contaminants from entering the wearer's breathing track; and (2) to protect other persons or things from being exposed to pathogens and other contaminants exhaled by the wearer. In the first situation, the respirator is worn in an environment where the air contains particles that are harmful to the wearer, for example, in an auto body shop. In the second situation, the maintenance-free respirator is worn in an environment where there is risk of contamination to others persons or things, for example, in an operating room or clean room.
Maintenance-free respirators are lightweight products that have the filter media incorporated into the mask body itself. Maintenance-free respirators do not use attachable filter cartridges or insert molded filter elements (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,790,306 to Braun). As such, maintenance-free respirators are relatively simple in construction and are easy to use. Maintenance-free respirators commonly take the form of a molded cup-shaped structure—see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,307,796 to Kronzer et al., and 6,041,782, 6,119,691, and 6,923,182 to Angadjivand et al. One particular molded cup-shaped mask has a tab placed on its outside surface to make it easy to grasp—see U.S. Pat. No. 6,948,499 to Griesbach.
Another kind of maintenance-free respirator is a flat-fold respirator. These respirators often include a plurality of panels that can be folded into a generally planar arrangement for respirator storage. Examples of flat-fold respirators are shown in U.S. Pat. No. 6,886,563 to Bostock et al. and U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,394,090, D448,472, and D443,927 to Chen. To don a flat-fold respirator, the panels are unfolded to create a cup-shaped configuration that creates an air chamber over the nose and mouth of the wearer. Unlike the molded maintenance-free respirators, the flat-fold respirators require that the user grasp the panels and pull them apart with their fingers to create an open in-use configuration.
If the user touches the mask body interior with their fingers when opening a flat-fold mask, contaminants may be placed within the mask interior, making the respirator unsafe for the wearer to use. The present invention addresses a need to make it easier for respirator users to open a flat-fold maintenance-free respirator from a folded, closed state without having to make finger contact with the interior of the mask body.
The present invention provides a new maintenance-free, flat-fold respirator that comprises: (a) a mask body that comprises a plurality of panels that can fold in towards each other and that can unfold into an open in-use configuration; and (b) a graspable tab that extends from the regular periphery of at least one of the panel(s) such that the tab assists the user in pulling the panel(s) from a folded condition to open the mask body into an open ready-to-use configuration.
The inventive flat-fold respirator differs from known respirators of this kind in that it includes a graspable tab that extends from the regular periphery of a respirator panel. Known flat-fold, maintenance-free respirators did not include such tabs and thus were more difficult to open in a safe manner. Accordingly, the present invention reduces the opportunity for contaminants to get into the mask body interior when the respirator is being donned by the user. The invention is also beneficial in that it can allow the wearer to more easily reposition the mask body on the wearer's face while minimizing contamination risk.
These and other advantages of the invention are more fully shown and described in the drawings and detailed description of this invention, where like reference numerals are used to represent similar parts. It is to be understood, however, that the drawings and description are for the purposes of illustration only and should not be read in a manner that would unduly limit the scope of this invention.
As used in this document, the following terms are defined as set below:
“centrally” means located such that a plane bisects the part essentially symmetrically;
“central panel” means a panel that is located between upper and lower panels;
“central plane” means a plane that bisects the mask normally to its crosswise dimension;
“clean air” means a volume of atmospheric ambient air that has been filtered to remove contaminants;
“comprises (or comprising)” means its definition as is standard in patent terminology, being an open-ended term that is generally synonymous with “includes”, “having”, or “containing”. Although “comprises”, “includes”, “having”, and “containing” and variations thereof are commonly-used, open-ended terms, this invention also may be suitably described using narrower terms such as “consists essentially of”, which is semi open-ended term in that it excludes only those things or elements that would have a deleterious effect on the performance of the inventive maintenance-free respirator in serving its intended function;
“contaminants” means particles (including dusts, mists, and fumes) and/or other substances that generally may not be considered to be particles (e.g., organic vapors, et cetera) but which may be suspended in air, including air in an exhale flow stream;
“crosswise dimension” is the dimension that extends across a wearer's nose when the respirator is worn;
“exterior gas space” means the ambient atmospheric gas space into which exhaled gas enters after passing through and beyond the mask body and/or exhalation valve;
“face-contacting perimeter” means the perimeter that would be in contact with a wearer's face when the respirator is being worn;
“filtration layer” means one or more layers of material, which layer(s) is adapted for the primary purpose of removing contaminants (such as particles) from an air stream that passes through it;
“filter media” means an air-permeable structure that is designed to remove contaminants from air that passes through it;
“flat-fold” means the respirator has at least one line of demarcation about which the respirator generally folds or bends in response to simple manual pressure;
“graspable” means that the part is specifically designed for being grasped by a person's fingers;
“harness” means a structure or combination of parts that assists in supporting a mask body on a wearer's face;
“integral” means that it is part of the whole panel or mask body and is not a separate piece that is attached thereto;
“interior gas space” means the space between a mask body and a person's face;
“line of demarcation” means a fold, seam, weld line, bond line, stitch line, hinge line, and/or any combination thereof;
“lower panel” means a panel that extends under or makes contact with a wearer's chin when the respirator is being worn by a person;
“maintenance-free” means that the mask body itself is air-permeable and is designed to filter air that passes through it—there are no filter cartridges or insert molded filter elements attached to or molded into the mask body for this purpose;
“mask body” means an air permeable structure that can fit at least over the nose and mouth of a person and that helps define an interior gas space separated from an exterior gas space;
“nose clip” means a mechanical device (other than a nose foam), which device is adapted for use on a mask body to improve the seal at least around a wearer's nose;
“nose foam” means a foam-type material that is adapted for placement on the interior of a mask body to improve fit and/or wearer comfort over the nose when the respirator is worn;
“nose region” means the portion that resides over a person's nose when the respirator is worn;
“panel” means a three-dimensional part or portion that is substantially larger in first and second dimensions than in a third;
“perimeter” means the outer edge;
“periphery” means the outer surface;
“polymer” means a material that contains repeating chemical units, regularly or irregularly arranged;
“polymeric” and “plastic” each mean a material that mainly includes one or more polymers and may contain other ingredients as well;
“regular interior” means the inner surface of the mask body excluding a tab;
“regular perimeter” means the path that the perimeter would have followed if a tab was not present along the perimeter;
“regular periphery” is the periphery that the mask body would have if a tab was not present on the mask body;
“respirator” means a device that is worn by a person to filter air before the air enters the person's respiratory system;
“tab” means a projecting part or flap, excluding an exhalation valve or harness, that is intentionally sized to be large enough for being pulled on by a person's fingers; and
“upper panel” means the panel that extends over the nose region and under the wearer's eyes when the respirator is worn.
a and 9b are enlarged cross-sectional views of the central and upper panels 18 and 16, respectively, taken from
In practicing the present invention, a new flat-fold respirator has been provided that makes it easier to don and doff with less risk of placing contaminants into the mask interior. The provision of a “graspable tab” that extends from the “regular periphery” of the mask body enables the user to easily grasp that panel when opening flat-fold respirator and when donning the respirator. By having the graspable tab extend from the regular periphery, the wearer does not need to grasp the regular interior of the mask body when unfolding the mask from its folded condition.
As particularly shown in
The maintenance-free respirator 10 also may be provided with first and second side tabs or flanges 30 and 32 that provide a region for securement of the harness 14 that may include straps or elastic bands 34. The straps or bands 34 are stapled 35 to the mask body 12 at each opposing side to hold the mask body 12 against the face of the wearer when the mask is being worn. U.S. Pat. D449,377 to Henderson et al. shows an example of tabs or flanges that can be used as strap securement regions. The harness also could be secured to the mask body by adhering, gluing, welding, etc. An example of a compression element that could be used to fasten a harness to a mask body using ultrasonic welding is described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,729,332 and 6,705,317 to Castiglione. The band also could be welded directly to the mask body without using a separate attachment element—see U.S. Pat. No. 6,332,465 to Xue et al. Examples of harnesses that could possibly be used in conjunction with the present invention are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,394,568 to Brostrom et al. and 5,237,986 to Seppala et al. and in EP 608684A to Brostrom et al. The upper panel 16 can have its structure altered to increase resistance to air flow to help prevent the fogging of protective eyewear—see copending U.S. patent application ______ entitled Maintenance-Free Anti-Fog Respirator, filed on the same day as the present document under attorney case number 63051US002.
The upper panel 16 of mask body 12 also may include a nose clip 36 that is made from a malleable strip of metal such as aluminum, which can be conformed by mere finger pressure to adapt the respirator to the configuration of the wearer's face in the nose region. An example of a suitable nose clip is shown and described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,558,089 and Des. 412,573 to Castiglione. Other examples are shown in US Patent Publication 2007/0044803A1 and U.S. patent application Ser. No. 11/236,283.
As shown in
As shown in
The mask body may optionally include a stiffening layer in one or more of the mask panels. The purpose the stiffening layer is, as its name implies, to increase the stiffness of the panel(s) relative to other panels or parts of the mask body. The stiffer panel(s) help support the mask body off of the face of the user. The stiffening layer may be located in any combination of the panels but is preferably located in the central panel of the mask body. Giving support to the center of the mask helps prevent the mask body from collapse onto the nose and mouth of the user when in use, while leaving the top and bottom panels relatively compliant to aid sealing to the wearer's face. The stiffening layer may be positioned at any point within the layered construction of the panel and typically is located on or near the outer cover web.
The stiffening layer can be formed from any number of web based materials. These materials may include open mesh like structures made of any number of commonly available polymers, such as polypropylene, polyethylene, and the like. The stiffening layer also may be derived from a spunbond web based material, again made from either polypropylene or polyethylene. The distinguishing property of the stiffening layer is that its stiffness, relative to the other layers within the mask body, is greater.
Filter layers used in a mask body of the invention can be of a particle capture or gas and vapor type. The filter layer also may be a barrier layer that prevents the transfer of liquid from one side of the filter layer to another to prevent, for instance, liquid aerosols or liquid splashes from penetrating the filter layer. Multiple layers of similar or dissimilar filter types may be used to construct the filtration layer of the invention as the application requires. Filters beneficially employed in a layered mask body of the invention are generally low in pressure drop (for example, less than about 20 to 30 mm H2O at a face velocity of 13.8 centimeters per second) to minimize the breathing work of the mask wearer. Filtration layers additionally are flexible and have sufficient shear strength so that they generally maintain their structure under expected use conditions. Examples of particle capture filters include one or more webs of fine inorganic fibers (such as fiberglass) or polymeric synthetic fibers. Synthetic fiber webs may include electret charged polymeric microfibers that are produced from processes such as meltblowing. Polyolefin microfibers formed from polypropylene that are surface fluorinated and electret charged provide particular utility for particulate capture applications. The filter layer also may comprise a sorbent component for removing hazardous or odorous gases from the breathing air. Sorbents may include powders or granules that are bound in a filter layer by adhesives, binders, or fibrous structures—see U.S. Pat. No. 3,971,373 to Braun. A sorbent layer can be formed by coating a substrate, such as fibrous or reticulated foam, to form a thin coherent layer. Sorbent materials such as activated carbons, that are chemically treated or not, porous alumna-silica catalyst substrates, and alumna particles, are examples of sorbents that may be useful.
The filtration layer is typically chosen to achieve a desired filtering effect and, generally, removes a high percentage of particles or other contaminants from the gaseous stream that passes through it. For fibrous filter layers, the fibers selected depend upon the kind of substance to be filtered and, typically, are chosen so that they do not become bonded together during the molding operation. As indicated, the filter layer may come in a variety of shapes and forms. It typically has a thickness of about 0.2 millimeters (mm) to 1 centimeter (cm), more typically about 0.3 millimeters to 0.5 cm, and it could be a planar web coextensive with the shaping or stiffening layer, or it could be a corrugated web that has an expanded surface area relative to the shaping layer—see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,804,295 and 5,656,368 to Braun et al. The filtration layer also may include multiple layers of filter media joined together by an adhesive component. Essentially any suitable material that is known for forming a filtering layer of a direct-molded respiratory mask may be used for the mask filtering material. Webs of melt-blown fibers, such as taught in Wente, Van A., Superfine Thermoplastic Fibers, 48 Indus. Engn. Chem., 1342 et seq. (1956), especially when in a persistent electrically charged (electret) form are especially useful (see, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,682 to Kubik et al.). These melt-blown fibers may be microfibers that have an effective fiber diameter less than about 20 micrometers (μm) (referred to as BMF for “blown microfiber”), typically about 1 to 12 μm. Effective fiber diameter may be determined according to Davies, C. N., The Separation Of Airborne Dust Particles, Institution Of Mechanical Engineers, London, Proceedings 1B, 1952. Particularly preferred are BMF webs that contain fibers formed from polypropylene, poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), and combinations thereof. Electrically charged fibrillated-film fibers as taught in van Turnhout, U.S. Pat. Re. 31,285, may also be suitable, as well as rosin-wool fibrous webs and webs of glass fibers or solution-blown, or electrostatically sprayed fibers, especially in microfilm form. Electric charge can be imparted to the fibers by contacting the fibers with water as disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,824,718 to Eitzman et al., 6,783,574 to Angadjivand et al., 6,743,464 to Insley et al., 6,454,986 and 6,406,657 to Eitzman et al., and 6,375,886 and 5,496,507 to Angadjivand et al. Electric charge also may be impacted to the fibers by corona charging as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,588,537 to Klasse et al. or by tribocharging as disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 4,798,850 to Brown. Also, additives can be included in the fibers to enhance the filtration performance of webs produced through the hydro-charging process (see U.S. Pat. No. 5,908,598 to Rousseau et al.). Fluorine atoms, in particular, can be disposed at the surface of the fibers in the filter layer to improve filtration performance in an oily mist environment—see U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,398,847 B1, 6,397,458 B1, and 6,409,806 B1 to Jones et al. Typical basis weights for electret BMF filtration layers are about 15 to 100 grams per square meter. When electrically charged according to techniques described in, for example, the '507 patent the basis weight may be about 20 to 40 g/m2 and about 10 to 30 g/m2, respectively.
An inner cover web may be used to provide a smooth surface that contacts the face of the wearer, and an outer cover web may be used to entrap loose fibers from the filtration and stiffening layers or for aesthetic reasons. A cover web typically does not provide any significant shape retention to the mask body. To obtain a suitable degree of comfort, an inner cover web preferably has a comparatively low basis weight and is formed from comparatively fine fibers. More particularly, the cover web has a basis weight of about 5 to 50 g/m2 (typically 10 to 30 g/m2), and the fibers are less than 3.5 denier (typically less than 2 denier, and more typically less than 1 denier). Fibers used in the cover web often have an average fiber diameter of about 5 to 24 micrometers (μm), typically of about 7 to 18 μm, and more typically of about 8 to 12 μm.
The cover web material may be suitable for use in the molding procedure by which the mask body is formed, and to that end, advantageously, has a degree of elasticity (typically, but not essentially, 100 to 200% at break) or is plastically deformable.
Suitable materials for the cover web are blown microfiber (BMF) materials, particularly polyolefin BMF materials, for example polypropylene BMF materials (including polypropylene blends and also blends of polypropylene and polyethylene). A suitable process for producing BMF materials for a cover web is described in U.S. Pat. No. 4,013,816 to Sabee et al. The web may be formed by collecting the fibers on a smooth surface, typically a smooth-surfaced drum.
A typical cover web may be made from polypropylene or a polypropylene/polyolefin blend that contains 50 weight percent or more polypropylene. These materials have been found to offer high degrees of softness and comfort to the wearer and also, when the filter material is a polypropylene BMF material, to remain secured to the filter material after the molding operation without requiring an adhesive between the layers. Typical materials for the cover web are polyolefin BMF materials that have a basis weight of about 15 to 35 grams per square meter (g/m2) and a fiber denier of about 0.1 to 3.5, and are made by a process similar to that described in the '816 patent. Polyolefin materials that are suitable for use in a cover web may include, for example, a single polypropylene, blends of two polypropylenes, and blends of polypropylene and polyethylene, blends of polypropylene and poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), and/or blends of polypropylene and polybutylene. One example of a fiber for the cover web is a polypropylene BMF made from the polypropylene resin “Escorene 3505G” from Exxon Corporation and having a basis weight of about 25 g/m2 and a fiber denier in the range 0.2 to 3.1 (with an average, measured over 100 fibers of about 0.8). Another suitable fiber is a polypropylene/polyethylene BMF (produced from a mixture comprising 85 percent of the resin “Escorene 3505G” and 15 percent of the ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer “Exact 4023” also from Exxon Corporation) having a basis weight 25 g/m2 and an average fiber denier of about 0.8. Other suitable materials may include spunbond materials available, under the trade designations “Corosoft Plus 20”, “Corosoft Classic 20” and “Corovin PP-S-14”, from Corovin GmbH of Peine, Germany, and a carded polypropylene/viscose material available, under the trade designation “370/15”, from J.W. Suominen OY of Nakila, Finland.
Cover webs that are used in the invention preferably have very few fibers protruding from the surface of the web after processing and therefore have a smooth outer surface. Examples of cover webs that may be used in the present invention are disclosed, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 6,041,782 to Angadjivand, U.S. Pat. No. 6,123,077 to Bostock et al., and WO 96/28216A to Bostock et al.
The respirator also may include an optional exhalation valve that allows for the easy exhalation of air by the user. Exhalation valves that exhibit an extraordinary low pressure drop during an exhalation are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,188,622, 7,028,689, and 7,013,895 to Martin et al.; 7,117,868, 6,854,463, 6,843,248, and 5,325,892 to Japuntich et al.; and 6,883,518 to Mittelstadt et al. The exhalation valve may be secured to the central panel, preferably near the middle of the central panel, by a variety of means including sonic welds, adhesion bonding, mechanical clamping, and the like—see, for example, U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,069,931, 7,007,695, 6,959,709, and 6,604,524 to Curran et al and EP1,030,721 to Williams et al.
Flat-fold, maintenance-free respirators of the present invention can be manufactured according to the process described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,123,077, 6,484,722, 6,536,434, 6,568,392, 6,715,489, 6,722,366, 6,886,563, 7,069,930, and US Patent Publication No. US2006/0180152A1 and EP0814871B1 to Bostock et al.
This invention may take on various modifications and alterations without departing from the spirit and scope thereof. Accordingly, it is to be understood that this invention is not to be limited to the above-described, but it is to be controlled by the limitations set forth in the following claims and any equivalents thereof. It is also to be understood that this invention may be suitably practiced in the absence of any element not specifically disclosed herein.
All patents and patent applications cited above, including those in the Background section, are incorporated by reference into this document in total. To the extent that there is a conflict between such incorporated document and the present document, the description in the present document will control.
