Maintenance of male-sterile plants

FIELD OF THE INVENTION
This invention relates to a process for maintaining male-sterile plant lines that can be used for the production of hybrid seed of a crop, to maintainer plants that can be used in such a process, and to maintainer genes that can be used to produce such maintainer plants.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
In many, if not most, plant species, the development of hybrid cultivars is highly desired because of their generally increased productivity due to heterosis: the superior performance of hybrid individuals compared with their parents (see, e.g., Fehr (1987) "Principles of Cultivar Development, Volume 1: Theory and Technique", MacMillan Publishing Company, New York; Allard (1960) "Principles of Plant Breeding", John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York).
The development of hybrid cultivars of various plant species depends upon the capability to achieve almost complete cross-pollination between parents. This is most simply achieved by rendering one of the parent lines male-sterile (i.e., with pollen being absent or nonfunctional); for example, by manually removing the one parent's anthers or by providing the one parent with naturally occurring cytoplasmic or nuclear genes that prevent anther and/or pollen development and/or function, using classical breeding techniques (for a review of the genetics of male-sterility in plants, see Kaul (1988) "Male Sterility in Higher Plants", Springer Verlag, New York).
For hybrid plants where the seed is the harvested product (e.g., corn and oilseed rape), it is, in most cases, also necessary to ensure that fertility of the hybrid plants is fully restored. In plants in which the male-sterility is under genetic control, this requires the use of genes that can restore male-fertility. Hence, the development of hybrid cultivars is mainly dependent on the availability of suitable and effective sterility and restorer genes.
Endogenous nuclear loci are known for most plant species that contain genotypes which effect male-sterility, and generally, such loci need to be homozygous for particular recessive alleles in order to result in a male-sterile phenotype. The presence of a dominant male-fertile allele at such loci results in male-fertility.
Recently, it has been shown that male-sterility can be induced in a plant by providing the plant with a nuclear male-sterility genotype that includes a chimaeric male-sterility gene comprising a DNA sequence (or male-sterility DNA) coding, for example, for a cytotoxic product (such as an RNase) and under the control of a promoter which is predominantly active in selected tissue of the plant's male reproductive organs. In this regard, tapetum-specific promoters, such as the promoter of the TA29 gene of Nicotiana tabacum, have been shown to be particularly useful for this purpose (Mariani et al (1990) Nature 347:737; European patent publication ("EP") 0,344,029). By providing the nuclear genome of the plant with such a male-sterility gene, an artificial nuclear male-sterility locus is created containing the artificial male-sterility genotype that results in a male-sterile plant.
In addition, it has been recently shown that male-fertility can be restored to such a nuclear male-sterile plant with a chimaeric fertility-restorer gene comprising another DNA sequence (or fertility-restorer DNA) that codes, for example, for a protein that inhibits the activity of the cytotoxic product or otherwise prevents the cytotoxic product from being active at least in the selected tissue of the plant's male reproductive organs (EP 0,412,911). For example, the barnase gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens codes for an RNase (Barnase) which can be inhibited by a protein (Barstar) that is encoded by the barstar gene of B. amyloliquefaciens. Hence, the barnase gene can be used for the construction of a chimaeric male-sterility gene while the barstar gene can be used for the construction of a chimaeric fertility-restorer gene. Experiments in different plant species (e.g., oilseed rape) have shown that such a chimaeric barstar gene can fully restore the male-fertility of male-sterile lines in which the male-sterility was due to the presence of a chimaeric barnase gene (EP 0,412,911: Mariani et al (1991) Proceedings of the CCIRC Rapeseed Congress, Jul. 9-11, 1991 Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada; Mariani et al (1992) Nature 357:384). By coupling a marker gene, such as a dominant herbicide resistance gene (for example, the bar gene coding for phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) that converts herbicidal phosphinothricin to a non-toxic compound [De Block et al (1987) EMBO J. 6:2513]), to the chimaeric male-sterility and/or fertility restorer gene, breeding systems can be implemented to select for uniform populations of male-sterile plants (EP 0,344,029; EP 0,412,911).
The production of hybrid seed of any particular cultivar of a plant species requires the: 1) maintenance of small quantities of pure seed of each inbred parent; and 2) the preparation of larger quantities of seed of each inbred parent. Such larger quantities of seed would normally be obtained by several (usually two) seed-multiplication rounds, starting from a small quantity of pure seed ("basic seed") and leading, in each multiplication round, to a larger quantity of seed of the inbred parent and finally to a stock of seed of the inbred parent ("parent seed" or "foundation seed") which is of sufficient quantity to be planted to produce the desired quantities of hybrid seed. Of course, in each seed-multiplication round, larger planting areas (fields) are required.
In order to maintain and enlarge a small stock of seeds of male-sterile plants, it has been necessary to cross the parent male-sterile plants with normal pollen-producing parent plants. The offspring of such a cross will, in all cases, be a mixture of male-sterile and male-fertile plants, and the latter have to be removed from the former. With male-sterile plants containing an artificial male-sterility locus as described above, such removal can be facilitated by genetically linking the chimaeric male-sterility gene to a suitable marker gene, such as the bar gene, which allows the easy identification and removal of the male-fertile plants. EP 0,198,288 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,717,219, by comparison, describe methods for linking such marker genes (which can be visible markers or dominant conditional markers) to endogenous nuclear loci containing male-sterility genotypes.
However, even when suitable marker genes are linked to male-sterility genotypes, the maintenance of parent male-sterile plants still requires the removal from the field of a substantial number of plants. For instance, in systems using a herbicide resistance gene (e.g., the bar gene) linked to a chimaeric male-sterility gene, only half of the parent stock will result in male-sterile plants, thus requiring the removal of the male-fertile plants by herbicide spraying prior to flowering. In any given field, the removal of male-fertile plants effectively reduces the potential yield of hybrid seed or the potential yield of male-sterile plants during each round of seed multiplication for producing of parent seed. This is economically unattractive for many important crop species such as corn and oilseed rape. In order to minimize the number of male-fertile plants which have to be removed, male-fertile maintainer plants have been sought which, when crossed with a male-sterile parent plant, produce a minimum, preferably no, male-fertile offspring, thereby minimizing or avoiding altogether the need to remove such male-fertile offspring. To solve an analogous problem, U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,710,511 and 3,861,079 have described procedures for producing and maintaining a homogenous population of male-sterile plants by using specific chromosomal abnormalities that are differentially transmitted to the egg and the sperm in the plants.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In accordance with this invention, a cell of a transgenic plant ("the maintainer plant") is provided, in which the nuclear genome contains stably integrated therein: 1) at a first locus or male-sterility locus, a male-sterility genotype in homozygous condition; and 2) at a second locus or maintainer locus, a maintainer gene in heterozygous condition; the male-sterility locus and the maintainer locus preferably being unlinked; the maintainer gene being a foreign DNA sequence, preferably a foreign chimaeric DNA sequence, containing:
a) a fertility-restorer gene that comprises at least:
i) a fertility-restorer DNA encoding a restorer RNA and/or protein or polypeptide which, when produced or overproduced in some or all of the cells, preferably stamen cells, of the plant, prevents phenotypic expression of the nuclear male-sterility genotype that would render the plant male-sterile in the absence of expression of the fertility-restorer DNA in the some or all stamen cells; and
ii) a restorer promoter capable of directing expression of the fertility-restorer DNA at least in some or all of the cells, preferably stamen cells, of the plant, so that the phenotypic expression of the nuclear male-sterility genotype is prevented, the fertility-restorer DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the restorer promoter and
b) a pollen-lethality gene that is selectively expressed in microspores and/or pollen of the plant to produce nonfunctional pollen and that comprises at least:
iii) a pollen-lethality DNA coding for a pollen-lethality RNA and/or protein or polypeptide that, when produced or overproduced in the microspores and/or pollen, significantly disrupts their metabolism, functioning and/or development; and
iv) a pollen-specific promoter capable of directing expression of the pollen-lethality DNA selectively in the microspores and/or pollen of the plant, the pollen-lethality DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the pollen specific promoter.
The cell of the maintainer plant of this invention preferably also comprises, especially in the maintainer locus, at least one first marker gene which comprises at least:
v) a first marker DNA encoding a first marker RNA and/or protein or polypeptide which, when present at least in a first specific tissue or specific cells of the plant, renders the plant easily separable from other plants which do not contain the first marker RNA, protein or polypeptide encoded by the first marker DNA at least in the first specific tissue or specific cells; and
vi) a first marker promoter capable of directing expression of the first marker DNA at least in the first specific tissue or specific cells, the first marker DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the first marker promoter.
The male-sterility genotype in the cell of the maintainer plant of this invention can be foreign or endogenous but is preferably a foreign, especially chimaeric, male-sterility gene which comprises:
1) a male-sterility DNA encoding a sterility RNA and/or protein or polypeptide which, when produced or overproduced in a stamen cell of the plant in the absence of the restorer RNA, protein or polypeptide, significantly disturbs the metabolism, functioning and/or development of the stamen cell; and
2) a sterility promoter capable of directing expression of the male-sterility DNA selectively in stamen cells of the plant, the male-sterility DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the sterility promoter.
The male-sterility genotype in the maintainer plant cell of this invention preferably comprises, especially in the male-sterility locus, at least one second marker gene which comprises at least:
3) a second marker DNA encoding a second marker RNA and/or protein or polypeptide which, when present at least in the second specific tissue or specific cells of the plant, renders the plant easily separable from other plants which do not contain the second marker RNA, protein or polypeptide encoded by the second marker DNA at least in the second specific tissue or specific cells; and
4) a second marker promoter capable of directing expression of the second marker DNA at least in the second specific tissue or specific cells, the second marker DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the second marker promoter.
Also in accordance with this invention are provided maintainer plants, the seeds of such plants, and plant cell cultures, all of which consist essentially of the cells of this invention.
Further in accordance with this invention are provided the maintainer gene and plasmids containing the maintainer gene, as well as bacterial host cells (e.g., E. coli or Agrobacterium) containing such plasmids.
Still further in accordance with this invention is provided a process for producing, preferably enlarging, a homogeneous population of male-sterile plants and their seed that contain a nuclear male-sterility gene in homozygous condition, the process comprising the step of crossing the male-sterile plants with the maintainer plants of this invention. The seed from the resulting male-sterile plants can be harvested and grown into the male-sterile plants. Hybrid seed can then be produced by crossing the male-sterile plants with male-fertile plants of another inbred parent line used as pollinators.
Yet further in accordance with this invention is provided a process for producing, preferably enlarging, a population of the maintainer plants, comprising the step of selfing the maintainer plants.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE TABLE
Table 1 describes a ten step procedure to obtain corn (e.g., H99) maintainer plants according to the present invention.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
A male-sterile plant of this invention is a plant of a given species with a nuclear male-sterility genotype.
A restorer plant of this invention is a plant of the same plant species containing, within its nuclear genome, a fertility-restorer gene that is able to restore the male-fertility in offspring which are obtained from a cross between the male-sterile plant and the restorer plant and which contain both the male-sterility genotype and the fertility-restorer gene.
A restored plant of this invention is a plant of the same species that is male-fertile and that contains, within its nuclear genome, the male-sterility genotype and the fertility-restorer gene.
A parent plant or parent of this invention is a plant that can be used for the production of hybrid seed. The female or seed parent plant is the parent from which the hybrid seed is harvested. For the purposes of this invention, the female parent will always be a male-sterile plant. The male or pollen parent is the parent that is used to fertilize the female parent. In many cases, the male parent will also be a restorer plant.
A line is the progeny of a given individual plant.
The male-sterility genotype of this invention is the genotype of at least one locus, preferably only one locus, in the nuclear genome of a plant (i.e., the male-sterility locus), the allelic composition of which can result in male-sterility in the plant. A male-sterility genotype can be endogenous to the plant, but it is generally preferred that it be foreign to the plant. Preferred foreign male-sterility genotypes are those in which the allele responsible for male-sterility contains a foreign male-sterility gene that comprises:
1) a male-sterility DNA encoding a sterility RNA and/or protein or polypeptide which, when produced or overproduced in a stamen cell of the plant, significantly disturbs the metabolism, functioning and/or development of the stamen cell; and
2) a sterility promoter capable of directing expression of the male-sterility DNA selectively in stamen cells of the plant, the male-sterility DNA being in the same transcriptional unit as, and under the control of, the sterility promoter.
Such a male-sterility gene is always a dominant allele at a foreign male-sterility locus. The recessive allele corresponds to the absence of the male-sterility gene in the nuclear genome of the plant.
Preferred foreign male-sterility DNAs and sterility promoters that can be used in the male-sterility genes in female parent plants and maintainer plants of this invention have been described in EP 0,344,029. A particularly useful male-sterility DNA codes for Barnase (Hartley (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 202:913). Particularly useful sterility promoters are tapetum-specific promoters such as the promoter of the TA29 gene of Nicotiana tabacum (EP 0,344,029) which can be used in tobacco, oilseed rape, lettuce, chicory, corn and other plant species; the PT72, the PT42 and PE1 promoters from rice, the sequences of which are given in SEQ ID no. 7, SEQ ID no. 8, and SEQ ID no. 9, respectively, in the Sequence Listing and which can be used in rice and other plant species (PCT application PCT/EP 92/00274); and the PCA55 promoter from corn, the sequence of which is given in SEQ ID No. 10, which can be used in corn and other plant species (PCT application PCT/EP 92/00275).
A preferred endogenous male-sterility genotype is one in which a recessive allele ("m") in homozygous condition (m/m) at a male-sterility locus produces male-sterility. At a male-sterility locus, male-fertility would otherwise be encoded by a corresponding dominant allele ("M"). Such a male-sterility genotype is known in many plant species (see Kaul (1988) supra; and 1992 issues of Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter, published by the Department of Agronomy and U.S. Department of Agriculture, University Of Missouri, Columbia, Mo., U.S.A.). The DNA sequences in the nuclear genome of a plant corresponding to m and M alleles can be identified by gene tagging, i.e., by insertional mutagenesis using transposons, or by means of T-DNA integration (see, e.g., Wienand and Saedler (1987) In "Plant DNA Infectious Agents", Ed. by T. H. Hohn and J. Schell, Springer Verlag, New York, p. 205; Shepherd (1988) In "Plant Molecular Biology: a Practical Approach", IRL Press, p. 187; and Teeri et al (1986) EMBO J. 5:1755).
Fertility-restorer DNAs and restorer promoters that can be used in the maintainer genes of this invention with a foreign male-sterility genotype have been described in EP 0,412,911. In this regard, fertility-restorer genes in which the fertility-restorer DNA encodes Barstar (Hartley (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 202:913) and is under control of tapetum-specific promoters, such as those described above as sterility promoters, are of particular use. In particular, it is believed that a fertility-restorer DNA coding for a mutant of Barstar, in which the cysteine residue at its position 40 is replaced by serine (Hartley (1989) TIBS 14:450), functions better in restoring the fertility in the restored plants of some species.
When an endogenous male-sterility genotype is homozygous for a recessive allele m, it is preferred that the fertility-restorer gene be the dominant allele M of that male-sterility genotype, preferably under the control of its own promoter. The DNA corresponding to such a dominant allele, including its natural promoter, can be isolated from the nuclear genome of the plant by means of gene tagging, as described above.
The pollen-lethality DNAs that are used in the pollen-lethality genes of this invention preferably encode an RNA and/or a protein or polypeptide that, when expressed in microspores or pollen, significantly disrupts their metabolism, functioning and/or development. In this regard, the pollen-lethality DNAs can encode RNAs, proteins or polypeptides such as those are encoded by the male-sterility DNAs described in EP 0,344,029. Of particular interest are male-sterility DNAs that encode ribonucleases (EP 0,344,029) such as RNase T1 from Asperqillus oryzae (Quaas et al (1988) Eur. J. Biochem. 173:617) or Barnase from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Hartley (1988) J.Mol.Biol. 202:913).
So that the pollen-lethality DNA is expressed selectively in microspores or pollen of the maintainer plant, it is preferred that the pollen-specific promoter, which controls the pollen-lethality DNA in the pollen-lethality gene, be a promoter capable of directing gene expression selectively in the microspores and/or pollen of the plant. Such a pollen-specific promoter can be an endogeneous promoter or a foreign promoter and can be from the nuclear genome or from the mitochondrial or chloroplast genome of a plant cell. But in any event, the pollen-specific promoter is foreign in the nuclear genome of the plant being transformed. Preferably the pollen-specific promoter causes the pollen-lethality DNA to be expressed only in the microspores and/or pollen, i.e., after meiosis of the microsporocytes in the anthers. The pollen-specific promoter can be selected and isolated in a well known manner from a plant species, preferably the plant species to be rendered male-sterile, so that the pollen-specific promoter directs expression of the pollen-lethality DNA selectively in the microspores and/or pollen so as to kill or disable the microspores and/or pollen in which the pollen-lethality gene is expressed. The pollen-specific promoter is preferably also selected and isolated so that it is effective in preventing expression of the pollen-lethality DNA in other tissues of the plant. For example, a suitable endogeneous pollen-specific promoter can be identified and isolated in a plant, to be rendered male-sterile, by
1. searching for an mRNA which is only present in the plant during the development of its microspores and/or pollen;
2. optionally isolating the microspore- and/or pollen-specific mRNA;
3. preparing and isolating a cDNA from the microspore- and/or pollen-specific mRNA;
4. using this cDNA as a probe to identify regions in the plant genome which contain DNA coding for the corresponding microspore- and/or pollen-specific DNA or alternatively using inverse polymerase chain reactions for the geometric amplification of the DNA sequences which flank, upstream and downstream, a chosen core region of the genomic DNA corresponding to the sequence of the microspore- and/or pollen-specific cDNA; and
5. identifying the portion of the plant genome that is upstream (i.e., 5') from the DNA coding for the microspore- and/or pollen-specific mRNA and that contains the promoter of this DNA.
Examples of such pollen-specific promoters are well known (see, MacCormick (1991) TIG 7:298). In this regard, Hamilton et al (1989) Sex. Plant Reprod. 2:208 describes a pollen-specific clone ("Zmg13") from maize inbred line W-22, and the use of the promoter sequences of the clone to direct pollen-specific expression in tobacco has been described by Guerrero et al (1990) Mol. Gen, Genet. 224:161). Other pollen-specific promoters that are likewise believed to be useful are the promoter of the gene corresponding to the Nicotiana tabacum pollen-specific cDNA NTPc303 described by Weterings et al (1992) Plant Mol. Biol. 18:1101; and the promoter of the gene corresponding to the Brassica napus pollen-specific cDNA B54 described by Shen and Hsu (1992) Mol. Gen. Genet. 234:379.
If the fertility-restorer DNA in the fertility-restorer gene of the maintainer gene is also expressed in microspores and/or pollen at the same time as the pollen-lethality DNA is expressed (due, for instance, to the activity of the restorer promoter in microspores and/or pollen), it is preferred that the pollen-lethality DNA be different from the male-sterility DNA (the expression of which is intended to be prevented by expression of the fertility-restorer DNA of the maintainer gene). For example, if the male-sterility DNA encodes Barnase in the male-sterile plants to be maintained, the fertility-restorer DNA in the maintainer gene should encode Barstar. Thus, if the restorer promoter in the maintainer gene also directs expression of the fertility-restorer DNA in microspores and/or pollen and at the same time as the pollen-lethality DNA is expressed, the pollen-lethality DNA preferably should not encode Barnase but rather, for example, another RNAse such as RNAse T1.
First and second marker DNAs and first and second marker promoters that can be used in the first and second marker genes of this invention are also well known (EP 0,344,029; EP 0,412,911). In this regard, it is preferred that the first and second marker DNAs be different, although the first and second marker promoters may be the same.
The fertility-restorer gene, the male-sterility gene, the pollen-lethality gene, and the first and second marker genes in accordance with this invention are generally foreign DNA sequences, preferably foreign chimaeric DNA sequences. Such foreign DNA sequences are preferably provided with suitable 3' transcription regulation sequences and polyadenylation signals, downstream (i.e., 3') from their respective fertility-restorer DNA, male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, and first and second marker DNAs. In this regard, either foreign or endogenous, transcription termination and polyadenylation signals suitable for obtaining expression of such DNA sequences can be used. For example, the foreign 3' untranslated ends of genes, such as gene 7 (Velten and Schell (1985) Nucl. Acids Res. 12:6998), the octopine synthase gene (De Greve et al (1982) J.Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:499; Gielen et al (1983) EMBO J. 3:835; and Ingelbrecht et al (1989) The Plant Cell 1:671), the nopaline synthase gene of the T-DNA region of Agrobacterium tumefaciens Ti-plasmid (De Picker et al (1982) J.Mol. Appl. Genet. 1:561), the chalcone synthase gene (Sommer and Saedler (1986) Mol. Gen. Genet. 202: 429-434), and the CaMV 19S/35S transcription unit (Mogen et al (1990) The Plant Cell 2:1261-1272), can be used.
By "foreign" with regard to a gene or genotype of this invention is meant that the gene or genotype contains a foreign DNA sequence such as a male-sterility DNA, a fertility-restorer DNA, a pollen-lethality DNA, or a marker DNA and/or a foreign promoter such as a sterility promoter, a restorer promoter, a pollen-specific promoter or a marker promoter. By "foreign" with regard to any DNA sequence, such as a coding sequence or a promoter, in a gene or genotype of this invention is meant that such a DNA is not in the same genomic environment in a plant cell, transformed with such a DNA in accordance with this invention, as is such a DNA when it is naturally found in the cell of the plant, bacteria, animal, fungus, virus or the like, from which such a DNA originates. This means, for example, that a foreign fertility-restorer DNA, male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, or marker DNA can be: 1) a nuclear DNA in a plant of origin; 2) endogenous to the transformed plant cell (i.e., from a plant of origin with the same genotype as the plant being transformed); and 3) within the same transcriptional unit as its own endogenous promoter and 3' end transcription regulation signals (from the plant of origin) in the foreign gene or genotype in the transformed plant cell; but 4) inserted in a different place in the nuclear genome of the transformed plant cell than it was in the plant of origin so that it is not surrounded in the transformed plant cell by the genes which surrounded it naturally in the plant of origin. Likewise, a foreign fertility-restorer DNA, male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, or marker DNA can also, for example, be: 1) a nuclear DNA in a plant of origin; and 2) endogenous to the transformed plant cell; but 3) in the same transcriptional unit as a different (i.e., not its own) endogenous promoter and/or 3' end transcription regulation signals in a foreign chimaeric gene or genotype of this invention in a transformed plant cell. A foreign fertility-restorer DNA, male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, or marker DNA can also, for example, be: 1) a nuclear DNA in a plant of origin; and 2) endogenous to the transformed plant cell; but 3) in the same transcriptional unit as a heterologous promoter and/or 3' end transcription regulation signals in a foreign chimaeric gene or genotype of this invention in a transformed plant cell. A foreign fertility-restorer DNA, a male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, or marker DNA can also, for example, be heterologous to the transformed plant cell and in the same transcriptional unit as an endogenous promoter and/or 3' transcription regulation signals (e.g., from the nuclear genome of a plant with the same genotype as the plant being transformed) in a foreign chimaeric DNA sequence of this invention in a transformed plant cell. Preferably, each fertility-restorer DNA, male-sterility DNA, pollen-lethality DNA, and marker DNA of this invention is heterologous to the plant cell being transformed.
By "heterologous" with regard to a DNA, such as a fertility-restorer DNA, a male-sterility DNA, a pollen-lethality DNA, a marker DNA, a fertility-restorer promoter, a sterility promoter, a pollen-specific promoter or a marker promoter or any other DNA sequence in a gene or a genotype of this invention is meant that such a DNA is not naturally found in the nuclear genome of cells of a plant with the same genotype as the plant being transformed. Examples of heterologous DNAs include chloroplast and mitochondrial DNAs obtained from a plant with the same genotype as the plant being transformed, but preferred examples are chloroplast, mitochondrial, and nuclear DNAs from plants having a different genotype than the plant being transformed, DNAs from animal and bacterial genomes, and chromosomal and plasmidial DNAs from fungal, bacterial and viral genomes.
By "chimaeric" with regard to a foreign DNA sequence of this invention is meant that at least one of its coding sequences : 1) is not naturally found under the control of the promoter present in the foreign DNA sequence; and/or 2) is not naturally found in the same genetic locus as at least one of its associated marker DNAs. Examples of foreign chimaeric DNA sequences of this invention comprise a pollen-lethality DNA of bacterial origin under the control of a pollen-specific promoter of plant origin; and a pollen-lethality DNA of plant origin under the control of a pollen-specific promoter of plant origin and in the same genetic locus as a marker DNA of bacterial origin.
By "endogenous" with respect to a gene or genotype of this invention is meant that it is not foreign.
The foreign genes and genotypes of this invention, such as the male-sterility gene and genotype, the fertility-restorer gene and the pollen-lethality gene, can be described like any other genotype: capital letters denote the presence of the foreign genes and genotypes (the dominant allele) while small letters denote their absence (the recessive allele). Hence, in this description of the invention, "S" and "s" will denote the respective presence and absence of the male-sterility gene, "R" and "r" will denote the respective presence and absence of the fertility-restorer gene, and "P" and "p" will denote the respective presence and absence of the maintainer gene.
For an endogeneous male-sterility genotype of this invention, "m" will denote the recessive allele, and "M" will denote the dominant allele. Thus, the recessive allele m in homozygous condition (m/m) at a male-sterility locus would result in male-sterility, and the dominant allele M, when present at a male-sterility locus either in homozygous or heterozygous condition, results in male-fertility.
The cell of a plant, particularly a plant capable of being infected with Agrobacterium such as most dicotyledonous plants (e.g., Brassica napus), can be transformed using a vector that is a disarmed Ti-plasmid containing the male-sterility gene and/or the fertility-restorer gene and/or the pollen-lethality gene and/or the maintainer gene and/or the marker gene(s) of this invention and carried by Agrobacterium. This transformation can be carried out using the procedures described, for example, in EP 0,116,718 and EP 0,270,822. Preferred Ti-plasmid vectors contain a foreign DNA sequence of this invention between the border sequences, or at least located to the left of the right border sequence, of the T-DNA of the Ti-plasmid. Of course, other types of vectors can be used to transform the plant cell, using procedures such as direct gene transfer (as described, for example, in EP 0, 233,247), pollen mediated transformation (as described, for example, in EP 0,270,356, PCT publication WO 85/01856, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,684,611), plant RNA virus-mediated transformation (as described, for example, in EP 0,067,553 and U.S. Pat. No. 4,407,956) and liposome-mediated transformation (as described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,536,475). Cells of monocotyledonous plants, such as the major cereals including corn, rice, wheat, barley and rye, can be transformed as described in PCT application PCT/EP 91/02198. In case the plant to be transformed is corn, other recently developed methods can also be used such as, for example, the methods described for certain lines of corn by Fromm et al (1990) Bio/Technology 8:833, Gordon-Kamm et al (1990) Bio/Technology 2:603 and Gould et al (1991) Plant Physiol. 95:426. In case the plant to be transformed is rice, recently developed methods can also be used such as, for example, the method described for certain lines of rice by Shimamoto et al (1989) Nature 338:274; Datta et al (1990) Bio/Technology 8:736; and Hayashimoto et al (1990) Plant Physiol. 93:857.
The so-transformed cell can be regenerated into a mature plant, and the resulting transformed plant can be used in a conventional breeding scheme to produce more transformed plants with the same characteristics or to introduce the male-sterility gene, the fertility-restorer gene, the pollen-lethality gene, the marker genes and/or the maintainer gene of this invention in other varieties of the same or related plant species. Seeds obtained from such plants contain the gene(s) of this invention as a stable genomic insert.
The maintainer plant of this invention is of the same species as a male-sterile plant line and can be used for the maintenance of the male-sterile line, i.e., to maintain a homogeneous population of male-sterile plants and a stock of pure seed of the female parent. The maintainer plant of this invention is itself a plant in which male-fertility has been restored and the genome of which contains both a male-sterility genotype and, in the maintainer locus, a fertility-restorer gene of this invention.
If a plant line with a homozygous male-sterility genotype (A.sup.m/m or A.sup.S/S) is available, a maintainer plant for the male-sterile line can be directly obtained by transforming a male-sterile plant of the line with the maintainer gene of this invention and then selecting those transgenic plants which are male-fertility restored plants and in which the maintainer gene is stably integrated in the nuclear genome so that the genetic locus of the male-sterility genotype and of the maintainer gene are unlinked and segregate independently.
If the male-sterility genotype is foreign to the plant line, alternative strategies can be followed. For example, the maintainer plant of the present invention can be obtained by transforming a plant cell of the plant line (A) with the maintainer gene of this invention (P); and then regenerating, from the so-transformed plant cell, a transgenic plant containing, stably integrated in its genome, the maintainer gene. Such a transgenic plant (A.sup.P/p) can then be crossed as a female parent with a plant A.sup.S/s,R/r of the same line, which contains at separate loci in its genome a male-sterility gene (S) and a corresponding fertility-restorer gene (R), both in heterozygous condition, but which lacks the maintainer gene. Thus, the cross is in fact: A.sup.S/s,R/r,P/p (male).times.A.sup.s/s,r/r/P/p (female), and the offspring with the genotype A.sup.S/s,r/r/P/p (or hereinafter "A.sup.S/s,P/p " for convenience) are selected and selfed. One eighth of the offspring that have the desired genotype (A.sup.S/S,P/p) for a maintainer plant of this invention can then be selected. Another eighth of the offspring with the genotype (A.sup.S/S,p/p) can be used as male-sterile plants to be maintained.
Isolation of plants with desired genotypes can be achieved by means of conventional testcrosses (see, e.g., Fehr (1987) supra), preferably supplemented by detection of the presence of specific genes at the DNA level, e.g., by means of amplification of DNA fragments by the polymerase chain reaction, by Southern blot analysis and/or by phenotypic analysis for the presence and expression of first or second marker genes of this invention.
The cross of a male-sterile plant containing a male-sterility genotype in homozygous condition (A.sup.S/S or A.sup.m/m) with a maintainer plant of this invention (A.sup.S/S,P/p or A.sup.m/m,P/p, respectively) results in a population of seeds that all contain the male-sterility genotype in homozygous condition (A.sup.S/S or A.sup.m/m, respectively) because the maintainer gene is not transmitted through the pollen. This property can be used to advantage in maintaining the basic seed and in the multiplication of basic seed for the final production of parent seed.
The maintainer plants of this invention (A.sup.S/S,P/p or A.sup.m/m,P/p) can themselves be maintained by selfing. The offspring of such selfing will consist of 50% male-fertile maintainer plants (A.sup.S/S,P/p or A.sup.m/m,P/p, respectively) and 50% male-sterile plants containing the male-sterility genotype in homozygous condition (A.sup.S/S or A.sup.m/m, respectively ). If desired, the male-sterile plants can be removed either manually on the basis of the male-sterile phenotype or, if the maintainer gene comprises a suitable first marker gene, preferably a first marker gene whose expression confers herbicide resistance to the plant, by using the phenotypic expression of the first marker gene (e.g, by applying herbicide to the offspring so that male-sterile plants that lack the herbicide-resistance gene are killed while maintainer plants with the herbicide-resistance gene survive).
Thus, the maintainer plant of this invention can be easily used to maintain a homogeneous population of male-sterile plants. In this regard, basic seed of a female parent of a given plant species can be crossed with an appropriate male parent to produce hybrid seed. Also, the maintainer plant of this invention can be used economically to multiply the basic seed of a female parent of a given plant species, so as to obtain sufficient quantities of female parent seed that can be crossed with an appropriate male parent to produce desired quantities of hybrid seed.
A male-sterile line, that is maintained and multiplied by the use of the maintainer plants of this invention, can be used for the production of hybrid seed. In principle, the male-sterile line (A.sup.S/S) can be crossed directly with another male parent line (B.sup.s/s) to produce hybrid seed (AB.sup.S/s). However, since all hybrid plants are male-sterile, no reproduction and no seed set will occur. This is not a problem if the seed is not the harvested product (e.g., with lettuce), but where seed is the harvested product (e.g., with corn and oilseed rape), male-fertility in the hybrid plants should be at least partially restored. This can be accomplished by crossing the male-sterile line with a male-fertile parent line (e.g., B.sup.R/R) that is also a restorer line, i.e., that also contains a fertility-restorer gene (R). The hybrids produced (AB.sup.S/s,R/r) will be fully male-fertile. Alternatively the male-sterile-line (A.sup.S/S) can first be crossed with the male-fertile line (A.sup.s/s) just prior to hybrid seed production. This has the advantage of giving a further multiplication of the female parent line. The offspring (A.sup.S/s) can then be crossed with a suitable male-fertile parent line (B.sup.s/s,r/r) to produce hybrid seed that is 50% male-fertile. If hybrid seed with 100% male fertility is desired, the offspring can be crossed with a suitable restorer male parent line (B.sup.s/s,R/R).
In the case of a male-sterile line in which male-sterility is due to an endogeneous male-sterility genotype (A.sup.m/m) at a male-sterility locus, hybrid seed can easily be produced by crossing the male-sterile line (A.sup.m/m) with a line that is homozygous with respect to the endogenous dominant (male-fertility) allele at that male-sterility locus (B.sup.M/M). All hybrid offspring of this cross will have the genotype AB.sup.M/m and will be fertile.
The maintainer plants of this invention can also be used as pollinator (i.e., male-fertile) plants in a cross with wild-type plants (A.sup.s/s,p/p) of the same inbred line. The progeny of this cross will all be male-sterile and heterozygous for the male-sterility genotype (A.sup.S/s,p/p). The progeny can therefore be used directly for hybrid seed production by crossing with a pollinator plant line B (B.sup.s/s,p/p). This scheme only requires a male-sterilization of the wild-type plants, for example by manually removing the anthers (e.g., in corn) or by using a male gametocide.
Of course, by using the maintainer plants of this invention to maintain a homogeneous population of plants that are homozygous with respect to a male-sterility allele (whether dominant or recessive) that is encoded in the nuclear genome, the maintainer plants acquire many of the characteristics of plants of a cytoplasmic male-sterile line. However, such plants do not have one of the major disadvantages of cytoplasmic male-sterile plants, namely the cytoplasmic uniformity of the various male-sterile lines which, in corn, has led to serious problems (see Craig (1977) In "Corn and Corn Improvement", G. F. Sprague, ed., American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Publisher, p. 671).
Thus, the maintainer gene of this invention, when introduced into a particular line of a plant species, can always be introduced into any other line by backcrossing, but since the maintainer gene can only be transmitted through an egg, it will always be associated with the cytoplasm of the line in which it was initially introduced. However, since a maintainer plant line is only used for maintenance of a male-sterile line and not as a female parent for hybrid seed production, the hybrid seed will always contain the cytoplasm of the female parent, as desired.
The following Examples illustrate this invention. Unless otherwise indicated, all experimental procedures for manipulating recombinant DNA were carried out by the standardized procedures described in Sambrook et al (1989) "Molecular Cloning: A Laboratory Manual, Second Edition", Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, New York U.S.A. All polymerase chain reactions ("PCR") were performed under conventional conditions, using the Vent.TM. polymerase (Cat. No. 254L - Biolabs New England, Beverley, Mass. 01915, U.S.A.) isolated from Thermococcus litoralis (Neuner et al (1990) Arch. Microbiol. 153:205-207). Oligonucleotides were designed by the methods described by Kramer and Fritz (1968) Methods in Enzymology 154:350 and synthesized by the phosphoramidite method (Beaucage and Caruthers (1981) Tetrahedron Letters 22:1859) on an applied Biosystems 380A DNA synthesizer (Applied Biosystems B.V., Maarssen, Netherlands).
The following bacterial strains and plasmids, used in the Examples, are available from the Deutsche Sammlung fur Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen ("DSM"), Mascheroder Weg 1B, Braunschweig, Germany:
______________________________________Bacterial strain plasmid DSM No Date of Deposit______________________________________E. coli WK6 pMa5-8 DSM 4567 May 3, 1968 E. coli WK6 pMc5-8 DSM 4566 May 3, 1988______________________________________
In the Examples, reference will be made to the following Sequence Listing:
______________________________________Sequence Listing______________________________________SEQ ID no. 1 genomic DNA comprising the promoter of the Zm13 gene from Zea mays SEQ ID no. 2 sequence of plasmid "pVE144" SEQ ID no. 3 sequence of plasmid "pVE108" SEQ ID no. 4 sequence of oligonucleotide "MDB80" SEQ ID no. 5 sequence of oligonucleotide "MDB81" SEQ ID no. 6 sequence of oligonucleotide "MDB82" SEQ ID No. 7 genomic DNA comprising the anther specific promoter "PT72" from rice SEQ ID No. 8 genomic DNA comprising the anther specific promoter "PT42" from rice SEQ ID No. 9 genomic DNA comprising the anther specific promoter "PE1" from rice SEQ ID No. 10 genomic DNA comprising the anther specific promoter "PCA55" from corn SEQ ID No. 11 Oligonucleotide Zm13OLI2 SEQ ID No. 12 Oligonucleotide Zm13OLI1 SEQ ID No. 13 Oligonucleotide Zm13OLI5 SEQ ID No. 14 Oligonucleotide BXOL2 SEQ ID No. 15 Oligonucleotide TA29SBXOL2 SEQ ID No. 16 Oligonucleotide PTA29OL5 SEQ ID No. 17 EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pTS218 carrying the maintainer gene.______________________________________

EXAMPLES
Example 1
Isolation of the Pollen-specific Promoter of the Zm13 Gene from Maize
A pollen-specific cDNA from Zea mays inbred line W-22, designated as "Zmc13", has been isolated and characterized by Hanson et al (1989) The Plant Cell 1:173. The corresponding genomic clone, designated as "Zmg13", containing substantial portions of the 5' flanking region has been isolated and characterized by Hamilton et al (1989) Sex. Plant Reprod. 2:208 (see also Hamilton et al (1992) Plant Mol. Biol. 18:211). The complete sequence of Zmg13 is shown in SEQ ID no. 1, and its promoter region will hereinafter be referred to as the "Zmg13 promoter".
A corresponding promoter region from corn inbred line H99 was isolated as follows. Genomic DNA of inbred line H99 was prepared as described by Dellaporta et al (1983) Plant Mol. Biol. Reports 1:19-21. Using the genome as a substrate, a 1471 bp fragment was amplified by PCR using the oligonucleotides MDB80 and MDB82, the sequences of which are shown in SEQ ID no. 4 and SEQ ID no. 6, respectively. MDB80 corresponds to nucleotides 8 to 28 of Zmg13, while MDB82 is complementary to nucleotides 1458 to 1478 of Zmg13. Then, the purified amplified 1471 bp fragment was used as a substrate for the amplification by PCR of a 1422 bp fragment, using the oligonucleotides MDB80 and MDB81. MDB81 is complementary to nucleotides 1409 to 1429 of Zmg13, and its sequence is shown in SEQ ID no. 5. By using MDB81, a NcoI site is created in the amplified 1422 bp fragment at the ATG translation initiation codon.
The 1422 bp fragment is then ligated in an SmaI site of pGEM2 (Promega Corporation, Madison, Wis. 53711, U.S.A.), yielding plasmid pMDB13, and the fragment is sequenced (Maxam and Gilbert (1980) Meth. Enzymol. 65:499). The pollen-specific promoter of the Zm13 gene of corn inbred line H99 is obtained from pMDB13 as a EcoRV-NcoI fragment.
The Zm13 promoter is also cloned as follows. Genomic DNA of Zea mays line H99 is prepared as described above. Using the genomic DNA as a substrate, the following two fragments are amplified by means of PCR: 1) a 875 bp fragment is amplified using the oligonucleotides MDB80 (SEQ ID No. 4) and ZM13OLI2 (which is complementary to nucleotides 859 to 882 of Zmg13 and which sequence is given in SEQ ID No. 11); and 2) a 661 bp fragment is amplified using the oligonucleotides Zm13OLI1 (which corresponds to nucleotides 767 to 791 of Zmg13 and which sequence is given in SEQ ID No. 12) and Zm13OLI5 (which is partially complementary to nucleotides 1397 to 1423 of Zmg13 and which sequence is given in SEQ ID No. 13). The 875 bp fragment, corresponding to the upstream region of the Zm13 promoter, is cloned into the SmaI site of pGEM2, yielding plasmid pTS204. The 661 bp fragment, corresponding to the downstream region of the Zm13 promoter, is digested with NcoI and cloned into plasmid pJB66 (Botterman and Zabeau (1987) DNA 6:583) digested with EcoRV and NcoI, yielding plasmid pTS203. Both fragments partly overlap and share a BstXI site in the region of overlap. Ligation of the 567 bp EcoRV-BstXI fragment of pTS204 and the 638 bp BstXI-NcoI fragment of pTS203 results in a 1205 bp fragment corresponding to the Zm13 promoter. This 1205 bp fragment, as cloned from line H99, is sequenced, and its sequence is found to be identical to the corresponding fragment of Zmg13 from line W-22 as given in SEQ ID No.1 except at position 276 (G in W-22 is T in H99), 410 (G in) W-22 is A in H99), and 1205-1206 (GC in W-22 is GGC in H99, thus corresponding to a 1 nucleotide insertion), numberings being as in SEQ ID No. 1.
Example 2
Construction of Plant Transformation Vectors Comprising a Maintainer Gene that Contain DNA Encoding Barstar Under the Control of the TA29 Promoter and DNA Encoding Barnase Under the Control of the Zm13 Promoter
The 1205 bp EcoRV-NcoI fragment of pMDB13 is ligated to the large EcoRI-SmaI fragment of plasmid pVE144 and to the 739 bp EcoRI-NcoI fragment of pVE108, yielding plasmid pGSJVR1. Plasmid pVE144, the sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID no. 2, is a plasmid derived from plasmid pUC18 (Yanisch-Perron et al (1985) Gene 33:103) and containing DNA encoding neomycin phosphotranferase (neo) under the control of the 35S3 promoter (EP 0,359,617) from Cauliflower Mosaic Virus isolate CabbB-JI (Hull and Howell (1978) Virology 86:482) and DNA encoding the Barstar (Hartley (1988) J. Mol. Biol. 202:913) under the control of the tapetum-specific promoter of the TA29 gene of Nicotiana tabacum (EP 0,344,029; Seurinck et al (1990) Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3403). Plasmid pVE108, the sequence of which is shown in SEQ ID no. 3, is a plasmid derived from pUC18 and containing DNA encoding phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) (EP 0,242,236) under the control of the 35S3 promoter and DNA encoding Barnase (Hartley (1980) supra) under the control of the TA29 promoter. The resulting plasmid, pGSJVR1 (which is subsequently renamed "pTS210"), is a pUC18-derived plasmid that contains a maintainer gene of this invention comprising: DNA encoding Barnase as the pollen-lethality DNA, the Zm13 promoter as the pollen-specific promoter, DNA encoding Barstar as the fertility-restorer DNA, the TA29 promoter as the restorer promoter, neo as the first marker DNA and the 35S3 promoter as the first marker promoter.
pTS210 is also obtained as follows. The 0.9 kb BstXI-SacI fragment of pTS204 is ligated to the large BstXI-SacI fragment of pTS203, yielding plasmid pTS206. The 1.47 BglII-NcoI kb fragment of pTS206 is then ligated to the large NcoI-BglII fragment of pVE108, yielding plasmid pTS207. Finally, the 1.9 kb EcoRV-Eco-RI fragment of pTS207 is ligated to the large Eco-RI-SmaI fragment of pVE144, yielding plasmid pTS210.
A plasmid pTS218, which differs from pTS210 by carrying the bar gene as a selectable marker gene, is also obtained as follows:
a 255 bp DNA fragment, designated as bxx and carrying the translation initiation site of the PTA29-barstar gene, is obtained by PCR using pVE144 as a template and oligonucleotides BXOL2 (SEQ ID No. 14) and TA29SBXOL2 (SEQ ID No. 15) as primers.
a 492 bp DNA fragment is prepared by PCR using pVE108 and bxx as a template and oligonucleotides PTA29OL5 (SEQ ID No. 16) and BXOL2 as primers. This 492 bp fragment is digested with AsnI and BspEI, and a 274 bp fragment is purified on gel and ligated to the 6.28 kb fragment of pVE144 which was digested with BspEI and partially digested with AsnI. The resulting plasmid is designated as pVEK144 and carries the PTA29-barstar-3'nos chimeric gene with an optimized translational initiation context.
pVEK144 is digested with MunI and HindIII, and the 3.7 kbp fragment is isolated and ligated to the 1.7 kbp MunI-HindIII fragment of pVE180, yielding plasmid pVEB144 which carries the PTA29-barstar-3'nos and the P35S-bar-3'nos chimeric genes.
the EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pVEB144, containing the two chimeric genes, is ligated to the large EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pUCNew2, yielding plasmid pVEC144. pUCNew2 is derived from pUC19 as described in WO 92/13956.
finally, the large EcoRI-SmaI fragment of pVEC144 is ligated to the 1.9 bp EcoRV-EcoRI fragment of pTS207, yielding plasmid pTS218.
Plasmid pTS218 carries three chimeric genes, i.e., PTA29-barstar-3'nos (with optimized translational initiation context), P35S-bar-3'nos, and PZM13-barnase-3'nos. The EcoRI-HindIII fragment of pTS218 carrying these three chimeric genes is presented in the sequence listing as SEQ ID No. 17.
All steps of vector construction involving fragments of the barnase DNA, such as pVE108, pVE144, and pTS210, are carried out in E. coli strain MC1061 containing the cointegrate plasmid R702::pMc5BS which is obtained as follows. Plasmid pMc5BS, containing the barstar gene (encoding an inhibitor of barnase) under the control of the tac promoter (De Boer et al (1983) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 80:21), is constructed by: cloning the EcoRI-HindIII fragment of plasmid pMT416 (Hartley (1988) supra) into the EcoRI and HindIII sites of plasmid pMc5-8 (DSM 4566); and then deleting the sequence starting with the initiation codon of the phoA signal sequence and ending with the last nucleotide before the translation initiation codon of the barstar-coding region by means of a looping-out mutagenesis procedure as generally described by Sollazo et al (1985) Gene 37:199.
Plasmid R702 is from Proteus mirabilis and can replicate in E. coli (Villarroel et al (1983) Mol. Gen. Genet. 189:390). Plasmid R702::pMc5BS is obtained by cointegration through illegitimate recombination between pMc5BS and R702, mediated by transposable elements present on R702 (Leemans (1982) "Technieken voor het gebruik van Ti-plasmieden van Agrobacterium tumefaciens als vectoren voor de genetic engineering van planten", Ph.D. Thesis Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium) and checked for induced expression of Barstar.
The use of E. coli, (R702::pMc5BS) allows the construction, maintenance, amplification, and purification of plasmids containing the barnase DNA, such as pGSJVR1, without any lethal effect on the host due to accidental expression of the barnase DNA. However, because the Zm13 promoter is not expressed in E. coli, all steps of vector construction involving this promoter are also carried out in E. coli strain MC1061.
Example 3
Transformation of Corn with the Maintainer Gene of Example 2
Zygotic immature embryos of about 0.5 to 1 mm are isolated from developing seeds of corn inbred line H99. The freshly isolated embryos are enzymatically treated for 1-2 minutes with an enzyme solution II (0.3% macerozyme (Kinki Yakult, Nishinomiya, Japan) in CPW salts (Powell & Chapman (1985) "Plant Cell Culture, A Practical Approach", R. A. Dixon ed., Chapter 3) with 10% mannitol and 5 mM 2-[N-Morpholino] ethane sulfonic acid (MES), pH 5.6). After 1-2 minutes incubation in this enzyme solution, the embryos are carefully washed with N6aph solution (macro- and micro-elements of N6 medium (Chu et al (1975) Sci. Sin. Peking 18:659) supplemented with 6 mM asparagine, 12 mM proline, 1 mg/l thiamine-HCl, 0.5 mg/l nicotinic acid, 100 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 100 mg/l inositol, 30 g/l sucrose and 54 g/l mannitol). After washing, the embryos are incubated in the maize electroporation buffer, EPM-KCl (80 mM KCl, 5 mM CaCl.sub.2, 10 mM HEPES (N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethanesulfonic acid) and 0.425 M mannitol, pH 7.2). Approximately 100 embryos in 200 .mu.EPM-KCl are loaded in each electroporation cuvette. About 20 .mu.g of a plasmid DNA, pPGSJVR1 (of Example 2) linearized with EcoRI, is added per cuvette.
After 1 hour DNA incubation with the explants, the cuvettes are transferred to an ice bath. After 10 minutes incubation on ice, the electroporation is carried out: one pulse with a field strength of 375 V/cm is discharged from a 900 .mu.F capacitor. The electroporation apparatus is as described by Dekeyser et al (1990) The Plant Cell 2:591. Immediately after electroporation, fresh liquid N6aph substrate is added to the explants in the cuvette, after which the explants are incubated for a further 10 minute period on ice.
Afterwards, the embryos are transferred to Mah1 VII substrate (macro- and micro-elements and vitamins of N6 medium supplemented with 100 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 6 mM proline, 0.5 g/l MES, 1 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 2% sucrose solidified with 0.75 g/l MgCl.sub.2 and 1.6 g/l Phytagel (Sigma Chemical Company, St Louis, Mo. U.S.A.), pH 5.8) and supplemented with 0.2M mannitol. After 3 days, the embryos are transferred to the same substrate supplemented with 200 mg/l kanamycin. After approximately 14 days, the embryos are transferred to Mah1 VII substrate without mannitol, supplemented with kanamycin. The embryos are further subcultured on this selective substrate for approximately 2 months with subculturing intervals of about 3 weeks. The induced embryogenic tissue is carefully isolated and transferred to MS medium (Murashige and Skoog (1962) Physiol. Plant 15:473) supplemented with 5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine for line H99. The embryogenic tissue is maintained on this medium for approximately 14 days and subsequently transferred to MS medium without hormones and 6% sucrose for line H99. Developing shoots are transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 1.5% sucrose for further development to normal plantlets. These plantlets are transferred to soil and cultivated in the greenhouse.
In an analogous way, corn embryos are transformed with a fragment of pTS218 DNA which contains the maintainer gene and the chimeric P35S-bar-3'nos and which is obtained by digestion of the plasmid with EcoRI, XhoI and PstI and by purifying the longest fragment. Transformation and plant regeneration is as described in Example 5.
Example 4
Analysis of the Transgenic Corn Plants of Example 3
Plants from Example 3 transformed with pGSJVR1 are analysed for the presence of the maintainer gene by means of PCR. DNA is prepared according to the protocol described by Dellaporta et al (1983) Plant Mol. Biol. Reporter 1:19, adapted for application to tissue amounts of about 10 to 20 mg. For each plant, such an amount of tissue is macerated in extraction buffer in a microfuge tube. Representative fragments of the maintainer gene are amplified using appropriate oligonucleotide probes.
Activity of the expression product of the first marker gene (i.e., neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII)) is assayed in plants as follows. Crude extracts are prepared by grinding plant tissue in extraction buffer (McDonnell et al (1987) Plant Molecular Biol. Reporter 5:380). The extracts are then subjected to non-denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis according to the procedure described by Reiss et al (1984) Gene 30:211. NPTII activity is then assayed by in situ phosphorylation of kanamycin using [gamma-32P]ATP as a substrate (McDonnell et al (1987) supra).
The plants that are found to be positive in both the PCR and NPTII assays are further analyzed by means of Southern hybridization. Genomic DNA is prepared from plant tissue according to the protocol described by Dellaporta et al (1983) supra, supplemented by a treatment with RNase to remove remaining RNA. A non-transformed H99 plant is used as a control. Samples of the DNA are digested with appropriate restriction enzymes and subjected to horizontal agarose electrophoresis. Southern transfer to Hybond N+ (Amersham International PLC, Amersham, United Kingdom) membranes by means of the "alkali blotting of DNA" protocol and the subsequent hybridization are performed as recommended by the manufacturer (Amersham Hybond-N+ leaflet). Suitable radioactive probes are prepared with the multi-prime DNA labelling kit (Amersham) according to the protocol supplied by the manufacturer which is derived from published procedures (Feinberg and Vogelstein (1983) Anal. Biochem. 132:6). The banding patterns show that at least the maintainer gene is integrated into the plant genomic DNA.
The PCR assays show that the maintainer gene is present. The NPTII assays show that the first marker DNA is expressed. The mature transformed plants can then be analyzed phenotypically to see whether the barstar DNA is expressed in tapetum cells and the barnase gene is expressed in pollen cells. Expression of barstar is determined by northern blotting of anther mRNA and by making testcrosses to determine the restoration in the progeny. Expression of the pollen-lethality gene is determined by cytological examination of the anther. In this regard, viable and nonviable mature pollen is determined by analyzing the staining of isolated pollen upon incubation for 30 minutes at 24.degree. C. in the following reaction mixture: 100 mm phosphate buffer pH 7.8, 100 mm Sodiumsuccinate and 1 mM NitroBlue Tetrazolium, followed by visual inspection of formazan precipitation in viable pollen. Alternative techniques for the differentiation between viable and nonviable mature pollen are those described, for example, by Alexander (1969) Stain Technology 44:117, and by Heslop-Harrison and Heslop-Harrison (1970) Stain Technology 45:115. The viability of microspores is determined by embedding flower buds in plastic at different developmental stages and subjecting the buds to histochemical staining with the succinate dehydrogenase assay, both as described by De Block and Debrouwer (1992) The Plant Journal 2:261.
Ultimately, the progeny of the plant transformed with the pollen-lethality gene is determined. None of the offspring obtained from a cross using this plant as a male parent have this gene, while 50% of the offspring obtained from a cross using this plant as a female parent possess the gene.
Plants from Example 3, transformed with pTS218 DNA, are analyzed in the same way, except that the expression product of the first marker gene, i.e., phosphinothricine acetyltransferase, is assayed by means of a PAT assay as described in Example 5.
Example 5
Production of Male-sterile Corn Plants
Zygotic embryos of corn inbred line H99 were isolated, enzymatically treated, washed, and loaded in electroporation buffer as described in Example 3. Approximately 100 embryos in 200 .mu.l EPM-KCl were loaded in each electroporation cuvette. About 20 .mu.g of a plasmid DNA, pVE108 linearized with HindIII, was added per cuvette. pVE108 is a 5620 bp plasmid which contains: a chimaeric gene comprising the bar DNA (EP 242236), encoding phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (PAT) and conferring resistance to an herbicidal glutamine synthetase inhibitor such as phosphinothricin (PPT), under the control of the 35S3 promoter; and another chimaeric gene comprising the DNA coding for barnase (Hartley (1988) supra) under the control of the tapetum-specific promoter of the TA29 gene (EP 344029) of N. tabacum. The complete sequence of plasmid pVE108 is given in SEQ ID no. 4. All vector constructions involving DNA fragments comprising the barnase gene were carried out in E. coli strain MC1061 containing the plasmid R702::pMc5BS of Example 3. After a 1 hour DNA incubation with the explants, the cuvettes were transferred to an ice bath. After 10 minutes incubation on ice, the electroporation was carried out as described in Example 3. Immediately after electroporation, fresh liquid N6aph substrate was added to the explants in the cuvette, after which the explants were incubated for a further 10 minute period on ice.
Afterwards, the embryos from one electroporation experiment were transferred to Mah1 VII substrate supplemented with 0.2 M mannitol and 2 mg/l PPT. After approximately 14 days, the embryos were transferred to Mh1 VII substrate (Mah1 VII substrate of Example 3 but without proline and casein hydrolysate) supplemented with 2 mg/l PPT but without mannitol. After approximately 4 weeks, the embryos were subcultured for another month on Mh1 VII substrate supplemented with 10 mg/l PPT. The induced embryogenic tissue was carefully isolated and transferred to MS medium supplemented with 5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. The embryogenic tissue was maintained on this medium for approximately 14 days and subsequently transferred to MS medium without hormones and sucrose. Developing shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 1.5% sucrose for further development to normal plantlets. These plantlets survived an in vitro spraying with doses of BASTA.sup.R (Hoechst AG, Frankfurt am Main, Germany) corresponding to 2 l/ha. These plantlets were then transferred to soil and cultivated in the greenhouse, and two of the transformed plantlets, designated RZM35-1 and RZM35-18, were further characterized.
The embryos from a second electroporation experiment were transferred to Mh1 VII substrate supplemented with 2 mg/l PPT and 0.2 M mannitol. After about 14 days, the embryos were transferred to Mh1 VII substrate supplemented with 2 mg/l PPT but without mannitol. After approximately another three weeks, the embryos were transferred to Mh1 VII substrate supplemented with 10 mg/l PPT but without mannitol. After another three weeks, the induced embryogenic tissue was carefully isolated and transferred to MS medium supplemented with 2 mg/l PPT and 5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine. The embryogenic tissue was maintained on this medium for approximately 14 days and subsequently transferred to MS medium without hormones, sucrose or PPT. Developing shoots were transferred to 1/2 MS medium with 1.5% sucrose for further development to normal plantlets. The resulting plantlets were transferred to soil and cultivated in the greenhouse, and three of the transformed plantlets, designated RZM34-1, RZM34-12, and RZM34-14, were further characterized.
RZM34-1, RZM34-12, RZM34-14, RZM35-1, and RZM35-18 were grown in the greenhouse. Activity of the expression product of the bar gene in leaves of the plants was assayed as follows in a "PAT assay". 100 mg of leaf tissue from each plant, together with 50 mg of acid-treated sea sand (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and 5 mg polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), were ground in an Eppendorf tube with a glass rod in 50 .mu.l of extraction buffer (25 mM Tris-HCL pH 7.5, 1 mM Na.sub.2 -EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt), 0.15 mg/ml phenylmethylsulfonylfluoride (PMSF), 0.3 mg/ml dithiothreitol (DTT), and 0.3 mg/ml bovine serum albumin). The extract was centrifuged in a microfuge for 5 minutes at 16,000 rpm. The supernatant was recovered and diluted ten times with TE 25/1 (25 mM Tris-HCL pH 7.5, 1 mM Na.sub.2 -EDTA. To twelve .mu.l of the diluted extract was then added: 1 .mu.l of 1 mM PPT in TE 25/1, 1 .mu.l of 2 mM AcetylCoenzyme A in TE 25/1, and 2 .mu.l of [14C]AcetylCoenzym A (60 mCi/mmol, 0.02 mCi/ml, [NEN Research Products, Dupont, Wilmington, Del., U.S.A.). The reaction mixture was incubated for 30 minutes at 37.degree. C. and spotted on a aluminium sheet silica gel 60 t.l.c. plate with concentrating zone (Merck). Ascending chromatography was carried out in a 3 to 2 mixture of 1-propanol and NH.sub.4 OH (25% NH.sub.3). 14.sub.C was visualized by overnight autoradiography (XAR-5 Kodak film). The tolerance to the herbicide BASTA.sup.R was tested by rushing a small area near the top of one leaf per plant with a 1% solution of the herbicide and observing the damage symptoms at and near the brushed sites. While RZM34-1, RZM35-1 and RZM35-18 showed no damage symptoms at all, RZM34-12 and RZM34-14 displayed slight browning and drying-out of the brushed site. RZM34-1, RZM34-12, RZM34-14, RZM35-1 and RZM35-18 were also shown to be male-sterile but otherwise phenotypically completely normal; female fertility, for instance, was normal. The spikelets of the male flowers were of about normal length but were very thin and appeared to be empty, and they never opened. A detailed analysis showed that the anthers were reduced to almost microscopic structures. This phenotype indicates not only that at least one copy of the barnase gene was expressed, but also that it was selectively expressed in some or all of the tissues of the anthers.
Southern analysis showed RZM35-1 and RZM35-18 to have an identical integration pattern, with only one copy of plasmid pVE108 being present in the genome of each plant. A small part of the plasmid DNA sequence adjacent to the HindIII site (used for linearization prior to electroporation) seemed to be absent in the integrated copy. Southern analysis of RZM34-1, RZM34-12 and RZM34-14 showed that each of these plants probably has two or three copies of part or all of pVE108 integrated into its genome. The copies are most likely not inserted in a concatemer configuration.
Transformants RZM35-1 and RZM34-1 were pollinated with pollen from an untransformed H99 plant, and progeny plantlets were recovered. From the 35 plantlets recovered from RZM35-1, 16 (46%) scored positive in a PAT assay, while 19 (54%) were PAT negative. This proportion in the F1 progeny does not differ significantly from the 1:1 ratio expected under normal Mendelian segregation of one active copy of the chimaeric bar gene (X2=0.26).
From the 34 plantlets recovered from RZM34-1, 19 (56%) scored positive in a PAT assay, while 15 (44%) were PAT negative. This proportion in the F1 progeny does not differ significantly from the 1:1 ratio expected under normal Mendelian segregation, assuming that the transformed female parent had one active copy, or alternatively multiple active, but closely linked copies, of the chimaeric bar gene (X2=0.47).
Example 6
Production of Restorer Corn plants
Zygotic embryos of corn inbred line H99 were isolated, enzymatically treated, washed and loaded in electroporation buffer as described in Example 5. Approximately 100 embryos in 200 .mu.l EPM-KCl were loaded in each electroporation cuvette. About 20 .mu.g of a plasmid DNA, pVE144 linearized with HindIII, was added per cuvette. pVE144 is a 6555 bp plasmid which was described in Example 2.
The embryos were electroporated, and the transformed cells were selected, grown into callus, and regenerated as described in Example 3. Transgenic plants were analyzed for the presence of the fertility-restorer gene and the marker gene by means of Southern hybridization and PCR. The expression of the fertility-restorer gene is assayed by means of Northern blotting, and the expression of the marker gene is determined by NPTII assay as described in Example 3.
Example 7
Production of Maintainer Corn Plants and a Male-sterile Corn Line and Maintenance of the Male-sterile Corn Line
Maintainer plants of this invention of corn line H99 are obtained as outlined in FIG. 1. A plant of corn inbred line H99 with the male-sterility genotype H99.sup.S/s,r/r,p/p, transformed with the male-sterility gene of Example 5, is crossed with plants with the genotype H99.sup.s/s,R/r,p/p, transformed with the fertility-restorer gene of Example 6. The progeny that have the genotype E99.sup.S/s,R/r,p/p are identified by PCR analysis for the presence of the S and R genes. These plants are selfed, yielding progeny with nine different genotypes. Two of these genotypes (H99.sup.S/S,r/r and H99.sup.S/s,r/r) will develop into male-sterile plants, while all the other genotypes will develop into male-fertile plants. When these male-fertile plants are selfed, progeny analysis allows the identification of their genotype. Thus: a) the progeny of selfings of H99.sup.S/S,R/R, H99.sup.S/s,R/R, H99.sup.s/s,R/R, H99.sup.s/s,R/r and H99.sup.s/s,r/r would all develop into male-fertile plants; b) selfings of H99.sup.S/s,R/r plants would produce progeny, of which 13 out of 16 would be male-fertile, and since the male-sterility gene is linked to the herbicide resistance gene, bar, 4 out of the 13 male-fertile plants would be sensitive to the herbicide BASTA.sup.R ; and c) selfings of H99.sup.S/S/,R/r plants would produce progeny, of which 12 out 16 would be fertile (4 out of 16 would have the genotype H99.sup.S/S,R/R and 8 out of 16 would have the genotype H99.sup.S/S,R/r), all of which would be resistant to the herbicide, and the male-sterile progeny of which (4 out of 16) would all be homozygous for the male-sterility gene (H99.sup. S/S,r/r).
The homozygous male-sterile progeny (H99.sup.S/S,r/r) of selfing (c) are then crossed with their male-fertile siblings, and only when the cross is with plants with the genotype H99.sup.S/S,R/r are the resulting plants 50% male-sterile (all with the genotype H99.sup.S/S,r/r) and 50% male-fertile (all with the genotype H99.sup.S/S,R/r. Indeed, the alternative cross between H99.sup.S/S/,r/r and H99.sup.S/S/,R/R would result in 100% male-fertile progeny plants.
Maintainer plants are selected by crossing the plant with the genotype H99.sup.S/s,R/r,p/p with a plant that is heterozygous for the maintainer gene of Example 2, i.e., (H99.sup.s/s,r/r,P/p), using the latter plant as the female parent. The offspring with the genotype H99.sup.S/s,r/r,P/p are selected by means of testcrosses supplemented with PCR analysis of the progeny (which can be easily identified by PCR and Southern blotting for the presence of the S and P genes and the absence of the R gene). The selected fertile offspring are then selfed. One out of eight offspring have the desired genotype for a maintainer plant of this invention (H99.sup.S/S,P/p) and can be further selected by means of testcrosses and PCR analysis of the progeny. Indeed, only plants with this genotype will produce 50% male-sterile offspring (all H99.sup.S/S,p/p) and 50% male-fertile offspring (all H99.sup.S/S,P/p), thus growing at once both the desired homozygous male-sterile line and the maintainer line of this invention. Testcrosses also include the pollination of wild type H99 plants with pollen of the progeny plants obtained from the selfing of H99.sup.S/s,P/p plants.
Homozygous male-sterile plants with the genotype H99.sup.S/S,r/r/p/p are then pollinated by maintainer plants H99.sup.S/S,r/r,P/p) of this invention. All progeny have the genotype H99.sup.S/S,r/r,p/p, so that the male-sterile line is maintained, as desired.
Example 8
Introduction of the Male-sterility Gene and the Maintainer Gene in Inbred Corn Lines Through Classical Breeding
The male-sterility gene of Example 5 and the maintainer gene of Example 2 are transferred from corn inbred line H99 to another corn inbred line (A) by repeated backcrossings as follows. The maintainer plant H99.sup.S/S,P/p is crossed as a female parent with an untransformed plant of line A (A.sup.s/s,p/p). The offspring with the genotype A-H99.sup.S/s,P/p are selected by screening, using PCR, for the presence of both the maintainer gene (P) and the male-sterility gene (S). These plants are then crossed again as female parents with A.sup.s/s,p/p plants, and the offspring that are heterozygous for both the P and S genes are again selected by PCR. This process of backcrossing is repeated until finally plants with the genotype A.sup.S/s,P/p are obtained. These plants are then selfed, and the progeny are analyzed in the same way as described in Example 7. In this way, male-sterile plants with the genotype A.sup.S/S,p/p and maintainer plants of this invention with the genotype A.sup.S/S,P/p are obtained.
TABLE 1______________________________________ 1. Action Transform corn embryos (e.g. H99) with male-sterility gene S. linked to herbicide resistance gene bar (Example 5) Result transformed plants with genotype S/s 2. Action Transform corn embryos (e.g. H99) with fertility-restorer gene R (Example 6) Result transformed plants with genotype R/r 3. Action Transform corn embryos (e.g; H99) with maintainer gene P (Example 3) Result transformed plants with genotype P/p 4. Action Cross S/s, r/r .times. s/s R/r. Select offspring for presence of both S and R genes by means of PCR. Result plants with genotype S/s, R/r 5. Action Self selected plants of 4 (optional) Result Progeny plants with 9 different genotypes______________________________________gamete S,R S,r s,R s,r .female. .male..fwdarw. .dwnarw.______________________________________S, R S/S, R/R S/S, R/r S/s, R/R S/s, R/r S, r S/S, R/r S/S, r/r** S/s, R/r S/s, r/r** s, R S/s, R/R S/s, R/r s/s, R/P s/s, R/r s, r S/s, R/r S/s, r/r** s/s, R/r s/s, r/r______________________________________ **male-sterile plants
6. Action self male-fertile progeny plants of 5 (Optional) Result6.1. Self of S/S, R/R: 100% male-fertile plants Self of S/s, R/R: 100% male-fertile plants Self of s/s, R/R: 100% male-fertile plants Self of s/s, R/r: 100% male-fertile plants Self of s/s, r/r: 100% male-fertile plants 6.2 Self of S/s, R/r: Same progeny as in 5 13/16 male- fertile plants with 4/13 herbicide sensitive 6.3 Self of S/S, R/r: Progeny as follows:______________________________________gamete S,R S,r .female. .male..fwdarw. .dwnarw.______________________________________S, R S/S, R/R S/S, R/r S, r S/S, R/r S/S, r/r**______________________________________ **male-sterile plants
Thus: 3/4 male-fertile plants, 0% herbicide sensitive All male-sterile plants are of genotype S/S, r/r 7. Action Cross .female.: P/p (from 3) .times. .male.: S/s, R/r (from 4) this equals in fact .female.: s/s, r/r, P/p .times. .male.: S/s, R/r, p/p Result Progeny with the following genotypes______________________________________gamete S,R,p S,r,p s,R,p s,r,p .female. .male..fwdarw. .dwnarw.______________________________________s, r, P S/s, R/r, P/p S/s, r/r, P/p s/s, R/r, P/p s/s, r/r, P/p s, r, p S/s, R/r, p/p S/s, r/r, p/p s/s, R/r, p/p s/s, r/r, p/p______________________________________ 8. Action From offspring of 7, select plants with genotype S/s, r/r, P/p by screening, by means of PCR and/or Southern blotting, for presence of S and P gene and absence of R gene. Result plants with genotype S/s, P/p 9. Action Self plants with genotype S/s, P/p (from 8) Result progeny with the following genotypes______________________________________gamete S,P S,p s,P s,p .female. .male..fwdarw. .dwnarw.______________________________________ S, P 1 S/S, P/p 2 S/s, P/p S, p 3 S/S, p/p** 4 S/s, p/p** s, P 2 S/s, P/p 5 s/s, P/p s, p 4 S/s, p/p** 6 s/s, p/p______________________________________ **male-sterile plants Shaded genotypes cannot develop because male gametes (pollen) are killed off by expression of the maintainer gene P.
10. Action self male fertile plants of 9. Result10.1. Self of s/s, P/p: 100% male-fertile plants Self of s/s, p/p: 100% male-fertile plants 10.2 Self of S/s, P/p: Same progeny as in 9 5/8 male- fertile plants with 2/5 herbicide sensitive 10.3 Self of S/S, P/p: Progeny as follows______________________________________gamete S,P S,p .male. .female..fwdarw. .dwnarw.______________________________________ S, P 1 S/S, P/p S, p 3 S/S, p/p**______________________________________ **male-fertile plants Shaded genotypes cannot develop because male gametes (pollen) are killed off by expression of the maintainter gene P. FINAL RESULT 1/2 malefertile plants, 0% herbicide sensitive. All these plants are maintainer plants 1/2 male sterile plants. All homozygous for the malesterility gene S.
__________________________________________________________________________# SEQUENCE LISTING - - - - (1) GENERAL INFORMATION: - - (iii) NUMBER OF SEQUENCES: 17 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 1: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 2661 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Zea mays (B) STRAIN: inbred line - # W-22 - - (x) PUBLICATION INFORMATION: (A) AUTHORS: Hamilton e - #t al., (C) JOURNAL: Sex Plant - #Reprod. (D) VOLUME: 2 (F) PAGES: 208- (G) DATE: 1989 - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #1: - - AAAGACCCCG CTTGTCAGTG AATGTTGCTA TTCTAGCAAA GGGAAGGTAT TT -#TTTCGGAC 60 - - CTTCGGCGTA AAGCCTTCGT CCAGATCGCA ATCTAAATTT ATTATTTTGA AC -#AAATTAAT 120 - - ATTGCGAGGG GCTACTGTTG GGGACCTTCG GCATCCGAAG GTCCTCAAAA AC -#AGGATTTA 180 - - ATAGTGTTTC TGGAGTATAA TGTGTGAACA GATATCTTCG GACTCAAGTC AG -#GCATCACA 240 - - GTAGACCAGA ATAATACGAA GGTTGGTGAA GCGCCGAAGG TGTAAGCAGG AA -#AGCTTCGG 300 - - CAAGACAGCA GCAGTTGAAA CCGACTTAAA GATGAAAAGG CTATTTAGAC CT -#CAACAGAT 360 - - TACTATAGGT TTATTATTAA GTGTAAAGGG CATTAATGTA ATTTTGCACG GG -#CTACGTCC 420 - - CGTGCCTATA AATAGGTGAA CAGTATTCCC GTACTGTTCA CGCTGACTTG GC -#ATTCGCTT 480 - - TTTGCGTCAC GCTTGTACTG TCATCTCATT CCTATTGAAG GTACACTTGT AA -#TTCAACGA 540 - - TATTTCTGTT TGTACCTAAT AATAATATAT AATTGTTCAT GTTGTCTTTT AT -#ATTCTTTA 600 - - TATTTCATCC TTCGTCATTG TTTAATGAAT TTATGAAGGT ACGTCCTTCA TA -#ACCTTCGT 660 - - CCGTAAACCA TTATATCCTA AGGGAAATAA TGCTTCGAAG GACGAAGGAC CT -#TAACGATT 720 - - AATATTTTCT ATGTTGCCTT GTTCTTAACT CATAGCACTT GAGAACAAGT CT -#CCAACAGT 780 - - TTGGTTATTC CTATTCCACG TGGATTAGAT GAGATTTAGA TAAAATTAGA AA -#TAATTTTG 840 - - ACTTACTAGG GATTTAAACC AACTCAGTCC CGTTCAATCC ACATGGATTG AG -#ATTAAAAC 900 - - AACTATTGAG ATTTTATTGT ATCAACACTC AACACCGATG TGTTTTTATA AT -#ACATCTTG 960 - - CGTGACATTT GTCCAAGTAC TATGCTAAAT ATGAGAAGCT GCCATTTAGT GA -#TTCTATAT 1020 - - ACTATTCACT TATGGATACA TTTAACTGAT ACCGTTTTGT TGAGCGCGTC TT -#ATTTAGTT 1080 - - TTACATAGCA GCATAGAAGA TTAGAAGTCG CAAATCCAAC TTTTGTGGAC CG -#CTGAAAAA 1140 - - CTCAACCAAA TTCGACATAT TTTTCACCTC CCCATGCCAC AAAACTAGGT CA -#AAACGGCT 1200 - - TTCTGCCGTC GGCCACTATT TCTACGGGCA GCCAGACAAA TCTTCGGGTC TC -#GCAGATTA 1260 - - TTTAAGGACA CCACAGGCTG CGTTACGAAA CCAGGCCAGA TTTGCCACCC TC -#GTCTCACC 1320 - - CTCCCTCCCT CACACAAATA ATAAGGAAAG GTCCCGCCCT TTTCCTCCGA CA -#TCCACAAG 1380 - - GGGGGAGGGG AAAACACGTA CATTCACCCG GCGGCAATAA TGGCCTCGGT TC -#CGGCTCCG 1440 - - GCGACGACGA CCGCCGCCGT CATCCTATGC CTATGCGTCG TCCTCTCCTG TG -#CCGCGGCT 1500 - - GACGACCCGA ACCTCCCCGA CTACGTCATC CAGGGCCGCG TGTACTGCGA CA -#CCTGCCGC 1560 - - GCCGGGTTCG TGACCAACGT CACCGAGTAC ATCGCGGGCG CCAAGGTGAG GC -#TGGAGTGC 1620 - - AAGCACTTCG GCACCGGCAA GCTCGAGCGC GCCATCGACG GGGTCACCGA CG -#CGACCGGC 1680 - - ACCTACACGA TCGAGCTCAA GGACAGCCAC GAGGAGGACA TCTGCCAGGT GG -#TGCTGGTG 1740 - - GCCAGCCCGC GCAAGGACTG CGACGAGGTC CAGGCGCTCA GGGACCGCGC CG -#GCGTCCTG 1800 - - CTCACCAGGA ACGTTGGCAT CTCCGACAGC CTGCGCCCCG CCAACCCGCT AG -#GCTACTTC 1860 - - AAGGACGTGC CGCTCCCCGT CTGCGCCGCG CTGCTCAAGC AGCTGGACTC GG -#ACGACGAC 1920 - - GACGACCAGT AAACTATACC ACGGCGGCGT CGCGGACATG CTGCACAAAA CT -#ACAACGAT 1980 - - ACAGAGCGAA CGCATGGCAT GGATAGCAGT ATCTACGGAA AGAAAAGGAA GA -#AAAGGAAA 2040 - - ATAAAAAATG TATCAGAGTG CTTGATTCAC TTGCTGCTGT CACCCATTCC CC -#GTTCTTAA 2100 - - CATAACATGT GGGCCGGCTT GGCCCAGGCA CAAGCCCATC TACGCATGGC CT -#ACGGTCCG 2160 - - CTAAAATATA GCCCTAATTA TGAGCCGTGT TGTGCCGTCA CATGGATCGA TC -#CAGCGGCA 2220 - - TACGATACAA CCCACAATTA CTTATGTGTG ATGGGCCGGC CAAAAAAGCC TA -#AGATGTCG 2280 - - TAGTGTGCTA GACCGACTCA TATATATAAA ACATTAAAAC ATATTGTCGG GG -#ACCATAAT 2340 - - TAGGGGTACC CTTAAGGCTC CTAATTCTCA GCTGGTAACC CTCATCAGCG TA -#AAGCTGCA 2400 - - AAGGCCTGAT GGGTGCGATT AAGTCAGGGA TCAGTCCATT CGAGGGACTC GA -#TCACGCCT 2460 - - CGCCCGAGCC TAGCCTCGGA CAAGGGCAGC CGACCCCGGA GGATCTCCGT CT -#CGCCCGAG 2520 - - GCCCTCCTCC AGCGGCGAAC ATATTTCCGG CTCGCCCGAG GCCCTGTCTT CG -#CCAAGAAG 2580 - - CAACCCTGAC CAAATCGCCG CACCGACCGA CCAAATCGCA GGAGCATTTA AT -#GCAAAGGT 2640 - - GGCCTGACAC ATTTATCCTG A - # - # 2661 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 2: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 6555 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: circular - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: plasmid p - #VE144 (replicable in E.coli) - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..396 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= pUC18 /note= - #"pUC18 derived sequence" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(397..751) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos /note= - #"3' regulatory sequence containing the polyadenylat - #ion site derived from Agrobacterium T-DNA nop - #aline synthase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(752..1024) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= barstar /note= - #"coding region of the barstar gene of Bacillus - #amyloliquefaciens" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(1025..1607) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TA29 /note= - #"promoter derived from the TA29 gene of Nicotiana - #tabacum" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1608..2440 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 35S3 /note= - #"35S3 promoter sequence derived from cauliflower - #mosaic virus isolate CabbB-JI" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2441..3256 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= neo /note= - #"coding region of the neomycine phosphotrans - #ferase gene of Tn5" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 3257..4315 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'ocs /note= - #"3' regulatory sequence containing the polyadenylat - #ion site derived from Agrobacterium T-DNA oct - #opine synthase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 4316..6555 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= pUC18 /note= - #"pUC18 derived sequence" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #2: - - TCGCGCGTTT CGGTGATGAC GGTGAAAACC TCTGACACAT GCAGCTCCCG GA -#GACGGTCA 60 - - CAGCTTGTCT GTAAGCGGAT GCCGGGAGCA GACAAGCCCG TCAGGGCGCG TC -#AGCGGGTG 120 - - TTGGCGGGTG TCGGGGCTGG CTTAACTATG CGGCATCAGA GCAGATTGTA CT -#GAGAGTGC 180 - - ACCATATGCG GTGTGAAATA CCGCACAGAT GCGTAAGGAG AAAATACCGC AT -#CAGGCGCC 240 - - ATTCGCCATT CAGGCTGCGC AACTGTTGGG AAGGGCGATC GGTGCGGGCC TC -#TTCGCTAT 300 - - TACGCCAGCT GGCGAAAGGG GGATGTGCTG CAAGGCGATT AAGTTGGGTA AC -#GCCAGGGT 360 - - TTTCCCAGTC ACGACGTTGT AAAACGACGG CCAGTGAATT CGAGCTCGGT AC -#CCGGGGAT 420 - - CTTCCCGATC TAGTAACATA GATGACACCG CGCGCGATAA TTTATCCTAG TT -#TGCGCGCT 480 - - ATATTTTGTT TTCTATCGCG TATTAAATGT ATAATTGCGG GACTCTAATC AT -#AAAAACCC 540 - - ATCTCATAAA TAACGTCATG CATTACATGT TAATTATTAC ATGCTTAACG TA -#ATTCAACA 600 - - GAAATTATAT GATAATCATC GCAAGACCGG CAACAGGATT CAATCTTAAG AA -#ACTTTATT 660 - - GCCAAATGTT TGAACGATCT GCTTCGGATC CTCTAGACCA AGCTAGCTTG CG -#GGTTTGTG 720 - - TTTCCATATT GTTCATCTCC CATTGATCGT ATTAAGAAAG TATGATGGTG AT -#GTCGCAGC 780 - - CTTCCGCTTT CGCTTCACGG AAAACCTGAA GCACACTCTC GGCGCCATTT TC -#AGTCAGCT 840 - - GCTTGCTTTG TTCAAACTGC CTCCATTCCA AAACGAGCGG GTACTCCACC CA -#TCCGGTCA 900 - - GACAATCCCA TAAAGCGTCC AGGTTTTCAC CGTAGTATTC CGGAAGGGCA AG -#CTCCTTTT 960 - - TCAATGTCTG GTGGAGGTCG CTGATACTTC TGATTTGTTC CCCGTTAATG AC -#TGCTTTTT 1020 - - TCATCGGTAG CTAATTTCTT TAAGTAAAAA CTTTGATTTG AGTGATGATG TT -#GTACTGTT 1080 - - ACACTTGCAC CACAAGGGCA TATATAGAGC ACAAGACATA CACAACAACT TG -#CAAAACTA 1140 - - ACTTTTGTTG GAGCATTTCG AGGAAAATGG GGAGTAGCAG GCTAATCTGA GG -#GTAACATT 1200 - - AAGGTTTCAT GTATTAATTT GTTGCAAACA TGGACTTAGT GTGAGGAAAA AG -#TACCAAAA 1260 - - TTTTGTCTCA CCCTGATTTC AGTTATGGAA ATTACATTAT GAAGCTGTGC TA -#GAGAAGAT 1320 - - GTTTATTCTA GTCCAGCCAC CCACCTTATG CAAGTCTGCT TTTAGCTTGA TT -#CAAAAACT 1380 - - GATTTAATTT ACATTGCTAA ATGTGCATAC TTCGAGCCTA TGTCGCTTTA AT -#TCGAGTAG 1440 - - GATGTATATA TTAGTACATA AAAAATCATG TTTGAATCAT CTTTCATAAA GT -#GACAAGTC 1500 - - AATTGTCCCT TCTTGTTTGG CACTATATTC AATCTGTTAA TGCAAATTAT CC -#AGTTATAC 1560 - - TTAGCTAGAT GGGGATCCTC TAGAGTCGAC CTGCAGGCAT GCAAGCTCCT AC -#GCAGCAGG 1620 - - TCTCATCAAG ACGATCTACC CGAGTAACAA TCTCCAGGAG ATCAAATACC TT -#CCCAAGAA 1680 - - GGTTAAAGAT GCAGTCAAAA GATTCAGGAC TAATTGCATC AAGAACACAG AG -#AAAGACAT 1740 - - ATTTCTCAAG ATCAGAAGTA CTATTCCAGT ATGGACGATT CAAGGCTTGC TT -#CATAAACC 1800 - - AAGGCAAGTA ATAGAGATTG GAGTCTCTAA AAAGGTAGTT CCTACTGAAT CT -#AAGGCCAT 1860 - - GCATGGAGTC TAAGATTCAA ATCGAGGATC TAACAGAACT CGCCGTGAAG AC -#TGGCGAAC 1920 - - AGTTCATACA GAGTCTTTTA CGACTCAATG ACAAGAAGAA AATCTTCGTC AA -#CATGGTGG 1980 - - AGCACGACAC TCTGGTCTAC TCCAAAAATG TCAAAGATAC AGTCTCAGAA GA -#CCAAAGGG 2040 - - CTATTGAGAC TTTTCAACAA AGGATAATTT CGGGAAACCT CCTCGGATTC CA -#TTGCCCAG 2100 - - CTATCTGTCA CTTCATCGAA AGGACAGTAG AAAAGGAAGG TGGCTCCTAC AA -#ATGCCATC 2160 - - ATTGCGATAA AGGAAAGGCT ATCATTCAAG ATGCCTCTGC CGACAGTGGT CC -#CAAAGATG 2220 - - GACCCCCACC CACGAGGAGC ATCGTGGAAA AAGAAGACGT TCCAACCACG TC -#TTCAAAGC 2280 - - AAGTGGATTG ATGTGACATC TCCACTGACG TAAGGGATGA CGCACAATCC CA -#CTATCCTT 2340 - - CGCAAGACCC TTCCTCTATA TAAGGAAGTT CATTTCATTT GGAGAGGACA CG -#CTGAAATC 2400 - - ACCAGTCTCT CTCTATAAAT CTATCTCTCT CTCTATAACC ATGGATCCGG CC -#AAGCTAGC 2460 - - TTGGATTGAA CAAGATGGAT TGCACGCAGG TTCTCCGGCC GCTTGGGTGG AG -#AGGCTATT 2520 - - CGGCTATGAC TGGGCACAAC AGACAATCGG CTGCTCTGAT GCCGCCGTGT TC -#CGGCTGTC 2580 - - AGCGCAGGGG CGCCCGGTTC TTTTTGTCAA GACCGACCTG TCCGGTGCCC TG -#AATGAACT 2640 - - GCAGGACGAG GCAGCGCGGC TATCGTGGCT GGCCACGACG GGCGTTCCTT GC -#GCAGCTGT 2700 - - GCTCGACGTT GTCACTGAAG CGGGAAGGGA CTGGCTGCTA TTGGGCGAAG TG -#CCGGGGCA 2760 - - GGATCTCCTG TCATCTCACC TTGCTCCTGC CGAGAAAGTA TCCATCATGG CT -#GATGCAAT 2820 - - GCGGCGGCTG CATACGCTTG ATCCGGCTAC CTGCCCATTC GACCACCAAG CG -#AAACATCG 2880 - - CATCGAGCGA GCACGTACTC GGATGGAAGC CGGTCTTGTC GATCAGGATG AT -#CTGGACGA 2940 - - AGAGCATCAG GGGCTCGCGC CAGCCGAACT GTTCGCCAGG CTCAAGGCGC GC -#ATGCCCGA 3000 - - CGGCGAGGAT CTCGTCGTGA CCCATGGCGA TGCCTGCTTG CCGAATATCA TG -#GTGGAAAA 3060 - - TGGCCGCTTT TCTGGATTCA TCGACTGTGG CCGGCTGGGT GTGGCGGACC GC -#TATCAGGA 3120 - - CATAGCGTTG GCTACCCGTG ATATTGCTGA AGAGCTTGGC GGCGAATGGG CT -#GACCGCTT 3180 - - CCTCGTGCTT TACGGTATCG CCGCTCCCGA TTCGCAGCGC ATCGCCTTCT AT -#CGCCTTCT 3240 - - TGACGAGTTC TTCTGAGCGG GACTCTGGGG TTCGAAATGA CCGACCAAGC GA -#CGCCCAAC 3300 - - CTGCCATCAC GAGATTTCGA TTCCACCGCC GCCTTCTATG AAAGGTTGGG CT -#TCGGAATC 3360 - - GTTTTCCGGG ACGCCGGCTG GATGATCCTC CAGCGCGGGG ATCTCATGCT GG -#AGTTCTTC 3420 - - GCCCACCCCC TGCTTTAATG AGATATGCGA GACGCCTATG ATCGCATGAT AT -#TTGCTTTC 3480 - - AATTCTGTTG TGCACGTTGT AAAAAACCTG AGCATGTGTA GCTCAGATCC TT -#ACCGCCGG 3540 - - TTTCGGTTCA TTCTAATGAA TATATCACCC GTTACTATCG TATTTTTATG AA -#TAATATTC 3600 - - TCCGTTCAAT TTACTGATTG TACCCTACTA CTTATATGTA CAATATTAAA AT -#GAAAACAA 3660 - - TATATTGTGC TGAATAGGTT TATAGCGACA TCTATGATAG AGCGCCACAA TA -#ACAAACAA 3720 - - TTGCGTTTTA TTATTACAAA TCCAATTTTA AAAAAAGCGG CAGAACCGGT CA -#AACCTAAA 3780 - - AGACTGATTA CATAAATCTT ATTCAAATTT CAAAAGGCCC CAGGGGCTAG TA -#TCTACGAC 3840 - - ACACCGAGCG GCGAACTAAT AACGTTCACT GAAGGGAACT CCGGTTCCCC GC -#CGGCGCGC 3900 - - ATGGGTGAGA TTCCTTGAAG TTGAGTATTG GCCGTCCGCT CTACCGAAAG TT -#ACGGGCAC 3960 - - CATTCAACCC GGTCCAGCAC GGCGGCCGGG TAACCGACTT GCTGCCCCGA GA -#ATTATGCA 4020 - - GCATTTTTTT GGTGTATGTG GGCCCCAAAT GAAGTGCAGG TCAAACCTTG AC -#AGTGACGA 4080 - - CAAATCGTTG GGCGGGTCCA GGGCGAATTT TGCGACAACA TGTCGAGGCT CA -#GCAGGGGC 4140 - - TCGATCCCCT CGCGAGTTGG TTCAGCTGCT GCCTGAGGCT GGACGACCTC GC -#GGAGTTCT 4200 - - ACCGGCAGTG CAAATCCGTC GGCATCCAGG AAACCAGCAG CGGCTATCCG CG -#CATCCATG 4260 - - CCCCCGAACT GCAGGAGTGG GGAGGCACGA TGGCCGCTTT GGTCGACCTG CA -#GCCAAGCT 4320 - - TGGCGTAATC ATGGTCATAG CTGTTTCCTG TGTGAAATTG TTATCCGCTC AC -#AATTCCAC 4380 - - ACAACATACG AGCCGGAAGC ATAAAGTGTA AAGCCTGGGG TGCCTAATGA GT -#GAGCTAAC 4440 - - TCACATTAAT TGCGTTGCGC TCACTGCCCG CTTTCCAGTC GGGAAACCTG TC -#GTGCCAGC 4500 - - TGCATTAATG AATCGGCCAA CGCGCGGGGA GAGGCGGTTT GCGTATTGGG CG -#CTCTTCCG 4560 - - CTTCCTCGCT CACTGACTCG CTGCGCTCGG TCGTTCGGCT GCGGCGAGCG GT -#ATCAGCTC 4620 - - ACTCAAAGGC GGTAATACGG TTATCCACAG AATCAGGGGA TAACGCAGGA AA -#GAACATGT 4680 - - GAGCAAAAGG CCAGCAAAAG GCCAGGAACC GTAAAAAGGC CGCGTTGCTG GC -#GTTTTTCC 4740 - - ATAGGCTCCG CCCCCCTGAC GAGCATCACA AAAATCGACG CTCAAGTCAG AG -#GTGGCGAA 4800 - - ACCCGACAGG ACTATAAAGA TACCAGGCGT TTCCCCCTGG AAGCTCCCTC GT -#GCGCTCTC 4860 - - CTGTTCCGAC CCTGCCGCTT ACCGGATACC TGTCCGCCTT TCTCCCTTCG GG -#AAGCGTGG 4920 - - CGCTTTCTCA ATGCTCACGC TGTAGGTATC TCAGTTCGGT GTAGGTCGTT CG -#CTCCAAGC 4980 - - TGGGCTGTGT GCACGAACCC CCCGTTCAGC CCGACCGCTG CGCCTTATCC GG -#TAACTATC 5040 - - GTCTTGAGTC CAACCCGGTA AGACACGACT TATCGCCACT GGCAGCAGCC AC -#TGGTAACA 5100 - - GGATTAGCAG AGCGAGGTAT GTAGGCGGTG CTACAGAGTT CTTGAAGTGG TG -#GCCTAACT 5160 - - ACGGCTACAC TAGAAGGACA GTATTTGGTA TCTGCGCTCT GCTGAAGCCA GT -#TACCTTCG 5220 - - GAAAAAGAGT TGGTAGCTCT TGATCCGGCA AACAAACCAC CGCTGGTAGC GG -#TGGTTTTT 5280 - - TTGTTTGCAA GCAGCAGATT ACGCGCAGAA AAAAAGGATC TCAAGAAGAT CC -#TTTGATCT 5340 - - TTTCTACGGG GTCTGACGCT CAGTGGAACG AAAACTCACG TTAAGGGATT TT -#GGTCATGA 5400 - - GATTATCAAA AAGGATCTTC ACCTAGATCC TTTTAAATTA AAAATGAAGT TT -#TAAATCAA 5460 - - TCTAAAGTAT ATATGAGTAA ACTTGGTCTG ACAGTTACCA ATGCTTAATC AG -#TGAGGCAC 5520 - - CTATCTCAGC GATCTGTCTA TTTCGTTCAT CCATAGTTGC CTGACTCCCC GT -#CGTGTAGA 5580 - - TAACTACGAT ACGGGAGGGC TTACCATCTG GCCCCAGTGC TGCAATGATA CC -#GCGAGACC 5640 - - CACGCTCACC GGCTCCAGAT TTATCAGCAA TAAACCAGCC AGCCGGAAGG GC -#CGAGCGCA 5700 - - GAAGTGGTCC TGCAACTTTA TCCGCCTCCA TCCAGTCTAT TAATTGTTGC CG -#GGAAGCTA 5760 - - GAGTAAGTAG TTCGCCAGTT AATAGTTTGC GCAACGTTGT TGCCATTGCT AC -#AGGCATCG 5820 - - TGGTGTCACG CTCGTCGTTT GGTATGGCTT CATTCAGCTC CGGTTCCCAA CG -#ATCAAGGC 5880 - - GAGTTACATG ATCCCCCATG TTGTGCAAAA AAGCGGTTAG CTCCTTCGGT CC -#TCCGATCG 5940 - - TTGTCAGAAG TAAGTTGGCC GCAGTGTTAT CACTCATGGT TATGGCAGCA CT -#GCATAATT 6000 - - CTCTTACTGT CATGCCATCC GTAAGATGCT TTTCTGTGAC TGGTGAGTAC TC -#AACCAAGT 6060 - - CATTCTGAGA ATAGTGTATG CGGCGACCGA GTTGCTCTTG CCCGGCGTCA AT -#ACGGGATA 6120 - - ATACCGCGCC ACATAGCAGA ACTTTAAAAG TGCTCATCAT TGGAAAACGT TC -#TTCGGGGC 6180 - - GAAAACTCTC AAGGATCTTA CCGCTGTTGA GATCCAGTTC GATGTAACCC AC -#TCGTGCAC 6240 - - CCAACTGATC TTCAGCATCT TTTACTTTCA CCAGCGTTTC TGGGTGAGCA AA -#AACAGGAA 6300 - - GGCAAAATGC CGCAAAAAAG GGAATAAGGG CGACACGGAA ATGTTGAATA CT -#CATACTCT 6360 - - TCCTTTTTCA ATATTATTGA AGCATTTATC AGGGTTATTG TCTCATGAGC GG -#ATACATAT 6420 - - TTGAATGTAT TTAGAAAAAT AAACAAATAG GGGTTCCGCG CACATTTCCC CG -#AAAAGTGC 6480 - - CACCTGACGT CTAAGAAACC ATTATTATCA TGACATTAAC CTATAAAAAT AG -#GCGTATCA 6540 - - CGAGGCCCTT TCGTC - # - # - # 6555 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 3: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 5620 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: circular - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: plasmid p - #VE108 (replicable in E.coli) - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..395 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= pUC18 /note= - #"pUC18 derived sequence" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(396..802) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos /note= - #"3' regulatory sequence containing the polyadenylat - #ion site derived from the nopaline synthase - #gene from Agrobacterium T-DNA" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(803..1138) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= barnase /note= - #"coding region of the barnase gene of Bacillus - #amyloliquefaciens" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(1139..1683) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TA29 /note= - #"sequence derived from tapetum specific promoter - #of Nicotiana tabacum" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1684..2516 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 35S3 /note= - #""35S3" promoter sequence derived from cauliflower - #mosaic virus isolate CabbB-JI" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2517..3068 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= bar /note= - #"coding sequence of phosphinotricin acetyltransf - #erase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 3069..3356 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos /note= - #"3' regulatory sequence containing the polyadenylat - #ion site derived from Agrobacterium T-DNA nop - #aline synthase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 3357..5620 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= pUC18 /note= - #"pUC18 derived sequence" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #3: - - TCGCGCGTTT CGGTGATGAC GGTGAAAACC TCTGACACAT GCAGCTCCCG GA -#GACGGTCA 60 - - CAGCTTGTCT GTAAGCGGAT GCCGGGAGCA GACAAGCCCG TCAGGGCGCG TC -#AGCGGGTG 120 - - TTGGCGGGTG TCGGGGCTGG CTTAACTATG CGGCATCAGA GCAGATTGTA CT -#GAGAGTGC 180 - - ACCATATGCG GTGTGAAATA CCGCACAGAT GCGTAAGGAG AAAATACCGC AT -#CAGGCGCC 240 - - ATTCGCCATT CAGGCTGCGC AACTGTTGGG AAGGGCGATC GGTGCGGGCC TC -#TTCGCTAT 300 - - TACGCCAGCT GGCGAAAGGG GGATGTGCTG CAAGGCGATT AAGTTGGGTA AC -#GCCAGGGT 360 - - TTTCCCAGTC ACGACGTTGT AAAACGACGG CCAGTGAATT CGAGCTCGGT AC -#CCGGGGAT 420 - - CTTCCCGATC TAGTAACATA GATGACACCG CGCGCGATAA TTTATCCTAG TT -#TGCGCGCT 480 - - ATATTTTGTT TTCTATCGCG TATTAAATGT ATAATTGCGG GACTCTAATC AT -#AAAAACCC 540 - - ATCTCATAAA TAACGTCATG CATTACATGT TAATTATTAC ATGCTTAACG TA -#ATTCAACA 600 - - GAAATTATAT GATAATCATC GCAAGACCGG CAACAGGATT CAATCTTAAG AA -#ACTTTATT 660 - - GCCAAATGTT TGAACGATCT GCTTCGGATC CTCTAGAGNN NNCCGGAAAG TG -#AAATTGAC 720 - - CGATCAGAGT TTGAAGAAAA ATTTATTACA CACTTTATGT AAAGCTGAAA AA -#AACGGCCT 780 - - CCGCAGGAAG CCGTTTTTTT CGTTATCTGA TTTTTGTAAA GGTCTGATAA TG -#GTCCGTTG 840 - - TTTTGTAAAT CAGCCAGTCG CTTGAGTAAA GAATCCGGTC TGAATTTCTG AA -#GCCTGATG 900 - - TATAGTTAAT ATCCGCTTCA CGCCATGTTC GTCCGCTTTT GCCCGGGAGT TT -#GCCTTCCC 960 - - TGTTTGAGAA GATGTCTCCG CCGATGCTTT TCCCCGGAGC GACGTCTGCA AG -#GTTCCCTT 1020 - - TTGATGCCAC CCAGCCGAGG GCTTGTGCTT CTGATTTTGT AATGTAATTA TC -#AGGTAGCT 1080 - - TATGATATGT CTGAAGATAA TCCGCAACCC CGTCAAACGT GTTGATAACC GG -#TACCATGG 1140 - - TAGCTAATTT CTTTAAGTAA AAACTTTGAT TTGAGTGATG ATGTTGTACT GT -#TACACTTG 1200 - - CACCACAAGG GCATATATAG AGCACAAGAC ATACACAACA ACTTGCAAAA CT -#AACTTTTG 1260 - - TTGGAGCATT TCGAGGAAAA TGGGGAGTAG CAGGCTAATC TGAGGGTAAC AT -#TAAGGTTT 1320 - - CATGTATTAA TTTGTTGCAA ACATGGACTT AGTGTGAGGA AAAAGTACCA AA -#ATTTTGTC 1380 - - TCACCCTGAT TTCAGTTATG GAAATTACAT TATGAAGCTG TGCTAGAGAA GA -#TGTTTATT 1440 - - CTAGTCCAGC CACCCACCTT ATGCAAGTCT GCTTTTAGCT TGATTCAAAA AC -#TGATTTAA 1500 - - TTTACATTGC TAAATGTGCA TACTTCGAGC CTATGTCGCT TTAATTCGAG TA -#GGATGTAT 1560 - - ATATTAGTAC ATAAAAAATC ATGTTTGAAT CATCTTTCAT AAAGTGACAA GT -#CAATTGTC 1620 - - CCTTCTTGTT TGGCACTATA TTCAATCTGT TAATGCAAAT TATCCAGTTA TA -#CTTAGCTA 1680 - - GATCCTACGC AGCAGGTCTC ATCAAGACGA TCTACCCGAG TAACAATCTC CA -#GGAGATCA 1740 - - AATACCTTCC CAAGAAGGTT AAAGATGCAG TCAAAAGATT CAGGACTAAT TG -#CATCAAGA 1800 - - ACACAGAGAA AGACATATTT CTCAAGATCA GAAGTACTAT TCCAGTATGG AC -#GATTCAAG 1860 - - GCTTGCTTCA TAAACCAAGG CAAGTAATAG AGATTGGAGT CTCTAAAAAG GT -#AGTTCCTA 1920 - - CTGAATCTAA GGCCATGCAT GGAGTCTAAG ATTCAAATCG AGGATCTAAC AG -#AACTCGCC 1980 - - GTGAAGACTG GCGAACAGTT CATACAGAGT CTTTTACGAC TCAATGACAA GA -#AGAAAATC 2040 - - TTCGTCAACA TGGTGGAGCA CGACACTCTG GTCTACTCCA AAAATGTCAA AG -#ATACAGTC 2100 - - TCAGAAGACC AAAGGGCTAT TGAGACTTTT CAACAAAGGA TAATTTCGGG AA -#ACCTCCTC 2160 - - GGATTCCATT GCCCAGCTAT CTGTCACTTC ATCGAAAGGA CAGTAGAAAA GG -#AAGGTGGC 2220 - - TCCTACAAAT GCCATCATTG CGATAAAGGA AAGGCTATCA TTCAAGATGC CT -#CTGCCGAC 2280 - - AGTGGTCCCA AAGATGGACC CCCACCCACG AGGAGCATCG TGGAAAAAGA AG -#ACGTTCCA 2340 - - ACCACGTCTT CAAAGCAAGT GGATTGATGT GACATCTCCA CTGACGTAAG GG -#ATGACGCA 2400 - - CAATCCCACT ATCCTTCGCA AGACCCTTCC TCTATATAAG GAAGTTCATT TC -#ATTTGGAG 2460 - - AGGACACGCT GAAATCACCA GTCTCTCTCT ATAAATCTAT CTCTCTCTCT AT -#AACCATGG 2520 - - ACCCAGAACG ACGCCCGGCC GACATCCGCC GTGCCACCGA GGCGGACATG CC -#GGCGGTCT 2580 - - GCACCATCGT CAACCACTAC ATCGAGACAA GCACGGTCAA CTTCCGTACC GA -#GCCGCAGG 2640 - - AACCGCAGGA GTGGACGGAC GACCTCGTCC GTCTGCGGGA GCGCTATCCC TG -#GCTCGTCG 2700 - - CCGAGGTGGA CGGCGAGGTC GCCGGCATCG CCTACGCGGG CCCCTGGAAG GC -#ACGCAACG 2760 - - CCTACGACTG GACGGCCGAG TCGACCGTGT ACGTCTCCCC CCGCCACCAG CG -#GACGGGAC 2820 - - TGGGCTCCAC GCTCTACACC CACCTGCTGA AGTCCCTGGA GGCACAGGGC TT -#CAAGAGCG 2880 - - TGGTCGCTGT CATCGGGCTG CCCAACGACC CGAGCGTGCG CATGCACGAG GC -#GCTCGGAT 2940 - - ATGCCCCCCG CGGCATGCTG CGGGCGGCCG GCTTCAAGCA CGGGAACTGG CA -#TGACGTGG 3000 - - GTTTCTGGCA GCTGGACTTC AGCCTGCCGG TACCGCCCCG TCCGGTCCTG CC -#CGTCACCG 3060 - - AGATCTGATC TCACGCGTCT AGGATCCGAA GCAGATCGTT CAAACATTTG GC -#AATAAAGT 3120 - - TTCTTAAGAT TGAATCCTGT TGCCGGTCTT GCGATGATTA TCATATAATT TC -#TGTTGAAT 3180 - - TACGTTAAGC ATGTAATAAT TAACATGTAA TGCATGACGT TATTTATGAG AT -#GGGTTTTT 3240 - - ATGATTAGAG TCCCGCAATT ATACATTTAA TACGCGATAG AAAACAAAAT AT -#AGCGCGCA 3300 - - AACTAGGATA AATTATCGCG CGCGGTGTCA TCTATGTTAC TAGATCGGGA AG -#ATCCTCTA 3360 - - GAGTCGACCT GCAGGCATGC AAGCTTGGCG TAATCATGGT CATAGCTGTT TC -#CTGTGTGA 3420 - - AATTGTTATC CGCTCACAAT TCCACACAAC ATACGAGCCG GAAGCATAAA GT -#GTAAAGCC 3480 - - TGGGGTGCCT AATGAGTGAG CTAACTCACA TTAATTGCGT TGCGCTCACT GC -#CCGCTTTC 3540 - - CAGTCGGGAA ACCTGTCGTG CCAGCTGCAT TAATGAATCG GCCAACGCGC GG -#GGAGAGGC 3600 - - GGTTTGCGTA TTGGGCGCTC TTCCGCTTCC TCGCTCACTG ACTCGCTGCG CT -#CGGTCGTT 3660 - - CGGCTGCGGC GAGCGGTATC AGCTCACTCA AAGGCGGTAA TACGGTTATC CA -#CAGAATCA 3720 - - GGGGATAACG CAGGAAAGAA CATGTGAGCA AAAGGCCAGC AAAAGGCCAG GA -#ACCGTAAA 3780 - - AAGGCCGCGT TGCTGGCGTT TTTCCATAGG CTCCGCCCCC CTGACGAGCA TC -#ACAAAAAT 3840 - - CGACGCTCAA GTCAGAGGTG GCGAAACCCG ACAGGACTAT AAAGATACCA GG -#CGTTTCCC 3900 - - CCTGGAAGCT CCCTCGTGCG CTCTCCTGTT CCGACCCTGC CGCTTACCGG AT -#ACCTGTCC 3960 - - GCCTTTCTCC CTTCGGGAAG CGTGGCGCTT TCTCAATGCT CACGCTGTAG GT -#ATCTCAGT 4020 - - TCGGTGTAGG TCGTTCGCTC CAAGCTGGGC TGTGTGCACG AACCCCCCGT TC -#AGCCCGAC 4080 - - CGCTGCGCCT TATCCGGTAA CTATCGTCTT GAGTCCAACC CGGTAAGACA CG -#ACTTATCG 4140 - - CCACTGGCAG CAGCCACTGG TAACAGGATT AGCAGAGCGA GGTATGTAGG CG -#GTGCTACA 4200 - - GAGTTCTTGA AGTGGTGGCC TAACTACGGC TACACTAGAA GGACAGTATT TG -#GTATCTGC 4260 - - GCTCTGCTGA AGCCAGTTAC CTTCGGAAAA AGAGTTGGTA GCTCTTGATC CG -#GCAAACAA 4320 - - ACCACCGCTG GTAGCGGTGG TTTTTTTGTT TGCAAGCAGC AGATTACGCG CA -#GAAAAAAA 4380 - - GGATCTCAAG AAGATCCTTT GATCTTTTCT ACGGGGTCTG ACGCTCAGTG GA -#ACGAAAAC 4440 - - TCACGTTAAG GGATTTTGGT CATGAGATTA TCAAAAAGGA TCTTCACCTA GA -#TCCTTTTA 4500 - - AATTAAAAAT GAAGTTTTAA ATCAATCTAA AGTATATATG AGTAAACTTG GT -#CTGACAGT 4560 - - TACCAATGCT TAATCAGTGA GGCACCTATC TCAGCGATCT GTCTATTTCG TT -#CATCCATA 4620 - - GTTGCCTGAC TCCCCGTCGT GTAGATAACT ACGATACGGG AGGGCTTACC AT -#CTGGCCCC 4680 - - AGTGCTGCAA TGATACCGCG AGACCCACGC TCACCGGCTC CAGATTTATC AG -#CAATAAAC 4740 - - CAGCCAGCCG GAAGGGCCGA GCGCAGAAGT GGTCCTGCAA CTTTATCCGC CT -#CCATCCAG 4800 - - TCTATTAATT GTTGCCGGGA AGCTAGAGTA AGTAGTTCGC CAGTTAATAG TT -#TGCGCAAC 4860 - - GTTGTTGCCA TTGCTACAGG CATCGTGGTG TCACGCTCGT CGTTTGGTAT GG -#CTTCATTC 4920 - - AGCTCCGGTT CCCAACGATC AAGGCGAGTT ACATGATCCC CCATGTTGTG CA -#AAAAAGCG 4980 - - GTTAGCTCCT TCGGTCCTCC GATCGTTGTC AGAAGTAAGT TGGCCGCAGT GT -#TATCACTC 5040 - - ATGGTTATGG CAGCACTGCA TAATTCTCTT ACTGTCATGC CATCCGTAAG AT -#GCTTTTCT 5100 - - GTGACTGGTG AGTACTCAAC CAAGTCATTC TGAGAATAGT GTATGCGGCG AC -#CGAGTTGC 5160 - - TCTTGCCCGG CGTCAATACG GGATAATACC GCGCCACATA GCAGAACTTT AA -#AAGTGCTC 5220 - - ATCATTGGAA AACGTTCTTC GGGGCGAAAA CTCTCAAGGA TCTTACCGCT GT -#TGAGATCC 5280 - - AGTTCGATGT AACCCACTCG TGCACCCAAC TGATCTTCAG CATCTTTTAC TT -#TCACCAGC 5340 - - GTTTCTGGGT GAGCAAAAAC AGGAAGGCAA AATGCCGCAA AAAAGGGAAT AA -#GGGCGACA 5400 - - CGGAAATGTT GAATACTCAT ACTCTTCCTT TTTCAATATT ATTGAAGCAT TT -#ATCAGGGT 5460 - - TATTGTCTCA TGAGCGGATA CATATTTGAA TGTATTTAGA AAAATAAACA AA -#TAGGGGTT 5520 - - CCGCGCACAT TTCCCCGAAA AGTGCCACCT GACGTCTAAG AAACCATTAT TA -#TCATGACA 5580 - - TTAACCTATA AAAATAGGCG TATCACGAGG CCCTTTCGTC - # - # 5620 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 4: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 21 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide MDB80 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..21 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= MDB80 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as MDB80" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #4: - - CCGCTTGTCA GTGAATGTTG C - # - # - #21 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 5: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 21 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide MDB81 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..21 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= MDB81 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as MDB81" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #5: - - CGAGGCCAT GGTTGCCGCC G - # - # - #21 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 6: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 21 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide MDB82 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..21 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= MDB82 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as MDB82" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #6: - - ACGCATAGGC ATAGGATGAC G - # - # - #21 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 7: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 3627 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Oryza sat - #iva (B) STRAIN: Akihikari - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..2845 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PT72 /note= - #"sequence comprising anther specific promoter - #PT72" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2733..2739 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TATA /note= - #"TATA Box" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2765 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/note= "transcription initiation determined - #by primer extension" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2846..2848 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= ATG /note= - #"ATG start of translation of rice T72 gene" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #7: - - GACAATACAT CAAGTAAATC AAACATTACA AATCAGAACC TGTCTAAGAA TC -#CATCTTAA 60 - - TTCAGAAAAA AACTCAGATT AGATGTTCAT GCTTCCACCA GAAGCAGGAA TG -#TGCAACCT 120 - - ACACTTCCTG TAATTTCCAT ACTACAATGT CCCCACTGAC CACTGTGCCT GA -#TGCTCTAT 180 - - TAGAATACCA CATCCTCCAT GGCTCCATGT AAATGCATAT AAATTTGACT CT -#TTAAATTA 240 - - GTAACTACAA TTTAAAATTT ATCGAACATT GTTCAAATTT ATAAACAGTT TC -#CCCAAATT 300 - - TAGATGCTCC CAAATGTACA CAGCTACTAG TAAAGCACCA TCCAGTTTCA CC -#TGAACAGG 360 - - ACTGACATAA ATGTGTGAAA AGGGGACGTC ATTCCCCCAA ATACAACTGA AC -#AATCCTCC 420 - - ATCAGAACAT TCATTTGATT GACATTACTC GGAGAGATAC AGCTCGCAGG CA -#CACGAGAT 480 - - TCTTCTGCCT TTCCAATTGC CACGAACCCA CATGTCACAC GACCAACCAA AA -#AGAGAGAA 540 - - TTTTTCTTTG CACAAACAAA AAGTGAGATT TTTTTTTCGC CACAAAGGTG CG -#AACTTTCT 600 - - TCTCTCTCCC ACTTTCCAAT CAAGAAACGA AGCACTCAAA CCAAGAACAA AC -#CAAGGAAG 660 - - GAGAGATCGC TCCCTCTCCC AGAGCAAACG AAAGGAGAGA ACTCAGATGG AT -#GCGAACTA 720 - - CTACCTTGCC TCTTTCCCCG GAGAAGCAGC GAAGGAGAAG AGCGCGATGC CG -#CCGCCGCC 780 - - GCCGCCTCCG GCAACCTCCG GCTCCGGCGA GTCCGCCTCC TCCTCCTCTC TC -#ACCTCTCT 840 - - CTTCCCAACC GTGTGGTGTT CGAGAAGCTT TTATGCGAGC GACGTGCAGT GG -#AAGCGGTT 900 - - GCTCCCAAGT CAAACTGATG GAGACCACCT ACTATCTTCC TCTTGTTTTC TT -#CTGCTTTT 960 - - CTTTTCTTTA TCTTTTTTCT TTCATTTTAT TTTGAGCGAT GAACTTGAGA AC -#AGTTTGGT 1020 - - TGTGGGTTAA ATTAAACGGT GCAGAATTGC AAAGCTACGT CCTTTTCGTC TG -#ATTAAGGT 1080 - - GGTATCAGAA TCCTAATCTG TTAGCTCAGC ATTTGTTTTT GTGTGTTTAA TT -#GGCCATGA 1140 - - CATCAGATGG TTCAGACCGG TGGCAGGTCT TCATCGGAGA GGAGAATGAG AG -#CAATGCAA 1200 - - GTTGCAAACA ACAAACAGGT CCTTCCAAAC GGGTTGGTTT CATTCCACAG AA -#CAGGATAG 1260 - - CAACCAGAGC ACAAACCGTT CAACAATATA TATATATATA TATATATATA TA -#TATATATA 1320 - - TATATATATA TATATATATG ATTTAAAATT ATATTACTAT TTTTAGGATA CG -#GAACTCTT 1380 - - AACACATGAA AATCTAAACA TTTTCAACCA ATCAGAACTA CTAGAAAGAT AA -#TCTAACTA 1440 - - CTTCAAAATT TAAAATTTGA CAAATAAAAT AACTAGTTTT TTCTAAAGCT AT -#CTTCACTG 1500 - - GACAACTTAT GAATATTTAT ATTTATGAAG CGAGTACTCT CCTAGTACAT AT -#TACATATA 1560 - - TATTCTTCTT CTCATGAAAA ATTAACTTCT CGCTATAAAT CCGAACATAT AT -#TATGCGTA 1620 - - GCAAGTTGTT TTTTTTAACG GGTGGAGTAA TATTAGAGTA TTTAAATTCC TT -#CAAATTGC 1680 - - CATCCCTCTG GGACTTTGCT GCTGTTGTTC TTCCACGGTT GCTGTCAGTG TC -#ACCCAGAT 1740 - - TTGCATCCTT TCCAGCTCGT AGCTACTGTT CTGCATGTAT TGGACTTGGA TT -#AAGATCAA 1800 - - ATGCAGTTGC TATTGTAACT GCACAATAGC AACTGCACAC AATCATGTCC AT -#TCGTTTTC 1860 - - AGATCCAACG GCTCTAGATG ACTGCTACAG TACATGCATA ATAGTACATC TC -#TGCTACAG 1920 - - TGTTTTTGCT GCAGTACCAC TTCATATCCT GGCCTTCCGT TCTAGATCAT GT -#GATGTACA 1980 - - TGTTTTTTTG AAACAACCCG CACAAGACAT TGATAGAGTA GGAAATGTGA TG -#TACATGTT 2040 - - AACGGCTTAA GTTACAGTTA CAATAACAAC TGCACAGGAT CTTGATCCAT TG -#GACTTGTA 2100 - - TAATATCTCA TCTCGTCGTT CCATTATCGT GGTAACAGTT GGCAACTTGG CA -#TCCAGTGC 2160 - - TGGAAACTAT GCCGTGTGTA CATCAGGATC GTCCTTTTTG TTCAGTTCCA AG -#ATAGAACA 2220 - - AGTCCAAAAG ATGGCCGTAG TTTTTTTAGT CACAGTGGAA GCTGACATAG CC -#GTGGAATA 2280 - - AGTTCTGCAC AAAAGTTGCC ATTCGAGATC AACTACTGGT AGTAGTAGTC AT -#CTTCTACC 2340 - - ACTGCGAATA TTCGAAGGGA CACAAAAAGA TCAACGAGTA AATTAGTTCA CC -#GGAAGACG 2400 - - ACACATTATC ACCACAAAAA GACTAAAAAC AAAAAGAAAT TGCCAGGCCA AA -#AAAGGCAA 2460 - - AAAAGAAAAA AAAAGATGGC ACGAGGCCCA GGGCTACGGC CCATCTTGTC GC -#CGGCCCAA 2520 - - CCGCGCGCGC GAAACGCTCT CGTCGGCTCT CGGCTCGCCG CGACGCGATG GA -#GAGTTCGC 2580 - - GCCGCGGCGC GCGCGCGCGT TCGGTGGCTC ACACGCTTGC GCCCTCGTCC TC -#CCGGCCGG 2640 - - CGCGGGCGCC GACCGCGCGT CCGCCGCATG CGCGCGGCGT AGGTGAGCAA CG -#CGGGCCTC 2700 - - GCCGCGCGCG CTCCCCTCCT TCGATCCCCT CCTATAAATC GAGCTCGCGT CG -#CGTATCGC 2760 - - CACCACCACC ACGACACACA CGCACGCACC GTGCAGGCAT CGACGACGAG CG -#AGAGCCCC 2820 - - TCGGCGGCAG AAGACACTCA CGGCGATGGC GGTGACGAGG ACGGCGCTGC TG -#GTGGTGTT 2880 - - GGTAGCGGGG GCGATGACGA TGACGATGCG CGGGGCGGAG GCGCAGCAGC CG -#AGCTGCGC 2940 - - GGCGCAGCTC ACGCAGCTGG CGCCGTGCGC GCGAGTCGGC GTGGCGCCGG CG -#CCGGGGCA 3000 - - GCCGCTGCCG GCGCCCCCGG CGGAGTGCTG CTCGGCGCTG GGCGCCGTGT CG -#CACGACTG 3060 - - CGCCTGCGGC ACGCTCGACA TCATCAACAG CCTCCCCGCC AAGTGCGGCC TC -#CCGCGCGT 3120 - - CACCTGCCGT AAGAAAACGA ATAAAATCGA TTTGCTATCT ATCGATGATT GT -#GTTTTTGT 3180 - - AGACTAAACT AAACCCCTAT TAATAATCAA CTAACCGATG AACTGATCGT TG -#CAGAGTGA 3240 - - TGGAGATGGT GTGCCAAGGT AATTGCGTTT GCTCGTGCGA GGATGAGAAG AG -#AAGATTGA 3300 - - ATAAGATGTT TGATGGCAAC AAGTCATCAG GCGATCCGAT CCCTGCAGCT AT -#GAATGGGA 3360 - - GTATACGTAG TAGTGGTCTC GTTAGCATCT GTGTGTCGCA TATGCACGCC GT -#GCGTGCCG 3420 - - TGTCTGTCCT GCTTGCTCTG CTGATCGTTC AATGAACGAC AAATTAATCT AA -#CTCTGGAG 3480 - - TGACAAGTCG TTCGAGATAT ACTAATACTA CCATGTGCAG GGTCTTTCAA CC -#AAGGTTCA 3540 - - TGTTTTCCAC GAAAGCCGAT TGAAACGAAA CCGCGAAATT TTGATGCGAG AT -#GAAAGCAG 3600 - - ATTCCGAGTG AAATTTTAAA TGGTTTT - # - # 3627 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 8: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 2370 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Oryza sat - #iva (B) STRAIN: Akihikari - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..1808 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PT42 /note= - #"sequence comprising anther specific promoter - #PT42" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1748..1755 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TATA /note= - #"TATA Box" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1780 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/note= "transcription initiation site dete - #rmined by primer extension" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1809 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= ATG /note= - #"ATG start of translation of rice T42 gene" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #8: - - GGCCATCACT GTCGGGTGCT GCGCCATGGA CATCACCGTC TCCTTCCTGC GC -#CGCCGTCG 60 - - CCGGTGAGCT CCAAGGCCGA AGCCTTCTTC CCCTCACGCC ACTACCTCTC TC -#TTCCCCAA 120 - - TTCCGGCCAA CGCCGTCCGT TGCCACAGCG CCACCTCCAC GCCATCCCAG AG -#CCCCGTGC 180 - - CGTGCCACCG GGTTCGCCTC CATCTCCTCT TGCCAACGCC GACGCTCGTC GC -#GGCAGCCA 240 - - TGCGCTGTCA CCGATGAACA CCGCCGCGCC ACAGCCATGG CAGAGCACGG CC -#AGGGAGCC 300 - - ATGGCTGCTC TGCCTCCTCC TCCTTCTCTC ACATCTGGTT GCAGCCGGAC CT -#AGTCGGCT 360 - - TATACAAATG GCCCATGGGC AAAATTGTCT TTTATGAAAG TTTCTCTCAC CG -#TTTCAGTC 420 - - GGAAATAATA AAATAATGGG AGGATTGTCC GCCAGCAAAT TACCATATTT TT -#TCGGTGTC 480 - - CAAGAGCAAA TACACGATCT TCGGGTGTTT CACAGCAAAG ACCACAATTT CT -#AAGTGTCC 540 - - TGTAACAAAT TTTGCCAATA AAAATTTAAA ACCAAAGGAG AAGACTGTAC AT -#GAAGAAAA 600 - - ACAAAGAGAA TGAAATTACA TAAGCTCAGG GGTTATAAAG TTGATTTATT TT -#TAGGATGA 660 - - AGGAAGTGTG TGAAAACAAT GGCCAATTGG GTGTCGGAAA ATATAACGTG CT -#TGCTAAAA 720 - - TGTCGTCCCC ATATCCTGTA GCTGATTATA GATAGACCCT GATGGTCAAG AT -#GCCCTGTA 780 - - CTGGATCGTG TTTCCATGCT TCATCTCCGC TTCTCTCAAG TACTCCCCGA AC -#TCACATAT 840 - - CTGGTGGGCT GGATCCACAG TAAGAAACAG TCAAACAACA CTCACTTCAT AG -#ATAACCAA 900 - - TTGTTTAATT ATTCTTAGTC CCTTATCTTA TACTCCTAGT AAGTGCTTAA AA -#ACTTGGTA 960 - - TAAATATCAA ATTTATCGTA CAATTACAAT ATAATTATAA CGTATACCAT GT -#AATTTTTA 1020 - - AAACTATTTT TAGATAAAAA AAATATGGTG ATGAGCAGCC GCAGCAGCGG AC -#GCCGAACC 1080 - - ACCTGCCGAA CATCACCAAG ATAGCGAGTC CTAAAAATTT TTAGTGTTCG TT -#TGCTGGGT 1140 - - TGGTAACTAA TTAAAAAAAA AGAGCGACTC ATTAGCTCAT AAATAATTAC GT -#ATTAGCTA 1200 - - ATTTTTTTAA AAAATAAATT AATATAACTT ATAAAGCAGC TTTTGTATAA TT -#TTTTTTTT 1260 - - AAAAAAGTGT TGTTTAGCAG TTTTGGGAAG TGTGCCGAGG GAAAACGATG AG -#ATGGGTTG 1320 - - GGGAAGGAGG GGGAAGAAGT GAAGAACACA GCAAATATAG GCAGCATCGT CC -#CGTACAGA 1380 - - TCAGGCTGCA ACCACGCCCC GCGGAGATAG TTAACGCGGC CCACGTTGTG CT -#ATAGCCCG 1440 - - TCACTCTCGC GGGCCTCTCC AACCTCCAGT TTTTTTTCTA GCCCATCAGC TG -#ATACGGGG 1500 - - CCTTCCCCCC ATGCAGGAGG ATGGCCCGCC ACGCGGTGTT TTGGGCCGTT CT -#CGCCGCGC 1560 - - GCGCCCGTGC CGATCCGGGA CTCATCCCAC GTGCCGCCTC GCCACCGCCG CC -#GCCGCCGC 1620 - - TGCTGCTCCG GCTGCCGGCT GGACCTTCAC GCTCACGCGC TCTCCCCTGC CC -#AACCACCA 1680 - - CGCAAACAAA CACGAAGTTC GCGCCGTCGA CCGGCTCCCC TCCTCCCCCG CG -#CGCATCGG 1740 - - ATCCCCCTAC ATAAACCCTC TCGCTCGCCA TCGCCATGGC AGCAACTCCC CT -#CCTCCACT 1800 - - AGACCACCAT GCACAGATCG ATGGCCTCTC AGGCGGTGGC GCCCCTCCTC CT -#CATCCTCA 1860 - - TGCTCGCGGC GGCGGCGGGG GGCGCGTCGG CGGCGGTGCA GTGCGGGCAG GT -#GATGCAGC 1920 - - TGATGGCGCC GTGCATGCCG TACCTCGCCG GCGCCCCCGG GATGACGCCC TA -#CGGCATCT 1980 - - GCTGCGACAG CCTCGGCGTG CTCAACCGGA TGGCCCCGGC CCCCGCCGAC CG -#CGTCGCCG 2040 - - TCTGCAACTG CGTCAAGGAC GCCGCCGCCG GCTTCCCCGC CGTCGACTTC TC -#CCGCGCCT 2100 - - CCGCCCTCCC CGCCGCCTGC GGCCTCTCCA TCAGCTTCAC CATCGCCCCC AA -#CATGGACT 2160 - - GCAACCAGTA AGTTCATTCA TTCTTTCTTA ACTCCAATTC AATTTATCCA TC -#ACCTCGAC 2220 - - TTAAGCCTGA TTAAACTTAA CTTGTTCTTT GCATGCTTGC ACTATTGCAG GG -#TTACAGAG 2280 - - GAACTGAGAA TCTGAGAGCG TGAGGAATCG AGTTCATGTT GCATTTATCA TC -#AATCATCA 2340 - - TCGACTAGAT CAATAAATCG AGCAAAGCTT - # - # 2370 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 9: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 2407 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Oryza sat - #iva (B) STRAIN: Akihikari - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..2263 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PE1 /note= - #"sequence comprising anther specific promoter - #PE1" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2181..2187 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TATA /note= - #"TATA Box" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2211 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/note= "transcription initiation site dete - #rmined by primer extension" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2264..2266 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= ATG /note= - #"ATG start of translation of E1 gene" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #9: - - TGATAGTGAC ATACTCACAT GCTTTGTCAA TTCAAGTATC AGTTCTTTTC AT -#ATTGATTT 60 - - CTTAGTTGAT GAAAGTATAC ATATTTCTTG CCATCAATTC TTTTAGTAGG TA -#CATTTGGA 120 - - CACTAGTGGT CAGGGTTGAA CTCTTAACTG GAGTCTCATC TGATTTGCTT AT -#CTGAGACT 180 - - GGGTTTGTGC AAATCCTGTC ATGAGGCAAG GTGGACTGTC AGTCCATGAC AC -#TTTGCTAC 240 - - TTCTATTAAG TTCTCGAAAT CTTTTCCAGT GTATGTCCGT TCTCTTTCAA AT -#GAATTATT 300 - - TATATGTTCT GACAGCCTCG CGGTGTACAT TTCATTTAAC TTTTGTCTTC AC -#AGGGCCTC 360 - - TTGGTATTTT GTTGAGCAGA TTGGAATCAA CCTTCTTGTA GAACTTCTTG AT -#GTCGTCGC 420 - - TACCCTTTGC AACTAGATGG TCAACTTCTG TCTTATATCT TTGGTACAAC AC -#TGGCAAAG 480 - - TGTGCGCGCA CAAGAATCCT GTGAAGTAAG AAATACAAAC TTGTCATTGT GA -#AAGTTTAG 540 - - CTTTATATGA TCTTGACTCT AAATTGTTTC TCCTCAGATC CTTCTGTGTG AT -#TGTTTTAT 600 - - TAAAATTTAA TATTTATCTG GAATACCTAC CAATATATAG TAGACTTGTC AA -#GCTGCAAG 660 - - AACTTCCAAT CGCCGACAAT ACCAATAGAG ATCCAACCAC CTTAATATCA TA -#AACAATCT 720 - - GATTGTTAGT CCAGAACTAT ATTGAGTAGT GAACAACAAT AGCACATTAA CA -#TTATGAGG 780 - - ATTATTGGCT AACTCTGCAA TTCAATATTC TGATGCGTCT AATCTGGTCA AT -#TTTAGCGC 840 - - TCCAGAAAGA ATTGCACAAT CCTTGGACAA TGTTGGCACT GGAACTGTTG CA -#TGTTTTTA 900 - - CATCTCTTAT TAACGTAGCA AAGGAGTAGA TTATTATGTA CCAGGAGAAA TC -#TCTTCAGA 960 - - TCCTTTCCAC ATGCAATGTC GTAAAGAACA GATACAGTGT ACGTTAGTTT GT -#AATGGACG 1020 - - GTCAATGCCA TTTCTCTGAA GGCATGTTCA GAGATGATGA TTTCTGGGAT CC -#TTGGAGGG 1080 - - GCCCTGAAAT TCGGAAACAG TTAGTTGAGT TTTAGTACCT AATGTCTTGC GT -#TATACTAC 1140 - - GTGAAATGCC ATTTCTGTAA GCTGAGTTTT CTACCATCTC CACAGGAAAT AA -#AGCTAATA 1200 - - CCTGTCCAAG AGTGGTGCGG CATTTGACCA AATGAAGATC ACAAGCATGG CA -#AGAATGGC 1260 - - AATCTGGCAA AGGAGCGGAA TTATATTGTA TTCTACTACA TCGAACAGGA AC -#CATATCAA 1320 - - TGTTGCCCCA GCAAGGACCC CCGCAGATAA GTTCCTGTTC TTCCACAGCA GA -#ATATCCGC 1380 - - AACTGCATAG CTCCCAACAA TGAAATCCAA AACCACATCG GCTCAGAGAG AA -#GTTATGAT 1440 - - AAAAGGCACT AATTCTGAAT AATTTCCTAG AAAGCGAATA ATAATAGCAC AC -#CTTGACCT 1500 - - CCACCAAGAA GCTTGTGGAT CGACTTGTGC CCATGAAATG GCATTCTGAC AT -#TCTGGTCA 1560 - - CTGTCAGAAT CTCTCGGAAA ATGAGGAGGC ATAGCTTCGT GTGTGTATGT GT -#GTGGGATA 1620 - - TTACGCTGCT AAAACTTTGT GTTTCTGATC GATCTGGTTA GAGAGCATCG TC -#TTTATAAG 1680 - - CACTTAAAAA TGGTAGTATA ATCTCTCAAG GAGCCTATAC TGCCAAGGAA AG -#GATAGCTT 1740 - - GGCCTGTGGG GATTGAGCCG TTGAAGGGAA CAAACGAATA CAGTTACCTT AC -#CAGATGTT 1800 - - TGCCACGACA TGGGCAACGT CATTGCTAGA CCAAGAAGGC AAGAAGCAAA GT -#TTAGCTGT 1860 - - CAAAAAAGAT ATGCTAGAGG CTTTCCAGAA TATGTTCTAT CTCAGCCAGA CC -#AATGGGGG 1920 - - CAAAATTTAC TACTATTTGC CATACATTAA CCACGTAAAA GTCCTACACT CA -#ACCTAACT 1980 - - GTTGAACGGT CCTGTTCTGG CCAACGGTGA GAATGCACCT AATGGACGGG AC -#AACACTTC 2040 - - TTTCACCGTG CTACTGCTAC ATCCTGTAGA CGGTGGACGC GTGAGGTGCT TT -#CGCCATGA 2100 - - CCGTCCTTGG TTGTTGCAGT CACTTGCGCA CGCTTGCACC GTGACTCACC TG -#CCACATTG 2160 - - CCCCCGCCGT CGCCGGCGCC TACAAAAGCC ACACACGCAC GCCGGCCACG AT -#AACCCATC 2220 - - CTAGCATCCC GGTGTCCAGC AAGAGATCCA TCAAGCCGTC GCGATGACGA CG -#AGGCCTTC 2280 - - TGTTTTTTCC ACCGTTGTCG CGGCGATCGC CATCGCCGCG CTGCTGAGCA GC -#CTCCTCCT 2340 - - CCTGCAGGCT ACCCCGGCCG CGGCCAGCGC GAGGGCCTCG AAGAAGGCTT CG -#TGCGACCT 2400 - - GATGCAG - # - #- # 2407 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 10: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 2784 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Zea mays - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..1179 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PCA55 /note= - #"region comprising the anther specific promoter - #and the leader sequence, PCA55" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1072 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TATA /note= - #"TATA Box" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1180..1596 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/note= "presumed coding sequence of corn CA55 - # gene" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #10: - - TGGTATGCAT CAATAGAGCC GGAAGATGGT CTGGAGTAAG GACCTGGCAG TG -#TGATACGG 60 - - GAACTTGACA TCTGAATAGA TATTCTCCCT TGTCCCTCTG GTAAAAAAAA CT -#GTTGTCAC 120 - - ATTTGCCTTC GCTGTGACTT GGATGTATCA TGTATATCTT TGACCATTGA TA -#TCTTGGTT 180 - - AATCAGACGG TGCATTACAA TCATGGCCTC ATTCATATAG GGTTTAGGGT TA -#CCACGATT 240 - - GGTTTGCATA AGTAGTACCC CTCCGTTTCA AATTATGTCG TATTTTGATT TT -#TTAGATAC 300 - - ACTTTTTATA TAATTTTTTA TTTTAAATTA GGTGTTTTAT ATAATACGTA TC -#TAAGTGTA 360 - - TAATAAAATA TATGTATCTA AAAGCTGTAA TTTAGTATAA ATTAGAATGG TG -#TATATCTT 420 - - CAATGTATGA CAAATAATTT GAAATGGAGG AGGGTATGAA AAGCCAAAAC CT -#CCTAGAAT 480 - - ATGGAATGGA GGGAATACAT ACAAATTCTT TGCTTCAGTT AAAAGAAACG AG -#AAAAGGAG 540 - - GGGAATGGGG AATCGTACTT CAGTTTTTAC GAGTTTTCAT CAAACATGTA TG -#CACGTCTT 600 - - CCCTTGGTTG ATGCATCTTT TTGGCAAATC TTCGTTTAAT TGCGGCTTCT TT -#TTTATACC 660 - - GTTCGAAGGT TTTCGTCGTC AATGCTGAAA CTCCACTTTC ACCACCTTCG GT -#TGCATCTG 720 - - CTTGCTTTCA ATTCACCTCT AATTAGTCCA AGTGTTTCAT TGGACGAAGG TC -#CAAGTCCT 780 - - TCAGATCATC TCAATTTTCT TTGATCTGAA ACAACAATTT AAAACTGATT TT -#GTTACCTT 840 - - GACCTGTCGA AGACCTTCGA ACGAACGGTA CTGTAAAAAT ACTGTACCTC AG -#ATTTGTGA 900 - - TTTCAATTCG ATTCGGGTCT CCTGGCTGGA TGAAACCAAT GCGAGAGAAG AA -#GAAAAAAT 960 - - GTTGCATTAC GCTCACTCGA TCGGTTACGA GCACGTAGTT GGCGCCTGTC AC -#CCAACCAA 1020 - - ACCAGTAGTT GAGGCACGCC CTGTTTGCTC ACGATCACGA ACGTACAGCA CT -#ATAAAACA 1080 - - CGCAGGGACT GGAAAGCGAG ATTTCACAGC TCAAAGCAGC CAAAACGCAG AA -#GCTGCACT 1140 - - GCATATACAG AAGATACATC GAGCTAACTA GCTGCAGCGA TGTCTCGCTC CT -#GCTGCGTC 1200 - - GCCGTGTCGG TGCTTCTCGC TGTCGCCGCG ACAGCCAGCG CCACCGCGCC GG -#CATGGCTG 1260 - - CACGAGGAGC AGCACCTCGA GGAGGCCATG GCCACGGGCC CGCTGGTCGC AG -#AGGGTGCG 1320 - - AGGGTGGCGC CCTCCGCGTC CACCTGGGCT GCCGACAAGG CGTCGCCGGC GA -#GGCCGAGC 1380 - - GGCGGCATGG CCACGCAGGG CGACGACCAG AGCTCGTCGG GCGGCAGTGG CA -#GCAGCGGT 1440 - - GAGCACGGCA AGGCGGAGGG CGAGAAGCAG GGCAAGAGCT GCCTCACCAA GG -#AGGAGTGC 1500 - - CACAAGAAGA AGATGATCTG TGGCAAGGGC TGCACGCTCT CGGCGCACAG CA -#AGTGCGCC 1560 - - GCCAAGTGCA CCAAGTCCTG TGTCCCCACC TGCTAGGAGC CGAGGCCGGA GC -#TTGCCGGC 1620 - - GGCGAGACCT CGATCGATCG AGTGCTTCAC TTCACTTCTT TGTTATAGTT CT -#TGTGTGTT 1680 - - GCCGTTGCGT TGCGTTGCGT AGACGAAGGG AATAAGGAAG GGTAATTGGA TT -#ACCTGTTC 1740 - - CAGATCTCTG TGTAAGCGTG TTGTCGTGAC AAGTCTTTTG ATCCAGAGCG AG -#GGATGGAT 1800 - - AGATCGCGCT CGCAGTTTTA ATTGCAATGC TAGTTCAATA TGTGTGCATC AT -#GTTGGCAA 1860 - - CTACATAGTC CAGATTCAAA CCGAGATCGC TGTTTAGCAT GCCAGCACAA TA -#ATAACGGT 1920 - - ACAATCATAT TATATTTTAT ACAAATGCAC AATTTATCTC TAGAGATGTC AA -#TGGGAAAT 1980 - - TCCTCATCGG GTTATATCAT CTCAGACTCA TCCCCATCAT ATTTGATTCA TC -#CTCATACT 2040 - - CATCCTCATA TCTATCATGA GTGCAAAACT CATTTCATAC CCATCTCTAT TT -#TGGTTTAG 2100 - - GGTCTCCATC CCTAATTAAG GGATAACTAG TACTAACAAC TAGCACAAAC TA -#TCTAGATT 2160 - - TCAGATATCA CCACATTGAC AAACAATCAT CCATGAACTA TGATCCATTC AT -#CCATCCAT 2220 - - CAAAAAATAA ATCGGTATTT CGAGAACGAT AGAAGAAATG AAGTCGGCTC AC -#CTTTCTTG 2280 - - GTCACCATTT GAGTTTGTTG GTGCCTGAGA ATCCATGGTC GTCATCGTCG TC -#CTAGGGAT 2340 - - CGGCGGTGCT CCTCGTTGTT GGTAAAGTCG CCAGTGTGTA GTGCTAGCGC AA -#CTGTCCAG 2400 - - GCGTGCAACG GTTGGCCGGC TGGAAAGGGC ATAGCGTATG GCTGGTTATT TT -#TAGGGTTT 2460 - - TGTTTTTTTA CTAATCTGCT AGTTGCCTTG CCATGTTGTC TTATTGGGCT AG -#GATCTAGG 2520 - - GCTTGTTACG CTGCTGTGTT GGGCTTGGTG TCCGGTTCAG CCTCAACTCA TT -#CATACAAA 2580 - - TCAGATTCAT ACAAAACAGG TATACACGTA TGAAATATCC ATGGATAATC AG -#GTTCGAAT 2640 - - TATTGTCCCC TAAACCCATA CACGTTTACC CAATGGATGG ATATTTTGTC TC -#ATATCCAT 2700 - - ACACATGAGA CGATTTTTGT CCCATACCTG TGCTCTAATA GGAGAATTTC TC -#TCGGGATA 2760 - - GCGAGTATCG GATCCTCTAG AGTC - # - # 2784 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 11: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 24 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide Zm13Oli2 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..24 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= Zm13Oli2 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as Zm13Oli2" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #11: - - GTGGATTGAA CGGGACTGAG TTGG - # - # 24 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 12: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 25 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide Zm13Oli1 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..25 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= Zm13Oli1 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as Zm13Oli1" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #12: - - AAGTCTCCAA GACTTTGGTT ATTCC - # - # 25 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 13: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 31 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: Oligonucleot - #ide Zm13Oli5 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..31 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= Zm13Oli5 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as Zm13Oli5" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #13: - - GGATCCATGG TTGCCGCCGG GTGAATGTAC G - # - # 31 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 14: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 24 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide BXOL2 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..24 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= BXOL2 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as BXOL2" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #14: - - ACGGAAAACC TGAAGCACAC TCTC - # - # 24 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 15: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 49 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide TA29SBXOL2 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..49 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TA29SBXOL2 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as TA29SBXOL2" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #15: - - GTTTTTACTT AAAGAAATTA GCTACCATGA AAAAAGCAGT CATTAACGG - # 49 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 16: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 27 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: single (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: oligonucleot - #ide PTA29OL5 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 1..27 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PTA29OL5 /note= - #"oligonucleotide designated as PTA29OL5" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #16: - - TGGCCATAAC TGAAATCAGG GTGAGAC - # - # 27 - - - - (2) INFORMATION FOR SEQ ID NO: 17: - - (i) SEQUENCE CHARACTERISTICS: (A) LENGTH: 4808 base - #pairs (B) TYPE: nucleic acid (C) STRANDEDNESS: double (D) TOPOLOGY: linear - - (ii) MOLECULE TYPE: DNA (genomic) - - (iii) HYPOTHETICAL: NO - - (iii) ANTI-SENSE: NO - - (vi) ORIGINAL SOURCE: (A) ORGANISM: EcoRI-HindII - #I fragment of plasmid pTS218 - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(18..401) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos /note= - #"3' regulatory sequence containing the polyadenylat - #ion site derived from Agrobacterium T-DNA nop - #aline synthase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(402..737) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= barnase /note= - #"coding region of the barnase gene of Bacillus - #amyloliquefaciens" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(738..1944) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PZM13 /note= - #"promoter region of the Zm13 gene of Zea mays" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(1945..2281) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(2282..2554) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= barstar /note= - #"coding region of the barstar gene of Bacillus - #amyloliquefaciens" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(2555..3099) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PTA29 /note= - #"promoter region of the TA29 gene of Nicotiana - #tabacum" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 3100..3932 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 35S3 /note= - #""35S3" promoter sequence derived from cauliflower - #mosaic virus isolate CabbB-JI" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 3933..4484 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= bar /note= - #"coding region of the phosphinothricin acetyltransf - #erase gene" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 4485..4763 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= 3'nos - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: 2333..2356 (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= BXOL2 /note= - #"region corresponding to oligonucleotide BXOL2" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(2538..2586) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= TA29SBXOL2 /note= - #"region complementary to oligonucleotide TA29SBXOL2" - - (ix) FEATURE: (A) NAME/KEY: - (B) LOCATION: complement - #(2800..2823) (D) OTHER INFORMATION: - #/label= PTA29OL5 /note= - #"region complementary to part of oligonucleot - #ide PTA29OL5" - - (xi) SEQUENCE DESCRIPTION: SEQ ID NO: - #17: - - GAATTCGAGC TCGGTACCCG GGGATCTTCC CGATCTAGTA ACATAGATGA CA -#CCGCGCGC 60 - - GATAATTTAT CCTAGTTTGC GCGCTATATT TTGTTTTCTA TCGCGTATTA AA -#TGTATAAT 120 - - TGCGGGACTC TAATCATAAA AACCCATCTC ATAAATAACG TCATGCATTA CA -#TGTTAATT 180 - - ATTACATGCT TAACGTAATT CAACAGAAAT TATATGATAA TCATCGCAAG AC -#CGGCAACA 240 - - GGATTCAATC TTAAGAAACT TTATTGCCAA ATGTTTGAAC GATCTGCTTC GG -#ATCCTCTA 300 - - GAGNNNNCCG GAAAGTGAAA TTGACCGATC AGAGTTTGAA GAAAAATTTA TT -#ACACACTT 360 - - TATGTAAAGC TGAAAAAAAC GGCCTCCGCA GGAAGCCGTT TTTTTCGTTA TC -#TGATTTTT 420 - - GTAAAGGTCT GATAATGGTC CGTTGTTTTG TAAATCAGCC AGTCGCTTGA GT -#AAAGAATC 480 - - CGGTCTGAAT TTCTGAAGCC TGATGTATAG TTAATATCCG CTTCACGCCA TG -#TTCGTCCG 540 - - CTTTTGCCCG GGAGTTTGCC TTCCCTGTTT GAGAAGATGT CTCCGCCGAT GC -#TTTTCCCC 600 - - GGAGCGACGT CTGCAAGGTT CCCTTTTGAT GCCACCCAGC CGAGGGCTTG TG -#CTTCTGAT 660 - - TTTGTAATGT AATTATCAGG TAGCTTATGA TATGTCTGAA GATAATCCGC AA -#CCCCGTCA 720 - - AACGTGTTGA TAACCGGTAC CATGGTTGCC GCCGGGTGAA TGTACGTGTT TT -#CCCCTCCC 780 - - CCCTTGTGGA TGTCGGAGGA AAAGGGCGGG ACCTTTCCTT ATTATTTGTG TG -#AGGGAGGG 840 - - AGGGTGAGAC GAGGGTGGCA AATCTGGCCT GGTTTCGTAA CGCAGCCTGT GG -#TGTCCTTA 900 - - AATAATCTGC GAGACCCGAA GATTTGTCTG GCTGCCCGTA GAAATAGTGG CC -#GACGGCCA 960 - - GAAAGCCGTT TTGACCTAGT TTTGTGGCAT GGGGAGGTGA AAAATATGTC GA -#ATTTGGTT 1020 - - GAGTTTTTCA GCGGTCCACA AAAGTTGGAT TTGCGACTTC TAATCTTCTA TG -#CTGCTATG 1080 - - TAAAACTAAA TAAGACGCGC TCAACAAAAC GGTATCAGTT AAATGTATCC AT -#AAGTGAAT 1140 - - AGTATATAGA ATCACTAAAT GGCAGCTTCT CATATTTAGC ATAGTACTTG GA -#CAAATGTC 1200 - - ACGCAAGATG TATTATAAAA ACACATCGGT GTTGAGTGTT GATACAATAA AA -#TCTCAATA 1260 - - GTTGTTTTAA TCTCAATCCA TGTGGATTGA ACGGGACTGA GTTGGTTTAA AT -#CCCTAGTA 1320 - - AGTCAAAATT ATTTCTAATT TTATCTAAAT CTCATCTAAT CCACGTGGAA TA -#GGAATAAC 1380 - - CAAACTGTTG GAGACTTGTT CTCAAGTGCT ATGAGTTAAG AACAAGGCAA CA -#TAGAAAAT 1440 - - ATTAATCGTT AAGGTCCTTC GTCCTTCGAA GCATTATTTC CCTTAGGATA TA -#ATGGTTTA 1500 - - CGGACGAAGG TTATGAAGGA CGTACCTTCA TAAATTCATT AAACAATGAC GA -#AGGATGAA 1560 - - ATATAAAGAA TATAAAAGAC AACATGAACA ATTATATATT ATTATTAGGT AC -#AAACAGAA 1620 - - ATATCGTTGA ATTACAAGTG TACCTTCAAT AGGAATGAGA TGACAGTACA AG -#CGTGACGC 1680 - - AAAAAGCGAA TGCCAAGTCA GCGTGAACAG TACGGGAATA CTGTTCACCT AT -#TTATAGGC 1740 - - ACGGGACGTA GCCTGTGCAA AATTACATTA ATGCCCTTTA CACTTAATAA TA -#AACCTATA 1800 - - GTAATCTGTT GAGGTCTAAA TAGCCTTTTC ATCTTTAAGT CGGTTTCAAC TG -#CTGCTGTC 1860 - - TTGCCGAAGC TTTCCTGCTT ACACCTTAGG CGCTTCACCA ACCTTCGTAT TA -#TTCTGGTC 1920 - - TACTGTGATG CCTGACTTGA GTCCGAAGAT GGGGATCTTC CCGATCTAGT AA -#CATAGATG 1980 - - ACACCGCGCG CGATAATTTA TCCTAGTTTG CGCGCTATAT TTTGTTTTCT AT -#CGCGTATT 2040 - - AAATGTATAA TTGCGGGACT CTAATCATAA AAACCCATCT CATAAATAAC GT -#CATGCATT 2100 - - ACATGTTAAT TATTACATGC TTAACGTAAT TCAACAGAAA TTATATGATA AT -#CATCGCAA 2160 - - GACCGGCAAC AGGATTCAAT CTTAAGAAAC TTTATTGCCA AATGTTTGAA CG -#ATCTGCTT 2220 - - CGGATCCTCT AGACCAAGCT AGCTTGCGGG TTTGTGTTTC CATATTGTTC AT -#CTCCCATT 2280 - - GATCGTATTA AGAAAGTATG ATGGTGATGT CGCAGCCTTC CGCTTTCGCT TC -#ACGGAAAA 2340 - - CCTGAAGCAC ACTCTCGGCG CCATTTTCAG TCAGCTGCTT GCTTTGTTCA AA -#CTGCCTCC 2400 - - ATTCCAAAAC GAGCGGGTAC TCCACCCATC CGGTCAGACA ATCCCATAAA GC -#GTCCAGGT 2460 - - TTTCACCGTA GTATTCCGGA AGGGCAAGCT CCTTTTTCAA TGTCTGGTGG AG -#GTCGCTGA 2520 - - TACTTCTGAT TTGTTCCCCG TTAATGACTG CTTTTTTCAT GGTAGCTAAT TT -#CTTTAAGT 2580 - - AAAAACTTTG ATTTGAGTGA TGATGTTGTA CTGTTACACT TGCACCACAA GG -#GCATATAT 2640 - - AGAGCACAAG ACATACACAA CAACTTGCAA AACTAACTTT TGTTGGAGCA TT -#TCGAGGAA 2700 - - AATGGGGAGT AGCAGGCTAA TCTGAGGGTA ACATTAAGGT TTCATGTATT AA -#TTTGTTGC 2760 - - AAACATGGAC TTAGTGTGAG GAAAAAGTAC CAAAATTTTG TCTCACCCTG AT -#TTCAGTTA 2820 - - TGGAAATTAC ATTATGAAGC TGTGCTAGAG AAGATGTTTA TTCTAGTCCA GC -#CACCCACC 2880 - - TTATGCAAGT CTGCTTTTAG CTTGATTCAA AAACTGATTT AATTTACATT GC -#TAAATGTG 2940 - - CATACTTCGA GCCTATGTCG CTTTAATTCG AGTAGGATGT ATATATTAGT AC -#ATAAAAAA 3000 - - TCATGTTTGA ATCATCTTTC ATAAAGTGAC AAGTCAATTG TCCCTTCTTG TT -#TGGCACTA 3060 - - TATTCAATCT GTTAATGCAA ATTATCCAGT TATACTTAGC TAGATCCTAC GC -#AGCAGGTC 3120 - - TCATCAAGAC GATCTACCCG AGTAACAATC TCCAGGAGAT CAAATACCTT CC -#CAAGAAGG 3180 - - TTAAAGATGC AGTCAAAAGA TTCAGGACTA ATTGCATCAA GAACACAGAG AA -#AGACATAT 3240 - - TTCTCAAGAT CAGAAGTACT ATTCCAGTAT GGACGATTCA AGGCTTGCTT CA -#TAAACCAA 3300 - - GGCAAGTAAT AGAGATTGGA GTCTCTAAAA AGGTAGTTCC TACTGAATCT AA -#GGCCATGC 3360 - - ATGGAGTCTA AGATTCAAAT CGAGGATCTA ACAGAACTCG CCGTGAAGAC TG -#GCGAACAG 3420 - - TTCATACAGA GTCTTTTACG ACTCAATGAC AAGAAGAAAA TCTTCGTCAA CA -#TGGTGGAG 3480 - - CACGACACTC TGGTCTACTC CAAAAATGTC AAAGATACAG TCTCAGAAGA CC -#AAAGGGCT 3540 - - ATTGAGACTT TTCAACAAAG GATAATTTCG GGAAACCTCC TCGGATTCCA TT -#GCCCAGCT 3600 - - ATCTGTCACT TCATCGAAAG GACAGTAGAA AAGGAAGGTG GCTCCTACAA AT -#GCCATCAT 3660 - - TGCGATAAAG GAAAGGCTAT CATTCAAGAT GCCTCTGCCG ACAGTGGTCC CA -#AAGATGGA 3720 - - CCCCCACCCA CGAGGAGCAT CGTGGAAAAA GAAGACGTTC CAACCACGTC TT -#CAAAGCAA 3780 - - GTGGATTGAT GTGACATCTC CACTGACGTA AGGGATGACG CACAATCCCA CT -#ATCCTTCG 3840 - - CAAGACCCTT CCTCTATATA AGGAAGTTCA TTTCATTTGG AGAGGACACG CT -#GAAATCAC 3900 - - CAGTCTCTCT CTATAAATCT ATCTCTCTCT CTATAACCAT GGACCCAGAA CG -#ACGCCCGG 3960 - - CCGACATCCG CCGTGCCACC GAGGCGGACA TGCCGGCGGT CTGCACCATC GT -#CAACCACT 4020 - - ACATCGAGAC AAGCACGGTC AACTTCCGTA CCGAGCCGCA GGAACCGCAG GA -#GTGGACGG 4080 - - ACGACCTCGT CCGTCTGCGG GAGCGCTATC CCTGGCTCGT CGCCGAGGTG GA -#CGGCGAGG 4140 - - TCGCCGGCAT CGCCTACGCG GGCCCCTGGA AGGCACGCAA CGCCTACGAC TG -#GACGGCCG 4200 - - AGTCGACCGT GTACGTCTCC CCCCGCCACC AGCGGACGGG ACTGGGCTCC AC -#GCTCTACA 4260 - - CCCACCTGCT GAAGTCCCTG GAGGCACAGG GCTTCAAGAG CGTGGTCGCT GT -#CATCGGGC 4320 - - TGCCCAACGA CCCGAGCGTG CGCATGCACG AGGCGCTCGG ATATGCCCCC CG -#CGGCATGC 4380 - - TGCGGGCGGC CGGCTTCAAG CACGGGAACT GGCATGACGT GGGTTTCTGG CA -#GCTGGACT 4440 - - TCAGCCTGCC GGTACCGCCC CGTCCGGTCC TGCCCGTCAC CGAGATCTGA TC -#TCACGCGT 4500 - - CTAGGATCCG AAGCAGATCG TTCAAACATT TGGCAATAAA GTTTCTTAAG AT -#TGAATCCT 4560 - - GTTGCCGGTC TTGCGATGAT TATCATATAA TTTCTGTTGA ATTACGTTAA GC -#ATGTAATA 4620 - - ATTAACATGT AATGCATGAC GTTATTTATG AGATGGGTTT TTATGATTAG AG -#TCCCGCAA 4680 - - TTATACATTT AATACGCGAT AGAAAACAAA ATATAGCGCG CAAACTAGGA TA -#AATTATCG 4740 - - CGCGCGGTGT CATCTATGTT ACTAGATCGG GAAGATCCTC TAGAGTCGAC CT -#GCAGGCAT 4800 - - GCAAGCTT - # - #- # 4808__________________________________________________________________________

Number	Name	Date
3710511	Patterson	Jan 1973
3861079	Patterson	Jan 1975
4658084	Beversdorf et al.	Apr 1987
4727219	Brar et al.	Feb 1988
5356799	Fabijanski et al.	Oct 1994
5478369	Albertsen et al.	Dec 1995

Number	Date	Country
0344029A1	Nov 1989	EPX
0412911A1	Feb 1991	EPX
WO 90 08828 A2	Aug 1990	WOX

Maintenance of male-sterile plants

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US Referenced Citations (6)

Foreign Referenced Citations (3)

Non-Patent Literature Citations (14)

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Mariani et al., Nature, vol. 357, pp. 384-387 (Jun. 1992).
Hartley, J. Mol. Biol., vol. 202, pp. 913-915 (1988).
Aarts et al., Nature, vol. 363, pp. 715-717 (Jun. 1993).
Stoskopf et al., Plant Breeding Theory and Practice, Cell and Molecular Biology Tools for Plant Breeding, Chapter 22, pp. 453-472 (1993).
Zabaleta et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., USA, vol. 93, pp. 11259-11263 (Oct. 1996).
Poehlman, Breeding Field Crops, Third Edition, Hybrid Corn, pp. 473-476.
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