Patent Grant
8741275
This invention relates to odor neutralizer compositions and their use for reducing malodors.
In many applicational areas, perfumes are used for masking malodors. Annoyance caused by malodors occurs frequently in daily life and impairs personal well-being. Such malodors are, for example, those resulting from substances transpired or excreted by humans, in particular, perspiration, mouth odors, feces and urine, odors caused by animal feces or urine, in particular, those of domestic pets, kitchen odors, such as those resulting from the preparation of onions, garlic, cabbage or fish, odors due to tobacco smoke, garbage, bathrooms, molds and waste.
In addition, malodors may be caused by many industrially produced basic materials used in cleansing agents, such as, for example, detergents and fabric softeners, or in body care products, such as, for example, soaps and cosmetics. The use of specific cosmetic preparations, such as, for example, hair dyes, hair-forming agents and depilatories, also produce malodors.
Many rubber and plastic products also produce malodors if, due to the method of their manufacture, they still contain quantities of highly odorous, volatile active ingredients. These malodors are usually caused by particularly odorous substances which are, however, generally only present in trace amounts. Such substances include, for example, nitrogen-containing compounds such as ammonia and amines, heterocyclic compounds such as pyridines, pyrazines, indoles, etc., and sulfur-containing compounds such as hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans, sulfides, etc.
The masking of malodors is a problem which is difficult to handle and solve with perfume compositions. Usually, it is only possible to mask malodors by means of a specially developed perfume oil having specific types of fragrances.
Malodor counteractings are particularly advantageous when they are capable of reducing the intensity of malodors without themselves possessing any significantly intense odor or fragrance. Such active ingredients do not mask malodors; rather, they neutralize the malodors. This has the advantage that, when using such active ingredients for perfuming objects or products having malodors, perfume oils of any desired type of fragrance can be used. The consumer can, therefore, be offered a considerably broader range of fragrance types for combating malodors.
In addition, active ingredients which neutralize malodors, provide the possibility of reducing the quantity of perfume oil previously required for masking odors. It is also possible to use less intensely odorous perfumes for combating malodors than those heretofore employed.
Another area in which malodor reducing compositions find utility is in breath freshening compositions such as chewing gum, mints, mouthwashes, lozenges and sprays. In addition to flavoring and perfuming ingredients which mask oral malodors, it is also useful to neutralize the ingredients which cause such malodors.
In recent years, a wide variety of substances have been proposed for use in neutralizing and/or suppressing malodors. These include certain acids such as undecylenic acid and a wide variety of esters, including esters of citric acid.
U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,097 describes the use of undecylenic acid and its lower alkyl esters as deodorants and odor neutralizers useful in a wide variety of compositions, perfumed and unperfumed. U.S. Pat. No. 4,010,253 discloses the use of certain esters of citric acid or acetylcitric acid in compositions for suppressing body odor. Citric acid itself has been used in personal deodorant compositions, as indicated in U.S. Pat. Nos. 5,098,694 and 5,662,937.
Recent patent literature disclosing the use of different classes of esters as malodor neutralizers include U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,157,411, 7,407,922 and 7,638,118, and Published Applications US 2010/0021413, US 2010/0028288 and US 2010/0034766.
Many of the esters disclosed in the prior art are quite effective in neutralizing malodors, and undecylenic acid (and its derivatives) has also shown some effectiveness in this area. It has now been discovered that combinations of undecylenic acid or citric acid and certain esters within particular molecular weight ranges have surprisingly shown synergistic effectiveness in neutralizing malodors.
This invention provides compositions comprising a combination of undecylenic acid or citric acid and one or more of certain esters within a particular molecular weight range. The molecular weight range for esters in combination with undecylenic acid is between 150 and 200. The molecular weight range for esters in combination with citric acid is between 130 and 230. These combinations exhibit a synergistic effect in neutralizing malodors. The esters within these particular molecular weight ranges which, in combination with undecylenic acid or citric acid, provide the synergistic effects are of the Formula (I) have the structure
in which
The compositions of this invention can be admixed with fragrancing ingredients to yield perfumed products which also have malodor neutralizing affects. Additionally, these compositions can be incorporated into household products such as detergents and other laundry products, air fresheners and disinfectants. These compositions can also be incorporated into personal care products of all types.
Undecylenic acid, citric acid and the esters of the Formula (I) are known odor neutralizers but it has now been discovered that a combination of undecylenic acid with at least one of said esters in the molecular weight range of between 150 and 200 provides a synergistic effect in odor neutralization. Likewise, it has now been discovered that compositions comprising a combination of citric acid and one or more ester of Formula (I) in the wider molecular weight range of between 130 and 230 provide a synergistic effect in odor neutralization.
The term “undecylenic acid” as used herein refers to undec-10-enoic acid of the formula.
It is used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and perfumery, including anti-dandruff shampoos, anti-microbial powders and as a musk in perfumes and aromas. U.S. Pat. No. 6,495,097 discloses its use, as well as the use of certain derivatives such as its methyl and ethyl esters, as substances that provide odor neutralization.
Citric acid (3-carboxy-3-hydroxypentanedioic acid) is used extensively in food products to add an acidic or sour taste and is also used in cleaning products. Additionally, as indicated in recent U.S. Pat. Nos. 6,906,045 and 7,147,822, citric acid can function as an odor neutralizer.
Citric acid has the formula
The esters which, in combination with undecylenic acid or citric acid are synergistically effective in neutralizing malodors have molecular weights within the specified particular ranges and have the structure (I)
wherein
An example of R1 as an alkylene radical substituted by phenyl at the 2-carbon is cinnamate. An example of an alkyl radical substituted at the 3-carbon is 3-phenylpropyl.
With respect to compounds in which both R1 and R2 are unbranched alkyls, butyl butyrate and ethyl heptanate, for example, would be within the scope of Formula (I). Pentyl hexanate is an example of a compound which would not be included in Formula (I). A preferred group of compounds in this class are those in which the total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is not greater than 8.
In order to combat malodors, the combination of undecylenic acid or citric acid and the esters of Formula (I) may be used in admixture. They may be used in pure form or in suitable solvents such as, for example, ethanol, isopropanol or other solvents well known for use in deodorizing formulations.
The ratio of undecylenic acid or citric acid to the ester of Formula (I) can range between about 10% to 90%, preferably from about 25% to 75%. A weight ratio of about 50% is particularly preferred and convenient.
A preferred group of esters within the Formula (I) are those in which R2 is C1-C5 (straight-chain or branched) alkyl or benzyl.
Preferred particular compounds within the Formula (I) for combination with undecylenic acid include the following:
Preferred particular compounds within Formula (I) for combination with citric acid include, in addition to those preferred for combination with undecylenic acid, the following:
For odor neutralizing purposes, the compositions according to the present invention can be combined with one or more of a wide variety of fragrancing ingredients.
The following may be mentioned as examples of ingredients used in fragrancing compositions, in particular:
The foregoing lists include some esters that fall within the scope of Formula (I), in which cases, a product comprising the composition of this invention will contain two or more of such esters.
In addition, the odor neutralizers containing the esters according to the present invention can be adsorbed onto a carrier which ensures both the fine distribution of the odor neutralizer in the product and controlled release during use. Such carriers can be porous inorganic materials such as light sulfates, salts, silica gels, borates, carbonates, soda ash, tripolyphosphates, zeolites, gypsums, clays, granulated clays, aerated concrete, etc., or organic materials such as wood, starches and other cellulose-based materials.
The odor neutralizers containing undecylenic acid or citric acid and the esters of Formula (I) can also be in microencapsulated or spray-dried form or in the form of inclusion complexes or extrusion products and they can be added in these forms to the product whose odor is to be improved or which is to be perfumed.
The compositions of the present invention may be added to a wide variety of consumer products, such as household products, personal care products and cosmetics, both perfumed and perfume-free, and both scented and scent-free.
Household products which may comprise a composition according to the invention include fabric washing powder and washing liquid, detergent, surface cleaner (including hard surface cleaner), air freshener in various forms (e.g., solids, gels, candles, liquids, etc.), softener, bleach, fabric refresher and room spray, disinfection products, scourer and cat litter. The list of household products is given by way of illustration and is not to be regarded as being in any way limiting.
Personal care products and cosmetics which may comprise a composition according to the invention include lotion, e.g. after-shave lotion, shampoo, conditioner, styling spray, mousse, gel, hair wipe, hair spray, hair pomade, bath and shower gel, bath salt, hygiene products, deodorant, antiperspirant, breath-freshening sprays, breath-freshening chewing gum, mouthwashes, lozenges and mints, vanishing cream, depilatory, and talcum powder. The list of personal care products and cosmetics is given by way of illustration and is not to be regarded as being in any way limiting.
Typically, the products using the composition of this invention comprise from about 0.0001% to about 20% by weight, preferably about 0.001% to about 10% by weight, of a combination of undecylenic acid or citric acid and at least one ester of Formula (I) based on the product. The effective amount depends upon the type of product into which the combination is admixed.
For example, if used in a fabric refresher the combination may be added to a fragrance composition at around 1% by weight which is then added to the product at around 0.1% by weight, i.e. the fabric refresher comprises about 0.001% by weight of the composition as hereinabove described. Or, in a liquid electrical air freshener composition, it may be added at higher concentration—typically around 20%—and may be present as 100% of the composition.
Accordingly, the present invention refers in a further aspect to a consumer product comprising an effective malodor-counteracting amount of a composition comprising undecylenic acid or citric acid and at least one ester of Formula (I).
Another aspect of the invention are methods of removing malodor from the air or from surfaces, comprising contacting the source of said malodor with an effective amount of a composition comprising undecylenic acid or citric acid and at least one ester of Formula (I) as hereinabove described. The methods can be, for example, spraying the ambient air surrounding the source of the malodors, or spraying an aerosol formulation directly onto the source of the malodor.
In a further aspect, the invention refers to a method of enhancing the malodor reduction properties of a consumer product, such as household products and personal care products, comprising admixing to the product effective amounts of at least undecylenic acid or citric acid and at least one ester of Formula (I) as hereinabove described.
A malodor evaluation panel of 14 persons was assembled and asked to evaluate the odor neutralizing effectiveness of undecylenic acid and of certain esters falling within the scope of Formula (I) in the molecular weight range of between 150 and 200, separately and in combination. The source of the malodor tested was cat urine.
Swatches of 100% untreated cotton fabric were cut into 15 cm (6-inch) squares and were placed on weighing boats. 0.5 grams of cat urine was pipetted onto each of the swatches. A period of three minutes was allowed for the urine to be absorbed by the fabric.
Onto each swatch, 3.0 grams of a composition was sprayed. As a control, 3.0 grams of water was sprayed on certain swatches.
Each swatch was placed in the middle of a 60 cm by 50 cm (2 feet by 2 feet) cubicle and all doors were closed. Actual testing was begun after thirty minutes.
Each member of the panel was asked to sniff the malodor control first and was notified that the control has a rating of 7—indicating very strong malodor. They were then asked to proceed to sniff the other samples and provide a rating for malodor remaining. Thus, the remaining malodor was evaluated on a sliding scale, with 1 being the absence of perceived malodor. The panelists were instructed to ignore any fragrance that they may detect and rate only for malodor.
For undecylenic acid alone and the ester of Formula (I) alone, the fabric sprays consisted of:
Test substance—1%
Neodol 91-8—1%
Fabric spray base—98%
For fabric sprays comprising both undecylenic acid and a subject ester, the formulation was:
Undecylenic acid—1%
Ester—1%
Neodol 91-8—2%
Fabric spray base—96.0%
Neodol 91-8 is a C9-C11 alcohol with an average of approximately 8 moles of ethylene oxide per mole of alcohol. The fabric spray base was an aqueous solution containing 10% ethanol, 1% of fragrance and 2% of non-ionic surfactant.
The results are shown in the following Table 1. Each panelist tested all of the esters, the undecylenic acid and the combination. The scores reported are therefore the average of 14 replications.
Following the procedure of Example I, the odor neutralizing effectiveness of citric acid and of certain esters of Formula I in the molecular weight range of between 130 and 230 was evaluated. The results are shown in the following Table 2.
While the invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments, it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention to the particular forms set forth, but, on the contrary, it is intended to cover such alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.
This application claims the benefit of the filing date of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61/351,435, filed on 4 Jun. 2010. The contents of said provisional application are incorporated by reference in their entirety as part of this application.
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