U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,166 discloses a mammography apparatus according to the preamble, wherein a measurement device is used to measure a movement speed of the paddle towards the detector cover in a procedure for preparing the breast for subsequent x-ray imaging. The measurement of the movement speed is used to control the movement of respective movable parts of the known mammography apparatus.
A known problem in mammography as acknowledged by U.S. Pat. No. 5,590,166, is that compression of the breast inflicts pain on the patient.
It is also known that the pain sensation differs from one patient to the other; for instance persons with smaller breasts respond differently than persons with larger breasts. In fact from theoretical considerations and observations in research it can be demonstrated as being probable that the pain sensation increases progressively with smaller breast sizes.
U.S. Pat. No. 5,099,503 discloses a method for operating a mammography apparatus and such a mammography apparatus comprising an x-ray source, a movable paddle and a detector, wherein the paddle and the detector are arranged to cooperate for pressurizing a breast so as to prepare for x-ray imaging of the breast, wherein the paddle connects to a paddle drive control system that drives the paddle towards the detector with a selected speed, wherein the paddle drive control system connects to a speed controller which provides the paddle drive control system a variating target setpoint that sets a rate at which the paddle drive control system drives the paddle towards the detector.
Embodiments of the present invention relate to a mammography apparatus comprising an x-ray source, a movable paddle and a detector, wherein the paddle and the detector are arranged to cooperate for pressurizing a breast so as to prepare for x-ray imaging of the breast, wherein the paddle connects to a paddle drive control system that drives the paddle towards the detector with a selected speed.
The invention is also embodied in a method for pressurizing the breast so as to prepare the breast for x-ray imaging.
It is an object of the invention to reduce or limit the pain sensation experienced by different persons, and to make this pain sensation less dependent on the size of the breast.
This object is achieved according to the invention by an apparatus and a method having the features of one or more of the appended claims.
According to one embodiment of the present invention, a mammography apparatus comprises a contact area measurement device with which the contact area of the breast with the paddle and/or the detector is measurable, and the speed controller is only operable for varying the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system when the contact area measurement device establishes that the said contact area surpasses a predefined first threshold value. In this way the apparatus is only functional when the pressurization forces can be distributed over a large enough breast contact area, which accordingly can limit the pain sensation during pressurization.
When the breast contact area is large enough the speed controller provides the paddle drive control system a variating target setpoint that sets a rate at which the paddle drive control system drives the paddle towards the detector, in particular the detector cover. When the mammography apparatus is provided with this feature it is possible to provide that pressurization of the breast is executed to gradually increase a pressure or force applied on the breast from an initial value to an eventual target value for the pressure or force which will be applied to the breast during x-ray imaging.
Within the scope of this invention the term “pressure” relates to the ratio of the force applied to the breast, and the contact area between the breast and the paddle and/or at the detector cover.
The gradual increase of the pressure or force applied on the breast provides that even persons having small breasts experience a reduced pain sensation. Accordingly the mammography apparatus of the invention preferably provides that the speed controller establishes a target setpoint of the paddle drive control system so as to control the pressurization of the breast to gradually increase to an eventual target value for the pressure or force applied to the breast.
Preferably the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system is adjusted at a rate to cause that the pressure applied to the breast increases with an amount in the range 1-2 kPa per second. When the pressure is adjusted at this rate it is desirable that the pressure applied to the breast increases in approximately 5-10 seconds to the eventual target value for the pressure or force applied to the breast.
It is further preferred that the initial pressure or force applied to the breast is set at a predefined second threshold value, and that the speed controller is only operable for varying the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system when the pressure or force applied to the breast surpasses the predefined second threshold value. This makes the system appropriate for use by an operator, who can then otherwise maintain the existing operating procedures.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated into and form a part of the specification, illustrate one or more embodiments of the present invention and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the invention. The drawings are only for the purpose of illustrating one or more embodiments of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the drawings:
Whenever in the figures the same reference numerals are applied, these numerals refer to the same parts.
Making reference first to
As more schematically shown in
So as to arrange that the setpoint of the paddle drive control system 7 is based on an accurate measurement of the pressure that is applied to the breast 6, it is required to apply both the force sensor 12 and the contact area measurement sensor 11. It is of course possible to position the force sensor 12 and the contact area measurement sensor 11 at other locations than shown in the figures, or to base the sensors 11, 12 on other measurement principles then disclosed herein. The contact area measurement sensor 11 could for instance instead of being based on a conductive film on the paddle 3, alternatively be based on camera vision or other means of monitoring the contact area between the breast 6 and the paddle 3.
It is further preferred that the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system 7 is adjusted at a rate to cause that the pressure applied to the breast 6 increases with an amount in the range 1-2 kPa per second. The exact change rate of the pressure can then be selected and individualized with respect to the patient being subjected to the imaging by the mammography apparatus, for instance based on earlier experience with that patient. When the target setpoint of the drive control system 7 is adjusted at a rate in the range 1-2 kPa per second, it is preferable that the pressure applied to the breast 6 increases in approximately 5-10 seconds to the eventual target value for the pressure or force applied to the breast 6. This is all clearly shown in
The apparatus 1 comprises a contact area measurement device 11 with which the contact area of the breast 6 with the paddle 3 and/or the detector 4 is measurable, and the speed controller 10 can be arranged to be only operable for varying the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system 7 when the contact area measurement device 11 establishes that the said contact area surpasses a predefined first threshold value. This restriction in the operation of the speed controller 10 is desirable when the actual pressure is used to determine the setpoint of the paddle drive control system 7.
It is further desirable that an initial pressure or force applied to the breast 6 is set at a predefined second threshold value, and that the speed controller 10 is only operable for varying the target setpoint of the paddle drive control system 7 when the pressure or force applied to the breast 6 surpasses the predefined second threshold value.
Although the invention has been discussed in the foregoing with reference to an exemplary embodiment of the mammography apparatus of the invention, the invention is not restricted to this particular embodiment which can be varied in many ways without departing from the invention. The discussed exemplary embodiment shall therefore not be used to construe the appended claims strictly in accordance therewith. On the contrary the embodiment is merely intended to explain the wording of the appended claims without intent to limit the claims to this exemplary embodiment. The scope of protection of the invention shall therefore be construed in accordance with the appended claims only, wherein a possible ambiguity in the wording of the claims shall be resolved using this exemplary embodiment.
Embodiments of the present invention can include every combination of features that are disclosed herein independently from each other. Although the invention has been described in detail with particular reference to the disclosed embodiments, other embodiments can achieve the same results. Variations and modifications of the present invention will be obvious to those skilled in the art and it is intended to cover in the appended claims all such modifications and equivalents. The entire disclosures of all references, applications, patents, and publications cited above are hereby incorporated by reference. Unless specifically stated as being “essential” above, none of the various components or the interrelationship thereof are essential to the operation of the invention. Rather, desirable results can be achieved by substituting various components and/or reconfiguration of their relationships with one another.
Note that in the specification and claims, “about” or “approximately” means within twenty percent (20%) of the numerical amount cited. All computer software disclosed herein may be embodied on any non-transitory computer-readable medium (including combinations of mediums), including without limitation CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, hard drives (local or network storage device), USB keys, other removable drives, ROM, and firmware.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
2019834 | Oct 2017 | NL | national |
This application is a continuation of International Patent Application No. PCT/NL2018/050717, entitled “Mammography Apparatus and Method of Pressurizing a Breast”, filed on Oct. 29, 2018, which claims priority to Netherlands Patent Application No. 2019834, entitled “Mammography Apparatus and Method of Pressurizing a Breast”, filed on Oct. 31, 2017, and the specification and claims thereof are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Name | Date | Kind |
---|---|---|---|
3609355 | Schwarzer | Sep 1971 | A |
5099503 | Strommer | Mar 1992 | A |
5335257 | Stunberg | Aug 1994 | A |
5355715 | Rausche et al. | Oct 1994 | A |
5590166 | Suni et al. | Dec 1996 | A |
5999836 | Nelson et al. | Dec 1999 | A |
6049583 | Galkin et al. | Apr 2000 | A |
6694173 | Bende et al. | Feb 2004 | B1 |
7558367 | Tinwala et al. | Jul 2009 | B1 |
7656993 | Hoering | Feb 2010 | B2 |
7734013 | Kashiwagi et al. | Jun 2010 | B2 |
9050009 | Den Heeten et al. | Jun 2015 | B2 |
9743997 | Grimbergen et al. | Aug 2017 | B2 |
9826950 | Den Heeten et al. | Nov 2017 | B2 |
20050004458 | Kanayama et al. | Jan 2005 | A1 |
20060245541 | Aubel | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20060262903 | Diebold | Nov 2006 | A1 |
20070121782 | Sendai | May 2007 | A1 |
20080043904 | Hoernig | Feb 2008 | A1 |
20080080668 | Kashigawi | Apr 2008 | A1 |
20080103387 | Gross | May 2008 | A1 |
20080240346 | Kashiwagi et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20080249415 | Okamura et al. | Oct 2008 | A1 |
20090262887 | Iordache et al. | Oct 2009 | A1 |
20090304146 | Ramsauer | Dec 2009 | A1 |
20120020455 | Fischer | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20120020464 | Matsuura | Jan 2012 | A1 |
20130028373 | Den Heeten et al. | Jan 2013 | A1 |
20140328458 | Erhard et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20140341338 | Grimbergen et al. | Nov 2014 | A1 |
20150265186 | Kuwabara | Sep 2015 | A1 |
20150297150 | Grimbergen | Oct 2015 | A1 |
20190231290 | Den Heeten et al. | Aug 2019 | A1 |
Number | Date | Country |
---|---|---|
2014151 | Dec 1971 | DE |
102006048607 | Apr 2008 | DE |
1493380 | Jan 2005 | EP |
2009465 | Dec 2008 | EP |
9727801 | Aug 1997 | WO |
0117424 | Mar 2001 | WO |
2011102713 | Aug 2011 | WO |
2013076622 | May 2013 | WO |
2013129920 | Sep 2013 | WO |
2013162357 | Oct 2013 | WO |
2018067005 | Apr 2018 | WO |
2019004821 | Jan 2019 | WO |
2019088826 | May 2019 | WO |
Entry |
---|
Khamapirad, T. , et al., “Diagnostic Imaging of Breat Cancer with LOIS: clinical feasibility”, International Society for Optical Engineering, SPIE-INT, vol. 5697, No. 1, 2005, 35-44. |
Manohar, Sriang , et al., “Initial Results of in vivo Non-Invasive Cancer Imaging in the Human Breast Using Near-Infrared Photoacoustics”, Optical Express, vol. 15, No. 19, 2007, 12277-85. |
Vaartjes, Susanne E. et al., “First Clinical Trials of the Twente Photoacoustic Mammoscope (PAM)”, International Society for Optical Engineering, Proceedings SPIE, vol. 6629, 2007, 662917-1-662917-12. |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
20200214652 A1 | Jul 2020 | US |
Number | Date | Country | |
---|---|---|---|
Parent | PCT/NL2018/050717 | Oct 2018 | US |
Child | 16818870 | US |