Patent Application
20200081800
Embodiments relate to the management of backup volume extents via a tiered storage mechanism.
In certain storage system environments, a storage controller (or a storage controller complex) may comprise a plurality of storage servers that are coupled to each other. The storage controller allows host computing systems to perform input/output (I/O) operations with storage devices controlled by the storage controller, where the host computing systems may be referred to as hosts.
One or more storage controllers may be used to perform data mirroring by copying data from production volumes to backup volumes for business continuity and disaster recovery. In the event of data loss in production volumes, the backup volumes may be used to recover the data.
Point-in-time copy allows creation of instantaneous, point-in-time snapshot copies of entire logical volumes or data sets. A point-in-time copy may involve physically copying all the data from source volumes (e.g., production volumes) to target volumes (e.g. backup volumes) so that the target volumes have a copy of the data as of a point in time. A point-in-time copy can also be made by logically making a copy of the data and then only copying data over when necessary.
When an application has one write that is dependent on the completion of another write, the application is said to have dependent writes. Using dependent writes, applications may manage the consistency of their data, so that a consistent state of the application data on storage devices is maintained, in the event of a failure in the host or the storage controller.
To maintain the consistency of data across multiple storage volumes, certain storage controllers support the concept of a consistency group. Storage volumes in a copy relationship that are configured into a consistency group are maintained to ensure that a group of dependent updates made to production storage volumes are made together as a unit on backup storage volumes to maintain data consistency.
Certain types of data mirroring may provide data replication via one or more storage controllers between a production volume and a backup volume. Such mirroring may replicate the data of the production volume in the backup volume while forming consistency groups at a regular intervals to allow a clean recovery of data. Once consistency groups are formed, a point-in-time copy operation is performed to copy from a production volume to a backup volume. A point-in-time copy is a fully usable copy of a defined collection of data that contains an image of the data as it appeared at a single point-in-time. The copy is considered to have logically occurred at that point-in-time. Further details of a storage controller that performs storage management tasks including mirroring, point-in-time copies, and consistency group formations may be found in the publication “IBM DS8880 Architecture and Implementation (Release 8.3),” published November 2017, by International Business Machines Corporation.
Tiered storage is the assignment of data to various types of storage media to reduce total storage cost. Storage tiers may be determined by performance and cost of the media on which data is stored. For example, mission-critical data may be stored on expensive, high-quality media and other data may be stored on inexpensive, low-quality media.
A thin provisioned storage volume is a type of storage volume in which physical storage space is allocated on demand. That is, the total virtual space allocated to a thin provisioned volume is not fully backed by physical storage space until an application writes to the thin provisioned volume, at which time space is allocated to hold the write data.
Provided are a method, system, and computer program product in which a determination is made that a point-in-time copy of a consistency group of a production volume has to be stored in a backup storage that is configured to store a plurality of point-in-time copies generated at a plurality of time instants. An extent of a thin provisioned volume of a highest storage tier of a tiered storage is allocated to store the point-in-time copy of the consistency group. A process is initiated for storing the point-in-time copy of the consistency group to the extent of the highest storage tier of the tiered storage.
In certain embodiments, in response to determining that the extent of the highest storage tier of the tiered storage is full, data in the extent of the highest storage tier of the tiered storage is demoted to a storage tier that is of a lower tier than the highest storage tier.
In further embodiments, the highest storage tier is comprised of storage devices that are faster than storage devices of the lower tier, wherein storage devices of the highest storage tier have lower storage capacity than storage devices of the lower tier.
In additional embodiments, reads from the backup storage for data recovery are relatively infrequent in comparison to writes of point-in-time copies of consistency groups to the backup storage
In further embodiments, the writes of point-in-time copies of consistency groups are initially performed to the highest storage tier of the tiered storage and then written data is demoted opportunistically from the highest storage tier to a storage tier that is of a lower tier than the highest storage tier.
In certain embodiments, a plurality of point-in-time copies are maintained in a circular buffer, wherein in response to deletion of an older point-in-time copy, extents are released and then new extents are allocated for writing.
In additional embodiments, one or more point-in-time copies are deleted based on retention policies indicated for the one or more point-in-time copies.
Referring now to the drawings in which like reference numbers represent corresponding parts throughout:
In the following description, reference is made to the accompanying drawings which form a part hereof and which illustrate several embodiments. It is understood that other embodiments may be utilized and structural and operational changes may be made.
When copying data from a production volume to a backup volume in a storage controller, in certain types of copy mechanisms referred to as a “safeguarded copy function”, tracks are copied into the backup volume in the order requested by a destage and “copy source to target” (CST) process, i.e., tracks are copied sequentially. In certain embodiments, the backup volume is a thin provisioned volume that is not host accessible and is used to contain a large numbers undo logs to allow construction of backup copies of a safeguarded production volume at various points in time.
The access pattern of the backup volume may quite different from the access pattern of normal host accessible volumes and in many ways may be more predictable. For example, necessity for recovery from the backup volume is relatively infrequent whereas writes are performed relatively frequently to the backup volume. Since writes to thin provisioned backup volumes may require release of extents and then allocation of extents before writing of data, the writes may be relatively time consuming. To increase the processing speed at which writes can be performed on the backup volume, in certain embodiments a tiered storage may be maintained for the backup volume, and each newly allocated extent for storing data is taken from the highest performing storage tier. Once the allocated extent is full then the data is migrated to a lower tier. As a result, improvements are made to a storage controller by increasing the processing speed of the storage controller for performing safeguarded copy functions.
The storage controller 102 allows the one or more hosts 104 to perform input/output (I/O) operations with logical storage maintained by the storage controller 102. The physical storage corresponding to the logical storage may be found in one or more of the storage devices 106, 108 and/or a cache of the storage controller 102.
The storage controller 102 and the hosts 104 may comprise any suitable computational device including those presently known in the art, such as, a personal computer, a workstation, a server, a mainframe, a hand held computer, a palm top computer, a telephony device, a network appliance, a blade computer, a processing device, a controller, etc. In certain embodiments, the storage controller 102 may be comprised of a plurality of servers. The plurality of servers may provide redundancy because if one server undergoes a failure from which recovery is not possible, an alternate server may perform the functions of the server that failed. Each of the plurality of servers may be referred to as a processing complex and may include one or more processors and/or processor cores. While
The storage controller 102 and the one or more hosts 104 may be elements in any suitable network, such as, a storage area network, a wide area network, the Internet, an intranet. In certain embodiments, storage controller 102 and the one or more hosts 104 may be elements in a cloud computing environment.
The plurality of storage devices 106, 108 may be comprised of any storage devices known in the art, such as solid state drives (SSD), hard disk drives (HDD), etc. A plurality of the storage devices 106, 108 may be maintained as a tiered storage 110. In
A storage management application 114 may perform a safeguarded copy operation 116 to perform a sequential copy of tracks from one or more production volumes 118 to one or more backup volumes 120 (also referred to as backup storage) In certain embodiments, the storage management application 114 may be implemented in software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof.
In the safeguarded copy operations 116, a plurality of point-in-time copies of consistency groups at various points in time are made to the backup storage 120 from the production volume 118 for storing backups of data at a plurality of time instants. For example,
The storage management application 114 may delete point-in-time copies from the backup storage 120 based on certain policies 124. For example, in certain embodiments the policies 124 may indicate retention period of point-in-time copies in the backup storage 120.
The backup volumes of the backup storage 120 are logical volumes and the corresponding physical storage is on physical volumes maintained in the tiered storage 110 by the storage management application 114. The backup volumes are maintained as thin provisioned volumes where extents are allocated only when writing is needed.
In certain embodiments, the storage management application 114 ensures that during initial writes to the backup volumes, the written data is stored on the highest storage tier of the tiered storage 110 as it is time consuming to write on thin provisioned volumes. At an opportune time, data may be demoted to lower storage tiers of the tiered storage 110 because reads for data recovery from the backup volumes 120 is relatively infrequent.
Therefore,
In
Block 302 shows that relatively frequently writes are performed on backup volumes, whereas blocks 304 shows that relatively infrequent reads are performed on backup volumes. The reads are relatively infrequent because data loss is relatively infrequent and so recovery volumes to recover from data loss have to be generated relatively infrequently from the backup volumes.
For performing writes to thin provisioned backup volumes, one or more extents are released from a backup volume (as shown via reference numeral 306) and this releasing of extents may occur for the oldest point-in-time copy. From block 306 control proceeds to block 308 in which for the new point-in-time copy, new extents are allocated for writing and the data written to the new extents (as shown via reference numeral 308). It should be noted that the release and allocation of extents that are needed for thin provisioned volumes may be time consuming. For reading data, extents are read from the backup volumes (as shown via reference numeral 310).
Data corresponding to a write operation 402 may be first written to extents of a higher storage tier 404, and then the data in the extents may be demoted from the higher storage tier to a lower storage tier 408 (as shown via reference numeral 406). Since the release and allocation of extents that are needed for thin provisioned volumes may be time consuming, the data corresponding to the write operations 402 (where the write operations are frequent) is first written to extents of a higher storage tier 404. The higher storage tier 404 is comprised of storage devices that are faster than storage devices of the lower storage tier 408 and so the frequent write operation are written initially on the higher storage tier 404.
However, since the higher storage tier 404 has lesser storage capacity than the lower storage tier 408, at an opportune time the data from the higher storage tier 404 is moved (opportunistic demote) to the lower storage tier 408. For the purposes of this disclosure, if there are only two storage tiers the higher storage tier 404 may be referred to as the highest storage tier 404.
Control starts at block 502 in which the storage management application 114 determines that a point-in-time copy of a consistency group of a production volume 118 has to be stored in a backup storage 120 that is configured to store a plurality of point-in-time copies 121, 122 generated at a plurality of time instants. An extent of a thin provisioned volume of a highest storage tier 106 of a tiered storage 110 is allocated (at block 504) to store the point-in-time copy of the consistency group. A process is initiated for storing (at block 506) the point-in-time copy of the consistency group to the extent of the highest storage tier 106 of the tiered storage 110.
From block 506 control proceeds to block 508, in which in response to the storage management application 114 determining that the extent of the highest storage tier 106 of the tiered storage 110 is full, data in the extent of the highest storage tier 106 of the tiered storage is demoted to a storage tier that is of a lower tier 108 than the highest storage tier 106.
Therefore,
Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.
Referring now to
Referring now to
Hardware and software layer 60 includes hardware and software components. Examples of hardware components include mainframes, in one example IBM zSeries* systems; RISC (Reduced Instruction Set Computer) architecture based servers, in one example IBM pSeries* systems; IBM xSeries* systems; IBM BladeCenter* systems; storage devices; networks and networking components. Examples of software components include network application server software, in one example IBM WebSphere* application server software; and database software, in one example IBM DB2* database software. * IBM, zSeries, pSeries, xSeries, BladeCenter, WebSphere, and DB2 are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation registered in many jurisdictions worldwide.
Virtualization layer 62 provides an abstraction layer from which the following examples of virtual entities may be provided: virtual servers; virtual storage; virtual networks, including virtual private networks; virtual applications and operating systems; and virtual clients.
In one example, management layer 64 may provide the functions described below. Resource provisioning provides dynamic procurement of computing resources and other resources that are utilized to perform tasks within the cloud computing environment. Metering and Pricing provide cost tracking as resources are utilized within the cloud computing environment, and billing or invoicing for consumption of these resources. In one example, these resources may comprise application software licenses. Security provides identity verification for cloud consumers and tasks, as well as protection for data and other resources. User portal provides access to the cloud computing environment for consumers and system administrators. Service level management provides cloud computing resource allocation and management such that required service levels are met. Service Level Agreement (SLA) planning and fulfillment provide pre-arrangement for, and procurement of, cloud computing resources for which a future requirement is anticipated in accordance with an SLA.
Workloads layer 66 provides examples of functionality for which the cloud computing environment may be utilized. Examples of workloads and functions which may be provided from this layer include: mapping and navigation; software development and lifecycle management; virtual classroom education delivery; data analytics processing; transaction processing; and storage management processing 68 as shown in
The described operations may be implemented as a method, apparatus or computer program product using standard programming and/or engineering techniques to produce software, firmware, hardware, or any combination thereof. Accordingly, aspects of the embodiments may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.) or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects that may all generally be referred to herein as a “circuit,” “module” or “system.” Furthermore, aspects of the embodiments may take the form of a computer program product. The computer program product may include a computer readable storage medium (or media) having computer readable program instructions thereon for causing a processor to carry out aspects of the present embodiments.
The computer readable storage medium can be a tangible device that can retain and store instructions for use by an instruction execution device. The computer readable storage medium may be, for example, but is not limited to, an electronic storage device, a magnetic storage device, an optical storage device, an electromagnetic storage device, a semiconductor storage device, or any suitable combination of the foregoing. A non-exhaustive list of more specific examples of the computer readable storage medium includes the following: a portable computer diskette, a hard disk, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM or Flash memory), a static random access memory (SRAM), a portable compact disc read-only memory (CD-ROM), a digital versatile disk (DVD), a memory stick, a floppy disk, a mechanically encoded device such as punch-cards or raised structures in a groove having instructions recorded thereon, and any suitable combination of the foregoing. A computer readable storage medium, as used herein, is not to be construed as being transitory signals per se, such as radio waves or other freely propagating electromagnetic waves, electromagnetic waves propagating through a waveguide or other transmission media (e.g., light pulses passing through a fiber-optic cable), or electrical signals transmitted through a wire.
Computer readable program instructions described herein can be downloaded to respective computing/processing devices from a computer readable storage medium or to an external computer or external storage device via a network, for example, the Internet, a local area network, a wide area network and/or a wireless network. The network may comprise copper transmission cables, optical transmission fibers, wireless transmission, routers, firewalls, switches, gateway computers and/or edge servers. A network adapter card or network interface in each computing/processing device receives computer readable program instructions from the network and forwards the computer readable program instructions for storage in a computer readable storage medium within the respective computing/processing device.
Computer readable program instructions for carrying out operations of the present embodiments may be assembler instructions, instruction-set-architecture (ISA) instructions, machine instructions, machine dependent instructions, microcode, firmware instructions, state-setting data, or either source code or object code written in any combination of one or more programming languages, including an object oriented programming language such as Smalltalk, C++ or the like, and conventional procedural programming languages, such as the “C” programming language or similar programming languages. The computer readable program instructions may execute entirely on the user's computer, partly on the user's computer, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the user's computer and partly on a remote computer or entirely on the remote computer or server. In the latter scenario, the remote computer may be connected to the user's computer through any type of network, including a local area network (LAN) or a wide area network (WAN), or the connection may be made to an external computer (for example, through the Internet using an Internet Service Provider). In some embodiments, electronic circuitry including, for example, programmable logic circuitry, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA), or programmable logic arrays (PLA) may execute the computer readable program instructions by utilizing state information of the computer readable program instructions to personalize the electronic circuitry, in order to perform aspects of the present embodiments.
Aspects of the present embodiments are described herein with reference to flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and/or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer readable program instructions.
These computer readable program instructions may be provided to a processor of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, create means for implementing the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks. These computer readable program instructions may also be stored in a computer readable storage medium that can direct a computer, a programmable data processing apparatus, and/or other devices to function in a particular manner, such that the computer readable storage medium having instructions stored therein comprises an article of manufacture including instructions which implement aspects of the function/act specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The computer readable program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer, other programmable data processing apparatus, or other device to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer, other programmable apparatus or other device to produce a computer implemented process, such that the instructions which execute on the computer, other programmable apparatus, or other device implement the functions/acts specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram block or blocks.
The flowchart and block diagrams in the figures illustrate the architecture, functionality, and operation of possible implementations of systems, methods, and computer program products according to various embodiments of the present invention. In this regard, each block in the flowchart or block diagrams may represent a module, segment, or portion of instructions, which comprises one or more executable instructions for implementing the specified logical function(s). In some alternative implementations, the functions noted in the block may occur out of the order noted in the figures. For example, two blocks shown in succession may, in fact, be executed substantially concurrently, or the blocks may sometimes be executed in the reverse order, depending upon the functionality involved. It will also be noted that each block of the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, and combinations of blocks in the block diagrams and/or flowchart illustration, can be implemented by special purpose hardware-based systems that perform the specified functions or acts or carry out combinations of special purpose hardware and computer instruction.
Certain embodiments may be directed to a method for deploying computing instruction by a person or automated processing integrating computer-readable code into a computing system, wherein the code in combination with the computing system is enabled to perform the operations of the described embodiments.
The terms “an embodiment”, “embodiment”, “embodiments”, “the embodiment”, “the embodiments”, “one or more embodiments”, “some embodiments”, and “one embodiment” mean “one or more (but not all) embodiments of the present invention(s)” unless expressly specified otherwise.
The terms “including”, “comprising”, “having” and variations thereof mean “including but not limited to”, unless expressly specified otherwise.
The enumerated listing of items does not imply that any or all of the items are mutually exclusive, unless expressly specified otherwise.
The terms “a”, “an” and “the” mean “one or more”, unless expressly specified otherwise.
Devices that are in communication with each other need not be in continuous communication with each other, unless expressly specified otherwise. In addition, devices that are in communication with each other may communicate directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries.
A description of an embodiment with several components in communication with each other does not imply that all such components are required. On the contrary a variety of optional components are described to illustrate the wide variety of possible embodiments of the present invention.
Further, although process steps, method steps, algorithms or the like may be described in a sequential order, such processes, methods and algorithms may be configured to work in alternate orders. In other words, any sequence or order of steps that may be described does not necessarily indicate a requirement that the steps be performed in that order. The steps of processes described herein may be performed in any order practical. Further, some steps may be performed simultaneously.
When a single device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that more than one device/article may be used in place of a single device/article. Similarly, where more than one device or article is described herein, it will be readily apparent that a single device/article may be used in place of the more than one device or article or a different number of devices/articles may be used instead of the shown number of devices or programs. The functionality and/or the features of a device may be alternatively embodied by one or more other devices which are not explicitly described as having such functionality/features. Thus, other embodiments of the present invention need not include the device itself.
At least certain operations that may have been illustrated in the figures show certain events occurring in a certain order. In alternative embodiments, certain operations may be performed in a different order, modified or removed. Moreover, steps may be added to the above described logic and still conform to the described embodiments. Further, operations described herein may occur sequentially or certain operations may be processed in parallel. Yet further, operations may be performed by a single processing unit or by distributed processing units.
The foregoing description of various embodiments of the invention has been presented for the purposes of illustration and description. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise form disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. It is intended that the scope of the invention be limited not by this detailed description, but rather by the claims appended hereto. The above specification, examples and data provide a complete description of the manufacture and use of the composition of the invention. Since many embodiments of the invention can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, the invention resides in the claims hereinafter appended.
