MANAGEMENT OF CORN THROUGH SEMI-DWARF SYSTEMS

INCORPORATION OF SEQUENCE LISTING

The instant application contains a Sequence Listing which has been submitted electronically in ASCII format and is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. Said ASCII copy, created on Nov. 19, 2021, is named P35025US01 SL.txt and is 1,161,027 bytes in size.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present disclosure relates to methods of applying compositions to corn fields prior to harvesting.

BACKGROUND

Hybrid corn plants often reach heights over 6 feet (1.83 meters) during the growing season, particularly during later stages of development. However, standard agricultural sprayers and other mechanized applicators typically have an above-ground clearance of 6 feet or less (e.g., due to the height of the spray or applicator arms or booms and/or the bottom of the cabin). An above-ground sprayer or equipment clearance that is shorter than the height of the crop precludes farmers from accessing their agricultural fields to spray fertilizers or pesticides or conduct other over-the-top applications using standard vehicular equipment without risking significant damage to the crop. Thus, a need exists in the art to develop methods that allow in-season or late-season access to corn fields with standard farm equipment while reducing the risk of damaging the corn plants.

SUMMARY

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase 3 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase 3 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm. GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an anti sense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an anti sense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of an endogenous brachytic2 (br2) locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous br2 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 132 or 180, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous br2 locus produces an RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the transcription termination sequence of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the intergenic region between the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and Zm.SAMT genes, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying said agricultural composition to said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein said ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and wherein said applicator is attached to said main body, wherein the lower exterior surface of said main body is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of corn plants in said corn field are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a plurality of corn plants in a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to said corn plants of said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator arm or boom for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the lower surface of said applicator arm or boom is at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above the soil level and is equal to or less than 15 centimeters shorter than average height of said corn plants, wherein the corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a plurality of corn plants in a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to said corn plants of said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator arm or boom for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the lower surface of said applicator arm or boom is at a height equal to or less than 1.8 meters above the soil level and is equal to or less than 15 centimeters shorter than average height of said corn plants, wherein the corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm. GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn plant comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant is not damaged by said ground-based agricultural vehicle, wherein said corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.8 meters, wherein said corn plant is at V12 stage or later, and wherein said corn plant comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of an endogenous brachytic2 (br2) locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous br2 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NO: 132 or 180, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous br2 locus produces an RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the transcription termination sequence of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the intergenic region between the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and Zm.SAMT genes, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1st exon, 1st intron, 2nd exon, 2nd intron, 3rd exon, 3rd intron, 4th exon, 4th intron, 5th exon, 5th intron, 6th exon, 6th intron, 7th exon, 7th intron, 8th exon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle with an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator is positioned at a height equal to or less than 1.5 meters above soil level, wherein at least 50% of the corn plants of the corn field are at V8 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 depicts the height of wild-type control (WT) corn plants and semi-dwarf corn plants comprising a GA20 oxidase suppression construct (SUP_GA20 oxidase). Height is measured in feet (ft) and growth time is indicated by both date (Jun: June; Jul: July) and growth stage (V11, V15, and R1).

FIG. 2 depicts plant heights (in inches) of semi-dwarf BR hybrid corn plants, where plant height was measured as the distance from the ground to the collar of the uppermost fully expanded leaf. In FIG. 2, “short” plants refer to semi-dwarf BR plants, and “tall” plants refer to wild-type control plants.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs. Where a term is provided in the singular, the inventors also contemplate aspects of the disclosure described by the plural of that term. Where there are discrepancies in terms and definitions used in references that are incorporated by reference, the terms used in this application shall have the definitions given herein. Other technical terms used have their ordinary meaning in the art in which they are used, as exemplified by various art-specific dictionaries, for example, “The American Heritage® Science Dictionary” (Editors of the American Heritage Dictionaries, 2011, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston and New York), the “McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms” (6th edition, 2002, McGraw-Hill, New York), or the “Oxford Dictionary of Biology” (6th edition, 2008, Oxford University Press, Oxford and New York).

Any references cited herein, including, e.g., all patents, published patent applications, and non-patent publications, are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

When a grouping of alternatives is presented, any and all combinations of the members that make up that grouping of alternatives is specifically envisioned. For example, if an item is selected from a group consisting of A, B, C, and D, the inventors specifically envision each alternative individually (e.g., A alone, B alone, etc.), as well as combinations such as A, B, and D; And C; B and C; etc. The term “and/or” when used in a list of two or more items means any one of the listed items by itself or in combination with any one or more of the other listed items. For example, the expression “A and/or B” is intended to mean either or both of A and B—i.e., A alone, B alone, or A and B in combination. The expression “A, B and/or C” is intended to mean A alone, B alone, C alone, A and B in combination, A and C in combination, B and C in combination, or A, B, and C in combination.

As well understood in the art, metric measurement values provided herein can be easily converted to standard (S.I.) units and vice versa.

As used herein, a “plant” includes an explant, plant part, seedling, plantlet or whole plant at any stage of regeneration or development. As commonly understood, a “corn plant” or “maize plant” refers to any plant of species Zea mays and includes all plant varieties that can be bred with corn, including wild maize species.

In an aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the subspecies Zea mays L. ssp. mays. In an additional aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the group Zea mays L. subsp. mays Indentata, otherwise known as dent corn. In another aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the group Zea mays L. subsp. mays Indurata, otherwise known as flint corn. In an aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the group Zea mays L. subsp. mays Saccharata, otherwise known as sweet corn. In another aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the group Zea mays L. subsp. mays Amylacea, otherwise known as flour corn. In a further aspect, corn plants disclosed herein are selected from the group Zea mays L. subsp. mays Everta, otherwise known as popcorn. Plants disclosed herein also include hybrids, inbreds, partial inbreds, or members of defined or undefined populations.

As used herein, a “plant part” can refer to any organ or intact tissue of a plant, such as a meristem, shoot organ/structure (e.g., leaf, stem or node), root, flower or floral organ/structure (e.g., bract, sepal, petal, stamen, carpel, anther and ovule), seed, embryo, endosperm, seed coat, fruit, the mature ovary, propagule, or other plant tissues (e.g., vascular tissue, dermal tissue, ground tissue, and the like), or any portion thereof. Plant parts of the present disclosure can be viable, nonviable, regenerable, and/or non-regenerable. A “propagule” can include any plant part that can grow into an entire plant.

As used herein, a “locus” is a chromosomal locus or region where a polymorphic nucleic acid, trait determinant, gene, or marker is located. A “locus” can be shared by two homologous chromosomes to refer to their corresponding locus or region. Without being limiting, a locus can comprise a polynucleotide that encodes a protein or an RNA. A locus can also comprise a non-coding RNA. A locus can comprise a gene. A locus can comprise a promoter, a 5′-untranslated region (UTR), an exon, an intron, a 3′-UTR, or any combination thereof. A locus can comprise a coding region.

As used herein, an “allele” refers to an alternative (e.g., variant) nucleic acid sequence of a gene or at a particular locus (e.g., a nucleic acid sequence of a gene or locus that is different than other alleles for the same gene or locus). Such an allele can be considered (i) wild-type or (ii) mutant if one or more mutations or edits are present in the nucleic acid sequence of the mutant allele relative to the wild-type allele. A mutant or edited allele for a gene may have a reduced or eliminated activity or expression level for the gene relative to the wild-type allele. According to present embodiments, a mutant or edited allele for a gene may have an inversion or antisense sequence that may be complementary to another portion of the gene and/or a coding sequence of another copy or allele of the gene and/or another gene. For diploid organisms such as corn, a first allele can occur on one chromosome, and a second allele can occur at the same locus on a second homologous chromosome. If one allele at a locus on one chromosome of a plant is a mutant or edited allele and the other corresponding allele on the homologous chromosome of the plant is wild-type, then the plant is described as being heterozygous for the mutant or edited allele. However, if both alleles at a locus are mutant or edited alleles, then the plant is described as being homozygous for the mutant or edited alleles. A plant homozygous for mutant alleles at a locus may comprise the same mutant or edited allele or different mutant or edited alleles if heteroallelic or biallelic.

As used herein, an “endogenous locus” refers to a locus at its natural and original chromosomal location. As used herein, the “endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus” refers to the GA20 oxidase_3 genic locus at its original chromosomal location. As used herein, the “endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus” refers to the GA20 oxidase_5 genic locus at its original chromosomal location. As used herein, the “endogenous GA3 oxidase locus” refers to the GA3 oxidase genic locus at its original chromosomal location. As used herein, the “endogenous br2 locus” refers to the br2 genic locus at its original chromosomal location.

As used herein, the term “inbred” means a line that has been bred for genetic homogeneity. As used herein, the term “hybrid” means a progeny of mating between at least two genetically dissimilar parents or inbreds.

As used herein, a “field” or a “corn field” refers to an outdoor location that is suitable for growing corn. The location can be irrigated or non-irrigated. A corn field can comprise a land area planted with corn seed and/or at least one corn plant or a plurality of corn plants, which can be at one or more stages of development. According to some aspects, a plurality of corn plants in a field can be at a homogeneous or the same (or nearly homogeneous or nearly the same) stage of development, such that the plurality of corn plants have approximately the same height. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is planted in a field.

In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is not planted in the field, but is planted indoors, such as in a greenhouse, and/or in a container holding a growth medium or soil.

A corn field can comprise one or more rows of corn plants of the same or different lengths. As used herein, a “row” comprises at least one corn plant. In an aspect, a row comprises at least two corn plants. Without being limiting, a row of corn plants is planted in a line, and if a corn field comprises two or more rows, they are typically planted parallel to each other. A corn field can comprise one or more rows of corn plants where the rows are of the same or different lengths. Without being limiting, a corn field comprises at least 1 row of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10 rows of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 50 rows of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 500 rows of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 1,000 rows of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5,000 rows of corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10,000 rows of corn plants.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises rows that are spaced at least 5 inches apart. In another aspect, a corn field comprises rows that are spaced at least 10 inches apart. In a further aspect, a corn field comprises rows that are spaced at least 15 inches apart. In an aspect, a corn field comprises rows of corn plants that are spaced at least 20 inches apart. In another aspect, a corn field comprises rows of corn that are spaced at least 25 inches apart. In another aspect, a corn field comprises rows of corn that are spaced at least 30 inches apart. According to some aspects, a corn field can comprise two or more pluralities of corn plants with the pluralities of corn plants being planted with different corn varieties, at different times, at different densities, in different arrangements (e.g., in rows or scattered or random placement), and/or at different row spacings and/or row lengths, such that the pluralities of corn plants have different heights, spacings, etc., at different time points during the growing season, although each plurality of corn plants can be relatively uniform with respect to plant height and other growth metrics.

In an aspect, a field comprises a single plot. In another aspect, a field comprises multiple plots. In another aspect, one or more edges of a field are bordered by a fence. In another aspect, one or more edges of a field are unfenced. In another aspect, one or more edges of a field are bordered by hedges. In an aspect, a field comprises a physically contiguous space. In another aspect, the field comprises a physically non-contiguous space. In still another aspect, the field comprises a biologically contiguous space. As used herein, a “biologically contiguous space” refers to a space where the pollen can move from one section of a field to another. In an aspect, a biologically contiguous field is physically contiguous. In another aspect, a biologically contiguous field is physically non-contiguous (e.g., plots within the field or a single plot within the field can be separated by a structure, without being limiting, such as a road, creek, irrigation ditch, trail, hedgerow, fence, irrigation pipes, fallow field, empty field, non-corn plants).

In an aspect, a field comprises at least 0.5 acres. In an aspect, a field comprises at least 1 acre. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 5 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 10 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 15 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 20 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 25 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 30 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 35 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 40 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 45 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 50 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 75 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 100 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 150 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 200 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 250 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 300 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 350 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 400 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 450 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 500 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 750 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 1000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 1500 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 2000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 2500 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 3000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 4000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 5000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises at least 10,000 acres.

In an aspect, a field comprises between 0.5 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 5 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 10 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 15 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 20 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 25 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 30 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 35 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 40 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 45 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 50 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 75 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 100 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 150 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 200 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 250 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 300 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 350 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 400 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 450 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 500 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 750 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1000 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1500 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 2000 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 2500 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 3000 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 4000 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 5000 acres and 10,000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 2500 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 1000 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 500 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 250 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 100 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 75 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 50 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 25 acres. In another aspect, a field comprises between 1 acre and 10 acres.

In an aspect, a corn field can further comprise plants other than corn plants including, without being limiting, cotton, alfalfa, sunflowers, sorghum, wheat, barley, oat, rice, rye, soybean, vegetables (e.g., potato, tomato, carrot), grass (e.g., bluegrass, Triticale), and weeds. In another aspect, a greenhouse and/or in a container holding a growth medium or soil can further comprise plants other than corn plants including, without being limiting, cotton, alfalfa, sunflowers, sorghum, wheat, barley, oat, rice, rye, soybean, vegetables (e.g., potato, tomato, carrot), grass (e.g., bluegrass, Triticale), and weeds.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 10,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 15,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 20,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 22,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 24,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 26,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 28,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 30,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 32,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 34,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 36,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 38,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 40,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 42,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 44,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 46,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 48,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 50,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 52,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 54,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 56,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 58,000 corn plants per acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises a density of at least 60,000 corn plants per acre.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 10,000 and 50,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 10,000 and 40,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 10,000 and 30,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 10,000 and 25,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 10,000 and 20,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 60,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 58,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 55,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 50,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 45,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 42,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 40,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 38,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 36,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 34,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 32,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 20,000 corn plants and 30,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 24,000 corn plants and 58,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 38,000 corn plants and 60,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises a density of between 38,000 corn plants and 50,000 corn plants per acre.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10 corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 100 corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 100 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 500 corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 500 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 1000 corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 1000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5000 corn plants. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 12,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 12,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 15,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 15,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 18,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 18,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 20,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 20,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 22,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 22,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 24,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 24,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 26,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 26,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 28,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 28,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 30,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 30,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 32,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 32,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 34,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 34,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 36,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 36,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 38,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 38,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 40,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 40,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 42,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 42,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 44,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 44,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 46,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 46,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 48,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 48,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 50,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 50,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 52,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 52,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 54,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 54,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 56,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 56,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 58,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 58,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 60,000 corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 60,000 corn plants per acre.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 10,000 corn plants per acre and 50,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 10,000 corn plants per acre and 40,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 10,000 corn plants per acre and 30,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 10,000 corn plants per acre and 25,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 10,000 corn plants per acre and 20,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 60,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 58,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 55,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 50,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 45,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 42,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 40,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 38,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 36,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 34,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 32,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 20,000 corn plants per acre and 30,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 24,000 corn plants per acre and 58,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 38,000 corn plants per acre and 60,000 corn plants per acre. In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 38,000 corn plants per acre and 50,000 corn plants per acre.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises at least 0.5 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 1 acre. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 3 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 10 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 15 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 20 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 25 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 50 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 75 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 100 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 150 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 200 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 250 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 300 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 350 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 400 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 500 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 750 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 1000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 2500 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises at least 5000 acres.

In an aspect, a corn field comprises between 0.5 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 5 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 25 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 50 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 100 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 200 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 500 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1000 acres and 5000 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 500 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 400 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 300 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 250 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 200 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 150 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 100 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 75 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 50 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 1 acre and 25 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 25 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 50 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 100 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 250 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 10 acres and 500 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 100 acres and 250 acres. In another aspect, a corn field comprises between 100 acres and 500 acres.

Due to the height of modern corn plants, often between 1.9 meters and 2.7 meters, most standard farm equipment is unable to access a corn field through the entire growing season, particularly late season, to apply fertilizers, pesticides, cover crop seeds or other applications to corn fields without risking significant damage to the corn plants. Most standard farm equipment has a maximum above-ground clearance of between approximately 1.52 meters (5 feet) and 1.83 meters (6 feet). However, if the heights of the corn plants (e.g., dwarf or semi-dwarf corn) were relatively shorter during later stages of vegetative growth of development and/or at maturity, a longer (or potentially unlimited) window may be provided for farm equipment to access the field for over-the-top applications without significantly damaging the crop. In addition, farm equipment and applicators at a lower height may typically have limited access into the field during earlier stages of the growing season without damaging the corn plants once the corn plants reach a certain height. For example, it may be desirable to have a wider window of application during V8-V12 stages of corn development with equipment, such as a tractor and toolbar (or other lower height sprayer or dry spreader), having a relatively lower clearance height. In some embodiments, for example, a toolbar for spray applications having a height of about 30 inches above the ground may have an extra six days of field access (e.g., 46 days vs. 40 days after planting with some hybrids), or possibly longer in colder climates due to different growing degree units (GDUs) per calendar day, with short stature semi-dwarf hybrid corn as compared to typical corn hybrids.

As used herein, an “agricultural composition” refers to any composition that can be applied to a corn field. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a fertilizer. In another aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a pesticide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises an herbicide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a fungicide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises an insecticide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a nematicide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises water. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a cover crop seed. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a seed. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises a polynucleotide. In an aspect, an agricultural composition comprises pollen.

As used herein, “applying” refers to any application or method known in the art for providing, applying, delivering, or administering an agricultural composition to a plant or an agricultural field including an agricultural soil or growth medium, which can be carried out with a ground-based agricultural vehicle. Non-limiting examples of “applying” include spraying, dripping, dropping, blowing, casting, pouring, dusting, shaking, sprinkling, squirting, splashing, and topically coating an agricultural composition on or to a plant or agricultural field.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, on or to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, V11 stage or later, V12 stage or later, V13 stage or late, V14 stage or later, V15 stage or later, or R1 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, on or to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, a pesticide, an insecticide, an herbicide, a fungicide, and/or a cover crop seed, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, less than or equal to 0.2 meters, or less than or equal to 0.1 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, less than or equal to 0.2 meters, or less than or equal to 0.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, less than or equal to 0.2 meters, less than or equal to 0.1 meters, less than or equal to 0.09 meters, less than or equal to 0.08 meters, or less than or equal to 0.07 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later.

As used herein, “about” refers to within (e.g., plus or minus) 10% of a stated value. For example, “about 100” refers to between 90 and 110.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V7 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V7 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V7 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, less than or equal to 0.2 meters, less than or equal to 0.1 meters, less than or equal to 0.09 meters, or less than or equal to 0.08 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V7 stage or later.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V8 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, or less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V8 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, or less than or equal to 0.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V8 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, less than or equal to 0.2 meters, or less than or equal to 0.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V8 stage or later.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V9 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V9 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V9 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V9 stage or later.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, 0.4 meters or less, 0.3 meters or less, or 0.2 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V9 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 0.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.2 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.2 meters, 0.3 meters, 0.4 meters, 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, or 1.5 meters, such as at about 6 inches, 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.2 meters above ground, at least 0.3 meters above ground, at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, or at least 2.0 meters above ground.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V10 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V10 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, or less than or equal to 0.7 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V10 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V10 stage or later.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, 0.4 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V10 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, or 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.3 meters, 0.4 meters, 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, or 1.5 meters, such as at about 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, or 60 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.3 meters above ground, at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants within the corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the corn plants comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V11 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V11 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, or less than or equal to 0.8 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V11 stage or later. In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V11 stage or later.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, 0.4 meters or less, or 0.3 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V11 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, or 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.3 meters, 0.4 meters, 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, or 1.8 meters, such as at about 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, or 66 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.3 meters above ground, at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, or at least 2.0 meters above ground.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.1 meters or less, 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, 0.5 meters or less, or 0.4 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V12 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, or 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.4 meters, 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, or 66 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, or at least 2.1 meters above ground.

In another aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plants of the corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters, less than or equal to 2.2 meters, less than or equal to 2.1 meters, less than or equal to 2.0 meters, less than or equal to 1.9 meters, less than or equal to 1.8 meters, less than or equal to 1.7 meters, less than or equal to 1.6 meters, less than or equal to 1.5 meters, less than or equal to 1.4 meters, less than or equal to 1.3 meters, less than or equal to 1.2 meters, less than or equal to 1.1 meters, less than or equal to 1.0 meter, less than or equal to 0.9 meters, less than or equal to 0.8 meters, less than or equal to 0.7 meters, less than or equal to 0.6 meters, or less than or equal to 0.5 meters, less than or equal to 0.4 meters, less than or equal to 0.3 meters, or less than or equal to 0.2 meters, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V13 stage or later. In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.3 meters or less, 2.2 meters or less, 2.1 meters or less, 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V13 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground 0.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.1 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, or 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, at least 2.1 meters above ground, at least 2.2 meters above ground, or at least 2.3 meters above ground.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.4 meters or less, 2.3 meters or less, 2.2 meters or less, 2.1 meters or less, 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, 0.7 meters or less, 0.6 meters or less, or 0.5 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V14 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 0.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.1 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, or 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, or 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, at least 2.1 meters above ground, at least 2.2 meters above ground, or at least 2.3 meters above ground.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.5 meters or less, 2.4 meters or less, 2.3 meters or less, 2.2 meters or less, 2.1 meters or less, 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, or 0.7 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V15 stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 0.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.1 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, or 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.1 meters, or 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, at least 2.1 meters above ground, at least 2.2 meters above ground, at least 2.3 meters above ground, or at least 2.4 meters above ground.

In a further aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn field, comprising applying the agricultural composition to the corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of said corn plants within said corn field are not damaged by the applicator, where the ground-based agricultural vehicle comprises a main body, and where the applicator is attached to the main body, where the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground of 2.5 meters or less, 2.4 meters or less, 2.3 meters or less, 2.2 meters or less, 2.1 meters or less, 2.0 meters or less, 1.9 meters or less, 1.8 meters or less, 1.7 meters or less, 1.6 meters or less, 1.5 meters or less, 1.4 meters or less, 1.3 meters or less, 1.2 meters or less, 1.1 meters or less, 1.0 meter or less, 0.9 meters or less, 0.8 meters or less, or 0.7 meters or less, and where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at VT stage or later. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at a height above ground between 1.1 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, at least 2.1 meters above ground, at least 2.2 meters above ground, at least 2.3 meters above ground, or at least 2.4 meters above ground.

According to embodiments where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle may be at a height above ground between 0.09 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.09 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.1 meters, 0.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.1 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.2 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, or at a height above ground of about 0.5 meters, 0.6 meters, 0.7 meters, 0.8 meters, 0.9 meters, 1.0 meter, 1.1 meters, 1.2 meters, 1.3 meters, 1.4 meters, 1.5 meters, 1.6 meters, 1.7 meters, 1.8 meters, 1.9 meters, or 2.0 meters, such as at about 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, or at least 2.0 meters above ground.

According to embodiments where at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 99%, or 100% of the corn plants are at V12 stage or later, V13 stage or later, V14 stage or later, V15 stage or later, VT stage or later, or R1 stage or later, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle may be at a height above ground between 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters, such as at about 8 inches, 10 inches, 12 inches, 18 inches, 24 inches, 30 inches, 36 inches, 42 inches, 48 inches, 54 inches, 60 inches, 66 inches, or 72 inches, or any other height therebetween. According to some of these embodiments, the lower exterior surface of the main body and/or applicator of the ground-based agricultural vehicle is at least 0.4 meters above ground, at least 0.5 meters above ground, at least 0.6 meters above ground, at least 0.7 meters above ground, at least 0.8 meters above ground, at least 0.9 meters above ground, at least 1.0 meter above ground, at least 1.1 meters above ground, at least 1.2 meters above ground, at least 1.3 meters above ground, at least 1.4 meters above ground, at least 1.5 meters above ground, at least 1.6 meters above ground, at least 1.7 meters above ground, at least 1.8 meters above ground, at least 1.9 meters above ground, at least 2.0 meters above ground, at least 2.1 meters above ground, at least 2.2 meters above ground, at least 2.3 meters above ground, at least 2.4 meters above ground, or at least 2.5 meters above ground.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant is not damaged by the vehicle or applicator, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 2.0 meters, equal to or less than 1.9 meters, equal to or less than 1.8 meters, equal to or less than 1.7 meters, equal to or less than 1.6 meters, equal to or less than 1.5 meters, equal to or less than 1.4 meters, equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, equal to or less than 0.2 meters, equal to or less than 0.1 meters, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant is not damaged by the vehicle or applicator, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.9 meters, equal to or less than 1.8 meters, equal to or less than 1.7 meters, equal to or less than 1.6 meters, equal to or less than 1.5 meters, equal to or less than 1.4 meters, equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, or equal to or less than 0.2 meters meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant is not damaged by the vehicle or applicator, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, equal to or less than 0.2 meters, or equal to or less than 0.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 2.0 meters, equal to or less than 1.9 meters, equal to or less than 1.8 meters, equal to or less than 1.7 meters, equal to or less than 1.6 meters, equal to or less than 1.5 meters, equal to or less than 1.4 meters, equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, equal to or less than 0.2 meters, or equal to or less than 0.1 meters, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 1.9 meters, equal to or less than 1.8 meters, equal to or less than 1.7 meters, equal to or less than 1.6 meters, equal to or less than 1.5 meters, equal to or less than 1.4 meters, equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, or equal to or less than 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition, such as water and/or a fertilizer, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, and/or cover crop seed, to a corn plant comprising applying the agricultural composition on the corn plant from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying the agricultural composition, where the corn plant comprises a height of equal to or less than 2.0 meters, equal to or less than 1.9 meters, equal to or less than 1.8 meters, equal to or less than 1.7 meters, equal to or less than 1.6 meters, equal to or less than 1.5 meters, equal to or less than 1.4 meters, equal to or less than 1.3 meters, equal to or less than 1.2 meters, equal to or less than 1.1 meters, equal to or less than 1.0 meter, equal to or less than 0.9 meters, equal to or less than 0.8 meters, equal to or less than 0.7 meters, equal to or less than 0.6 meters, equal to or less than 0.5 meters, equal to or less than 0.4 meters, equal to or less than 0.3 meters, equal to or less than 0.2 meters, or equal to or less than 0.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf, and where the corn plant is at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later.

Corn leaves consist of four main anatomical parts: a proximal sheath, a ligule, an auricle, and a distal blade. The sheath wraps around the stem and younger leaves, while the blade is flattened in the mediolateral axis (midrib to margin). The ligule and auricle are found at the blade/sheath boundary; the ligule is an adaxial (upper) membranous structure that acts as a collar around the stem, and the auricle is a projection on the lower surface of the blade base that connects the blade to the sheath. Stages of corn plant growth are divided into vegetative (V) stages and reproductive (R) stages. Upon germination, a corn plant is said to be in VE stage (emergence). Once the first leaf collar (e.g., the ligule) is visible, the corn plant is in the V1 stage. The emergence of the second leaf collar signifies V2 stage; the emergence of the third leaf collar signifies the V3 stage; and so on until the tassel emerges. For example, if twelve leaf collars are visible, the plant is a V12 stage plant. Once the bottom-most branch of the tassel emerges the plant is in VT stage, which is the final vegetative stage. The reproductive stage of growth occurs after the vegetative stage. The number of vegetative stages prior to VT stage can vary by environment and corn line. The first reproductive stage (R1; silking stage) occurs when silk is visible outside the husk leaves surrounding an ear of corn. R2 (blistering stage) occurs when corn kernels are white on the outside and are filled with a clear liquid inside. R3 (milk stage) occurs when the kernels are yellow on the outside and are filled with a milky white fluid inside. R4 (dough stage) occurs when the kernels are filled with a thick, or pasty, fluid. In some corn lines the cob will also turn pink or red at this stage. R5 (dent stage) occurs when a majority of the kernels are at least partially dented. The final reproductive stage, R6 (physiological maturity), occurs when the kernels have attained their maximum dry weight. According to present embodiments, corn developmental stages are defined according to the Iowa State University (ISU) method. See, e.g., Ritchie, S. W. et al., How a corn plant develops. Special Report No. 48, Iowa State University, CES, Ames, Iowa, reprinted 1996, the entire contents and disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 75% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 85% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, at least 95% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at VT stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are at R6 stage or later.

The height of a corn plant can be measured using a variety of methods known in the art. The height of a corn plant can be measured at V6 stage, V7 stage, V8 stage, V9 stage, V10 stage, V11 stage, V12 stage, V13 stage, V14 stage, V15 stage, VT stage, R1 stage, R2 stage, R3 stage, R4 stage, R5 stage, or R6 stage. The height of a corn plant can also be determined based on a variety of anatomical locations on a corn plant. In an aspect, the height of a corn plant is measured as the distance between the top of the soil or ground and the ligule or collar of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf of a corn plant. As used herein, a “fully-expanded leaf” is a leaf where the leaf blade is exposed and both the ligule and auricle are visible at the blade/sheath boundary. In another aspect, the height of a corn plant is measured as the distance between the top of the soil or ground and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil or ground (i.e., of the uppermost leaf). In a further aspect, the height of a corn plant is measured as the distance between the top of the soil or ground and the arch of the highest corn leaf that is at least 50% developed. In still a further aspect, the height of a corn plant is measured as the distance between the top of the soil or ground and the anatomical part of the corn plant that is farthest from the soil or ground (i.e., from the top of the soil or ground), such as the uppermost surface of the leaf farthest away from the ground or soil. Exemplary, non-limiting methods of measuring plant height include comparing photographs of corn plants to a height reference, or physically measuring individual corn plants with a suitable ruler. If not otherwise stated, the height of a corn plant for the present disclosure is measured as the distance between the top of the soil or ground and the ligule or collar of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf of a corn plant. If not otherwise stated, all descriptions herein with regard to the plant height of a population of plants can refer to either the average plant height among the population of plants or, if stated, the percentage(s) of plants among the population of plants.

As used herein, the term “ground” or “ground level” used in relation to a corn plant, such as to measure plant height, refers to the top or uppermost surface of the growth medium or soil (e.g., earth) from which the corn plant grows.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.1 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In another aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.09 meters where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.1 meters at V6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.09 meters at V6 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.1 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.09 meters at V6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V7 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.1 meters at V7 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.1 meters at V7 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V8 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V8 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V8 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V9 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V9 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.2 meters at V9 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V10 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V10 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V10 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V11 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V11 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.3 meters at V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of between 0.07 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.07 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.07 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.07 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.07 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.07 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.07 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.07 meters and 0.1 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.08 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.08 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.08 meters and 0.1 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.09 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.09 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.09 meters and 0.1 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.1 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.2 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, or 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of between 0.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.1 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.1 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.1 meters and 0.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.2 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, or 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters at V6 stage or later, V7 stage or later, V8 stage or later, V9 stage or later, V10 stage or later, or V11 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V12 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V12 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.4 meters at V12 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V13 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V13 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.5 meters at V13 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V14 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V14 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.7 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.6 meters at V14 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V15 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V15 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.0 meter at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.9 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 0.8 meters at V15 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at VT stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at VT stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.1 meters at VT stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R1 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R1 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of between 0.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.2 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.2 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.2 meters and 0.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.3 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.3 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.3 meters and 0.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.4 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.4 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.4 meters and 0.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.5 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.5 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.5 meters and 0.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.6 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.6 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.6 meters and 0.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.7 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.7 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.7 meters and 0.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.1 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.2 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.1 meters, or 2.1 meters and 2.2 meters at V12 stage or later, V13 stage or later, V14 stage or later, V15 stage or later, VT stage or later, or R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule (or collar) of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of between 0.8 meters and 2.7 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.6 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.8 meters and 1.0 meter, 0.8 meters and 0.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.7 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.6 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.9 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.8 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.7 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.6 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.5 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.4 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.3 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.2 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.1 meters, 0.9 meters and 1.0 meter, 1.0 meter and 2.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.1 meters, 1.0 meter and 2.0 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.9 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.8 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.7 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.6 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.5 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.4 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.3 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.2 meters, 1.0 meter and 1.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.1 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.1 meters and 1.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.2 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.2 meters and 1.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.3 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.3 meters and 1.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.4 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.4 meters and 1.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.5 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.5 meters and 1.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.6 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.6 meters and 1.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.7 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.7 meters and 1.8 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.8 meters and 2.0 meters, 1.8 meters and 1.9 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.7 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.6 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.5 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.4 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.3 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.2 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.1 meters, 1.9 meters and 2.0 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.6 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.5 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.4 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.3 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.2 meters, 2.0 meters and 2.1 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.6 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.5 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.4 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.3 meters, 2.1 meters and 2.2 meters, 2.2 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.2 meters and 2.6 meters, 2.2 meters and 2.5 meters, 2.2 meters and 2.4 meters, 2.2 meters and 2.3 meters, 2.3 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.3 meters and 2.6 meters, 2.3 meters and 2.5 meters, 2.3 meters and 2.4 meters, 2.4 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.4 meters and 2.6 meters, 2.4 meters and 2.5 meters, 2.5 meters and 2.7 meters, 2.5 meters and 2.6 meters, or 2.6 meters and 2.7 meters at V12 stage or later, V13 stage or later, V14 stage or later, V15 stage or later, VT stage or later, or R1 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R2 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R2 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R2 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R3 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R3 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R3 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R4 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R4 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R4 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R5 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R5 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R5 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R6 stage or later. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R6 stage or later.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.5 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.4 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.3 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the uppermost leaf surface of the leaf farthest from the soil.

In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.1 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.0 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.9 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.8 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.7 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.6 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.5 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.4 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.3 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf. In an aspect, the corn plants of a corn field provided herein comprise an average height of less than or equal to 1.2 meters at R6 stage or later where the height is measured as the distance between the soil and the ligule of the uppermost fully-expanded leaf.

As used herein, “detasseled” corn refers to corn where the pollen-producing flowers, or tassel, has been removed. Detasseling is typically performed before the tassel can shed pollen. Detasseling can be accomplished via machine detasseling, manual detasseling, or a combination of both machine and manual detasseling. Detasseling often removes the uppermost leaves of the corn plant along with the developing tassel. Detasseled corn plants retain their female flowers, which eventually produce kernels on the ear.

In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled. In another aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled. In another aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled. In another aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled. In another aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled. In another aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein have been detasseled.

In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where at least 50% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where at least 60% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where at least 70% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where at least 80% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where at least 90% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, an agricultural composition is applied to a corn field where 100% of the corn plants have been detasseled.

In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where at least 50% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where at least 60% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where at least 70% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where at least 80% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where at least 90% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a fertilizer is applied to a corn field where 100% of the corn plants have been detasseled.

In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where at least 50% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where at least 60% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where at least 70% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where at least 80% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where at least 90% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a pesticide is applied to a corn field where 100% of the corn plants have been detasseled.

In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where at least 50% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where at least 60% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where at least 70% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where at least 80% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where at least 90% of the corn plants have been detasseled. In another aspect, a cover crop seed is applied to a corn field where 100% of the corn plants have been detasseled.

Female corn plants are often detasseled when a grower desires to produce hybrid corn seed. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is an inbred corn plant. As used herein, the term “inbred” means a line that has been bred for genetic homogeneity. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is a hybrid corn plant. As used herein, the term “hybrid” means a progeny of mating between at least two genetically dissimilar parents or inbreds. Without limitation, examples of mating schemes include single crosses, modified single cross, double modified single cross, three-way cross, modified three-way cross, and double cross wherein at least one parent in a modified cross is the progeny of a cross between sister lines.

As an alternative to detasseling, female corn plants can be treated with a chemical hybridizing agent or glyphosate (e.g., Roundup®) to cause male sterility as understood in the art. However, the shorter heights of female corn plants in a production field as provided herein are more accessible for the over-the-top treatment of the chemical hybridizing agent or glyphosate (or Roundup®) with standard farming equipment without damaging the female corn plants. In an aspect, methods are provided for planting and treating shorter female corn plants in a seed production field as described herein with a chemical hybridizing agent or glyphosate (or Roundup®) to induce male sterility, wherein the chemical hybridizing agent or glyphosate (or Roundup®) can be applied with standard farm equipment without damaging the plants. Thus, according to some embodiments, an agricultural composition as provided herein may be a chemical hybridizing agent, herbicide or glyphosate (e.g., Roundup®) to induce male sterility.

One system that can be employed to induce male sterility in female corn plants is the Roundup® hybridization system (RHS), wherein the male reproductive tissues or tassels are unable to produce pollen following treatment with glyphosate during an appropriate window of plant development. In one RHS system, corn plants (or female corn plants) in a seed production field have a Roundup® or glyphosate resistant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) transgene, but due to the combination expression elements, the expression of the transgene in male reproductive tissues is low. As a result, when these corn plants (or female corn plants) are treated with glyphosate, their male reproductive structures or tassels do not develop to produce pollen. In a second generation RHS system (RHS2), the corn plants (or female corn plants) in a seed production field have a Roundup® or glyphosate resistant 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) transgene that further contains in its 3′ untranslated region (UTR) a target site for an endogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) expressed specifically in male tissues. Thus, expression of the transgene is suppressed in the male reproductive tissues to render those tissues susceptible to Roundup® or glyphosate treatment. Accordingly, corn plants (or female corn plants) containing this transgene can be made male sterile and unable to produce pollen by Roundup® or glyphosate treatment. According to some embodiments, corn plants (or female corn plants) comprise a RHS event, such as MON 87427 (see, e.g., U.S. Application Pub. No. 2011/0126310, the entire contents and disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference) or MON 87429 (see, e.g., U.S. Provisional App. No. 62/625,537, the entire contents and disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference). In addition to the RHS system, other chemical hybridizing agents (CHAs) known in the art could be used to make corn plants male sterile. As an additional alternative, shorter female corn plants in a seed production field have cytoplasmic male sterility without application of a chemical hybridizing agent or glyphosate (e.g., Roundup®).

As used herein, the term “cytoplasmic male sterility” or “CMS” refers to a condition where a corn plant is partially or fully incapable of producing functional pollen. As known in the art, cytoplasmic male sterility is a maternally inherited trait that is commonly associated with unusual open reading frames within the mitochondrial genome which cause cytoplasmic dysfunction. In an aspect, a corn plant or female corn plant provided herein is a cytoplasmic male sterile corn plant.

According to another set of embodiments, methods are provided for applying, spraying, distributing, casting, dropping, etc., pollen to one or more corn plants or “female” corn plants (e.g., a plurality of female corn plants) in a seed production field, wherein such (female) corn plants may be arranged in rows. Such application of pollen can be used to pollinate the female reproductive structures or ears of the (female) corn plants. Such methods for application of pollen may be used to augment or improve seed production and/or to reduce or eliminate the presence or number of “male” corn plants (or male corn plant rows) in the same production field. Due to the shorter plant height at later vegetative and reproductive stages of development, such application of pollen can be applied over-the-top by a ground-based agricultural vehicle to pollinate the female plants without the ground-based vehicle significantly or severely damaging the plants. Thus, according to some embodiments, an agricultural composition comprises pollen. According to another embodiment, a ground-based agricultural vehicle may be a pollinating device or vehicle that promotes or enhances the efficient release, distribution or spreading of pollen from male plants to female plants. Due to the shorter plant height at later vegetative and reproductive stages of development, such a ground-based pollination device or vehicle could be used without significantly or severely damaging the plants. See, e.g., PCT Application Publication No. WO 2018/129302, the entire contents and disclosure of which are incorporated herein by reference.

As used herein, “cultivar” and “variety” are used synonymously and mean a group of plants within a species (e.g., Z. mays L.) that share certain genetic traits that separate them from other possible varieties within that species. Corn cultivars can be inbreds or hybrids, though commercial corn cultivars are mostly hybrids to take advantage of hybrid vigor. Individuals within a corn hybrid cultivar are homogeneous, nearly genetically identical, with most loci in the heterozygous state.

A corn field is considered to be “harvested” when at least one ear has been removed from most, all, or a majority of the corn plants in the field. As such, an “unharvested” corn plant has not had any ears purposely removed. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein is an unharvested corn field. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a corn field provided herein are unharvested.

Corn plant height varies depending on the line or variety grown, whether the plant is a hybrid or inbred, and environmental conditions. Although corn plants can reach a height of over 3.6 meters by maturity, a height of around 2.0-2.5 meters by maturity is more common. If corn plants can be made shorter, such as with a dwarf or semi-dwarf plant height and architecture, while preserving the agricultural benefits and uses of the crop plant, then improved methods would become available for accessing those corn plants with standard farm equipment at later stages of development without causing crop damage that would otherwise occur with standard corn plant heights at those stages.

Methods are thus provided herein for accessing shorter, dwarf or semi-dwarf corn plants and varieties at various stages of development (e.g., less than or equal to 2.0 meters, etc., at maturity) with standard farm equipment, possibly up to and including the time of harvest. Dwarf and semi-dwarf corn plants and varieties may also allow or permit an extended window for access with standard farm equipment at earlier stages of development (e.g., less than or equal to 1.6 meters, etc.). The reduction in the maximum plant height at maturity can be achieved in different ways. Shorter corn plant heights can also extend the time window until the crop plant reaches a given height, to enable and optimize in-season application of water, fertilizer, and control of pests and diseases at later stages, by farm equipment of limited height clearance. The ability to apply water, fungicide, herbicide, insecticide, pesticide, and/or fertilizer at later developmental stage(s) (e.g., during late vegetative and/or reproductive stage(s) of development) can have a significant impact on yield of the crop plant. Such applications can improve plant growth, leaf characteristics and the amount of nutrients available for the corn plant to devote or contribute to the developing ear.

In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is a dwarf corn plant. As used herein, a “dwarf” plant refers to an atypically small plant. Generally, such a “dwarf plant” has a stature or height that is reduced from that of a control wild-type plant (e.g., a sibling plant comprising all other traits except the dwarf trait) by about 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60% or greater.

In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 50% dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 60% dwarf corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 70% dwarf corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 80% dwarf corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 90% dwarf corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises 100% dwarf corn plants.

In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is a semi-dwarf corn plant. As used herein, a “semi-dwarf plant” refers to a plant having a stature or height that is reduced relative to a control wild-type plant by about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, or less. Such a semi-dwarf plant can be characterized by a reduced stem, stalk, or trunk length when compared to the control wild-type plant under comparable growth conditions, which can result from fewer internodes or shorter average internode length. As used herein, an “internode” refers to the region between two nodes on a corn stalk, and a “node” refers to the point on the corn stalk (e.g., stem) where leaves and/or ears originate.

In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 50% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 60% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 70% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 80% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 90% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 95% semi-dwarf corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises 100% semi-dwarf corn plants.

According to another aspect of the present disclosure, it is proposed that, besides offering a longer time window for field access by standard farm equipment, shorter corn plants can also exhibit less root and stalk lodging and/or increased standability at or after the normal time of harvest, which may allow for more flexibility in how long corn is left in the field after drying down and/or allow for direct harvesting of hybrid seeds in a production field. In another aspect, shorter corn plants are left in a corn field post maturity and can afford a much longer time period for harvesting seeds without significantly jeopardizing the eventual seed yield. As used herein, “standability” refers to the ability of a plant to stand upright in a position that enables it to be harvested by standard farm equipment (e.g., a combine harvester). Corn plants with better standability, such as dwarf corn plants, semi-dwarf corn plants, and brachytic corn plants, are resistant to lodging. As used herein, “lodging” can refer to either “stalk lodging” or “root lodging.” Stalk lodging occurs when the corn plant stalk is severely bent or broken below the ear. Root lodging occurs when the corn plant is leaning at an angle (e.g., greater than or equal to 45° relative to perpendicular from the ground, or at an angle less than 45° relative to the ground).

In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein has improved lodging resistance relative to an unmodified control plant.

As used herein, the term “plurality” in reference to an item means two or more of such items. For example, a “plurality of plants” means two or more plants.

As used herein, the phrase “at least one” in reference to something (e.g., any object, method step, etc.) means one or more of that something. For example, “at least one plant” or “at least one plants” each means one or more plants. Accordingly, “at least one” can include one or a plurality. Thus, where the present disclosure provides “one or more” of something or “at least one” of something, then the description further supports a plurality of that something.

As used herein, a “control plant” refers to a wild-type plant that does not have or exhibit a trait or phenotype to be analyzed, such as reduced plant height or stature.

In an aspect, any mutant allele, mutation (e.g., without being limiting, a deletion, inversion, insertion, or combinations thereof) or transgene provided herein is present in the genome of a female plant. In an aspect, any mutant allele, mutation (e.g., without being limiting, a deletion, inversion, insertion, or combinations thereof) or transgene provided herein is present in the genome of a male plant.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides corn plants comprising a dominant mutant allele. In an aspect, this disclosure provides corn plants comprising a semi-dominant mutant allele. Dominant alleles are alleles that mask the contribution of a second allele at the same locus. A dominant allele can be a “dominant negative allele” or a “dominant positive allele.” Dominant negative alleles, or antimorphs, are alleles that act in opposition to normal allelic function. A dominant negative allele typically does not function normally and either directly inhibits the activity of a wild-type protein (e.g., through dimerization) or inhibits the activity of a second protein that is required for the normal function of the wild-type protein (e.g., an activator or a downstream component of a pathway). For example, a dominant negative allele abrogates or reduces the normal function of an allele in a heterozygous or homozygous state. Dominant positive alleles can increase normal gene function (e.g., a hypermorph) or provide new functions for a gene (e.g., a neomorph). A semi-dominant allele occurs when penetrance of a linked phenotype in individuals heterozygous for the allele is less than that which is observed in individuals homozygous for the allele.

Creation of dominant alleles that work in a heterozygous state, can speed up effective trait development, deployment, and launch of gene editing-derived products in hybrid crops such as corn. Dominant negative alleles have the potential advantage of providing a positive or beneficial plant trait in a heterozygous state—e.g., when present in a single copy. As a result, a dominant negative mutant allele can be introduced through crossing into a progeny plant from a single parent without having to introduce the allele from both parent plants as with a recessive allele.

In an aspect, a dominant mutant allele is a dominant negative allele. In an aspect, a dominant mutant allele is a dominant positive allele.

In an aspect, a dominant mutant allele or a semi-dominant mutant allele comprises an insertion, an inversion, a deletion, or any combination thereof as compared to a wildtype allele of a gene.

In an aspect, a mutant allele provided herein is a dominant mutant allele. In an aspect, a mutant allele provided herein is a semi-dominant mutant allele. In an aspect, a mutant allele provided herein is a dominant negative mutant allele.

In an aspect, a female corn plant is a modified corn plant. In another aspect, a female inbred corn plant is a modified corn plant. In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a dominant mutant allele(s) or transgene. In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a semi-dominant mutant allele(s). In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a dominant negative mutant allele. In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is heterozygous or hemizygous for a dominant mutant allele or transgene. In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is heterozygous or hemizygous for a semi-dominant mutant allele or transgene. In an aspect, a modified plant provided herein is heterozygous for a dominant negative mutant allele. As used herein, “modified”, in the context of plants, seeds, plant components, plant cells, and plant genomes, refers to a state containing changes or variations from their natural or native state. According to an aspect, a modified corn plant, which may be a female corn plant, has a shorter plant height as compared to a control plant and/or a male corn plant.

As used herein, the term “control plant” (or likewise a “control” plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome) refers to a plant (or plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome) that is used for comparison to a modified plant (or modified plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome) and has the same or similar genetic background (e.g., same parental lines, hybrid cross, inbred line, testers, etc.) as the modified plant (or plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome), except for a transgenic event and/or genome edit(s) (e.g., an inversion or antisense insertion) affecting one or more genes. For example, a control plant may be an inbred line that is the same as the inbred line used to make the modified plant, or a control plant may be the product of the same hybrid cross of inbred parental lines as the modified plant, except for the absence in the control plant of any transgenic or genome edit(s) affecting one or more GA oxidase or br2 genes. Similarly, an unmodified control plant refers to a plant that shares a substantially similar or essentially identical genetic background as a modified plant, but without the one or more engineered changes to the genome (e.g., transgene, mutation or edit) of the modified plant. For purposes of comparison to a modified plant, plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome, a “wild-type plant” (or likewise a “wild-type” plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome) refers to a non-transgenic and non-genome edited control plant, plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome. As used herein, a “control” plant, plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome may also be a plant, plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome having a similar (but not the same or identical) genetic background to a modified plant, plant seed, plant part, plant cell and/or plant genome, if deemed sufficiently similar for comparison of the characteristics or traits to be analyzed.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant mutant allele in a GA3 oxidase gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant mutant allele in a brachytic2 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a semi-dominant mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a semi-dominant mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a semi-dominant mutant allele in a GA3 oxidase gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a semi-dominant mutant allele in a brachytic2 gene.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant negative mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant negative mutant allele in a GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant negative mutant allele in a GA3 oxidase gene. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a dominant negative mutant allele in a brachytic2 gene.

In an aspect, a female corn plant is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutant allele or transgene provided herein. In an aspect, a female corn plant is heterozygous for a mutant allele provided herein. In an aspect, a male corn plant is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutant allele or transgene provided herein. In an aspect, a male corn plant is heterozygous for a mutant allele provided herein. In an aspect, a corn plant is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutant allele or transgene provided herein. In an aspect, a corn plant is heterozygous for a mutant allele provided herein.

In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele generates an antisense RNA transcript capable of triggering suppression of an unmodified or wildtype allele of the gene. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele encodes a truncated protein as compared to an unmodified allele of the gene. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele generates at least one RNA transcript capable of forming a hairpin-loop secondary structure. In an aspect, the coding sequence of a dominant negative mutant allele is operably linked to a promoter of the native copy of the gene. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele comprises a heterologous non-coding RNA target site in the endogenous locus of the gene. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele comprises an inverted copy of the gene, or a portion thereof, adjacent to a wildtype copy of the gene at the endogenous locus of the gene. As used herein, a “portion” of a gene refers to at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 250, at least 500, at least 1000, or at least 2500 consecutive nucleotides of the gene. As used herein, “adjacent” refers to a nucleic acid sequence that is in close proximity, or next to another nucleic acid sequence. In one aspect, adjacent nucleic acid sequences are physically linked. In another aspect, adjacent nucleic acid sequences or genes are immediately next to each other such that there are no intervening nucleotides between the end of a first nucleic acid sequence and the start of a second nucleic acid sequence. In an aspect, a first gene and a second gene are adjacent to each other if they are separated by less than 50,000, less than 25,000, less than 10,000, less than 9000, less than 8000, less than 7000, less than 6000, less than 5000, less than 4000, less than 3000, less than 2500, less than 2000, less than 1750, less than 1500, less than 1250, less than 1000, less than 900, less than 800, less than 700, less than 600, less than 500, less than 400, less than 300, less than 200, less than 100, less than 75, less than 50, less than 25, less than 20, less than 10, less than 5, less than 4, less than 3, less than 2, or less than 1 nucleotides.

In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele comprises a deletion of a portion of a chromosome between a first region of the gene and a second region of the gene, wherein an antisense RNA transcript of the first region of the gene is generated following the deletion of the portion of the chromosome. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele comprises a first promoter and a second promoter separated by an intervening region, wherein the first promoter and the second promoter are positioned in opposite orientations, wherein the second promoter generates at least one antisense RNA transcript, and wherein expression of the gene is reduced as compared to a control corn plant that lacks the dominant negative mutant allele. In an aspect, a dominant negative mutant allele comprises a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter inserted into the gene in reverse orientation as compared to the native promoter of the gene, wherein the tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter generates at least one antisense RNA transcript, and wherein expression of the gene is reduced as compared to a control corn plant that lacks the dominant negative mutant allele.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides corn plants comprising a dominant or semi-dominant transgene or mutant allele of a gene that causes a short stature phenotype. As used herein, a “short stature phenotype” refers to a dwarf corn plant, a semi-dwarf corn plant, or a brachytic corn plant. In an aspect, a plant is homozygous (or biallelic) for a transgene. In an aspect, a plant is heterozygous for a transgene. In an aspect, a plant is hemizygous for a transgene. In an aspect, a corn plant is homozygous (or biallelic) for a transgene provided herein. In an aspect, a corn plant is heterozygous for a transgene provided herein. In an aspect, a corn plant is hemizygous for a transgene provided herein.

In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA20 oxidase gene. In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous GA3 oxidase gene. In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant polynucleotide encoding an RNA molecule that suppresses expression of an endogenous br2 gene. In an aspect, a recombinant polynucleotide is operably linked to a promoter. In an aspect, a transgene comprises a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein.

There are different ways in which a corn plant can be made to have a shorter semi-dwarf plant height. According to many aspects, a corn plant can be made shorter or semi-dwarf relative to a control plant by lowering the level(s) of active GAs in one or more tissue(s) of the plant, such as by suppressing, mutating or editing a GA oxidase gene in the corn plant. In an aspect, a corn plant or plurality of corn plants provided herein can each comprise a recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence, where the recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence comprises a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule that targets at least one endogenous GA20 or GA3 oxidase gene for suppression. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise suppressed GA3 oxidase gene expression in one or more tissues as compared to a wild-type control plant. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise suppressed GA20 oxidase gene expression in one or more tissues as compared to a wild-type control plant. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a mutation at or near an endogenous GA oxidase gene, where the expression level of the endogenous GA oxidase gene is reduced or eliminated in the corn plant, and where the corn plant has a shorter plant height as compared to a wild-type control plant. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a recombinant polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of one or more GA20 oxidase and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) and/or mRNA(s) transcribed therefrom. Alternatively, a corn plant provided herein comprises one or more mutation(s) or edit(s) in one or more GA20 oxidase and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s). In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a mutation or edit in a GA20 oxidase locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutations and/or edits in one or more GA20 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or edit in one or more GA20 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a mutation or edit in a GA3 oxidase locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutations and/or edits in one or more GA3 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or edit in a one or more GA3 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a GA20 oxidase gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom.

According to other aspects, a corn plant(s) can have a mutation or edit in an auxin, brassinosteroid, jasmonic acid, cell cycle regulation, and/or other pathway gene(s) that are shown to affect plant height. According to yet further embodiments, a corn plant(s) can be made shorter by application of one or more chemistries, such as GA inhibitors, known to affect plant height. Additional information regarding chemistries, such as GA inhibitors, can be found in WO 2017/011791 and U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2019/0014730 and 2019/0014731, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties. According to another aspect, a corn plant or plurality of corn plants provided herein can comprise a mutation, edit or mutant allele in one or more loci or genes, or a transgene targeting such one or more loci or genes, that have been associated with a short stature phenotype in corn, such as one or more of the following native corn genes: anther ear 1 (An1), brachytic 1 (Br1), brevis plant 1 (Bv1) or brachytic 3 (br3), crinkly 4 (Cr4), compact plant 2 (Ct2), dwarf plant 1 (d1), dwarf plant 8 (d8), dwarf plant 9 (d9), nana plant 1 (Na1), nana plant 2 (Na2), non-chromosomal stripe 3 (Nsc3), narrow leaf dwarf (Nld1), reduced plant/(Rd1), semi-dwarf/(Sdw1), semi-dwarf 2 (Sdw2), tangled 1 (Tan1), terminal ear 1 (Te1), and vanishing tassel 2 (Vt2). In an aspect, a corn plant(s) is heterozygous for a mutation or edit in one of the foregoing native corn genes. In an aspect, a corn plant(s) is homozygous for one or more mutation(s) and/or edit(s) in one of the foregoing native corn genes. In an aspect, a corn plant is biallelic for a first mutation and/or edit and a second mutation and/or edit in one of the foregoing native corn genes.

In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein has a shorter plant height and/or improved lodging resistance relative to an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein exhibits an at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 2.5%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% reduction in plant height at maturity relative to an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein exhibits a plant height reduction of between 1% and 50%, between 1% and 40%, between 1% and 30%, between 1% and 20%, between 1% and 10%, 5% and 50%, between 5% and 40%, between 5% and 30%, between 5% and 20%, or between 5% and 10% at maturity relative to an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein comprises a stalk or stem diameter, at one or more stem internodes, that is at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 2.5%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% greater than the stalk or stem diameter at the same one or more stem internodes of an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein comprises a stalk or stem diameter at one or more of the first, second, third, and/or fourth internode positions below the ear that is at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 2.5%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% greater than the diameter of the same internode of an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein does not have any significant off-types in at least one female organ or ear. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein exhibits essentially no reproductive abnormality.

Gibberellins (gibberellic acids or GAs) are plant hormones that regulate a number of major plant growth and developmental processes. Manipulation of GA levels in semi-dwarf wheat, rice and sorghum plant varieties led to increased yield and reduced lodging in these cereal crops during the 20^thcentury, which was largely responsible for the Green Revolution. However, successful yield gains in other cereal crops, such as corn, have not been realized through manipulation of the GA pathway. Corn or maize is unique among the grain-producing grasses in that it forms separate male (tassel) and female (ear) inflorescences, and mutations in the GA pathway in corn have been shown to negatively impact reproductive development. Indeed, some mutations in the GA pathway genes in corn have been associated with various off-types that are incompatible with yield, which has led researchers away from finding semi-dwarf, high-yielding corn varieties via manipulation of the GA pathway.

Despite these prior difficulties in achieving higher grain yields in corn through manipulation of the GA pathway, PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/047405 describes a way to manipulate active GA levels in corn plants in a manner that reduces overall plant height and stem internode length and increases resistance to lodging, but does not cause the reproductive off-types previously associated with mutations of the GA pathway in corn. Further evidence indicates that these short stature or semi-dwarf corn plants with reduced GA levels can also have one or more additional yield and/or stress tolerance traits, including increased stem diameter, reduced green snap, deeper roots, increased leaf area, earlier canopy closure, higher stomatal conductance, lower ear height, increased foliar water content, improved drought tolerance, increased nitrogen use efficiency, increased water use efficiency, reduced anthocyanin content and area in leaves under normal or nitrogen or water limiting stress conditions, increased ear weight, increased kernel number, increased kernel weight, increased yield, and/or increased harvest index.

Active or bioactive gibberellic acids (i.e., “active gibberellins” or “active GAs”) are known in the art for a given plant species, as distinguished from inactive GAs. For example, active GAs in corn and higher plants include the following: GA1, GA3, GA4, and GA7. Thus, an “active GA-producing tissue” is a plant tissue that produces one or more active GAs. In an aspect, a modified corn plant comprises a level of one or more active GAs in at least one internode tissue of a stem or stalk that is at least 1%, at least 2%, at least 2.5%, at least 3%, at least 4%, at least 5%, at least 6%, at least 7%, at least 8%, at least 9%, at least 10%, at least 11%, at least 12%, at least 13%, at least 14%, at least 15%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 35%, at least 40%, at least 45%, or at least 50% lower than the level of the one or more active GAs in the same internode tissue of an unmodified control plant. In an aspect, a modified corn plant provided herein comprises a lower level of one or more active GAs in at least one internode tissue of a stem or stalk as compared to the same internode tissue of an unmodified control plant.

Certain biosynthetic enzymes (e.g., GA20 oxidase and GA3 oxidase) and catabolic enzymes (e.g., GA2 oxidase) in the GA pathway participate in GA synthesis and degradation, respectively, to affect active GA levels in plant tissues. Thus, in addition to suppression of certain GA20 oxidase genes, it is further proposed that suppression of a GA3 oxidase gene in a constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred manner can also produce corn plants having a short stature phenotype and increased lodging resistance, with possible increased yield, but without off-types in the ear.

Without being bound by theory, it is proposed that incomplete suppression of GA20 or GA3 oxidase gene(s) and/or targeting of a subset of one or more GA oxidase gene(s) can be effective in achieving a short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype with increased resistance to lodging, but without reproductive off-types in the ear. It is further proposed, without being limited by theory, that restricting the suppression of GA20 and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) to certain active GA-producing tissues, such as the vascular and/or leaf tissues of the plant, can be sufficient to produce a short-stature plant with increased lodging resistance, but without significant off-types in reproductive tissues. Expression of a GA20 or GA3 oxidase suppression element in a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred manner can be sufficient and effective at producing plants with the short stature phenotype, while avoiding potential off-types in reproductive tissues that were previously observed with GA mutants in corn (e.g., by avoiding or limiting the suppression of the GA20 oxidase gene(s) in those reproductive tissues). For example, GA20 and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) can be targeted for suppression using a vascular promoter, such as a rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) promoter, that drives expression in vascular tissues of plants. The expression pattern of the RTBV promoter is enriched in vascular tissues of corn plants relative to non-vascular tissues, which is sufficient to produce a semi-dwarf phenotype in corn plants when operably linked to a suppression element targeting GA20 and GA3 oxidase gene(s). Lowering of active GA levels in tissue(s) of a corn plant that produce active GAs can reduce plant height and increase lodging resistance, and off-types can be avoided in those plants if active GA levels are not also significantly impacted or lowered in reproductive tissues, such as the developing female organ or ear of the plant. If active GA levels could be reduced in the stalk, stem, or internode(s) of corn or cereal plants without significantly affecting GA levels in reproductive tissues (e.g., the female or male reproductive organs or inflorescences), then corn or cereal plants having reduced plant height and increased lodging resistance could be created without off-types in the reproductive tissues of the plant.

Without being limited by theory, it is further proposed that short stature, semi-dwarf phenotypes in corn plants can result from a sufficient level of expression of a suppression construct targeting certain GA oxidase gene(s) in active GA-producing tissue(s) of the plant. For targeted suppression of certain GA20 oxidase genes in corn, restricting the pattern of expression to avoid reproductive ear tissues may not be necessary to avoid reproductive off-types in the developing ear. However, expression of a GA20 oxidase suppression construct at low levels, and/or in a limited number of plant tissues, can be insufficient to cause a significant short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype. Given that the observed semi-dwarf phenotype with targeted GA20 oxidase suppression is the result of shortening the stem internodes of the plant, it was surprisingly found that suppression of GA20 oxidase genes in at least some stem tissues was not sufficient to cause shortening of the internodes and reduced plant height. Without being bound by theory, it is proposed that suppression of certain GA oxidase gene(s) in tissue(s) and/or cell(s) of the plant where active GAs are produced, and not necessarily in stem or internode tissue(s), can be sufficient to produce semi-dwarf plants, even though the short stature trait is due to shortening of the stem internodes. Given that GAs can migrate through the vasculature of the plant, manipulating GA oxidase genes in plant tissue(s) where active GAs are produced can result in a short stature, semi-dwarf plant, even though this may be largely achieved by suppressing the level of active GAs produced in non-stem tissues (i.e., away from the site of action in the stem where reduced internode elongation leads to the semi-dwarf phenotype). Indeed, suppression of certain GA20 oxidase genes in leaf tissues causes a moderate semi-dwarf phenotype in corn plants. Given that expression of a GA20 oxidase suppression construct with several different “stem” promoters did not produce the semi-dwarf phenotype in corn, it is noteworthy that expression of the same GA20 oxidase suppression construct with a vascular promoter was effective at consistently producing the semi-dwarf phenotype with a high degree of penetrance across events and germplasms. A semi-dwarf phenotype was also observed with expression of the same GA20 oxidase suppression construct using other vascular promoters and with various constitutive promoters without any observable off-types.

By targeting a subset of one or more endogenous GA3 or GA20 oxidase genes for suppression within a plant, a more pervasive pattern of expression (e.g., with a constitutive promoter) can be used to produce semi-dwarf plants without significant reproductive off-types and/or other undesirable traits in the plant, even with expression of the suppression construct in reproductive tissue(s). Indeed, suppression elements and constructs are provided herein that selectively target the GA20 oxidase_3 and/or GA20 oxidase_5 genes for suppression, which can be operably linked to a vascular, leaf and/or constitutive promoter.

As introduced above, instead of suppressing one or more GA oxidase gene(s), active GA levels can also be reduced in a corn plant by mutation or editing of one or more GA20 and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s).

In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutation(s) and/or edit(s) in a GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene and homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutation(s) and/or edit(s) in a GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutation(s) and/or edit(s) in a GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene and heterozygous for a mutation or edit in a GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or an edit in a GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_5 locus or gene and homozygous (or biallelic) for one or more mutation(s) and/or edit(s) in a GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_3 locus or gene. See, e.g., U.S. Provisional Patent Application Nos. 62/631,412; 62/631,416; and 62/710,302; the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.

Corn has a family of at least nine GA20 oxidase genes that includes GA20 oxidase_1, GA20 oxidase_2, GA20 oxidase_3, GA20 oxidase_4, GA20 oxidase_5, GA20 oxidase_6, GA20 oxidase_7, GA20 oxidase_8, and GA20 oxidase_9. However, there are only two GA3 oxidases in corn, GA3 oxidase_1 and GA3 oxidase_2. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NOs for each of these GA20 oxidase genes are provided in Table 1, and the DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NOs for each of these GA3 oxidase genes are provided in Table 2.

TABLE 1

DNA and protein sequences by sequence identifier for GA20 oxidase genes in corn.

Coding Sequence

GA20 oxidase Gene
cDNA
(CDS)
Protein

GA20 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 1
SEQ ID NO: 2
SEQ ID NO: 3

GA20 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 4
SEQ ID NO: 5
SEQ ID NO: 6

GA20 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 7
SEQ ID NO: 8
SEQ ID NO: 9

GA20 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 10
SEQ ID NO: 11
SEQ ID NO: 12

GA20 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 13
SEQ ID NO: 14
SEQ ID NO: 15

GA20 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 16
SEQ ID NO: 17
SEQ ID NO: 18

GA20 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 19
SEQ ID NO: 20
SEQ ID NO: 21

GA20 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 22
SEQ ID NO: 23
SEQ ID NO: 24

GA20 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 25
SEQ ID NO: 26
SEQ ID NO: 27

TABLE 2

DNA and protein sequences by sequence identifier

for GA3 oxidase genes in corn.

Coding Sequence

GA3 oxidase Gene
cDNA
(CDS)
Protein

GA3 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 28
SEQ ID NO: 29
SEQ ID NO: 30

GA3 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 31
SEQ ID NO: 32
SEQ ID NO: 33

The genomic DNA sequence of GA20 oxidase_3 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 34, and the genomic DNA sequence of GA20 oxidase_5 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 35. For the GA20 oxidase_3 gene, SEQ ID NO: 34 provides 3000 nucleotides upstream of the GA20 oxidase_3 5′-UTR; nucleotides 3001-3096 correspond to the 5′-UTR; nucleotides 3097-3665 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 3666-3775 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 3776-4097 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 4098-5314 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 5315-5584 correspond to the third exon; and nucleotides 5585-5800 correspond to the 3′-UTR. SEQ ID NO: 34 also provides 3000 nucleotides downstream of the end of the 3′-UTR (nucleotides 5801-8800). For the GA20 oxidase_5 gene, SEQ ID NO: 35 provides 3000 nucleotides upstream of the GA20 oxidase_5 start codon (nucleotides 1-3000); nucleotides 3001-3791 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 3792-3906 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 3907-4475 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 4476-5197 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 5198-5473 correspond to the third exon; and nucleotides 5474-5859 correspond to the 3′-UTR. SEQ ID NO: 35 also provides 3000 nucleotides downstream of the end of the 3′-UTR (nucleotides 5860-8859).

The genomic DNA sequence of GA3 oxidase_1 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 36, and the genomic DNA sequence of GA3 oxidase_2 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 37. For the GA3 oxidase_1 gene, nucleotides 1-29 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the 5′-UTR; nucleotides 30-514 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 515-879 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 880-1038 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 1039-1158 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 1159-1663 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the third exon; and nucleotides 1664-1788 of SEQ ID NO: 36 correspond to the 3′-UTR. For the GA3 oxidase_2 gene, nucleotides 1-38 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the 5-UTR; nucleotides 39-532 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 533-692 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 693-851 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 852-982 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 983-1445 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the third exon; and nucleotides 1446-1698 of SEQ ID NO: 37 correspond to the 3′-UTR.

In addition to phenotypic observations with targeting the GA20 oxidase_3 and/or GA20 oxidase_5 gene(s), or the GA3 oxidase_1 and/or GA3 oxidase_2 gene(s), for suppression, a semi-dwarf phenotype is also observed with suppression of the GA20 oxidase_4 gene. The genomic DNA sequence of GA20 oxidase_4 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 38. For the GA oxidase_4 gene, SEQ ID NO: 38 provides nucleotides 1-1416 upstream of the 5′-UTR; nucleotides 1417-1543 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the 5′-UTR; nucleotides 1544-1995 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 1996-2083 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 2084-2411 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 2412-2516 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 2517-2852 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the third exon; nucleotides 2853-3066 of SEQ ID NO: 38 correspond to the 3 ‘-UTR; and nucleotides 3067-4465 of SEQ ID NO: 38 corresponds to genomic sequence downstream of to the 3’-UTR.

In an aspect, the present disclosure provides a corn plant or plurality of corn plants each comprising a recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule, wherein the non-coding RNA molecule comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, or at least 27 consecutive nucleotides of a mRNA molecule encoding an endogenous GA oxidase protein in a corn plant or corn cell, the endogenous GA oxidase protein being at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9, 12, 15, 30, and/or 33, and wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter, which can be heterologous with respect to the transcribable DNA sequence and/or the corn plant.

Recombinant DNA constructs and transgenic corn plants are provided herein comprising a GA20 or GA3 oxidase suppression element or sequence operably linked to a plant expressible promoter, which can be a constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can drive expression of its associated GA oxidase suppression element or sequence in one or more active GA-producing tissue(s) of the plant to suppress or reduce the level of active GAs produced in those tissue(s). Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can drive expression of its associated GA oxidase suppression construct or transgene during one or more vegetative stage(s) of development. Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter can also have little or no expression in one or more cell(s) or tissue(s) of the developing female organ or ear of the plant to avoid the possibility of off-types in those reproductive tissues.

The term “recombinant” in reference to a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) molecule, protein, construct, vector, etc., refers to a polynucleotide or protein molecule or sequence that is man-made and not normally found in nature, and/or is present in a context in which it is not normally found in nature, including a polynucleotide (DNA or RNA) molecule, protein, construct, etc., comprising a combination of two or more polynucleotide or protein sequences that would not naturally occur together in the same manner without human intervention, such as a polynucleotide molecule, protein, construct, etc., comprising at least two polynucleotide or protein sequences that are operably linked but heterologous with respect to each other. For example, the term “recombinant” can refer to any combination of two or more DNA or protein sequences in the same molecule (e.g., a plasmid, construct, vector, chromosome, protein, etc.) where such a combination is man-made and not normally found in nature. As used in this definition, the phrase “not normally found in nature” means not found in nature without human introduction. A recombinant polynucleotide or protein molecule, construct, etc., can comprise polynucleotide or protein sequence(s) that is/are (i) separated from other polynucleotide or protein sequence(s) that exist in proximity to each other in nature, and/or (ii) adjacent to (or contiguous with) other polynucleotide or protein sequence(s) that are not naturally in proximity with each other. Such a recombinant polynucleotide molecule, protein, construct, etc., can also refer to a polynucleotide or protein molecule or sequence that has been genetically engineered and/or constructed outside of a cell. For example, a recombinant DNA molecule can comprise any engineered or man-made plasmid, vector, etc., and can include a linear or circular DNA molecule. Such plasmids, vectors, etc., can contain various maintenance elements including a prokaryotic origin of replication and selectable marker, as well as one or more transgenes or expression cassettes perhaps in addition to a plant selectable marker gene, etc.

As used herein, the term “transgene” refers to a recombinant DNA molecule, construct, or sequence comprising a gene and/or transcribable DNA sequence and integrated or inserted into a plant genome.

As used herein, a “transgenic plant” refers to a plant whose genome has been altered by the integration or insertion of a recombinant DNA molecule, construct, cassette or sequence for expression of a non-coding RNA molecule, mRNA and/or protein in the plant. A transgenic plant includes an R₀plant developed or regenerated from an originally transformed plant cell(s) as well as progeny transgenic plants in later generations or crosses from the R₀transgenic plant that comprise the recombinant DNA molecule, construct, cassette or sequence. A plant having an integrated or inserted recombinant DNA molecule, construct, cassette or sequence is considered a transgenic plant even if the plant also has other mutation(s) or edit(s) that would not themselves be considered transgenic.

As used herein, a “plant-expressible promoter” refers to a promoter that drives, causes or initiates expression of a transcribable DNA sequence or transgene operably linked to such promoter in one or more plant cells or tissues, such as one or more cells or tissues of a corn plant. In an aspect, a plant-expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. In another aspect, a plant-expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. As used herein, a “vascular promoter” refers to a plant-expressible promoter that drives, causes or initiates expression of a transcribable DNA sequence or transgene operably linked to such promoter in one or more vascular tissue(s) of the plant, even if the promoter is also expressed in other non-vascular plant cell(s) or tissue(s). Such vascular tissue(s) can comprise one or more of the phloem, vascular parenchymal, and/or bundle sheath cell(s) or tissue(s) of the plant. A “vascular promoter” is distinguished from a constitutive promoter in that it has a regulated and relatively more limited pattern of expression that includes one or more vascular tissue(s) of the plant. A vascular promoter includes both vascular-specific promoters and vascular-preferred promoters. In another aspect, a plant-expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. As used herein, a “leaf promoter” refers to a plant-expressible promoter that drives, causes or initiates expression of a transcribable DNA sequence or transgene operably linked to such promoter in one or more leaf tissue(s) of the plant, even if the promoter is also expressed in other non-leaf plant cell(s) or tissue(s). A leaf promoter includes both leaf-specific promoters and leaf-preferred promoters. A “leaf promoter” is distinguished from a vascular promoter in that it is expressed more predominantly or exclusively in leaf tissue(s) of the plant relative to other plant tissues, whereas a vascular promoter is expressed in vascular tissue(s) more generally including vascular tissue(s) outside of the leaf, such as the vascular tissue(s) of the stem, or stem and leaves, of the plant.

Promoters that drive enhanced expression in certain tissues of the plant relative to other plant tissues are referred to as “tissue-enhanced” or “tissue-preferred” promoters. Thus, a “tissue-preferred” promoter causes relatively higher or preferential or predominant expression in a specific tissue(s) of the plant, but with lower levels of expression in other tissue(s) of the plant. Promoters that express within a specific tissue(s) of the plant, with little or no expression in other plant tissues, are referred to as “tissue-specific” promoters.

A non-limiting exemplary plant-expressible promoter is the RTBV promoter. In an aspect, a plant-expressible promoter is an RTBV promoter. In another aspect, a plant expressible promoter comprises a DNA sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NO: 39, SEQ ID NO: 40, or a functional portion thereof.

Non-limiting exemplary vascular promoters include a sucrose synthase promoter, a sucrose transporter promoter, a Sh1 promoter, Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) promoter, a wheat dwarf geminivirus (WDV) large intergenic region (LIR) promoter, a maize streak geminivirus (MSV) coat protein (CP) promoter, a rice yellow stripe 1 (YS1)-like promoter, and a rice yellow stripe 2 (OsYSL2) promoter. In an aspect, a vascular promoter is selected from the group consisting of a sucrose synthase promoter, a sucrose transporter promoter, a Sh1 promoter, Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) promoter, a wheat dwarf geminivirus (WDV) large intergenic region (LIR) promoter, a maize streak geminivirus (MSV) coat protein (CP) promoter, a rice yellow stripe 1 (YS1)-like promoter, a rice yellow stripe 2 (OsYSL2) promoter, and functional portions thereof. In an aspect, a vascular promoter comprises a DNA sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NO: 41, SEQ ID NO: 42, SEQ ID NO: 43, SEQ ID NO: 44, SEQ ID NO: 45, or a functional portion thereof.

Non-limiting exemplary leaf promoters include a RuBisCO promoter, a PPDK promoter, a FDA promoter, a Nadh-Gogat promoter, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene promoter, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) promoter, and a Myb gene promoter. In an aspect, a leaf promoter is selected from the group consisting of a RuBisCO promoter, a PPDK promoter, a FDA promoter, a Nadh-Gogat promoter, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene promoter, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) promoter, a Myb gene promoter, and functional portions thereof. In an aspect, a leaf promoter comprises a DNA sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NO: 46, SEQ ID NO: 47, SEQ ID NO: 48, or a functional portion thereof.

Non-limiting exemplary constitutive promoters include an actin promoter, a CaMV 35S or 19S promoter, a plant ubiquitin promoter, a plant Gos2 promoter, a FMV promoter, a CMV promoter, a MMV promoter, a PCLSV promoter, an Emu promoter, a tubulin promoter, a nopaline synthase promoter, an octopine synthase promoter, a mannopine synthase promoter, and a maize alcohol dehydrogenase. In an aspect, a constitutive promoter is selected from the group consisting of an actin promoter, a CaMV 35S or 19S promoter, a plant ubiquitin promoter, a plant Gos2 promoter, a FMV promoter, a CMV promoter, a MMV promoter, a PCLSV promoter, an Emu promoter, a tubulin promoter, a nopaline synthase promoter, an octopine synthase promoter, a mannopine synthase promoter, a maize alcohol dehydrogenase, or functional portions thereof. In an aspect, a constitutive promoter comprises a DNA sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NO: 49, SEQ ID NO: 50, SEQ ID NO: 51, SEQ ID NO: 52, SEQ ID NO: 53, SEQ ID NO: 54, SEQ ID NO: 55, SEQ ID NO: 56, SEQ ID NO: 57, or a functional portion thereof.

In another aspect, the present disclosure provides a corn plant or plurality of corn plants each comprising a recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule, wherein the non-coding RNA molecule comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, or at least 27 consecutive nucleotides of a mRNA molecule encoding an endogenous GA oxidase gene having at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 9, 12, 15, 30, and/or 33, and wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter, which can be heterologous with respect to the transcribable DNA sequence and/or the corn plant.

As provided above, a corn plant or plant part can comprise a first expression cassette comprising a first sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule that targets one or more GA20 or GA3 oxidase gene(s) for suppression. In an aspect, the non-coding RNA molecule can target one or more GA20 oxidase gene(s) for suppression, such as a GA20 oxidase_3 gene, a GA20 oxidase_4 gene, a GA20 oxidase_5 gene, or any combination thereof. According to some embodiments, the first expression cassette comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA targeting a GA20 oxidase_3 gene for suppression. According to other embodiments, the first expression cassette comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA targeting a GA20 oxidase_5 gene for suppression. According to yet further embodiments, the first expression cassette comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA that targets both the GA20 oxidase_3 gene and the GA20 oxidase_5 gene for suppression. In addition to targeting a mature mRNA sequence (including either or both of the untranslated or exonic sequences), a non-coding RNA molecule can also target the intronic sequences of a GA20 oxidase gene or transcript.

For suppression of a GA20 oxidase_3 gene, a first transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, and SEQ ID NO: 34.

For suppression of a GA20 oxidase_4 gene, a first transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 10, SEQ ID NO: 11, and SEQ ID NO: 38.

For suppression of a GA20 oxidase_5 gene, a first transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, and SEQ ID NO: 35.

For suppression of a GA20 oxidase_3 gene and a GA20 oxidase_5 gene, a transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 8, and SEQ ID NO: 34; and the transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 13, SEQ ID NO: 14, and SEQ ID NO: 35.

In another aspect, a first expression cassette comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA targeting a GA3 oxidase gene(s) for suppression in corn, such as a GA3 oxidase_1 gene or a GA3 oxidase_2 gene. In another aspect, a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA targets both the GA3 oxidase_1 gene and the GA3 oxidase_2 gene for suppression. In addition to targeting a mature mRNA sequence (including either or both of the untranslated or exonic sequences), a non-coding RNA molecule can also target the intronic sequences of a GA3 oxidase gene or transcript.

For suppression of a GA3 oxidase_1 gene, a first transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, and SEQ ID NO: 36.

For suppression of a GA3 oxidase_2 gene, a first transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32, and SEQ ID NO: 37.

For suppression of a GA3 oxidase_1 gene and a GA3 oxidase_2 gene, a transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 28, SEQ ID NO: 29, and SEQ ID NO: 36; and the transcribable DNA sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 81%, at least 82%, at least 83%, at least 84%, at least 85%, at least 86%, at least 87%, at least 88%, at least 89%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical or complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 31, at least 32, at least 33, at least 34, at least 35, at least 36, at least 37, at least 38, at least 39, at least 40, at least 41, at least 42, at least 43, at least 44, at least 45, at least 46, at least 47, at least 48, at least 49, at least 50, at least 51, at least 52, at least 53, at least 54, at least 55, at least 56, at least 57, at least 58, at least 59, or at least 60 consecutive nucleotides of a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NO: 31, SEQ ID NO: 32 and SEQ ID NO: 37.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, where the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and where the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces an RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, where the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and where the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus suppresses the expression of a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, or both. In an aspect, a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus suppresses the expression of a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, or both. In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a deletion of at least one portion of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus.

Without being bound by any scientific theory, if a genomic region between the neighboring Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes (including possibly all or part of those genes) is deleted, then the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene promoter can drive expression of an antisense RNA transcript through all or part of the Zm.GA20ox5 gene that can hybridize to a separate RNA transcript expressed from one or both of the copies or alleles of the Zm.GA20ox5 and/or Zm.GA20ox3 gene(s). Thus, a mutant allele having a deletion between the Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes can behave as a dominant negative mutation or allele by causing suppression or silencing of one or both (wild-type and/or mutant) copies or alleles of the endogenous Zm.GA20ox5 gene, in addition to possible further suppression or silencing of one or both copies or alleles of the endogenous Zm.GA20ox3 gene.

According to aspects of the present disclosure, a mutant or edited allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 (GA20ox5) gene or locus is provided comprising a deletion between the neighboring Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes, such that an antisense RNA molecule that is complementary to all or part of the coding sequence of the GA20ox5 gene may be transcribed under the control of the endogenous Zm. SAMT gene promoter. It is contemplated that the antisense RNA molecule transcribed from the mutant or edited allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene or locus may affect the expression level(s) of the GA20 oxidase_5 and/or endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 gene(s) through different mechanisms, such as nonsense mediated decay, non-stop decay, no-go decay, DNA or histone methylation or other epigenetic changes, inhibition or decreased efficiency of transcription and/or translation, ribosomal interference, interference with mRNA processing or splicing, and/or ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation via the proteasome. See, e.g., Nickless, A. et al., “Control of gene expression through the nonsense-mediated RNA decay pathway”, Cell Biosci 7:26 (2017); Karamyshev, A. et al., “Lost in Translation: Ribosome-Associated mRNA and Protein Quality Controls”, Frontiers in Genetics 9:431 (2018); Inada, T., “Quality controls induced by aberrant translation”, Nucleic Acids Res 48:3 (2020); and Szadeczky-Kardoss, I. et al., “The nonstop decay and the RNA silencing systems operate cooperatively in plants”, Nucleic Acids Res 46:9 (2018), the entire contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference. Each of these different mechanisms may act alternatively or in addition to RNA interference (RNAi), transcriptional gene silencing (PGS) and/or post transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) mechanisms. See, e.g., Wilson, R. C. et al., “Molecular Mechanisms of RNA Interference”, Ann Rev Biophysics 42:217-39 (2013); and Guo, Q. et al., “RNA Silencing in Plants: Mechanism, Technologies and Applications in Horticulture Crops”, Current Genomics 17:476-489 (2016), the entire contents and disclosures of which is incorporated herein by reference. Some of the above mechanisms may reduce expression of the edited allele itself, while others may also reduce the expression of other copy/—ies or allele(s) of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and/or GA20 oxidase_3 locus/loci or gene(s). Indeed, it is envisioned that the edited endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, gene or allele may not only reduce or eliminate its own expression and/or activity level, but may also have a dominant or semi-dominant effect(s) on the other copy/-ies or allele(s) of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and/or GA20 oxidase_3 locus/loci or gene(s). Such dominant or semi-dominant effect(s) on the GA20 oxidase_5 and/or GA20 oxidase_3 gene(s) may operate through non-canonical suppression mechanisms that do not involve RNAi and/or formation of targeted small RNAs at a significant or detectable level.

As used herein, an “intergenic region” or “intergenic sequence” refers to a genomic region or a polynucleotide sequence located in between transcribed regions of two neighboring genes. For example, the endogenous Zm.GA20ox5 gene and its neighboring gene in the corn or maize genome, the s-adenosyl methyl transferase (SAAR) or Zm.SAMT gene, contains an intergenic region between the 3′ UTR of the Zm. GA20ox5 gene and the 3′ UTR of the Zm.SAMT gene.

In the corn genome, the Zm.GA20ox5 gene located next to the Zm.SAMT gene. These two genes are separated by an intergenic region of about 550 bp, with the Zm.SAMT gene positioned downstream and oriented in the opposite orientation relative to the Zm.GA20ox5 gene. A reference genomic sequence of the region encompassing the Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes is provided in SEQ ID NOs. 226 and 227. SEQ ID NO. 226 represents the sequence of the sense strand of the Zm.GA20ox5 gene encompassing both Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes. SEQ ID NO: 226 partially overlaps with SEQ ID NO: 222 and has a shorter Zm.GA20ox5 upstream sequence and a longer Zm.GA20ox5 downstream sequence compared to the SEQ ID NO: 222. SEQ ID NO. 227 represents the sequence of the sense strand of the Zm.SAMT gene (i.e., the antisense strand of the Zm.GA20ox5 gene) encompassing both Zm.GA20ox5 and Zm.SAMT genes.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the transcription termination sequence of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of the intergenic region between the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and Zm.SAMT genes, and wherein the mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence complementary to all or part of the sense strand of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a genome modification comprising a deletion of at least a portion of one or more of the following: 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, and the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3^rdintron, 4^thexon, 4^thintron, 5^thexon, 5^thintron, 6^thexon, 6^thintron, 7^thexon, 7^thintron, 8^thexon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene.

In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a genome modification which results in the transcription of an antisense strand of at least an exon, an intron, or an untranslated region (UTR) of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene, or any portion thereof.

In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises the Zm.SAMT gene promoter, or a functional part thereof, operably linked to at least one transcribable antisense sequence of at least an exon, intron or untranslated region (UTR) of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene, or any portion thereof.

In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 304-322.

In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3^rdintron, 4^thexon, 4^thintron, 5^thexon, 5^thintron, 6^thexon, 6^thintron, 7^thexon, 7^thintron, 8^thexon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene; wherein the first sequence and the second sequence are contiguous or separated only by an intervening sequence of fewer than 555 nucleotides. In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a genomic deletion relative to a wild type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, wherein the genomic deletion is flanked by a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm. GA20 oxidase_5 gene; and wherein the second sequence comprises one or more of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3^rdintron, 4^thexon, 4^thintron, 5^thexon, 5^thintron, 6^thexon, 6^thintron, 7^thexon, 7^thintron, 8^thexon, 3′ UTR, and any complementary sequence thereof, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene. In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises a genomic sequence comprising a first sequence and a second sequence; wherein the first sequence comprises at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283; wherein the second sequence comprises at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276; and wherein the genomic sequence is at least 50, at least 100, at least 250, at least 500, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides in length, and/or fewer than 9000 consecutive nucleotides in length. In an aspect, a first sequence comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 228-235 and 276-283, or any portion thereof, and a second sequence comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 235-276, or any portion thereof. In an aspect, a first sequence comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 226-235 and 276-283, or any portion thereof, and a second sequence comprises one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 226, 227, and 235-276, or any portion thereof. In an aspect, a first sequence comprises at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 226-235 and 276-283, and a second sequence comprises at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 226, 227, and 235-276.

In an aspect, a genome modification further comprises the deletion of at least a portion of the transcription termination sequence of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises a deletion of one or both of the transcription termination sequences of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene and an endogenous Zm.SAMT gene. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises a deletion of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 35, at least 40, at least 45, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 750, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of the intergenic region between the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and SAMTgenes. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises a deletion of the entire intergenic region between the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 and SAMT genes. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises a deletion of one or more sequence elements selected from the group consisting of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3′ UTR, and any portion of the foregoing, of an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises a deletion of one or more sequence elements selected from the group consisting of the 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3^rdintron, 4^thexon, 4^thintron, 5^thexon, 5^thintron, 6^thexon, 6^thintron, 7^thexon, 7^thintron, 8^thexon, 3′ UTR, and any portion of the foregoing, of the endogenous Zm.SAMT locus. In an aspect, a genome modification results in the production of an RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence from a genomic segment of selected from the group consisting of an exon, a portion of an exon, an intron, a portion of an intron, a 5′ or 3′ untranslated region (UTR), a portion of an UTR, and any combination of the foregoing, of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a genome modification comprises two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, or six or more non-contiguous deletions.

In an aspect, a genomic deletion comprises a deletion of the intergenic region between the endogenous Zm.GA20 oxidase_5 and Zm.SAMT genes. In an aspect, a genomic deletion has a length of at least 50, at least 100, at least 250, at least 500, at least 750, at least 1000, at least 2500, or at least 5000 nucleotides. In an aspect, a genomic deletion has a length of at most 7500, at most 7000, at most 6000, at most 5000, at most 4000, at most 3000, at most 2500, at most 2000, at most 1000, or at most 500 nucleotides. In an aspect, a genomic deletion corresponds to a deletion of one or more genomic regions comprising a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 228-283. In an aspect a genome deletion results in the production of an RNA transcript comprising an antisense sequence from a genomic segment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus selected from the group consisting of an exon, portion of an exon, an intron, portion of an intron, an untranslated region (UTR), portion of an UTR, and any combination of the foregoing.

In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene promoter, or a portion thereof, operably linked to a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a RNA molecule that causes suppression of one or both of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 gene and the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a mutant allele comprises the endogenous Zm.SAMT gene promoter, or a portion thereof, operably linked to a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to all or part of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 or GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a transcribable DNA sequence is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to an RNA transcript sequence, or a portion thereof, encoded by an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 or GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, a transcribable DNA sequence is at least 80% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90, at least 100, or at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 218-220, 222-224, 226, and 228-255. In an aspect, a transcribable DNA sequence is at least 80% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90, at least 100, or at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 222-224 and 228-235.

In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a nucleotide sequence originating from the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment corresponds to an inverted genomic fragment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a nucleotide sequence originating from an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment is inserted near or adjacent to a corresponding endogenous DNA segment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to an exon sequence of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 or GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to an untranslated region (UTR) sequence of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 or GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to an exon sequence and an intron sequence of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 or GA20 oxidase_5 locus, the exon sequence and the intron sequence being contiguous within the endogenous locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a sequence having at least at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 194, 195, 207, 209, 211, 213, and 217.

In an aspect, a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188. In an aspect, an antisense RNA sequence forms a stem-loop structure with the corresponding endogenous sequence of the RNA transcript. In an aspect, an RNA transcript further comprises one or more sequence elements of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus selected from the group consisting of 5′ UTR, 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon, 3′ UTR, and any portion thereof.

In an aspect, an RNA transcript sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 218-220, 222-224, 226, and 228-255. In an aspect, an RNA transcript sequence comprises a sequence that is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 222-224 and 228-235.

In an aspect, an inserted DNA segment is located upstream (e.g. on the 5′ side) of a corresponding endogenous DNA segment. In an aspect, an inserted DNA segment is located downstream (e.g. on the 3′ side) of a corresponding endogenous DNA segment. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a length of at least 10, at least 15, at least 20, at least 25, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, or at least 900 nucleotides. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a length of at most 2000, at most 1500, at most 1000, at most 900, at most 800, at most 700, at most 600, at most 500, at most 400, at most 300, at most 200, at most 100, at most 75, at most 50, or at most 25 nucleotides.

In an aspect, an inserted DNA segment and the corresponding endogenous DNA segment of a mutant allele are separated by an intervening DNA sequence. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises a length of at least 1 nucleotide. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises a length of at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, at least 1000, at least 1500, at least 2000, at least 2500, at least 3000, or at least 40000 consecutive nucleotides. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises at most 5000, at most 4000, at most 3000, at most 2000, at most 1500, at most 1000, at most 750, at most 500, at most 250, at most 100, at most 75, at most 50, at most 25, at most 10, or at most 5 consecutive nucleotides.

In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence encodes an intervening RNA sequence between an antisense RNA sequence and a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript. In an aspect, an RNA transcript forms a stem-loop structure with an intervening RNA sequence forming the loop portion of the stem-loop structure. In an aspect, a stem-loop secondary structure comprises a near-perfect-complement stem with mismatches. In an aspect, a near-perfect-complement stem comprises fewer than 10, fewer than 9, fewer than 8, fewer than 7, fewer than 6, fewer than 5, fewer than 4, fewer than 3, or fewer than 2 mismatches. In an aspect, a stem-loop secondary structure comprises a perfect complement stem with zero mismatches. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises an intron sequence. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence does not comprise an intron sequence.

In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises a native sequence of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises an exogenous sequence inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises a native sequence of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises an exogenous sequence inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment is inserted within a region selected from the group consisting of 5′ untranslated region (UTR), 1^stexon, 1^stintron, 2^ndexon, 2^ndintron, 3^rdexon and 3′ UTR of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, and a combination thereof. In an aspect a DNA segment is inserted at a genomic site recognized by a targeted editing technique to create a double-stranded break (DSB). In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a nucleotide sequence originating from an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment corresponds to an inverted genomic fragment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a nucleotide sequence originating from the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment corresponds to an inverted genomic fragment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment is inserted near or adjacent to a corresponding endogenous DNA segment of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a corn plant where the level of one or more active GAs in at least one internode tissue of the stem or stalk of the modified corn plant is lower than the same internode tissue of an unmodified control plant.

A non-coding RNA molecule can act as a suppression element that targets one or more gene(s) in a plant cell, such as one or more endogenous, br2, GA20, or GA3 oxidase gene(s), or as a RNA molecule, such as a guide RNA, etc., that guides a sequence-specific nuclease to cut and trigger a genome editing event at a target site in the genome. Non-limiting examples of a non-coding RNA molecules include a microRNA (miRNA), a miRNA precursor (pre-miRNA), a small interfering RNA (siRNA), a small RNA (18-26 nt in length) and precursor encoding same, a heterochromatic siRNA (hc-siRNA), a Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA), a hairpin double strand RNA (hairpin dsRNA), a trans-acting siRNA (ta-siRNA), a naturally occurring antisense siRNA (nat-siRNA), a CRISPR RNA (crRNA), a tracer RNA (tracrRNA), a guide RNA (gRNA), and a single-guide RNA (sgRNA). In an aspect, a non-coding RNA provided herein is selected from the group consisting of a microRNA, a small interfering RNA, a secondary small interfering RNA, a transfer RNA, a ribosomal RNA, a trans-acting small interfering RNA, a naturally occurring antisense small interfering RNA, a heterochromatic small interfering RNA, and precursors thereof. In another aspect, a non-coding RNA provided herein is selected from the group consisting of a miRNA, a pre-miRNA, a siRNA, a hc-siRNA, a piRNA, a hairpin dsRNA, a ta-siRNA, a nat-siRNA, a crRNA, a tracrRNA, a gRNA, and a sgRNA. In another aspect, a non-coding RNA provided herein is a miRNA. In another aspect, a non-coding RNA provided herein is an siRNA.

As used herein, a “stem-loop structure” refers to a secondary structure in a RNA molecule having a double stranded region (e.g., stem) made up by two annealing RNA strands, sequences or segments of the RNA molecule, connected by a single stranded intervening RNA sequence of the RNA molecule (e.g., a loop or hairpin). A “stem-loop structure” of a RNA molecule can have a more complicated secondary RNA structure, for example, comprising self-annealing double stranded RNA sequences having internal mismatches, bulges and/or loops.

As used herein, a “native sequence” refers to a nucleic acid sequence naturally present in its original chromosomal location.

As used herein, a “wild-type gene” or “wild-type allele” refers to a gene or allele having a sequence or genotype that is most common in a particular plant species or another sequence or genotype having only natural variations, polymorphisms, or other silent mutations relative to the most common sequence or genotype that do not significantly impact the expression and activity of the gene or allele. Indeed, a “wild-type” gene or allele contains no variation, polymorphism, or any other type of mutation that substantially affects the normal function, activity, expression, or phenotypic consequence of the gene or allele relative to the most common sequence or genotype.

The terms “percent identity” or “percent identical” as used herein in reference to two or more nucleotide or protein sequences is calculated by (i) comparing two optimally aligned sequences (nucleotide or protein) over a window of comparison, (ii) determining the number of positions at which the identical nucleic acid base (for nucleotide sequences) or amino acid residue (for proteins) occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, (iii) dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison, and then (iv) multiplying this quotient by 100% to yield the percent identity. For purposes of calculating “percent identity” between DNA and RNA sequences, a uracil (U) of a RNA sequence is considered identical to a thymine (T) of a DNA sequence. If the window of comparison is defined as a region of alignment between two or more sequences (i.e., excluding nucleotides at the 5′ and 3′ ends of aligned polynucleotide sequences, or amino acids at the N-terminus and C-terminus of aligned protein sequences, that are not identical between the compared sequences), then the “percent identity” may also be referred to as a “percent alignment identity”. If the “percent identity” is being calculated in relation to a reference sequence without a particular comparison window being specified, then the percent identity is determined by dividing the number of matched positions over the region of alignment by the total length of the reference sequence. Accordingly, for purposes of the present disclosure, when two sequences (query and subject) are optimally aligned (with allowance for gaps in their alignment), the “percent identity” for the query sequence is equal to the number of identical positions between the two sequences divided by the total number of positions in the query sequence over its length (or a comparison window), which is then multiplied by 100%.

For optimal alignment of sequences to calculate their percent identity, various pair-wise or multiple sequence alignment algorithms and programs are known in the art, such as ClustalW, or Basic Local Alignment Search Tool® (BLAST®), etc., that may be used to compare the sequence identity or similarity between two or more nucleotide or protein sequences. Although other alignment and comparison methods are known in the art, the alignment between two sequences (including the percent identity ranges described above) may be as determined by the ClustalW or BLAST® algorithm, see, e.g., Chenna R. et al., “Multiple sequence alignment with the Clustal series of programs,” Nucleic Acids Research 31: 3497-3500 (2003); Thompson J D et al., “Clustal W: Improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice,” Nucleic Acids Research 22: 4673-4680 (1994); and Larkin M A et al., “Clustal W and Clustal X version 2.0,” Bioinformatics 23: 2947-48 (2007); and Altschul, S. F., Gish, W., Miller, W., Myers, E. W. & Lipman, D. J. (1990) “Basic local alignment search tool.” J. Mol. Biol. 215:403-410 (1990), the entire contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

The terms “percent complementarity” or “percent complementary”, as used herein in reference to two nucleotide sequences, is similar to the concept of percent identity but refers to the percentage of nucleotides of a query sequence that optimally base-pair or hybridize to nucleotides of a subject sequence when the query and subject sequences are linearly arranged and optimally base paired without secondary folding structures, such as loops, stems or hairpins. Such a percent complementarity may be between two DNA strands, two RNA strands, or a DNA strand and a RNA strand. The “percent complementarity” is calculated by (i) optimally base-pairing or hybridizing the two nucleotide sequences in a linear and fully extended arrangement (i.e., without folding or secondary structures) over a window of comparison, (ii) determining the number of positions that base-pair between the two sequences over the window of comparison to yield the number of complementary positions, (iii) dividing the number of complementary positions by the total number of positions in the window of comparison, and (iv) multiplying this quotient by 100% to yield the percent complementarity of the two sequences. Optimal base pairing of two sequences may be determined based on the known pairings of nucleotide bases, such as G-C, A-T, and A-U, through hydrogen bonding. If the “percent complementarity” is being calculated in relation to a reference sequence without specifying a particular comparison window, then the percent identity is determined by dividing the number of complementary positions between the two linear sequences by the total length of the reference sequence. Thus, for purposes of the present disclosure, when two sequences (query and subject) are optimally base-paired (with allowance for mismatches or non-base-paired nucleotides but without folding or secondary structures), the “percent complementarity” for the query sequence is equal to the number of base-paired positions between the two sequences divided by the total number of positions in the query sequence over its length (or by the number of positions in the query sequence over a comparison window), which is then multiplied by 100%.

As used herein, with respective to a given sequence, a “complement”, a “complementary sequence” and a “reverse complement” are used interchangeably. All three terms refer to the inversely complementary sequence of a nucleotide sequence, i.e. to a sequence complementary to a given sequence in reverse order of the nucleotides. As an example, the reverse complement of a nucleotide sequence having the sequence 5′-atggttc-3′ is 5′-gaaccat-3′.

As used herein, the term “antisense” refers to DNA or RNA sequences that are complementary to a specific DNA or RNA sequence. Antisense RNA molecules are single-stranded nucleic acids which can combine with a sense RNA strand or sequence or mRNA to form duplexes due to complementarity of the sequences. The term “antisense strand” refers to a nucleic acid strand that is complementary to the “sense” strand. The “sense strand” of a gene or locus is the strand of DNA or RNA that has the same sequence as a RNA molecule transcribed from the gene or locus (with the exception of Uracil in RNA and Thymine in DNA).

As used herein, an “inverted genomic fragment” refers to a genomic segment that is inverted in the genome such that the original sense strand and anti sense strand sequences are reversed or switched in the opposite orientation for the entire genomic segment.

As used herein, in the context of a “corresponding endogenous sequence” or a “corresponding endogenous DNA segment,” an endogenous sequence or endogenous DNA segment is considered to correspond to another sequence or DNA segment (e.g., an non-endogenous, introduced or inserted sequence or DNA segment) when the sequences or DNA segments share sufficient sequence homology, identity, or complementarity.

The term “operably linked” refers to a functional linkage between a promoter or other regulatory element and an associated transcribable DNA sequence or coding sequence of a gene (or transgene), such that the promoter, etc., operates or functions to initiate, assist, affect, cause, and/or promote the transcription and expression of the associated transcribable DNA sequence or coding sequence, at least in certain cell(s), tissue(s), developmental stage(s), and/or condition(s). Two transcribable DNA sequences can also be “operably linked” to each other if their transcription is subject to the control of a common promoter or other regulatory element. In an aspect, a promoter is selected from the group consisting of a constitutive promoter, an inducible promoter, a tissue-specific promoter, and a tissue-preferred promoter. In an aspect, a promoter is a native promoter.

As used herein, an “encoding region” or “coding region” refers to a portion of a polynucleotide that encodes a functional unit or molecule (e.g., without being limiting, a mRNA, protein, or non-coding RNA sequence or molecule). An “encoding region” or “coding region” can contain, for example, one or more exons, one or more introns, a 5'-UTR, a 3′-UTR, or any combination thereof.

As used herein, an “intervening region” or “intervening sequence” refers to a polynucleotide sequence between a physically linked first polynucleotide sequence and second polynucleotide sequence. The intervening sequence may form a loop, and the first and second sequences may hybridize to form a stem, of a stem-loop structure. In one aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequence comprises at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 10, at least 25, at least 50, at least 100, at least 150, at least 200, at least 250, at least 500, at least 1000, at least 1250, at least 1500, at least 1750, at least 2000, at least 2500, at least 3000, at least 4000, at least 5000, at least 6000, at least 7000, at least 8000, at least 9000, at least 10,000, at least 15,000, at least 20,000, at least 25,000, or at least 50,000 nucleotides. In one aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequence comprises a DNA sequence. In one aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequence comprises an RNA sequence. In one aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequences comprises an endogenous or native nucleic acid sequence. In another aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequences comprises a transgenic or exogenous nucleic acid sequence. In one aspect, an intervening region or intervening sequences comprises an endogenous or native nucleic acid sequence and a transgenic or exogenous nucleic acid sequence.

Any method known in the art for suppression of a target gene can be used to suppress GA oxidase or brachytic gene(s) according to aspects of the present disclosure including expression of antisense RNAs, double stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) or inverted repeat RNA sequences, or via co-suppression or RNA interference (RNAi) through expression of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs), or micro RNAs (miRNAs). Collectively, antisense RNAs, dsRNAs, inverted repeat RNA sequences, siRNAs, shRNAs, ta-siRNAs, and miRNAs are referred to herein as “non-coding RNAs.” Furthermore, sense and/or antisense RNA molecules can be used that target the non-coding genomic sequences or regions within or near a gene to cause silencing of the gene. Accordingly, any of these methods can be used for the targeted suppression of an endogenous GA oxidase or br2 gene(s) in a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred manner. See, e.g., U.S. Patent Application Publication Nos. 2009/0070898, 2011/0296555, and 2011/0035839, the contents and disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, an RNA molecule is an antisense RNA.

In an aspect, at least a portion of an antisense RNA sequence is at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript. In an aspect, an antisense RNA sequence hybridizes to a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript. In an aspect, an antisense RNA sequence encoded by an inserted DNA segment hybridizes to a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript encoded by a corresponding endogenous DNA segment. In an aspect, an antisense RNA sequence forms a stem-loop structure with a corresponding endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript.

In an aspect, a mutant allele produces a RNA molecule comprising an antisense sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to a RNA transcript sequence, or a portion thereof, encoded by the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, an anti sense sequence of an RNA molecule is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, or at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 218-220, 222-224, 226, and 228-255. In an aspect, an antisense sequence of an RNA molecule is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to at least 15, at least 16, at least 17, at least 18, at least 19, at least 20, at least 21, at least 22, at least 23, at least 24, at least 25, at least 26, at least 27, at least 28, at least 29, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 75, at least 100, or at least 200 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 222-224 and 228-235.

In an aspect, an antisense sequence can hybridize with an RNA transcript encoded by a wild-type allele of one or both of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 gene and the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, an antisense sequence can hybridize with a sense RNA transcript encoded by an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, an antisense sequence can hybridize with a sense RNA transcript encoded by the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In an aspect, hybridization between an antisense RNA and a sense RNA can cause suppression of a wild-type or mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 gene, a wild-type or mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene, or a wild-type or mutant allele of both genes.

In an aspect, a sense RNA transcript encoded by the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene is shortened or truncated relative to a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 gene.

In an aspect, a mutant allele can suppress the expression of a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, a wild-type allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus, or both.

In an aspect, an expression level(s) of one or more endogenous GA20 oxidase and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) is/are reduced or eliminated in the corn plant, thereby suppressing the endogenous GA20 oxidase and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s).

According to an aspect, a corn plant is provided having the expression level(s) of one or more GA20 oxidase gene(s) reduced in at least one plant tissue by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a control corn plant.

According to an aspect, a corn plant is provided having the expression level(s) of one or more GA3 oxidase gene(s) reduced in at least one plant tissue by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a control corn plant.

According to an aspect, a corn plant is provided having the expression level(s) of one or more GA20 oxidase gene(s) reduced in at least one plant tissue by 5%-20%, 5%-25%, 5%-30%, 5%-40%, 5%-50%, 5%-60%, 5%-70%, 5%-75%, 5%-80%, 5%-90%, 5%-100%, 75%-100%, 50%-100%, 50%-90%, 50%-75%, 25%-75%, 30%-80%, or 10%-75%, as compared to a control corn plant.

According to an aspect, a corn plant is provided having the expression level(s) of one or more GA3 oxidase gene(s) reduced in at least one plant tissue by 5%-20%, 5%-25%, 5%-30%, 5%-40%, 5%-50%, 5%-60%, 5%-70%, 5%-75%, 5%-80%, 5%-90%, 5%-100%, 75%-100%, 50%-100%, 50%-90%, 50%-75%, 25%-75%, 30%-80%, or 10%-75%, as compared to a control corn plant.

According to an aspect, the at least one tissue of a corn plant having a reduced expression level of a GA20 oxidase and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) includes one or more active GA producing tissue(s) of the plant, such as the vascular and/or leaf tissue(s) of the plant, during one or more vegetative stage(s) of development.

In an aspect, suppression of an endogenous GA20 oxidase gene or a GA3 oxidase gene is tissue-specific (e.g., only in leaf and/or vascular tissue). Suppression of a GA20 oxidase gene can be constitutive and/or vascular or leaf tissue specific or preferred. In other aspects, suppression of a GA20 oxidase gene or a GA3 oxidase gene is constitutive and not tissue-specific. According to an aspect, expression of an endogenous GA20 oxidase gene and/or a GA3 oxidase gene is reduced in one or more tissue types (e.g., in leaf and/or vascular tissue(s)) of a modified or transgenic plant as compared to the same tissue(s) of a control plant.

The use of the terms “polynucleotide” or “nucleic acid molecule” is not intended to limit the present disclosure to polynucleotides comprising deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). For example, ribonucleic acid (RNA) molecules are also envisioned. Those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that polynucleotides and nucleic acid molecules can comprise ribonucleotides and combinations of ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides. Such deoxyribonucleotides and ribonucleotides include both naturally occurring molecules and synthetic analogues. The polynucleotides of the present disclosure also encompass all forms of sequences including, but not limited to, single-stranded forms, double-stranded forms, hairpins, stem-and-loop structures, and the like. In an aspect, a nucleic acid molecule provided herein is a DNA molecule. In another aspect, a nucleic acid molecule provided herein is an RNA molecule. In an aspect, a nucleic acid molecule provided herein is single-stranded. In another aspect, a nucleic acid molecule provided herein is double-stranded. In an aspect, a polynucleotide provided herein is single-stranded. In another aspect, a polynucleotide provided herein is double-stranded.

As used herein, the term “heterologous” can refer to a combination of two or more DNA molecules or sequences, such as a promoter and an associated transcribable DNA sequence, coding sequence or gene, when such a combination is man-made and not normally found in nature. For example, a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule that targets one or more GA oxidase gene(s) for suppression can be operably linked to a heterologous plant-expressible promoter.

The terms “suppress,” “suppression,” “inhibit,” “inhibition,” “inhibiting,” and “downregulation,” as used herein, refer to a lowering, reduction or elimination of the expression level of an RNA and/or protein encoded by a gene in a plant, plant cell or plant tissue at one or more stage(s) of plant development, as compared to the expression level of such RNA and/or protein in a wild-type or control plant, cell or tissue at the same stage(s) of plant development.

As introduced above, a corn plant or plurality of corn plants provided herein can each comprise a recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence, where the recombinant DNA construct or polynucleotide sequence comprises a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a non-coding RNA molecule that targets at least one endogenous GA20 or GA3 oxidase gene for suppression. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a GA3 oxidase or GA20 oxidase gene with suppressed expression in one or more tissues as compared to a wild-type control plant. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a mutation at or near an endogenous GA oxidase gene, where the expression level of the endogenous GA oxidase gene is reduced or eliminated in the corn plant, and where the corn plant has a shorter plant height as compared to a wild-type control plant. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a mutation in a GA20 oxidase locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a mutation in a GA3 oxidase locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutation or an edit in one or more GA20 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutation or an edit in a GA20 oxidase_3 gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutation or an edit in a GA20 oxidase_5 gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or an edit in one or more GA20 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or an edit in a GA20 oxidase_3 gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_3 gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or an edit in a GA20 oxidase_5 gene as compared to a wildtype GA20 oxidase_5 gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a mutation in a GA3 oxidase locus or gene as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutation or an edit in one or more GA3 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation or an edit in a one or more GA3 oxidase loci or genes as compared to a wildtype GA3 oxidase locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a GA20 oxidase gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom. Additional details about altering the expression of GA20 and/or GA3 oxidase gene(s) through suppression, mutation, or editing of those gene(s) can be found in PCT Application No. PCT/US2017/047405, the entire contents and disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference.

In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous GA oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase_5 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidaes 3 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA3 oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous GA3 oxidase locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous GA3 oxidase locus.

As used herein, a “mutation” refers to an insertion, deletion, substitution, duplication, or inversion of one or more nucleotides and/or encoded amino acids as compared to a reference nucleotide or amino acid sequence, respectively, which can be introduced by any suitable mutagenesis or gene editing technique.

Certain mutations of brachytic genes have been shown to result in a short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype. Thus, in an aspect of the present disclosure, a corn plant is provided having a non-silent mutation or edit in a brachytic gene. See, e.g., PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/029492 and PCT/US2017/067888, the entire contents and disclosures of which are incorporated by reference. Thus, a shorter corn plant may comprise a mutation (or edit) in a brachytic gene, and may be homozygous (or biallelic) for a mutation (or edit) in a brachytic gene. As used herein, a “brachytic mutant plant” refers to a plant having a short semi-dwarf height and stature relative to a control plant (e.g., a wild-type sibling plant comprising all other traits except the brachytic trait) due to a shortening of the average internode length. Such a brachytic mutant plant can have a short semi-dwarf height and stature due to a shortening of the average internode length. As used herein, a “brachytic gene”, “BR gene”, “Br gene” or “br gene” refers to any brachytic gene in a corn plant that when mutated or edited to reduce its expression or function can result in a shorter, semi-dwarf corn plant and phenotype. In an aspect, an inbred or hybrid corn plant, or plurality of inbred or hybrid corn plants, is/are provided herein, each having a non-silent mutation or edit in a brachytic gene. In one aspect, the brachytic gene is a br1 mutant gene. In another aspect, the brachytic gene is a br2 mutant gene. In yet another aspect, the brachytic gene is a br3 mutant gene.

In maize, brachytic mutants have a short stature due to a shortening of the internode length without a corresponding reduction in the number of internodes or the number and size of other organs, including the leaves, ear and tassel. See Kempton J. Hered. 11:111-115(1920); Pilu et al., Molecular Breeding, 20:83-91(2007). Three brachytic mutants have been isolated in maize to date: brachytic1 (br1), brachytic2 (br2) and brachytic3 (br3). Br3 is also commonly referred to as brevis plant 1 (bv1). Both br1 and br3 mutations cause a reduction in corn plant height which has been thought too severe for commercial exploitation due to potential impacts on yield. In contrast, the br2 mutant has particular agronomic potential because of shortening of the internodes of the lower stalk without an obvious reduction in other plant organs. In addition, br2 lines exhibit an unusual stalk strength and tolerance to wind lodging, while the leaves are often darker and persist longer in the active green than those of the wild-type plants. The br2 phenotype is insensitive to treatment with Gibberellins, auxins, brassinosteroids and cytokinins, suggesting that the biosynthesis of these hormones is not modified by the br2 mutation. Multani et al. identified the genomic sequence of the br2 gene (SEQ ID NO: 58) and deposited it under GenBank Accession No. AY366085. See Multani et al., Science, 302:81-84 (2003). br2 was annotated to encode a putative protein similar to adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette transporters of the multidrug resistant (MDR) class of P-glycoproteins (PGPs). Pilu et al. reported a br2-23 allele having an 8-bp deletion in the 3′ end of the br2 gene and claimed a direct relationship between this deletion and the brachytic phenotype in their br2-23 plants. See Pilu et al., Molecular Breeding, 20:83-91(2007). Nevertheless, the use of brachytic mutations in corn has not been exploited commercially partly because of the severity of the available brachytic mutant alleles.

A wild-type genomic DNA sequence of the br2 locus from a reference genome is provided in SEQ ID NO: 132. A wild-type cDNA sequence of the br2 locus from a reference genome is provided in SEQ ID NO: 180. A wild-type amino acid sequence encoded by SEQ ID NO: 180 is provided in SEQ ID NO: 181.

For the br2 gene, SEQ ID NO: 132 provides 954 nucleotides upstream of the br2 5′-UTR; nucleotides 955-1000 correspond to the 5′-UTR; nucleotides 1001-1604 correspond to the first exon; nucleotides 1605-1747 correspond to the first intron; nucleotides 1748-2384 correspond to the second exon; nucleotides 2385-2473 correspond to the second intron; nucleotides 2474-2784 correspond to the third exon; nucleotides 2785-3410 correspond to the third intron; nucleotides 3411-3640 correspond to the fourth exon; nucleotides 3641-5309 correspond to the fourth intron; nucleotides 5310-7667 correspond to the fifth exon; and nucleotides 7668-8029 correspond to the 3′-UTR. SEQ ID NO: 132 also provides 638 nucleotides downstream of the end of the 3′-UTR (nucleotides 8030-8667).

As used herein, a “brachytic allele” is an allele at a particular genomic locus that confers, or contributes to, a brachytic or semi-dwarf phenotype, such as an allele of a brachytic gene that causes a brachytic or semi-dwarf phenotype, or alternatively, is an allele that allows for the identification of plants that comprise a brachytic phenotype or plants that can give rise to progenies with a brachytic phenotype. For example, a brachytic allele of a marker can be a marker allele that segregates with a brachytic phenotype.

In some aspects, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant comprises a reduced level of br2 mRNA and/or protein compared to a control corn plant not having the brachytic allele. In other aspects, the corn plants or seeds comprise reduced br2 protein activity compared to a control plant not having the brachytic allele. In some aspects, the height of a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf plant comprising a brachytic allele at maturity is reduced by at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, or at least 70% compared to a control plant not having a brachytic allele. In another aspect, the yield of a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant comprising a brachytic allele is equal to or more than the yield of a control plant not having the brachytic allele. In an aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant comprising a brachytic allele requires about 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, or 25% fewer heat units than a control plant not having the brachytic allele to reach anthesis. In an aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant is homozygous for a brachytic allele. In another aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant is heterozygous for a brachytic allele. In an aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant is a hybrid. In another aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant is an inbred.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plants comprising a brachytic allele comprising one or more sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID Nos: 59-85. In another aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant comprises a single gene conversion of the br2 genomic region.

In an aspect, a brachytic, dwarf, or semi-dwarf corn plant comprises a brachytic allele at a polymorphic locus, where the polymorphic locus is associated with, or linked to, a marker selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 86-131. In another aspect, a brachytic allele at a polymorphic locus is within 20 cM (centimorgans), within 10 cM, within 5 cM, within 1 cM, or within 0.5 cM of a marker selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 86-131. In another aspect, a brachytic allele is at a polymorphic locus within 20 cM, within 10 cM, within 5 cM, within 1 cM, or within 0.5 cM of a marker selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 90-117. In another aspect, a brachytic allele is at a polymorphic locus within 20 cM, within 10 cM, within 5 cM, within 1 cM, or within 0.5 cM of a marker selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 92 and 117.

In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 50% brachytic corn plants. In an aspect, a corn field provided herein comprises at least 60% brachytic corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 70% brachytic corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 80% brachytic corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises at least 90% brachytic corn plants. a corn field provided herein comprises 100% brachytic corn plants.

In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises at least one non-natural brachytic mutation, where the corn plant exhibits a semi-dwarf phenotype compared to a control corn plant not comprising the at least one non-natural brachytic mutation when grown under comparable conditions. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises at least one non-natural brachytic mutation. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises at least one non-natural brachytic mutant allele. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises at least one non-natural brachytic mutation and exhibits a semi-dwarf phenotype. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises at least one non-natural brachytic mutant allele and exhibits a semi-dwarf phenotype. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a non-naturally occurring mutation in a br gene reducing the activity of the br gene, where the mutation is not introduced via transposon. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein can comprise a mutation in a br2 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype br2 locus or gene. In an aspect, a corn plant provided herein is homozygous for a mutation in a br2 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype br2 locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein is heterozygous for a mutation in a br2 locus or gene as compared to a wildtype br2 locus or gene. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a modified br2 gene with reduced activity, where the corn plant does not comprise a br2-23 brachytic allele or SNP5259. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a synthetic mutation in a br gene reducing the activity of the br gene. As used herein, the term “synthetic mutation” refers to non-spontaneous mutation and occurs as a result of exposure to mutagens.

In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a non-transgene or non-transposon mediated mutation in a br gene reducing the activity of the br gene. In a further aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a recessive, non-transgenic br mutant allele. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a br gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a br1 gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a br2 gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom. In another aspect, a corn plant provided herein comprises a heterologous polynucleotide capable of suppressing expression of a br3 gene or an mRNA transcribed therefrom. Additional details about corn plants and altering the expression of BR genes can be found in PCT Application No. PCT/US2016/029492 and PCT/US2017/067888, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of an endogenous br2 locus suppresses the expression of a wild-type allele of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a mutant allele product of an endogenous br2 locus disrupts the function of a wild-type allele product of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a “product” of a mutant allele is a mRNA transcript. In an aspect, a “product” of a mutant allele comprises an antisense RNA. In an aspect, a “product” of a mutant allele is a protein.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a mutant allele of an endogenous br2 locus, where the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous br2 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA that is at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% complementary to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NOs: 132 or 180, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous br2 locus produces an RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence. In an aspect, a mutant allele of an endogenous br2 locus further comprises deletion of at least one portion of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a “portion” of an endogenous br2 locus refers to at least 1 nucleotide.

In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele at an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a mutant allele at an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is homozygous for a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is biallelic for a first mutant allele and a second mutant allele each within an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a first mutant allele comprises a deletion and/or an inversion or antisense sequence. In an aspect, a second mutant allele comprises a deletion and/or an inversion or antisense sequence. In an aspect, a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, is heterozygous for a deletion and/or an inversion or antisense sequence within an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises between 1 nucleotide and 8667 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 8000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 7000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 6000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 5000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 4000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 3000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 2000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 1000 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 750 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 500 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 250 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 100 nucleotides, between 1 nucleotide and 50 nucleotides, between 10 nucleotide and 8000 nucleotides, between 10 nucleotide and 5000 nucleotides, between 10 nucleotide and 2500 nucleotides, between 10 nucleotide and 1000 nucleotides, between 10 nucleotide and 100 nucleotides, between 100 nucleotide and 8000 nucleotides, between 100 nucleotide and 5000 nucleotides, between 100 nucleotide and 2500 nucleotides, between 100 nucleotide and 1000 nucleotides, or between 100 nucleotide and 500 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 1 nucleotide. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 2 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 5 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 10 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 20 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 30 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 40 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 50 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 100 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 200 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 300 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 400 nucleotides. In an aspect, a deletion within an endogenous br2 locus comprises at least 500 nucleotides.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a mutant allele of an endogenous br2 locus, where the mutant allele comprises a deletion of at least one nucleotide from at least one exon of an endogenous br2 locus as compared to SEQ ID NO: 132. In an aspect, a deletion further comprises the deletion of at least one exon of an endogenous br2 locus as compared to SEQ ID NO: 132. In an aspect, a deletion comprises the deletion of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises the deletion of at least two exons from an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, two deleted exons from an endogenous br2 locus are contiguous. In an aspect, two deleted exons from an endogenous br2 locus are not contiguous. In an aspect, the first exon of an endogenous br2 locus is deleted. In an aspect, the second exon of an endogenous br2 locus is deleted. In an aspect, the third exon of an endogenous br2 locus is deleted. In an aspect, the fourth exon of an endogenous br2 locus is deleted. In an aspect, the fifth exon of an endogenous br2 locus is deleted. In an aspect, a deletion further comprises the deletion of at least one nucleotide from at least one intron of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion further comprises the deletion of at least one nucleotide from at least one intron of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises the deletion of at least one intron of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises the deletion of at least one nucleotide of the 5′-untranslated region of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises the deletion of at least one nucleotide of the 3′-untranslated region of the endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the first exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the second exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the third exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the fourth exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the fifth exon of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the first exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the second exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the third exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the fourth exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the fifth exon of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of at least one intron of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one intron of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the 5′-untranslated region of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the 5′-untranslated region of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide of the 3′-untranslated region of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of the 3′-untranslated region of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises a deletion of at least one nucleotide of at least one intron, a deletion of at least one nucleotide of at least one exon, at least one nucleotide of a 5′-untranslated region (UTR), at least one nucleotide of a 3′-UTR, or any combination thereof of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide from a first exon and at least one nucleotide from a second exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide from a first exon, at least one nucleotide from a second exon, and at least one nucleotide from a third exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide from a first exon, at least one nucleotide from a second exon, at least one nucleotide from a third exon, and at least one nucleotide from a fourth exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of at least one nucleotide from a first exon, at least one nucleotide from a second exon, at least one nucleotide from a third exon, at least one nucleotide from a fourth exon, and at least one nucleotide from a fifth exon of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a deletion comprises a deletion of a first exon and a second exon from an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a first deleted exon and a second deleted exon are contiguous. In an aspect, a first deleted exon and a second deleted exon are not contiguous. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of a first exon and a second exon from an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of a first exon, a second exon, and a third exon from an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of a first exon, a second exon, a third exon, and a fourth exon from an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a deletion comprises deletion of a first exon, a second exon, a third exon, a fourth exon, and a fifth exon from an endogenous br2 locus.

According to some embodiments, an endogenous gene can be edited or engineered to express a truncated protein relative to a wild type protein by the introduction of a premature stop codon into the coding sequence and the encoded mRNA transcript of the endogenous gene. Without being bound by theory, a truncated Br2 protein expressed from an edited endogenous br2 gene comprising a premature stop codon may not only be non-functional or have reduced function, but also interfere with the functioning of a wild type Br2 protein to act in a dominant or semi-dominant manner. In an aspect, a premature stop codon within an mRNA transcript results in translation of a truncated protein as compared to a control mRNA transcript that lacks the premature stop codon. As used herein, a “stop codon” refers to a nucleotide triplet within an mRNA transcript that signals a termination of protein translation. A “premature stop codon” refers to a stop codon positioned earlier (e.g., on the 5′-side) than the normal stop codon position in an endogenous mRNA transcript. A stop codon is a nucleotide triplet in a mRNA that signals the termination of protein translation from the mRNA. Without being limiting, several stop codons are known in the art, including “UAG,” “UAA,” “UGA,” “TAG,” “TAA,” and “TGA.” In an aspect, a premature stop codon can arise from a frameshift mutation. Frameshift mutations can be caused by the insertion or deletion of one or more nucleotides in a protein-coding sequence. In an aspect, a premature stop codon can arise from a substitution, missense or nonsense mutation. In an aspect, a nonsense, missense or frameshift mutation provided herein is located in an exon of a br2 gene. In an aspect, a substitution, insertion or deletion provided herein is located in a gene element selected from the group consisting of an exon and an intron/exon splice site. A substitution, insertion or deletion provided herein can generate a protein with one or more, two or more, three or more, four or more, five or more, six or more, seven or more, eight or more, nine or more, or ten or more nonsense mutations. According to present embodiments, a premature stop codon may be introduced into the coding sequence of an endogenous br2 gene via a targeted editing technique and/or site-directed integration. The premature stop codon may be generated via imperfect DNA repair following a double strand break introduced into a br2 gene, or via template-assisted repair following introduction of the double strand break using a DNA donor template comprising the premature stop codon. Such a DNA donor template may further comprise one or more flanking homologous arms or sequences that are identical, homologous or complementary to a corresponding sequence of the endogenous br2 gene to help promote recombination between the donor template and the target site in the endogenous br2 gene for insertion of a sequence comprising the premature stop codon at the desired target site.

In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within the first exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within the second exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within the third exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within the fourth exon of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within the fifth exon of an endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, a mutant allele provided herein encodes a truncated protein as compared to SEQ ID NO: 181. As used herein, a “truncated” protein or polypeptide comprises at least one fewer amino acid as compared to an endogenous control protein or polypeptide. For example, if endogenous Protein A comprises 100 amino acids, a truncated version of Protein A can comprise between 1 and 99 amino acids.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, comprising a premature stop codon within a nucleic acid sequence encoding a Brachytic2 protein as compared to a nucleic acid sequence of a control corn plant or plant part thereof. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, comprising a premature stop codon within a nucleic acid sequence encoding a Brachytic2 protein. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, comprising a truncated Brachytic2 protein encoded by a nucleic acid sequence comprising a premature stop codon as compared to a wildtype or control nucleic acid sequence. In an aspect, this disclosure provides a modified corn plant, or plant part thereof, comprising a premature stop codon in a nucleic acid sequence as compared to SEQ ID NO: 180.

In an aspect, a premature stop codon is positioned within a region of a br2 mRNA transcript selected from the group consisting of the first exon, the second exon, the third exon, the fourth exon, and the fifth exon.

In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1375 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1350 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1300 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1200 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1100 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 1000 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 900 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 800 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 700 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 600 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 500 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 400 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 300 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 200 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 100 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises fewer than 50 amino acids.

In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 1 amino acid and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 25 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 50 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 100 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 250 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 500 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 750 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 1000 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 1250 amino acids and 1378 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 100 amino acids and 1000 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 250 amino acids and 1000 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 500 amino acids and 1000 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 750 amino acids and 1000 amino acids. In an aspect, a truncated Br2 protein sequence comprises between 1000 amino acids and 1378 amino acids.

In an aspect, a mutant allele of an endogenous br2 locus suppresses the expression of a wild-type allele of the endogenous br2 locus.

In an aspect, an RNA transcript comprises one or more sequence elements of the endogenous br2 locus selected from the group consisting of 5′-UTR, first exon, first intron, second exon, second intron, third exon, third intron, fourth exon, fourth intron, fifth exon, 3′-UTR, and any portion thereof. In an aspect, an endogenous sequence of an RNA transcript is at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical to at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 100, at least 200, at least 300, at least 400, at least 500, at least 600, at least 700, at least 800, at least 900, or at least 1000 consecutive nucleotides of SEQ ID NOs: 132 or 180.

In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a nucleotide sequence originating from the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises an inverted genomic fragment of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment is inserted near or adjacent to a corresponding endogenous DNA segment of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment is inserted within a region selected from the group consisting of the 5′ untranslated region (UTR), first exon, first intron, second exon, second intron, third exon, third intron, fourth exon, fourth intron, fifth exon, and 3′ UTR of an endogenous br2 locus, and a combination thereof. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical or complementary to an exon sequence of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical or complementary to an untranslated region (UTR) sequence of the endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, the sense strand of a DNA segment comprises a sequence at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical or complementary to an exon sequence and an intron sequence of the endogenous br2 locus, the exon sequence and the intron sequence being contiguous within the endogenous locus. In an aspect, a DNA segment comprises a sequence having at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identical or complementary to SEQ ID NOs: 132 or 180.

In an aspect, a mutant allele encodes a truncated br2 protein as compared to SEQ ID NO: 181. In an aspect, a truncated br2 protein is at least 1, at least 2, at least 3, at least 4, at least 5, at least 10, at least 20, at least 30, at least 40, at least 50, at least 60, at least 70, at least 80, at least 90, at least 100, or at least 150 amino acids shorter than the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 181.

In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises a native sequence of an endogenous br2 locus. In an aspect, an intervening DNA sequence comprises an exogenous sequence inserted into an endogenous br2 locus.

Without being bound by theory, it is proposed that ectopic expression or overexpression of GA2 oxidase transgene(s) may be effective in achieving a short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype with increased resistance to lodging, but without reproductive off-types in the ear. It is further proposed, without being limited by theory, that restricting the expression of GA2 oxidase gene(s) to certain active GA-producing tissues, such as the vascular and/or leaf tissues of the plant, may be sufficient to produce a short-stature plant with increased lodging resistance, but without significant off-types in reproductive tissues. Expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene in a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred manner may be sufficient and effective at producing plants with the short stature phenotype, while avoiding potential off-types in reproductive tissues that were previously observed with GA mutants in corn (e.g., by avoiding or limiting the expression of the GA2 oxidase gene(s) in those reproductive tissues). For example, the GA2 oxidase transgene(s) may be expressed using a vascular promoter, such as a rice tungro bacilliform virus (RTBV) promoter, that drives expression in vascular tissues of plants. The expression pattern of the RTBV promoter is enriched in vascular tissues of corn plants relative to non-vascular tissues, which is sufficient to produce a semi-dwarf phenotype in corn plants when operably linked to a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase gene(s). Lowering of active GA levels in tissue(s) of a corn plant that produce active GAs may reduce plant height and increase lodging resistance, and off-types may be avoided in those plants if active GA levels are not also significantly impacted or lowered in reproductive tissues, such as the developing female organ or ear of the plant. If active GA levels could be reduced in the stalk, stem, or internode(s) of corn plants without significantly affecting GA levels in reproductive tissues (e.g., the female or male reproductive organs or inflorescences), then corn plants having reduced plant height and increased lodging resistance could be created without off-types in the reproductive tissues of the plant.

Thus, recombinant DNA constructs and transgenic plants are provided herein comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein operably linked to a plant expressible promoter, which may be a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter may drive expression of its associated GA2 oxidase coding sequence in one or more active GA-producing tissue(s) of the plant to reduce the level of active GAs produced in those tissue(s). Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter may drive expression of its associated GA2 oxidase transgene or coding sequence during one or more vegetative stage(s) of development. Such a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter may also have little or no expression in one or more cell(s) or tissue(s) of the developing female organ or ear of the plant to avoid the possibility of off-types in those reproductive tissues. According to some embodiments, the tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter is a vascular promoter, such as the RTBV promoter. The sequence of the RTBV promoter is provided herein as SEQ ID NO: 656, and a truncated version of the RTBV promoter is further provided herein as SEQ ID NO: 657.

In addition to suppressing GA20 oxidase genes in active GA-producing tissues of the plant with a vascular tissue promoter, it is further proposed that GA2 oxidase transgenes may also be expressed with various constitutive promoters to cause the short, semi-dwarf stature phenotypes in corn, without any visible off-types in the ear. Thus, it is further proposed that expression of one or more GA2 oxidase transgenes could be carried out using a constitutive promoter to create a short stature, lodging-resistant corn plant without any significant or observable reproductive off-types in the plant.

Without being limited by theory, it is proposed that short stature, semi-dwarf phenotypes in corn plants may result from a sufficient level of expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene(s) in active GA-producing tissue(s) of the plant, and restricting the pattern of expression to avoid reproductive ear tissues may not be necessary to avoid reproductive off-types in the developing ear. It is proposed that the semi-dwarf phenotype with GA2 oxidase overexpression can be the result of shortening the stem internodes of the plant. Without being bound by theory, it is proposed that expression of GA2 oxidase transgene(s) in tissue(s) and/or cell(s) of the plant where active GAs are produced, and not necessarily in stem or internode tissue(s), may be sufficient to produce semi-dwarf plants, even though the short stature trait is due to shortening of the stem internodes. Given that GAs can migrate through the vasculature of the plant, it is proposed that manipulating GA oxidase genes in plant tissue(s) where active GAs are produced may result in a short stature, semi-dwarf plant, even though this may be largely achieved by reducing the level of active GAs produced in non-stem tissues (i.e., away from the site of action in the stem where reduced internode elongation leads to the semi-dwarf phenotype). However, without being bound by theory, expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene at low levels, and/or in a limited number of plant tissues, may be insufficient to cause a significant short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype.

The plant hormone gibberellin plays an important role in a number of plant developmental processes including germination, cell elongation, flowering, embryogenesis and seed development. Certain biosynthetic enzymes (e.g., GA20 oxidase and GA3 oxidase) and catabolic enzymes (e.g., GA2 oxidase) in the GA pathway are critical to affecting active GA levels in plant tissues. While the biosynthetic enzymes can increase the level of active GAs, the catabolic enzymes can reduce the level(s) of active GAs in plants or plant cells. Thus, it is proposed that overexpression or ectopic expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene in a constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred manner may produce corn plants having a short stature phenotype and increased lodging resistance, with possible increased yield, but without off-types in the ear. Thus, according to some embodiments, constructs and transgenes are provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein operably linked to a constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter, such as a vascular or leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter is a vascular promoter, such as the RTBV promoter. However, other types of tissue-specific or tissue preferred promoters may potentially be used for GA2 oxidase expression in active GA-producing tissues of a corn plant to produce a semi-dwarf phenotype without significant off-types.

According to some embodiments, a modified or transgenic plant is provided having a GA2 oxidase gene expression level that is increased in at least one plant tissue by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a control plant. According to some embodiments, a modified or transgenic plant is provided having a GA2 oxidase gene expression level that is increased in at least one plant tissue by 5%-20%, 5%-25%, 5%-30%, 5%-40%, 5%-50%, 5%-60%, 5%-70%, 5%-75%, 5%-80%, 5%-90%, 5%-100%, 75%-100%, 50%-100%, 50%-90%, 50%-75%, 25%-75%, 30%-80%, or 10%-75%, as compared to a control plant. According to these embodiments, the at least one tissue of a modified or transgenic plant having an increased expression level of a GA2 oxidase gene(s) includes one or more active GA producing tissue(s) of the plant, such as the vascular and/or leaf tissue(s) of the plant, during one or more vegetative stage(s) of development.

In some embodiments, transgenic expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene is constitutive or tissue-specific (e.g., only in leaf and/or vascular tissue). For example, expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene may be vascular or leaf tissue specific or preferred. In other embodiments, expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene is constitutive and not tissue-specific. According to some embodiments, expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene is increased in one or more tissue types (e.g., in leaf and/or vascular tissue(s)) of a modified or transgenic plant as compared to the same tissue(s) of a control plant.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector is provided comprising an expression cassette comprising a GA2 oxidase coding sequence or transcribable DNA sequence that is operably linked to a plant-expressible constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. The expression cassette may comprise a transcribable DNA sequence having a percent identity to all or part of a GA2 oxidase gene or coding sequence. A transgene having a coding sequence with a lower percent identity to all or part of a GA2 oxidase gene may encode a protein having or retaining a GA catabolic activity in a corn plant or plant cell similar to GA2 oxidase genes in general.

A single GA2 oxidase transgene or expression cassette may be present in a construct, molecule or vector, or multiple GA2 oxidase transgenes or expression cassettes may be arranged serially in tandem or arranged in tandem segments or repeats, in a construct, molecule or vector, which may also be interrupted by one or more spacer sequence(s). The sequence of each transgene or expression cassette may encode a GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein. A transcribable DNA sequence or coding sequence of a GA2 oxidase transgene may encode a protein having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identity to all or part of a GA2 oxidase gene sequence.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase. According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein in a plant cell, and wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter, such as a constitutive or tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, suitable tissue-specific or tissue preferred promoters for expression of a GA2 oxidase may include those promoters that drive or cause expression of its associated suppression element or sequence at least in the vascular and/or leaf tissue(s) of a corn plant. Expression of the GA2 oxidase with a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter may also occur in other tissues of the corn plant outside of the vascular and leaf tissues, but active GA levels in the developing reproductive tissues of the plant (particularly in the female reproductive organ or ear) are preferably not significantly reduced or impacted (relative to wild type or control plants), such that development of the female organ or ear may proceed normally in the transgenic plant without off-types in the ear and a loss in yield potential. According to many embodiments, the plant-expressible promoter may preferably drive expression constitutively or in at least a portion of the vascular and/or leaf tissues of the plant. However, some tissue-specific and tissue-preferred promoters driving expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene in a plant may not produce a significant short stature or anti-lodging phenotypes due to the spatial-temporal pattern of expression of the promoter during plant development, and/or the amount or strength of expression of the promoter being too low or weak. A sufficient level of expression of a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase may be necessary to produce a short stature, semi-dwarf phenotype that resists lodging, since lower levels of expression may be insufficient to lower active GA levels in the plant to a sufficient extent to cause a significant phenotype. Thus, tissue-specific and tissue-preferred promoters that drive, etc., a moderate or strong level of expression of their associated transcribable DNA sequence in active GA-producing tissue(s) of a plant may be preferred. Furthermore, such tissue-specific and tissue-preferred should drive, etc., expression of their associated transcribable DNA sequence during one or more vegetative stage(s) of plant development when the plant is growing and/or elongating including one or more of the following vegetative stage(s): V_E, V1, V2, V3, V4, V5, V6, V7, V8, V9, V10, V11, V12, V13, V14, Vn, V_T, such as expression at least during V3-V12, V4-V12, V5-V12, V6-V12, V7-V12, V8-V12, V3-V14, V5-V14, V6-V14, V7-V14, V8-V14, V9-V14, V10-V14, etc., or during any other range of vegetative stages when growth and/or elongation of the plant is occurring.

Any vascular promoters known in the art may potentially be used as the tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. Examples of vascular promoters include the RTBV promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 656), a known sucrose synthase gene promoter, such as a corn sucrose synthase-1 (Sus1 or Sh1) promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 658), a corn Sh1 gene paralog promoter, a barley sucrose synthase promoter (Ss1) promoter, a rice sucrose synthase-1 (RSs1) promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 659), or a rice sucrose synthase-2 (RSs2) promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 660), a known sucrose transporter gene promoter, such as a rice sucrose transporter promoter (SUT1) (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 661), or various known viral promoters, such as a Commelina yellow mottle virus (CoYMV) promoter, a wheat dwarf geminivirus (WDV) large intergenic region (LIR) promoter, a maize streak geminivirus (MSV) coat protein (CP) promoter, or a rice yellow stripe 1 (YS1)-like or OsYSL2 promoter (SEQ ID NO: 662), and any functional sequence portion or truncation of any of the foregoing promoters with a similar pattern of expression, such as a truncated RTBV promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 657). Any other vascular promoters known in the art may also be used, including promoter sequences from related genes (e.g., sucrose synthase, sucrose transporter, and viral gene promoter sequences) from the same or different plant species, microbe or virus that have a similar pattern of expression. Further provided are promoter sequences with a high degree of homology to any of the foregoing. For example, a vascular promoter may comprise a DNA sequence that is at least at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and 662, any functional sequence portion or truncation thereof, and/or any sequence complementary to any of the foregoing sequences. Examples of vascular promoters may further include other known, engineered and/or later-identified promoter sequences shown to have a pattern of expression in vascular tissue(s) of a corn plant.

Any leaf promoters known in the art may potentially be used as the tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter. Examples of leaf promoters include a corn pyruvate phosphate dikinase or PPDK promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 663), a corn fructose 1,6 bisphosphate aldolase or FDA promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 664), and a rice Nadh-Gogat promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 665), and any functional sequence portion or truncation of any of the foregoing promoters with a similar pattern of expression. Other examples of leaf promoters from monocot plant genes include a ribulose biphosphate carboxylase (RuBisCO) or RuBisCO small subunit (RBCS) promoter, a chlorophyll a/b binding protein gene promoter, a phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) promoter, and a Myb gene promoter, and any functional sequence portion or truncation of any of these promoters with a similar pattern of expression. Any other leaf promoters known in the art may also be used, including promoter sequences from related genes from the same or different plant species, microbe or virus that have a similar pattern of expression. Further provided are promoter sequences with a high degree of homology to any of the foregoing. For example, a leaf promoter may comprise a DNA sequence that is at least at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and 665, any functional sequence portion or truncation thereof, and/or any sequence complementary to any of the foregoing sequences. Examples of leaf promoters may further include other known, engineered and/or later-identified promoter sequences shown to have a pattern of expression in leaf tissue(s) of a corn plant.

Any constitutive promoters known in the art may potentially be used. Examples of constitutive promoters that may be used in corn plants include, for example, various actin gene promoters, such as a rice Actin 1 promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,641,876; see also SEQ ID NO: 666 or SEQ ID NO: 667) and a rice Actin 2 promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,429,357; see also, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 668 or SEQ ID NO: 669), a CaMV 35S or 19S promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,352,605; see also, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 670 for CaMV 35S), a maize ubiquitin promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,510,474), a Coix lacryma-jobi polyubiquitin promoter (see, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 671), a rice or maize Gos2 promoter (see, e.g., Pater et al., The Plant Journal, 2(6): 837-44 1992; see also, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 672 for the rice Gos2 promoter), a FMV 35S promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,372,211), a dual enhanced CMV promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,322,938), a MMV promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 6,420,547; see also, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 673), a PCLSV promoter (see, e.g., U.S. Pat. No. 5,850,019; see also, e.g., SEQ ID NO: 674), an Emu promoter (see, e.g., Last et al., Theor. Appl. Genet. 81:581 (1991); and Mcelroy et al., Mol. Gen. Genet. 231:150 (1991)), a tubulin promoter from maize, rice or other species, a nopaline synthase (nos) promoter, an octopine synthase (ocs) promoter, a mannopine synthase (mas) promoter, or a plant alcohol dehydrogenase (e.g., maize Adh1) promoter, any other promoters including viral promoters known or later-identified in the art to provide constitutive expression in a corn plant, any other constitutive promoters known in the art that may be used in corn plants, and any functional sequence portion or truncation of any of the foregoing promoters.

Any other constitutive promoters known in the art may also be used, including promoter sequences from related genes from the same or different plant species, microbe or virus that have a similar pattern of expression. Further provided are promoter sequences with a high degree of homology to any of the foregoing. For example, a constitutive promoter may comprise a DNA sequence that is at least at least 70%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5% or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and 674, any functional sequence portion or truncation thereof, and/or any sequence complementary to any of the foregoing sequences. Examples of constitutive promoters may further include other known, engineered and/or later-identified promoter sequences shown to have a constitutive pattern of expression in a corn plant. Furthermore, any known or later-identified constitutive promoter may also be used.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein from a monocot or cereal plant, such as a corn plant, or encoding a GA2 oxidase protein having at least a certain percent homology to a GA2 oxidase protein from a monocot or cereal plant, such as a corn plant. A family of at least thirteen GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in corn (Zea mays) including Zm.GA2 oxidase_1, Zm.GA2 oxidase_2, Zm.GA2 oxidase_3, Zm.GA2 oxidase_4, Zm.GA2 oxidase_5, Zm.GA2 oxidase_6, Zm.GA2 oxidase_7, Zm.GA2 oxidase_8, Zm.GA2 oxidase_9, Zm.GA2 oxidase_10, Zm.GA2 oxidase_11, Zm.GA2 oxidase_12, and Zm.GA2 oxidase_13. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes are provided in Table 3.

TABLE 3

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in corn.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Zm.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 324
SEQ ID NO: 325

Zm.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 326
SEQ ID NO: 327

Zm.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 328
SEQ ID NO: 329

Zm.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 330
SEQ ID NO: 331

Zm.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 332
SEQ ID NO: 333

Zm.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 334
SEQ ID NO: 335

Zm.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 336
SEQ ID NO: 337

Zm.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 338
SEQ ID NO: 339

Zm.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 340
SEQ ID NO: 341

Zm.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 342
SEQ ID NO: 343

Zm.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 344
SEQ ID NO: 345

Zm.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 346
SEQ ID NO: 347

Zm.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 348
SEQ ID NO: 349

GA2 oxidase genes from other monocot or cereal plant species may also be used, such as rice, barley, wheat and sorghum. According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein from a monocot or cereal plant other than corn, or encoding a GA2 oxidase protein having at least a certain percent homology to a GA2 oxidase protein from a monocot or cereal plant other than corn. A family of at least ten GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in rice (Oryza sativa) plants including Os.GA2 oxidase_1, Os.GA2 oxidase_2, Os.GA2 oxidase_3, Os.GA2 oxidase_4, Os.GA2 oxidase_5, Os.GA2 oxidase_6, Os.GA2 oxidase_7, Os.GA2 oxidase_8, Os.GA2 oxidase_9, and Os.GA2 oxidase_10. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes are provided in Table 4.

TABLE 4

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in rice.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Os.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 350
SEQ ID NO: 351

Os.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 352
SEQ ID NO: 353

Os.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 354
SEQ ID NO: 355

Os.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 356
SEQ ID NO: 357

Os.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 358
SEQ ID NO: 359

Os.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 360
SEQ ID NO: 361

Os.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 362
SEQ ID NO: 363

Os.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 364
SEQ ID NO: 365

Os.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 366
SEQ ID NO: 367

Os.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 368
SEQ ID NO: 369

A family of at least eight GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in barley (Hordeum vulgare) plants including Hv.GA2 oxidase_1, Hv.GA2 oxidase_2, Hv.GA2 oxidase_3, Hv.GA2 oxidase_4, Hv.GA2 oxidase_5, Hv.GA2 oxidase_6, Hv.GA2 oxidase_7, and Hv.GA2 oxidase_8. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes are provided in Table 5.

TABLE 5

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in barley.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Hv.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 370
SEQ ID NO: 371

Hv.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 372
SEQ ID NO: 373

Hv.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 374
SEQ ID NO: 375

Hv.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 376
SEQ ID NO: 377

Hv.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 378
SEQ ID NO: 379

Hv.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 380
SEQ ID NO: 381

Hv.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 382
SEQ ID NO: 383

Hv.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 384
SEQ ID NO: 385

A family of at least sixteen GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) plants including Hv.GA2 oxidase_1, Sb.GA2 oxidase_2, Sb.GA2 oxidase_3, Sb.GA2 oxidase_4, Sb.GA2 oxidase_5, Sb.GA2 oxidase_6, Sb.GA2 oxidase_7, Sb.GA2 oxidase_8, Sb.GA2 oxidase_9, Sb.GA2 oxidase_10, Sb.GA2 oxidase_11, Sb.GA2 oxidase_12, Sb.GA2 oxidase_13, Sb.GA2 oxidase_14, Sb.GA2 oxidase_15, and Sb.GA2 oxidase_16. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes are provided in Table 6.

TABLE 6

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in sorghum.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Sb.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 386
SEQ ID NO: 387

Sb.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 388
SEQ ID NO: 389

Sb.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 390
SEQ ID NO: 391

Sb.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 392
SEQ ID NO: 393

Sb.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 394
SEQ ID NO: 395

Sb.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 396
SEQ ID NO: 397

Sb.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 398
SEQ ID NO: 399

Sb.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 400
SEQ ID NO: 401

Sb.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 402
SEQ ID NO: 403

Sb.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 404
SEQ ID NO: 405

Sb.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 406
SEQ ID NO: 407

Sb.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 408
SEQ ID NO: 409

Sb.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 410
SEQ ID NO: 411

Sb.GA2 oxidase_14
SEQ ID NO: 412
SEQ ID NO: 413

Sb.GA2 oxidase_15
SEQ ID NO: 414
SEQ ID NO: 415

Sb.GA2 oxidase_16
SEQ ID NO: 416
SEQ ID NO: 417

A family of at least fifteen GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in wheat (Triticum aestivum) including Ta.GA2 oxidase_1, Ta.GA2 oxidase_2, Ta.GA2 oxidase_3, Ta.GA2 oxidase_4, Ta.GA2 oxidase_5, Ta.GA2 oxidase_6, Ta.GA2 oxidase_7, Ta.GA2 oxidase_8, Ta.GA2 oxidase_9, Ta.GA2 oxidase_10, Ta.GA2 oxidase_11, Ta.GA2 oxidase_12, Ta.GA2 oxidase_13, Ta.GA2 oxidase_14, and Ta.GA2 oxidase_15. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from wheat are provided in Table 7.

TABLE 7

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in wheat.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Ta.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 418
SEQ ID NO: 419

Ta.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 420
SEQ ID NO: 421

Ta.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 422
SEQ ID NO: 423

Ta.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 424
SEQ ID NO: 425

Ta.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 426
SEQ ID NO: 427

Ta.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 428
SEQ ID NO: 429

Ta.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 430
SEQ ID NO: 431

Ta.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 432
SEQ ID NO: 433

Ta.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 434
SEQ ID NO: 435

Ta.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 436
SEQ ID NO: 437

Ta.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 438
SEQ ID NO: 439

Ta.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 440
SEQ ID NO: 441

Ta.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 442
SEQ ID NO: 443

Ta.GA2 oxidase_14
SEQ ID NO: 444
SEQ ID NO: 445

Ta.GA2 oxidase_15
SEQ ID NO: 446
SEQ ID NO: 447

In addition to the corn sequences listed in Table 3, a family of at least eleven GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in another corn (Zea Mays) germplasm line including Zm2.GA2 oxidase_1, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_2, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_3, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_4, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_5, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_6, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_7, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_8, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_9, Zm2.GA2 oxidase_10, and Zm2.GA2 oxidase_11. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes are provided in Table 8.

TABLE 8

Additional DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in corn.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 448
SEQ ID NO: 449

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 450
SEQ ID NO: 451

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 452
SEQ ID NO: 453

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 454
SEQ ID NO: 455

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 456
SEQ ID NO: 457

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 458
SEQ ID NO: 459

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 460
SEQ ID NO: 461

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 462
SEQ ID NO: 463

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 464
SEQ ID NO: 465

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 466
SEQ ID NO: 467

Zm2.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 468
SEQ ID NO: 469

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, a recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein from a dicot plant, such as a soybean, cotton, canola, Arabidopsis, moss (Physcomitrella patens), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa), barrel clover (Medicago truncatula), pea (Pisum sativum), spinach (Spinacia oleracea) or whorled honey flower (Paris polyphylla) plant, or encoding a GA2 oxidase protein having at least a certain percent homology to a GA2 oxidase protein from a monocot or cereal plant, such as a corn plant.

A family of at least sixteen GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in soybean (Glycine max) including Gm.GA2 oxidase_1, Gm.GA2 oxidase_2, Gm.GA2 oxidase_3, Gm.GA2 oxidase_4, Gm.GA2 oxidase_5, Gm.GA2 oxidase_6, Gm.GA2 oxidase_7, Gm.GA2 oxidase_8, Gm.GA2 oxidase_9, Gm.GA2 oxidase_10, Gm.GA2 oxidase_11, Gm.GA2 oxidase_12, Gm.GA2 oxidase_13, Gm.GA2 oxidase_14, Gm.GA2 oxidase_15, and Gm.GA2 oxidase_16. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from soybean are provided in Table 9.

TABLE 9

Additional DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in soybean.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Gm.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 470
SEQ ID NO: 471

Gm.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 472
SEQ ID NO: 473

Gm.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 474
SEQ ID NO: 475

Gm.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 476
SEQ ID NO: 477

Gm.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 478
SEQ ID NO: 479

Gm.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 480
SEQ ID NO: 481

Gm.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 482
SEQ ID NO: 483

Gm.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 484
SEQ ID NO: 485

Gm.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 486
SEQ ID NO: 487

Gm.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 488
SEQ ID NO: 489

Gm.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 490
SEQ ID NO: 491

Gm.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 492
SEQ ID NO: 493

Gm.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 494
SEQ ID NO: 495

Gm.GA2 oxidase_14
SEQ ID NO: 496
SEQ ID NO: 497

Gm.GA2 oxidase_15
SEQ ID NO: 498
SEQ ID NO: 499

Gm.GA2 oxidase_16
SEQ ID NO: 500
SEQ ID NO: 501

A family of at least fifteen related GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) including Gh.GA2 oxidase_1, Gh.GA2 oxidase_2, Gh.GA2 oxidase_3, Gh.GA2 oxidase_4, Gh.GA2 oxidase_5, Gh.GA2 oxidase_6, Gh.GA2 oxidase_7, Gh.GA2 oxidase_8, Gh.GA2 oxidase_9, Gh.GA2 oxidase_10, Gh.GA2 oxidase_11, Gh.GA2 oxidase_12, Gh.GA2 oxidase_13, Gh.GA2 oxidase_14, and Gh.GA2 oxidase_15. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from cotton are provided in Table 10.

TABLE 10

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in cotton.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Gh.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 502
SEQ ID NO: 503

Gh.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 504
SEQ ID NO: 505

Gh.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 506
SEQ ID NO: 507

Gh.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 508
SEQ ID NO: 509

Gh.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 510
SEQ ID NO: 511

Gh.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 512
SEQ ID NO: 513

Gh.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 514
SEQ ID NO: 515

Gh.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 516
SEQ ID NO: 517

Gh.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 518
SEQ ID NO: 519

Gh.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 520
SEQ ID NO: 521

Gh.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 522
SEQ ID NO: 523

Gh.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 524
SEQ ID NO: 525

Gh.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 526
SEQ ID NO: 527

Gh.GA2 oxidase_14
SEQ ID NO: 528
SEQ ID NO: 529

Gh.GA2 oxidase_15
SEQ ID NO: 530
SEQ ID NO: 531

A family of at least fifteen GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in canola (Brassica napus) including Bn.GA2 oxidase_1, Bn.GA2 oxidase_2, Bn.GA2 oxidase_3, Bn.GA2 oxidase_4, Bn.GA2 oxidase_5, Bn.GA2 oxidase_6, Bn.GA2 oxidase_7, Bn.GA2 oxidase_8, Bn.GA2 oxidase_9, Bn.GA2 oxidase_10, Bn.GA2 oxidase_11, Bn.GA2 oxidase_12, Bn.GA2 oxidase_13, Bn.GA2 oxidase_14, and Bn.GA2 oxidase_15. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from canola are provided in Table 11.

TABLE 11

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in canola.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Bn.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 532
SEQ ID NO: 533

Bn.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 534
SEQ ID NO: 535

Bn.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 536
SEQ ID NO: 537

Bn.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 538
SEQ ID NO: 539

Bn.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 540
SEQ ID NO: 541

Bn.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 542
SEQ ID NO: 543

Bn.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 544
SEQ ID NO: 545

Bn.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 546
SEQ ID NO: 547

Bn.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 548
SEQ ID NO: 549

Bn.GA2 oxidase_10
SEQ ID NO: 550
SEQ ID NO: 551

Bn.GA2 oxidase_11
SEQ ID NO: 552
SEQ ID NO: 553

Bn.GA2 oxidase_12
SEQ ID NO: 554
SEQ ID NO: 555

Bn.GA2 oxidase_13
SEQ ID NO: 556
SEQ ID NO: 557

Bn.GA2 oxidase_14
SEQ ID NO: 558
SEQ ID NO: 559

Bn.GA2 oxidase_15
SEQ ID NO: 560
SEQ ID NO: 561

A family of at least seven GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in thale cress (Arabidopsis thaliana) including At.GA2 oxidase_1, At.GA2 oxidase_2, At.GA2 oxidase_3, At.GA2 oxidase_4, At.GA2 oxidase_6, and At.GA2 oxidase_7, and At.GA2 oxidase_8. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from Arabidopsis are provided in Table 12.

TABLE 12

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in thale cress.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

At.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 562
SEQ ID NO: 563

At.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 564
SEQ ID NO: 565

At.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 566
SEQ ID NO: 567

At.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 568
SEQ ID NO: 569

At.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 570
SEQ ID NO: 571

At.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 572
SEQ ID NO: 573

At.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 574
SEQ ID NO: 575

A family of at least seven GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in moss (Physcomitrella patens) including Pp.GA2 oxidase_1, Pp.GA2 oxidase_2, Pp.GA2 oxidase_3, Pp.GA2 oxidase_4, Pp.GA2 oxidase_5, Pp.GA2 oxidase_6, and Pp.GA2 oxidase_7. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from moss are provided in Table 13.

TABLE 13

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in moss.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Pp.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 576
SEQ ID NO: 577

Pp.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 578
SEQ ID NO: 579

Pp.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 580
SEQ ID NO: 581

Pp.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 582
SEQ ID NO: 583

Pp.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 584
SEQ ID NO: 585

Pp.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 586
SEQ ID NO: 587

Pp.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 588
SEQ ID NO: 589

A family of at least nine GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in barrel clover (Medicago truncatula) including Mt.GA2 oxidase_1, Mt.GA2 oxidase_2, Mt.GA2 oxidase_3, Mt.GA2 oxidase_4, Mt.GA2 oxidase_5, Mt.GA2 oxidase_6, Mt.GA2 oxidase_7, Mt.GA2 oxidase_8, and Mt.GA2 oxidase_9. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from Medicago are provided in Table 14.

TABLE 14

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in M. truncatula.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Mt.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 590
SEQ ID NO: 591

Mt.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 592
SEQ ID NO: 593

Mt.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 594
SEQ ID NO: 595

Mt.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 596
SEQ ID NO: 597

Mt.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 598
SEQ ID NO: 599

Mt.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 600
SEQ ID NO: 601

Mt.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 602
SEQ ID NO: 603

Mt.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 604
SEQ ID NO: 605

Mt.GA2 oxidase_9
SEQ ID NO: 606
SEQ ID NO: 607

A family of at least four related GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in whorled honey flower (Paris polyphylla) including Ppo.GA2 oxidase_1, Ppo.GA2 oxidase_2, Ppo.GA2 oxidase_3, and Ppo.GA2 oxidase_4. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from honey flower are provided in Table 15.

TABLE 15

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in P. polyphylla.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Ppo.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 608
SEQ ID NO: 609

Ppo.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 610
SEQ ID NO: 611

Ppo.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 612
SEQ ID NO: 613

Ppo.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 614
SEQ ID NO: 615

A family of at least eight GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) including Pv.GA2 oxidase_1, Pv.GA2 oxidase_2, Pv.GA2 oxidase_3, Pv.GA2 oxidase_4, Pv.GA2 oxidase_5, Pv.GA2 oxidase_6, Pv.GA2 oxidase_7, and Pv.GA2 oxidase_8. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from common bean are provided in Table 16.

TABLE 16

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in common bean.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Pv.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 616
SEQ ID NO: 617

Pv.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 618
SEQ ID NO: 619

Pv.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 620
SEQ ID NO: 621

Pv.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 622
SEQ ID NO: 623

Pv.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 624
SEQ ID NO: 625

Pv.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 626
SEQ ID NO: 627

Pv.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 628
SEQ ID NO: 629

Pv.GA2 oxidase_8
SEQ ID NO: 630
SEQ ID NO: 631

A family of at least seven related GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in cottonwood (Populus trichocarpa) including Pt.GA2 oxidase_1, Pt.GA2 oxidase_2, Pt.GA2 oxidase_3, Pt.GA2 oxidase_4, Pt.GA2 oxidase_5, Pt.GA2 oxidase_6, and Pt.GA2 oxidase_7. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from cottonwood are provided in Table 17.

TABLE 17

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in cottonwood.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Pt.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 632
SEQ ID NO: 633

Pt.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 634
SEQ ID NO: 635

Pt.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 636
SEQ ID NO: 637

Pt.GA2 oxidase_4
SEQ ID NO: 638
SEQ ID NO: 639

Pt.GA2 oxidase_5
SEQ ID NO: 640
SEQ ID NO: 641

Pt.GA2 oxidase_6
SEQ ID NO: 642
SEQ ID NO: 643

Pt.GA2 oxidase_7
SEQ ID NO: 644
SEQ ID NO: 645

A family of at least two GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in pea (Pisum sativum) including Ps.GA2 oxidase_1 and Ps.GA2 oxidase_2. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for these GA2 oxidase genes from pea are provided in Table 18.

TABLE 18

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in pea.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

Ps.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 646
SEQ ID NO: 647

Ps.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 648
SEQ ID NO: 649

A family of at least three related GA2 oxidase genes have been identified in spinach (Spinacia oleracea) including So.GA2 oxidase_1, So.GA2 oxidase_2, and So.GA2 oxidase_3. The DNA and protein sequences by SEQ ID NO for each of these GA2 oxidase genes from spinach are provided in Table 19.

TABLE 19

DNA and protein sequences for GA2 oxidase genes in spinach.

Coding Sequence

GA2 oxidase Gene
(CDS)
Protein

So.GA2 oxidase_1
SEQ ID NO: 650
SEQ ID NO: 651

So.GA2 oxidase_2
SEQ ID NO: 652
SEQ ID NO: 653

So.GA2 oxidase_3
SEQ ID NO: 654
SEQ ID NO: 655

According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA construct is, or comprises a sequence that is, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 345, 347, and/or 349. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 346, and/or 348.

According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, 361, 363, 365, 367 and/or 397. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366 and/or 368. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381, 383 and/or 385. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382 and/or 384. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 397, 399, 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413, 415 and/or 417. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414 and/or 416. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 419, 421, 423, 425, 427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445 and/or 447. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 418, 420, 422, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444 and/or 446. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 449, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 465, 467 and/or 469. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466 and/or 468.

According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to a protein sequence from a dicot or leguminous plant. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 471, 473, 475, 477, 479, 481, 483, 485, 487, 489, 491, 493, 495, 497, 499 and/or 501. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498 and/or 500. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 503, 505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 527, 529 and/or 531. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, 524, 526, 528 and/or 530. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 533, 535, 537, 539, 541, 543, 545, 547, 549, 551, 553, 555, 557, 559 and/or 561. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 532, 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546, 548, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558 and/or 560. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 563, 565, 567, 569, 571, 573 and/or 575. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 562, 564, 566, 568, 570, 572 and/or 574. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 577, 579, 581, 583, 585, 587 and/or 589. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 576, 578, 580, 582, 584, 586 and/or 588. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 591, 593, 595, 597, 599, 601, 603, 605 and/or 607. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 590, 592, 594, 596, 598, 600, 602, 604 and/or 606. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 609, 611, 613 and/or 615.

According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 608, 610, 612 and/or 614. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 617, 619, 621, 623, 625, 627, 629 and/or 631. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628 and/or 630. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 643 and/or 645. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 632, 634, 636, 638, 640, 642 and/or 644. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 647 and/or 649. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 646 and/or 648. According to some embodiments, a GA2 oxidase protein encoded by a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 651, 653 and/or 655. According to some embodiments, a transcribable DNA sequence of a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is or comprises a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 650, 652 and/or 654.

According to embodiments of the present invention, the level(s) of one or more active GAs may be reduced in the stalk or stem of a corn plant by ectopically expressing a catabolic GA2 oxidase gene to produce the short stature phenotype and resistance to lodging in transgenic plants, but without off-types in the reproductive or ear tissues of the plant.

According to embodiments of the present invention, expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene may be driven by a variety of different plant-expressible promoter types including constitutive and tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoters, such as a vascular or leaf promoter. According to present embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct for expression of a GA2 oxidase transgene in a plant is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a protein that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to a GA2 oxidase protein sequence provided herein, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter, such as a constitutive, vascular or leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 325, 327, 329, 331, 333, 335, 337, 339, 341, 343, 345, 347 and/or 349, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 346, and/or 348. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 324, 326, 328, 330, 332, 334, 336, 338, 340, 342, 344, 346, and/or 348, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 351, 353, 355, 357, 359, 361, 363, 365, 367 and/or 369, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366 and/or 368. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 350, 352, 354, 356, 358, 360, 362, 364, 366 and/or 368, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 371, 373, 375, 377, 379, 381, 383, and/or 385, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, and/or 384. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 370, 372, 374, 376, 378, 380, 382, and/or 384, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 387, 389, 391, 393, 395, 397, 399, 401, 403, 405, 407, 409, 411, 413, 415, and/or 417, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and/or 416. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 386, 388, 390, 392, 394, 396, 398, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 410, 412, 414, and/or 416, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 419, 421, 423, 425, 427, 429, 431, 433, 435, 437, 439, 441, 443, 445, and/or 447, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 418, 420, 421, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, and/or 446. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 418, 420, 421, 424, 426, 428, 430, 432, 434, 436, 438, 440, 442, 444, and/or 446, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 449, 451, 453, 455, 457, 459, 461, 463, 465, 467, and/or 469, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466, and/or 468. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 448, 450, 452, 454, 456, 458, 460, 462, 464, 466, and/or 468, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 471, 473, 475, 477, 479, 481, 483, 485, 487, 489, 491, 493, 495, 497, 499, and/or 501, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498, and/or 500. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 470, 472, 474, 476, 478, 480, 482, 484, 486, 488, 490, 492, 494, 496, 498, and/or 500, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 503, 505, 507, 509, 511, 513, 515, 517, 519, 521, 523, 525, 527, 529, and/or 531, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, 524, 526, 528, and/or 530. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 502, 504, 506, 508, 510, 512, 514, 516, 518, 520, 522, 524, 526, 528, and/or 530, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 532, 534, 536, 538, 540, 542, 544, 546, 548, 550, 552, 554, 556, 558, and/or 560, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 563, 565, 567, 569, 571, 573, and/or 575, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 562, 564, 566, 568, 570, 572, and/or 574. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 562, 564, 566, 568, 570, 572, and/or 574, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 577, 579, 581, 583, 585, 587, and/or 589, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 576, 578, 580, 582, 584, 586, and/or 588. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 576, 578, 580, 582, 584, 586, and/or 588, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 591, 593, 595, 597, 599, 601, 603, 605, and/or 607, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 590, 592, 594, 596, 598, 600, 602, 604, and/or 608. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 590, 592, 594, 596, 598, 600, 602, 604, and/or 608, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 609, 611, 613, and/or 615, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 608, 610, 612, and/or 614. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 608, 610, 612, and/or 614, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least \75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 617, 619, 621, 623, 625, 627, 629, and/or 631, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, and/or 630. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 616, 618, 620, 622, 624, 626, 628, and/or 630, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least \75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 633, 635, 637, 639, 641, 643, and/or 645, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 632, 634, 636, 638, 640, 642, and/or 644. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 632, 634, 636, 638, 640, 642, and/or 644, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least \75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 647 and/or 649, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 646 and/or 648. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 646 and/or 648, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least \75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 651, 653, and/or 655, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some of these embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence of the recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 650, 652, and/or 654. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA molecule, vector or construct is provided comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that comprises or consists of a sequence that is at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 650, 652, and/or 654, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. According to some embodiments, the transcribable DNA sequence encodes a GA2 oxidase protein. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a vascular promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least \75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 656, 657, 658, 659, 660, 661, and/or 662, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a RTBV promoter (e.g., a promoter comprising the RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 656) or truncated RTBV (SEQ ID NO: 657) sequence) or a promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to SEQ ID NO: 656 and/or 657. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a leaf promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 663, 664, and/or 665, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter. According to some embodiments, the plant expressible promoter is a constitutive promoter comprising a sequence that is at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, at least 99.5%, or 100% identical to one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 666, 667, 668, 669, 670, 671, 672, 673, and/or 674, or a functional portion of any of the foregoing.

According to many embodiments, a modified or transgenic corn plant is provided comprising and/or transformed with a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein as provided herein. According to some embodiments, a modified or transgenic corn plant is provided that is transformed with a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the GA2 oxidase mRNA and/or protein is identical to an endogenous GA2 oxidase protein, and wherein the expression level of the GA2 oxidase mRNA and/or protein is increased in one or more plant tissue(s) of the modified or transgenic plant as compared to a wild type or control plant, such as increased in one or more vascular and/or leaf tissue(s) of the modified or transgenic plant, such as by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a wild type or control plant.

According to present embodiments, a modified or transgenic corn plant is provided comprising a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein as provided herein, wherein the level of one or more active GAs, such as GA1, GA3, GA4, and/or GA7, is reduced or lowered in one or more plant tissue(s), such as one or more stem, internode, vascular and/or leaf tissue(s) or one or more stem and/or internode tissue(s), of the modified or transgenic plant, such as by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a wild type or control plant.

According to many embodiments, a modified or transgenic plant is provided that is transformed with a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein as provided herein, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a constitutive promoter or a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter, such as a vascular promoter or a leaf promoter, and wherein the modified or transgenic plant has one or more of the following traits: a semi-dwarf or reduced plant height or stature, decreased stem internode length, increased lodging resistance, and/or increased stem or stalk diameter. Such a modified or transgenic plant may not have any significant reproductive off-types. A modified or transgenic plant may have one or more of the following additional traits: reduced green snap, deeper roots, increased leaf area, earlier canopy closure, higher stomatal conductance, lower ear height, increased foliar water content, improved drought tolerance, increased nitrogen use efficiency, increased water use efficiency, reduced anthocyanin content and anthocyanin area in leaves under normal and/or nitrogen or water limiting stress conditions, increased ear weight, increased kernel number, increased kernel weight, increased yield, and/or increased harvest index. According to many embodiments, the level of one or more active GAs, such as GA1, GA3, GA4, and/or GA7, is/are reduced or lowered in one or more plant tissue(s), such as one or more stem, internode, vascular and/or leaf tissue(s), or one or more stem and/or internode tissue(s), of the modified or transgenic plant, such as by at least 5%, at least 10%, at least 20%, at least 25%, at least 30%, at least 40%, at least 50%, at least 60%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 90%, or 100%, as compared to a wild type or control plant.

A recombinant DNA molecule, construct or vector of the present disclosure may comprise a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase as provided herein, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operatively linked to a plant-expressible promoter, such as a constitutive or vascular and/or leaf promoter. In addition to its associated promoter, a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase may also be operatively linked to one or more additional regulatory element(s), such as an enhancer(s), leader, transcription start site (TSS), linker, 5′ and 3′ untranslated region(s) (UTRs), intron(s), polyadenylation signal, termination region or sequence, etc., that are suitable, necessary or preferred for strengthening, regulating or allowing expression of the transcribable DNA sequence in a corn plant cell. Such additional regulatory element(s) may be optional and/or used to enhance or optimize expression of the transgene or transcribable DNA sequence. As provided herein, an “enhancer” may be distinguished from a “promoter” in that an enhancer typically lacks a transcription start site, TATA box, or equivalent sequence and is thus insufficient alone to drive transcription. As used herein, a “leader” may be defined generally as the DNA sequence of the 5′-UTR of a gene (or transgene) between the transcription start site (TSS) and 5′ end of the transcribable DNA sequence or protein coding sequence start site of the transgene.

Transgenic plants expressing a GA2 oxidase transgene may have an earlier canopy closure (e.g., approximately one day earlier, or 12-48 hours, 12-36 hours, 18-36 hours, or about 24 hours earlier canopy closure) than a wild type or control plant. Although transgenic plants expressing a GA2 oxidase transgene may have a lower ear height than a wild type or control plant, the height of the ear may generally be at least 18 inches above the ground. Transgenic plants expressing a GA2 oxidase may have greater biomass and/or leaf area during one or more late vegetative stages (e.g., V8-V12) than a wild type or control plant. Transgenic plants expressing a GA2 oxidase may have deeper roots during later vegetative stages when grown in the field, than a wild type or control plant, which may be due to an increased root front velocity. These transgenic plants may reach a depth 90 cm below ground sooner (e.g., 5-25 days sooner, 5-20 days sooner, 5-15 days sooner, 10-25 days sooner, or 15-25 days sooner, or about 5, 10, 15, 20 Or 25 days sooner) than a wild type or control plant, which may occur by or prior to the vegetative to reproductive transition of the plant (e.g., by V16/R1 at about 50 days after planting as opposed to about 70 days after planting for control plants).

According to some embodiments, a recombinant DNA construct or vector may comprise two or more expression elements or cassettes that may be stacked together in a construct or vector either in tandem in a single expression cassette or separately in two or more expression cassettes. A recombinant DNA construct or vector may comprise either a single expression cassette comprising a transcribable DNA sequence that encodes a GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein or two or more expression cassettes comprising two or more transcribable DNA sequences that encode two or more GA2 oxidase mRNAs and proteins, including at least a first GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein and a second GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein, wherein the two or more transcribable DNA sequences, GA2 oxidase mRNAs and/or GA2 oxidase proteins are the same or different, and wherein each transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to a plant-expressible promoter. The plant-expressible promoter may be a constitutive promoter, or a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter, as provided herein. If two or more transcribable DNA sequences are present in a recombinant DNA construct or vector or a modified or transgenic plant, plant part, cell, or explant, each transcribable DNA sequence may be operably linked to the same or different plant-expressible promoters.

According to other embodiments, a recombinant DNA construct or vector may comprise two or more expression cassettes including a first expression cassette and a second expression cassette, wherein the first expression cassette comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence operably linked to a first plant-expressible promoter, and the second expression cassette comprises a second transcribable DNA sequence operably linked to a second plant-expressible promoter, wherein the first transcribable DNA sequence encodes a first GA2 oxidase and the second transcribable DNA sequence encodes a second GA2 oxidase. The first and second plant-expressible promoters may each be a constitutive promoter, or a tissue-specific or tissue-preferred promoter, as provided herein, and the first and second plant-expressible promoters may be the same or different promoters.

According to other embodiments, two or more constructs, expression cassettes or transgenes encoding one or more GA2 oxidase proteins may be combined in a modified plant by crossing two or more plants together in one or more generations to produce a modified plant having a desired combination of the constructs, expression cassettes or transgenes. According to these embodiments, a first modified plant comprising a first construct, expression cassette or transgene encoding a first GA2 oxidase protein may be crossed to a second modified plant comprising a second construct, expression cassette or transgene encoding a second GA2 oxidase protein, such that a modified progeny plant may be made comprising the first construct, expression cassette or transgene and the second construct, expression cassette or transgene. Alternatively, a modified plant comprising two or more constructs, expression cassettes or transgenes encoding two or more GA2 oxidase proteins may be made by (i) co-transforming a first construct, expression cassette or transgene and a second construct, expression cassette or transgene (each encoding a GA2 oxidase protein) in the same or different transformation molecules or vectors, (ii) transforming a modified plant with a second construct, expression cassette or transgene in a transformation molecule or vector, wherein the modified plant already comprises a first construct, expression cassette or transgene, or (iii) transforming a plant with a first construct, expression cassette or transgene in a first transformation molecule or vector, and then transforming the plant with a second construct, expression cassette or transgene in a second transformation molecule or vector.

According to embodiments of the present disclosure, modified plants are provided comprising two or more constructs comprising GA2 oxidase transgene(s) including a first recombinant DNA construct and a second recombinant DNA construct, wherein the first recombinant DNA construct comprises a first transcribable DNA sequence encoding a first GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein, and the second recombinant DNA construct comprises a second transcribable DNA sequence encoding a second GA2 oxidase mRNA and protein. The first and second recombinant DNA constructs may be stacked in a single vector and transformed into a plant as a single event, or present in separate vectors or constructs that may be transformed as separate events. According to some embodiments, the first and second GA2 oxidase transgenes may be the same or different GA oxidase gene(s).

In an aspect, at least 10% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 20% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 30% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 40% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 50% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 60% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 70% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 80% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, at least 90% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter.

In an aspect, between 1% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 10% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 20% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 30% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 40% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 50% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 60% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 70% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 80% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter. In an aspect, between 90% and 100% of the corn plants in a field comprise a recombinant DNA construct comprising a transcribable DNA sequence encoding a GA2 oxidase protein and a plant-expressible promoter, wherein the transcribable DNA sequence is operably linked to the plant-expressible promoter.

In an aspect, a modified corn plant or seed provided herein can be screened to ascertain or confirm the zygosity of a mutant allele or transgene. Screening and selection of modified, engineered, or transgenic plants or plant cells can be through any methodologies known to those having ordinary skill in the art. Examples of screening and selection methodologies include, but are not limited to, Southern analysis, PCR amplification for detection of a polynucleotide, Northern blots, RNase protection, primer-extension, RT-PCR amplification for detecting RNA transcripts, Sanger sequencing, Next Generation sequencing technologies (e.g., Illumina, PacBio, Ion Torrent, 454) enzymatic assays for detecting enzyme or ribozyme activity of polypeptides and polynucleotides, and protein gel electrophoresis, Western blots, immunoprecipitation, and enzyme-linked immunoassays to detect polypeptides. Other techniques such as in situ hybridization, enzyme staining, and immunostaining also can be used to detect the presence or expression of polypeptides and/or polynucleotides. Methods for performing all of the referenced techniques are known.

Without being limiting, this disclosure provides several methods related to applying compositions to corn fields prior to harvesting.

In an aspect, this disclosure provides a method of providing an agricultural composition to a corn field comprising applying said agricultural composition on said corn field from above using a ground-based agricultural vehicle comprising an applicator for applying said agricultural composition, wherein the corn plants of said corn field comprise an average height of less than or equal to 2.2 meters, and wherein at least 50% of said corn plants are at V12 stage or later, and wherein at least one of said corn plants comprises a mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the mutant allele comprises a DNA segment inserted into the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus, wherein the DNA segment encodes an antisense RNA sequence that is at least 70% complementary to at least 20 consecutive nucleotides of one or more of SEQ ID NOs: 182-184 and 186-188, and wherein the mutant allele of the endogenous GA20 oxidase_3 locus produces a RNA transcript comprising the antisense RNA sequence.