Patent Grant
11107574
In many medical facilities, medication orders are provided to a pharmacy for preparation of doses corresponding to the medication orders for administration to a patient. In this regard, orders must be entered, received by the pharmacy, validated, and prepared according to manufacturer's specifications or established institutional guidelines. The preparation process involves the selection and, where required, preparation of drug products for administration to patients in compliance with the validated order. Once filled, the resulting drug products (i.e., doses) must be delivered to the patient that requires them. One environment, by way of example, in which such processes occur is a hospital.
There are points in the foregoing process that may be susceptible to the loss or corruption of information due to miscommunication or other errors. This can be problematic in terms of logging and auditing of medication doses, which may be required by insurance and regulatory requirements. In turn, systems for management of pharmacy work flow have been proposed. For example, U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/975,519 entitled “MANAGEMENT OF MEDICATION DOSE ORDERS” filed on Apr. 4, 2014, which is co-owned with the present application and incorporated by reference herein in the entirety, discloses certain embodiments of a pharmacy workflow management application. Accordingly, at least partially automated pharmacy workflow management applications have been devised to assist in management of the receipt, processing, organization, preparation, verification, and tracking of medication dose orders in the pharmacy or the like. However, further developments would be beneficial to assist in improvements to the pharmacy workflow management application to promote efficiency, reliability, and accuracy related to the preparation and management of medication dose orders.
In view of the foregoing, the present disclosure is generally related to various embodiments of pharmacy workflow management applications. In certain embodiments of the pharmacy workflow management application described herein, improvements in the management of a formulary are presented. Additionally, the present disclosure includes embodiments that relate to improvements in user interface elements of a pharmacy workspace management tool. Further still, enhancements to the tracking of dose orders using the pharmacy workflow management application are also discussed. Further still, enhancements to a situation board for high-level overview displays in relation to current pharmacy work load and other pharmacy activities are discussed. Additionally, improvements with respect to secure communications at a facility and improvements in relation to workstation application updates are also discussed. Further still, improvements to the local installation of an updated software free from administrator-level credentials are also discussed.
The present disclosure generally includes discussion related to the configuration of a user interface in relation to a user profile in order to provide for a customized display of one or more records to a user with which the user profile is associated. In this regard, the user may provide user authentication information. This user authentication information may be particular to a given user. In turn, upon receipt of the user authentication information, the application may associate a user profile with a given user accessing the application. Various user interface elements presented to the user may be customized based upon the associated user profile. In particular, the user profile may allow for default configurations of user interface elements and/or configuration of user interface elements according to the last accessed configuration which is stored with user profile.
In this regard, a customized user interface associated with the user profile may be used to display records to a user. As may be appreciated, the records displayed to the user using the user interface may be retrieved from a database at the system executing the pharmacy workflow management application. In turn, the database records may relate to a number of various types of records maintained at the local system. In one specific example, the records may be formulary records related to a formulary database maintained at the local system at which the pharmacy workflow management application executes. In yet another specific example, the records may correspond to dose order records stored at the local system at which the pharmacy workflow management application executes. In either regard, upon display of the records to the user, the display may at least partially be based on the user profile of the user accessing the records.
In connection with the foregoing, the formulary may comprise a plurality of records stored in a database. In this regard, the formulary records may be related to (e.g., categorized according to) administration routes, drug categories, drugs, materials, product groups, and/or products that may be utilized by the pharmacy in the preparation of doses. The formulary records may be used during the preparation process by a pharmacy technician and/or the pharmacy workflow management application to assist in the preparation of a dose, the management of dose order records, or other activities related to the pharmacy workflow management application.
In additional embodiments described herein, improvements in relation to a pharmacy workspace queue for use in a pharmacy workflow management application are also discussed. The present disclosure also includes various aspects to facilitate administration of the pharmacy workflow, including tracking dose order status through triggered scan events, monitoring pending dose orders on a customizable situation board, encrypting web traffic associated with the workflow, and facilitating the local installation of updated software versions free from administrator-level credentials.
In this regard, a first aspect of the present disclosure includes a method for formulary management in a pharmacy workflow management application. The method includes receiving, at a processor that executes the pharmacy workflow management application, user authentication information corresponding to a given user of the system. The method further includes associating, by the processor, the user authentication information with a user profile for the given user. The method further includes accessing a plurality of formulary data records stored in a database accessible by the processor in response to a request for the plurality of formulary data records by the given user. The method further includes displaying, using the processor, the plurality of formulary data records to the given user at a user interface, wherein the user interface is configured at least partially based on the user profile for the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the first aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the first aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the user interface may include a plurality of pages. Each of the plurality of pages may be associated with a formulary management function. A search area may be provided that is operable to receive a user input. The user interface may also include a data table corresponding to the plurality of formulary data records. The method may further include identifying, by the processor, associations between the user input of the search area and the plurality of formulary data records of the data table. The method may further include displaying, at the user interface, a filtered table result at least partially based on the associations.
Moreover, the formulary data records may belong to at least one of a class of formulary data records, such that the class of formulary data records is selected from the group consisting of: administration routes, drug categories, drugs, materials, product groups, and products. As such, the foregoing formulary management function may be selected from the group consisting of: management of administration routes, management of drug categories, management of drugs, management of materials, management of product groups, and management of products. In this regard different categories of formulary records may be managed. For instance, the management functions provided may depend upon the category of formulary record displayed.
In an embodiment, the user interface may also include a plurality of maintenance operations buttons displayable within each of the plurality of pages such that the plurality of maintenance operations buttons remains visible while each of the plurality of pages is scrolled. The management buttons presented may depend upon the type of formulary record displayed. In this regard, the user interface presented to the user may facilitate efficient management of different types of formulary records belonging to different corresponding categories.
In an embodiment, the plurality of pages may also include a plurality of collapsible areas configured to hide information when collapsed. Notably, the configuration of the plurality of collapsible areas may be associated with the user profile. The collapsible area may include data attributes of the formulary data records (e.g., the data attributes of a selected one of the formulary records) such that the data attributes of the formulary data records are modifiable in the collapsible area. Upon associating the user authentication information with a user profile the given user, the plurality of collapsible areas may be arranged in accordance with the user profile during the displaying. Moreover, each of the plurality of collapsible areas may include a help icon, accessible by the user and operable to display context-specific help information associated with the data attributes of the formulary record of each of the plurality of collapsible areas.
In an embodiment, the plurality of formulary data records may be associable with a data table of the user interface. Consequently, the method may include modifying the data table of the user interface. The method may also include associating the modified data table with the user profile. The method may also include presenting the modified data table to the user during a subsequent user interface session. During the foregoing modification of the data table the quantity of data attributes display in the data table may be changed or otherwise altered. Furthermore, the plurality of data attributes may be displayable in distinct columns of the data table. As such, during the data table modification the width of the distinct columns of the data table may be resized.
The at least one of the plurality of formulary data records may also include at least one data attribute defined by one or more selected values from a list comprising a plurality of values. Each of the plurality of values may be alterable within the list without deleting the value or adding a new value. The list may also include a query box operable to receive a user input. From this user input, the processor may identify, from the plurality of values, associations between the user input of the query box and the plurality of values of the list and display a filtered list result at least partially based on the identified associations.
In an embodiment, the displaying may include displaying the numerical values of the plurality of formulary data records according to Institute for Safe Medical Practice (ISMP) standard format. As such, the method may include modifying a given user input to conform to the ISMP standard format. In this regard, uniformity may be achieved such that errors based on misread, misunderstood, or incorrectly transcribed values.
Furthermore, in an embodiment of the formulary management in a pharmacy workflow management application, each of the plurality of formulary data records may comprise a plurality of characteristics of existing formulary data. In this regard, the method may include modifying at least one of the characteristics of at least one of the plurality of formulary data records, at the user interface, without deleting the at least one of the plurality of formulary data records or adding a new formulary data record to the plurality of formulary data records. The method may also include presenting the modified at least one of the plurality of formulary data records to the user during a subsequent session.
A second aspect includes a method for managing a pharmacy workspace queue in a pharmacy workflow management application. The method includes receiving, at a processor that executes the pharmacy workflow management application, user authentication information corresponding to a given user of the system. The method further includes associating, by the processor, the user authentication information with a user profile for the given user. The method further includes accessing a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received by the pharmacy workflow management application in response to a request for the plurality of dose order records by the given user. The method further includes displaying the plurality of dose order records to the given user at a user interface of the pharmacy workflow management application. Accordingly, the user interface is configured at least partially based on the user profile for the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the second aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the second aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the plurality of dose order records may include at least a first dose order record corresponding to a first dose order that has not been prepared and at least a second dose order record corresponding to a second dose order that has been prepared and has not yet been verified by a pharmacist. Furthermore, the user interface may include a plurality of pages such that each of the plurality of pages is associated with a pharmacist workspace queue management function. The pharmacist workspace queue management function may be selected from the group of management functions, which consist of: managing dose order on wait/hold status, managing dose order on inline dose, managing dose order on STAT dose, managing dose order on final/STAT dose, and managing dose order being verified.
In an embodiment, the user interface may include a plurality of collapsible areas such that the collapsible areas include a plurality of data attributes of at least one of the plurality of dose order records and are associated with at least one of plurality of informational groups. The data attributes may be arranged with at least one of the plurality of collapsible areas at least partially based on an association between the data attributes and at least one of the plurality of informational groups. Furthermore, the plurality of informational groups may be selected from the group consisting of: dose information, patient information, clinical information, formulary information, and documentation information. Notably, the collapsible areas may be configured to hide information when collapsed, and the configuration of the plurality of collapsible areas may be associated with the user profile. Accordingly, the plurality of collapsible areas may be arranged in accordance with the user profile, such that the arranged configuration is displayed in the method.
In an embodiment, the pharmacy workflow management application includes various features pertaining the standard presentation of data, such as the plurality of dose order records. In this regard, the plurality of dose order records may be configured according to ISMP standard format. Furthermore, the method may include displaying a print view of at least one of the plurality of dose order records. In this regard, the print view may include detailed dose information and product information.
In an embodiment, the method may further comprise modifying at least one of the plurality of dose order records at the user interface. Specifically, an external document may be dragged to the user interface (e.g., to a document input page of the user interface) such that the external document is associated with at least one of the plurality of dose order records. The plurality of dose order records may include a plurality of external document attachments such that the displaying includes displaying the external document attachments for at least one of the plurality of dose order records. The attached document may comprise a number of file types such as word processing documents, spreadsheet documents, image files, portable document format (PDF) files, or the like.
In another embodiment, the plurality of dose order records may be associable with a data table of the user interface such that the plurality of dose order records includes a plurality of characteristics. In this regard, the method may also include modifying at least one of the plurality of characteristics of at least one of the dose order records. Furthermore, the data table may be configurable to display, for each of the plurality of dose order records, at least one of dose history, product history, or scan event data. Accordingly, each of the plurality of dose order records may be stored in corresponding relation to one or more dose order record data fields populated with dose order metadata regarding each dose order record. The at least one dose order record data field may correspond to a dose order status indication of the at least one dose order record in relation to a dose preparation step of the at least one dose order record such that the scan event data is at least partially based on the dose order status metadata.
A third aspect includes a method for management of dose order records. The method may include storing a plurality of dose order records in a database of a dose order management server such that each dose order record is stored in corresponding relation to one or more dose order record data fields populated with dose order metadata regarding each dose order record. Furthermore, the at least one dose order record data field for a given dose order record may correspond to a dose order status indicative of a status of the given dose order record relative to a particular dose preparation step in a dose preparation protocol for the at least one dose order record. The method further includes identifying a first dose order record. The method further includes modifying the dose order status for the given dose order from a first value to a second value at least partially in response to an input received from a user in connection with the dose preparation step. Notably, the dose preparation step is associated with an independent pharmacy workflow of the dose preparation protocol to prepare a dose corresponding to the at least one dose order record.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the third aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the third aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the independent pharmacy workflow operation may relate to preparation of a dose corresponding to the given dose order record free from modifying the dose order status value. The second dose order status may include a plurality of values associated with various indications of dose order status.
By way of illustration, numerous examples of the plurality of value of the second dose order status are described. For instance, the second dose order status value may include a preparation cancelled status such that the preparation cancelled status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is, after being selected for preparation, returned to a queue of dose order records to be prepared. The second dose order status value may include a dose removed from wait/hold status such that the dose removed from wait/hold status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is moved from a wait/hold queue. The second dose order status value may include a dose at inline verification status such that the dose at inline verification status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is transmitted for remote inline verification in manner where the user input relates to scanning an intermediate product used in the preparation of the dose. The second dose order status value may include a dose reused status such that the dose reused status indicates the dose of the given dose order record is reused in another of the one or more dose orders in a manner where the user input includes an association of the dose to the another of one or more dose orders.
By way of continued illustration, the second dose order status value may include a dose kitted status such that the dose kitted status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is added to a kit in a manner where the user input includes a scan to associate the dose corresponding to the given kit. The second dose order status value may include a dose at compounder status such that the dose at compounder status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is printed for compounding. The second dose order status value may include a dose bypassed status such that the dose bypassed status indicates the one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is printed for preparation outside of the system. The second dose order status value may include a dose prep started status such that the dose prep started status indicates one or more dose orders of the first dose order record has begun a dose preparation process. In this regard, the status change may be accomplished in manner in which the user input includes a scan of a label corresponding to the given dose order to retrieve a dose preparation protocol for the given dose order record.
By way of additional illustration, the second dose order status value may include a dose sent for rework status such that the dose sent for rework status indicates one or more dose orders of the first dose order record is returned to a dose order queue for rework. The second dose order status value may include a dose lost status such that the dose lost status indicates the one or more dose orders of the dose order record is lost. The second dose order status value may include a dose rejected status such that the dose rejected status indicates the one or more dose orders of the dose order record is rejected. The second dose order status value may include a dose added to wait/hold status such that the dose added to wait/hold status indicates one or more dose orders of the dose order record is added to a wait/hold queue. The second dose order status value may include a dose removed from kit status such that the dose removed from kit status indicates one or more dose orders of the dose order record is removed from a kit. This may be accomplished in a manner where the user input includes a scan confirming receipt of the kit. The second dose order status value may include a dose discontinued status such that the dose discontinued status indicates one or more dose orders of the dose order is discontinued.
Furthermore, in an embodiment, the plurality of dose order records may be associable with a data table of the user interface such that the data table is configurable to display the scan event of the given dose order record. Further still, the first and/or second status associated with a scan event may be established using the user interface. In this regard, the nature of the scan even (e.g., the trigger of a change in status, the status from which the order is changed, and the status to which the order is changed) may be configured by a user.
A fourth aspect includes a method for use in communicating information pertaining to a pharmacy workspace queue in a pharmacy workflow management application. The method includes receiving, at a processor executing the pharmacy workflow management application, user authentication information corresponding to a given user of the system. The method further includes associating, by the processor, the user authentication information with a user profile for the given user. The method further includes accessing a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the pharmacy workflow management application in response to a request for the plurality of dose order records by the given user. The method also includes displaying the plurality of dose order records to the given user at a user interface of the server such that the first dose order record and the second dose order record each appear in at least one distinct module of a common dashboard. The dashboard may include a plurality of the modules and be configurable to communicate the status of at least one of the plurality of dose orders in the pharmacy workspace queue to a user such that the configuration is at least partially based on the user profile for the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the fourth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the fourth aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the plurality of dose order records may include at least a first dose order record corresponding to a first dose order that has not been prepared and at least a second dose order record corresponding to second dose order that has been prepared and has not yet be verified by a pharmacist. Moreover, the configuration of the foregoing dashboard may be at least partially based on a cascading style sheet declaration contained within a single file.
Furthermore, in an embodiment, the configuration of the modules may be associated with a module profile, such that the user profile may be associated with a module profile. In this regard, the plurality of modules may be displayed in accordance with the module profile. Additionally, the module profile may include alphanumerical customization preferences such that the alphanumerical customization preferences include at least a color preference, a font preference, a size preference, or a text effects preference.
In an embodiment, the method may further include sorting the plurality of dose orders of the at least one module at least partially based on a sorting criterion. The sorting criterion may include, for example, at least one of a dose priority, a patient name, an expiration data, or an expiration time. The sorting of the method may also include sorting the plurality of dose orders of the at least one module at least partially based on sorting criteria in ascending or descending order.
In a further embodiment, each of the plurality of dose order records may be associated with a durational indicator that indicates the length of time elapsed since a milestone event. In this regard, a milestone event may represent a change of status of at least one of the plurality of dose order records. Accordingly, the change of status corresponds to identifying modified dose order metadata regarding at least one of the plurality of dose order records such that the modified dose order metadata is modified with respect to corresponding portions of dose order metadata at least partially obtained in response to an input received from the user.
A fifth aspect includes a method for secure local network access of a pharmacy workflow management application. The method includes establishing an operative communication link between a terminal and the pharmacy workflow management application that stores a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the pharmacy workflow management application. The terminal may be disposed within at least one network of a local area network. The method further includes cryptographically manipulating data routed through the operative communication link such that the operative communication link provides a secure data connection between the terminal and the server. The method further includes accessing the server using the terminal to retrieve a plurality of dose order records from the pharmacy workflow management application. The method further includes displaying the plurality of dose order records to a user at the terminal.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the fifth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the fifth aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the plurality of dose order records include at least a first dose order record corresponding to a first dose order that has not been prepared and at least a second dose order record corresponding to a second dose order that has been prepared and has not been verified by a pharmacist. The cryptographic manipulation of the method may further include translating the data routed through the operative communication link into an illegible format between the terminal and the pharmacy workflow management application. In this regard, the secure connection is operable to prevent third party interference of the data routed through the operative communication link. Notably, for example, the interference may include eavesdropping and tampering, which may at least in part be reduced using the cryptographic manipulation of the data communicated.
In other embodiments, the secure connection is provided via a secure socket layer cryptographic protocol. In this regard, the secure socket layer cryptographic protocol may translate the data into a legible format at each of the terminal and the server at least partially based on a signed digital certificate associated with an authenticated user.
A sixth aspect includes a method for use in upgrading a terminal of a local network system for management of medication dose orders. The method includes storing a workstation version in a database of a pharmacy workflow management application that stores a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the pharmacy workflow management application. The method further includes, identifying a workstation version of a terminal disposed within at least one network of a common enterprise network. The method further includes, establishing an operative communication link between the terminal and the pharmacy workflow management application. The method further includes, comparing the workstation version of the terminal with the workstation version stored in the database. The method further includes, determining whether the workstation version stored in the database supersedes the workstation version of the terminal. The method further includes, presenting to a user an option to download the workstation version stored in the database on to the terminal.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the sixth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the sixth aspect.
For example, in an embodiment, the method may further include downloading, in response to the user selected option, the workstation version stored in the database on to the terminal. In this regard, the workstation version stored in the database may be downloaded on to the terminal by the user. Notably, the user need not be an administrative user with credentials to upgrade the pharmacy workflow management application. Additionally, the method may further include downloading the workstation version stored in the database on to the terminal without hardware drivers or crystal reports.
A seventh aspect includes a system for formulary management in a pharmacy workflow management application. The system includes an access terminal remote from and in operative communication with the pharmacy workflow management application. The pharmacy workflow management application may therefore be operable to access a plurality of formulary data records stored in a database of the pharmacy workflow management application in response to a request for the plurality of formulary data records by a given user. The system further includes a user interface provided at the access terminal for displaying the plurality of formulary data records stored in the database. Furthermore, the pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to receive, at a processor of the pharmacy workflow management application, user authentication information corresponding to the given user of the system. Consequently, the pharmacy workflow management application is operable to associate, at the processor, the user authentication information with a profile for the given user such that the user interface is configured at least partially based on the user profile for the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the seventh aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the seventh aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the first aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
An eight aspect includes a system for pharmacy workspace queue management in a pharmacy workflow management application. The system includes an access terminal remote from and in operative communication with a pharmacy workflow management such that the pharmacy workflow management may be operable to access a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the server in response to a request for the plurality of dose order records by a given user. The system further includes a user interface provided at the access terminal for displaying the plurality of dose order records to the given user at a user interface of the server. Furthermore, the server is operable to receive, at a processor of the pharmacy workflow management, user authentication information corresponding to the given user of the system. Consequently, the pharmacy workflow management is operable to associate, at the processor, the user authentication information with a profile for the given user such that the user interface is configured at least partially based on the user profile of the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the eighth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the eighth aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the second aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
A ninth aspect includes a system for the management of dose order records. The system includes an access terminal remote from and in operative communication with a dose management server. The dose management server may be operable to store a plurality of dose order records in a database of the dose order management server. Specifically, each dose order record is stored in corresponding relation to one or more dose order record data fields populated with dose order metadata regarding each dose order record such that at least one dose order record data field for a given dose order record corresponds to a dose order status indicative of a status of the given dose order record relative to a particular dose preparation step in a dose preparation protocol for the at least one dose order record. The system further includes a user interface provided at the remote access terminal. Furthermore, the dose management server may be operable to identify a first dose order record. Additionally, the dose management server may also be operable to modify the dose order status for the given order from a first value to a second value at least partially in response to an input received from a user in connection with the dose preparation step such that the dose preparation step is associated with an independent pharmacy workflow of the dose preparation protocol to prepare a dose corresponding to the at least one dose order record.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the ninth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the ninth aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the third aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
A tenth aspect includes, a system for use in communicating information pertaining to a pharmacy workspace queue in a pharmacy workflow management application. The system includes an access terminal remote from an in operative communication with a pharmacy workflow management application. The pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to access a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the server in response to a request for the plurality of dose order records by a given user. The system further includes a user interface provided at the remote access terminal for displaying the plurality of dose order records to the given user at the user interface such that the first dose order record and the second dose order record each appear in at least one distinct module of a common dashboard. Furthermore, the dashboard may include a plurality of the modules, which are configurable to communicate the status of at least one of the plurality of dose orders in the pharmacy workspace queue to the user such that the configuration is at least partially based on the user profile for the given user. Additionally, the server may be operable to receive, at a processor of the pharmacy workflow management application, user authentication information corresponding to the given user of the system such that the pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to associate, at the processor, the user authentication information with a profile for the given user. Accordingly, the user interface is configured at least partially based on the user profile for the given user.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the tenth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the tenth aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the fourth aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
An eleventh aspect includes a system for securing local network access of a pharmacy workflow management application. The system includes an access terminal remote from and in operative communication with a pharmacy workflow management application, over an operative communication link. In particular, the pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to store a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the pharmacy workflow management application. The terminal may be disposed within at least one network of a local areas network. The server may be operable to cryptographically manipulate data routed through the operative communication link such that the operative communication link provides a secure data connection between the terminal and the server. The system further includes a user interface provided at the remote access terminal for displaying the plurality of dose order records at the remote access terminal.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the eleventh aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the eleventh aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the fifth aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
A twelfth aspect includes a system for use in upgrading a terminal of a local network system for management of medication dose orders. The system includes an access terminal remote from and in operative communication with a pharmacy workflow management application, over an operative communication link. The pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to store a workstation version in a database of the pharmacy workflow management application that stores a plurality of dose order records corresponding to dose orders received at the pharmacy workflow management application. Moreover, the pharmacy workflow management application may also be operable to identify a workstation version of the remote access terminal, which may be disposed within at least one network of a common enterprise network. Notably, the pharmacy workflow management application may be operable to compare the workstation version of the remote access terminal with the workstation version stored in the database, such that the pharmacy workflow management application is operable to determine whether the workstation version stored in the database supersedes the workstation version of the remote access terminal. The system further includes a user interface provided at the remote access terminal for presenting to a user an option to download the workstation version stored in the database to the terminal.
A number of feature refinements and additional features are applicable to the twelfth aspect. These feature refinements and additional features may be used individually or in any combination. As such, each of the following features that will be discussed may be, but are not required to be, used with any other feature combination of features of the twelfth aspect. For instance, any of the features discussed with any of the foregoing aspects, and in particular the sixth aspect, may be used in conjunction with the seventh aspect without limitation.
The following description is not intended to limit the invention to the forms disclosed herein. Consequently, variations and modifications commensurate with the following teachings, skill and knowledge of the relevant art, are within the scope of the present invention. The embodiments described herein are further intended to explain modes known of practicing the invention and to enable others skilled in the art to utilize the invention in such, or other embodiments and with various modifications required by the particular applications(s) or use(s) of the present invention.
The present disclosure contemplates a pharmacy workflow management application that may facilitate pharmacy workflow management in relation to preparation of one or more doses at a pharmacy, hospital, or other facility at which doses are prepared for administration to a patient. The pharmacy workflow management application may be executed at a local system (also referred to herein as a local node). The local node may correspond to a facility such as a hospital, pharmacy, or other facility capable of preparing a dose for administration to a patient. Pharmacy workflow management provided by the pharmacy workflow management application may include one or more activities within a pharmacy that may include management of a locally stored formulary, processing received medication dose orders at a pharmacy, creating corresponding dose order records for each received dose order, managing (e.g., viewing, sorting, prioritizing, etc.) dose order records, guiding a pharmacy technician in preparing the dose order medication, gathering information regarding the preparation of a dose to fulfill a dose order, reviewing the medication dose order, and/or tracking of medication dose order records in the pharmacy.
The local node may comprise one or more devices that may include hardware and/or software that may execute machine readable instructions stored as machine readable non-transitory data in a memory. The machine readable instructions, when executed by a processor may provide functionality related to the pharmacy workflow management application discussed herein. In this regard, the pharmacy workflow management application may include one or more processors operative to access machine-readable data stored in a storage medium (i.e., a memory) that provide instructions to the one or more processors for execution to provide the functionality described herein.
The local node executing the pharmacy workflow management application may be in operative communication with a central server. The central server may provide support services to the local node to support the pharmacy workflow management application and/or may provide additional services such as data backup, report generation, or access to data sets stored at the central server.
The present disclosure includes a description of an embodiment of dose order processing that may be performed by the pharmacy workflow management application. This dose order processing may include receiving dose orders and generating dose order records that are in turn stored by the application. Also described herein are embodiments that provide functionality related to the management of the dose order records within the pharmacy. The management functionality of the pharmacy workflow management application may include, but is not limited to, viewing, sorting, modifying, prioritizing, organizing, or otherwise managing dose order records. The pharmacy workflow management application may also distribute, provide, or assign dose order records to workstations for preparation of a dose (i.e., a physical dose form capable of being administered to a patient) that corresponds to a dose order record. The pharmacy workflow management application may provide a protocol in relation to a dose order record to assist a user in preparing a dose associated with a dose order record. During the preparation, dose order metadata regarding the dose prepared in connection with the dose order record may be recorded or acquired. In connection with the preparation of the dose, embodiments of functionality related to remote pharmacy verification are also described. Furthermore, features related to the ability to utilize the application to track dose orders in the pharmacy (e.g., with respect to physical location and/or processing status in or other relevant status indications) are described.
With initial reference to
Each local system 110 may be a healthcare facility such as a hospital, pharmacy, outpatient clinic, or the like, that prepares doses for administration to a patient. The respective pharmacy workflow management application 114 at each local system 110 may be operative to generate and/or capture medical information that may be provided to the central server 120 by way of the wide area network 50. As will come to be appreciated from the discussion below in relation to the pharmacy workflow management application 114, the medical information may include medication dose order data that may include metadata regarding the dose order record and/or dose. The pharmacy workflow management application 114 each local system 110 may allow for the pharmacy workflow management functions described in greater detail below. In any regard, any or all data generated by the pharmacy workflow management application may be provided to the central server 120. In this regard, central server 120 may provide for data collection and/or data backup services in relation to the local systems 110 as well as other functions described in greater detail below.
Accordingly, in at least one embodiment the local systems 110 may comprise unaffiliated and discrete healthcare facilities capable of preparing medication doses for administration to patients. The central server 120 may be hosted by another discrete and unaffiliated third-party that may be separate from any of entities of the local systems 110. For instance, the central server 120 may be hosted and/or executed by an application provider that provides one or more client applications for execution by the local systems 110 to facilitate the pharmacy workflow management application 114. Specifically, the central server 120 may be executed or hosted by an application provider that provides the pharmacy workflow management application each local system 110.
The central server 120 may provide, among other resources, a central operations portal 122, a management report portal 124, and/or a data warehouse portal 126. Generally, the central operations portal 122 may provide, among other resources, data backup services to the pharmacy workflow management application 114 of each local system 110. The management report portal 124 may allow a user accessing this resource to generate management reports that may relate to collectives of local systems 110 or individual local systems 110. For example, one or more local systems 110 may belong to an organization such that the data corresponding to the collective local systems 110 comprising the organization may be aggregated (e.g., at the central server 120). In this regard, organizational users may be defined that are members of local systems 110 belonging to an organization such that the organizational users may be able to access data related to any of the local systems 110 belonging to the organization. The management reports may include data in relation to the medical information received from one or more local systems 110.
Furthermore, a data warehouse portal 126 may be provided that may provide an aggregated source of medical information from local systems 110 and/or other data sources. The data warehouse portal 126 may provide functionality related to data aggregation and/or data formatting that allows multiple sources of medical information to be aggregated for purposes of data analytics the like. In this regard, the data warehouse portal 126 may provide functionality resources as described in U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/019,227 entitled “MANAGED MEDICAL INFORMATION EXCHANGE” filed on Jun. 30, 2014, which is co-owned with the present application and is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety.
A local system 110 may include a local database 112 for storage of information. As may be appreciated, the local database 112 may in fact include a collection of one or more databases collectively referred to as the local database 112. In an implementation of the present invention, the local system 110 may include a server that facilitates access to the database 112. The database may store data related to the current in process work and/or store archival data related to prior work completed at the pharmacy. The local database 112 may be a high-performance, highly scalable and SQL-compliant object database. In this regard, the database may scale easily to handle thousands of simultaneous users and potentially terabytes of data.
In addition to storing information related to pharmacy work (i.e., dose order records), the database 112 may include information in a variety of contexts including information related to formulary information, administrative information, or other information related to the pharmacy workflow management application 114 at the local system 110. In any regard, the local system 110 may execute a number of services (e.g., provided by modules executed by a processor). For instance, a data backup module may be provided that provides a rule-base approach to data backup from the local system 110 to the central server 120. The data backup module may define the interval at which the local system 110 provides backup data to the central server 120 and/or may dictate what information is provided to the central server. The backup module may also provide an administrator (e.g., at the central server or the local system 110) with information relating to the success or failure of data backup operations, system slowdowns, and the like. For instance, the backup module may facilitate selective backup of the local database 112 as described in U.S. Patent Application No. 62/019,227 incorporated by reference above.
Each local system 110 may also include a formulary management module 116 that allows a pharmacy formulary to be maintained. As such, each local system 110 may have a formulary comprising a plurality formulary records stored at the local database 112. As may be appreciated, from time to time, formulary records within the formulary may need to be added, removed, or modified. In this regard, formulary management module 116 may provide a formulary management tool for use in maintaining the formulary (i.e., the formulary records comprising the formulary). The formulary records comprising the formulary may include records belonging to a number of categories of formulary records. For instance, corresponding records may be stored in relation to administration routes, drug categories, drugs, materials, product groups, and/or products. Collectively, these records may provide data to the pharmacy workflow management application 114 for use in the preparation or management of a dose order record. As discussed herein, the formulary management module 116 may provide functionality related to the management of the formulary records comprising the formulary.
With brief reference to
Additionally, the provision of user authentication information at the login screen 1302 may allow for a user profile for a given user associated with the user authentication information to be identified. In this regard, the user profile may be associated with modifiable characteristics of the user interface of the application 1300. In this regard, customizable or configurable elements of user interfaces described herein may be associated with a user profile such that the default configuration may be defined for a user profile. Additionally or alternatively, user profile may be based upon the last status of customizable or configurable characteristics of user interface. For example, as will be discussed in more detail below, a user profile may indicate the configuration of one or more collapsible areas, which may be configured to hide information (i.e., the user profile may indicate which of the collapsible areas are operable to hide information upon a given user's initial system login). Further still, other user interface elements may be dictated based on a user profile. In any regard and as will be described in greater detail below, various aspects or characteristics of the user interface of the application 1300 may be at least partially based upon a user profile associated with user authentication information provided to access the application 1300.
With further reference to
The formulary management workspace 2210 may include a number of navigational tabs 2212. The navigation tabs 2212 may generally correspond to different categories of formulary records and/or formulary management functions associated with the formulary records. In this regard, selection of one of the navigation tabs 2212 may result in the workspace 2210 displaying a record listing 2214 that contains formulary records associated with the corresponding categories of formulary records associated with the selected navigation tab 2212. Additionally, the workspace 2210 may include a record detail portion 2216.
Accordingly, as depicted in
As depicted in
Additionally, the record listing 2214 may be manipulated such that the column headings, record groupings, or other configurable table elements are modified in accordance with the discussion presented below in relation to
In this regard, various elements of the user interface comprising the workspace 2210 may be modifiable, configurable, or customizable by the user. In turn, default configuration in relation to these user interface components may be associated with the user profile. In turn, upon accessing the workspace 2210, a given user associated with the user profile may be presented a user interface having the user interface elements defined based on the user profile. Again, the user profile may have default configurations selectable by the user, or the user profile may correspond to the configuration last displayed to the user. In any regard, the user profile may span user access sessions such that a subsequent session is at least partially based on a previous session or a default configuration profile associated with the user profile.
The workspace 2210 may further include a search area 2220. Upon entry of a query into the search area 2220, the record listing 2214 may be filtered such that a filtered table result may be displayed to the user. In this regard, upon entry of a query into the search area 2220, associations between the query provided in the search area 2220 and the plurality of formulary records displayed in the record listing 2214 may be identified. In turn, the filtered table presented to the user may be at least partially based upon the associations between the query provided in the search area 2220 and the records listing 2214 such that the filtered results correspond with record listings 2214 having data matching the query. The workspace 2210 may also include a plurality of maintenance operations buttons 2215 that are displayable with each respective navigation tab 2212 such that the maintenance operations buttons remain visible while the information of each category is scrolled. The maintenance operation button 2215 may include a button to create a new record for a given category of records, a button to delete a record, a button to modify a record, a button to save a modified record, a button to cancel modifications made to a record, a button to create a new record based on a selected record, or other appropriate button to take a specific action with respect to a record.
Returning to the discussion of
With further reference to
With further reference to
For instance, in
For instance, with reference to
In
Accordingly, it may be appreciated that the formulary for a given local system 110 may be managed by way of the formulary management workspace 2210. In this regard, various formulary records corresponding to different formulary record categories may be selectively displayed, modified, added, or deleted, using the workspace 2210. In turn, upon the addition of records belonging to one or more categories such as administration routes, drug categories, drugs, materials, product groups, products, a user may access the formulary management workspace 2210 and perform the necessary modifications to the formulary records stored at the local database 112 to reflect the update to the formulary.
With further reference to
As such, the local system 110 (i.e., a pharmacy, hospital, or other facility capable of preparing doses for administration to a patient) may receive or generate dose orders. Dose orders may be received at the local system 110 in one or more different ways. By way of example, in an embodiment a doctor or other appropriate medical personnel may enter one or more dose orders directly using the pharmacy information system 320. In this regard, the pharmacy information system 320 may provide an appropriate terminal that is accessible by the appropriate medical personnel for entry of the dose order (e.g., a physician order entry “POE” system or terminal, etc.). Additionally or alternatively, appropriate medical personnel may enter dose orders at a remote access terminal 314 that may provide order data to the label processor 332 in the local system 110 by way of the wide area network 50. As may be appreciated, the remotely entered dose orders may be communicated to the label processor 332 by way of a local server 330. In this regard, the local server 330 may include web services that facilitate the communication of dose orders from the remote access terminal 314 to the label processor 332. As the remote access terminal 314 may be remote from the local system 110, one or more routers and/or firewalls be provided to assist in providing and securing the communication between the remote access terminal 314 and the local server 330. Further still, the pharmacy information system 320 may receive dose orders from and/or be a component of a larger hospital information system that may be capable of receiving and/or generating dose orders. In this regard, the hospital information system may provide information to the pharmacy information system 320 and/or directly to the label processor 332 as described in greater detail below. Any communication into or out of the local system 110 and/or any communication within the local system 110 may be secure. For example, various security protocols such as https, SSH, VPN, DES encryption, RSA encryption, or any other known security protocol to secure communication between nodes in the network.
In any regard, the pharmacy information system 320 may receive data from which information related to one or more dose orders may be extracted. That is, dose orders corresponding to requested doses for administration to a patient may received at the local system 110 and routed to the label processor 332. While present disclosure generally includes a description of label processing, label processing module may also be of any type described in commonly assigned U.S. Pat. No. 7,069,212, which is hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety.
In traditional approaches to pharmacy management, when dose orders are received at a facility, a corresponding physical label for the dose order is printed within the pharmacy. In turn, traditional workflow management in the pharmacy is relegated to management of physical labels, which may be disadvantageous in that the physical labels may be lost, the physical labels may be difficult to organize, the use of physical labels introduces additional potential for human error, and the production of physical labels may not provide reliable logging for later auditing.
In contrast, when the dose orders are processed by the label processor 332, rather than only a label for medication order being printed, data related to the order (e.g. data that have traditionally been printed on the label corresponding to the order) may be captured, processed, and parsed in the computer implemented system to create individual medical dose order records, each of which corresponds to a corresponding dose order, that are in turn stored in the local server 330. That is, rather than only printing a label for a medication order, the order may be utilized to generate a digital dose order record that is stored at the local server 330 (i.e., in the local database 112). Data used to generate the digital dose order record may be taken from the medication order data received at the local system 110. As such, a dose order record may be generated and stored at the local server 330 that corresponds to each given medication order received at the local system 110. Thus, rather than having to manage physical printed labels at the local system 110, the received medication orders may be managed digitally utilizing the local server 330 that stores the dose order records corresponding to each medication order received.
With reference now to
The medication order streams may contain a list of medication doses to prepare. Each dose order and dose may be associated with additional related data such as, for example, the patient for whom the medication is intended, by when the dose should be delivered, to where the dose should be delivered, the ordering doctor, the time and date the dose order was entered, the reason for medication, and other relevant information associated with the dose order or any other appropriate metadata described in further detail below that may be present in the mediation order stream for each dose order contained in the stream. Such information may be used when generating a dose order record to populate appropriate dose order record data fields for a dose order record that correspond to respective ones of the medication dose orders contained in the medication order streams. As will be discussed in greater detail below, additional dose order metadata may be added to the dose order record during the preparation, approval, and/or distribution of the dose order that corresponds to the dose order record. The dose order record and all related dose order metadata may be stored in the local database 112.
Data streams containing medication dose order data that are received at the local system 110 are preferably logged at step 202 by a monitoring computer. Preferably, streams are logged in the local database 112 or other computer accessible medium (e.g., at the local server 330). Logging data streams enables extensive auditing and monitoring of the pharmacy, hospital, or other facility that prepares and/or the dose. Because all data is logged, preferably in its raw form when it is first received by the pharmacy, no information is lost, corrupted, or disassociated during the processing or distribution of the medication. If necessary, an audit can be performed manually, off-line, or by a separate software program to reconstruct the data stream and all processing that should have or did occur after the pharmacy received the data stream.
Preferably, a data stream containing dose orders that is received at the local system 110 has an identifiable source. The source can be explicitly identified within the stream of data, or it can be determinable by the system. Source determination can include, for example, examining TCP/IP packet or header/footer information, examining cryptographic signatures of the stream, or data retrieved through additional network communication requesting the source. In any regard, the source may be identified at step 204.
At step 206, the system may be configured to determine whether the data stream originated from one of a set of valid sources. This can include identifying the source of the data stream and testing that it is one of the sources among those in the set. Validating the source ensures each medication dose prepared by the pharmacy workflow management application 114 is legitimate and originating from an authorized prescribing or ordering entity. Alternatively, the validation can ensure that the prescribing entity is presently entitled to have its prescriptions filled by the pharmacy. If the source is not valid, the system returns to step 200 to receive additional streams. Optionally, notifications can be sent to the source to inform it that there were validation issues or that the window for continued validation has one or more constraints (e.g., will expire in so-many days due to an overdue invoice).
After determining that the source is valid, the stream may be parsed to extract relevant information at step 210. The system can parse various message and data formats. Moreover, the parser can be extensible, such that as new formats are implemented or included within the networked environment, a parser extension can be included in the system to parse the new format. For example, if the data stream is a serial printer data stream, the system can determine the format of the data and pass the stream to the appropriate serial printer data parser. The printer data parser is configured to extract the dose order information contained within the stream and may populate dose order record data fields of a dose order record with the parsed data from the data stream corresponding to any one or more portions of dose order metadata described in more detail below. Preferably, the parser extracts all relevant data contained within the stream and maintains a record of the extracted data. The parsing methodology is preferably encapsulated in a library or set of modules that are called upon, as necessary, to parse a stream of any determined format. Each library entry or module operates as a “parser,” as that term is used herein.
As described above, the data stream may contain one or more dose orders. For example, the stream may contain a single dose request by a doctor for a single patient. Alternatively, the stream can include multiple dose orders that may be delineated by the parser into separate dose order records corresponding to each distinct dose order. That is, the parser is preferably configured to recognize and discriminate between individual dose orders within a stream. In turn, dose order records may be created and populated for each corresponding one of the individual dose orders within a stream. The discrimination of individual dose orders can be accomplished by recognizing an order delimiter, or alternatively can be defined by the format of the data stream.
In any regard, once the stream is parsed at step 210, a dose order record may be created at step 220. In turn, the dose order record may be stored at the local database 330 at step 222. In this regard, the data stream may be received 200, logged 202, and parsed 210 to create a corresponding dose order record for each dose order contained within the stream. In turn, the medication stream received at the local system 110 may be used to generate dose order records stored in a local server 330 for each medication dose order to be prepared at the local system 110.
As briefly described above, having dose order records stored digitally in the local database 330 may facilitate improved management of the dose order records in the pharmacy. In turn, the following describes some embodiments of dose order record management performed at the local server 330 to facilitate pharmacy workflow management by the pharmacy workflow management application 114. Specifically, dose order records may be easily viewed, sorted, searched, prioritized, or otherwise organized by pharmacy technicians or other personnel who have appropriate access to the local database 330. Furthermore, as data is generated in the pharmacy regarding the dose order (e.g., during the preparation, approval, or distribution of a dose), such data may be stored in relation to the medication dose order record to provide a more robust data set associated with each medication dose prepared at the pharmacy. As may be appreciated, the amount of data related to each digital dose order record may be extensive. The data related to the dose order record may be referred to as dose order metadata. In turn, dose order metadata may be stored in corresponding dose order record data fields and may describe various characteristics of the dose order, a dose corresponding to the dose order, the preparation of a dose, or other relevant characteristics related to the dose or dose order. In some embodiments, the dose order metadata may facilitate dose ordering tracking via triggered scan events, as discussed in more detail below.
For instance, examples of dose order record data fields may include, but are not limited to:
Furthermore, because the dose order records are stored digitally at the local server 330, remote access be provided to those outside of the pharmacy to view, modify, and/or otherwise manage the digital dose order records stored at the local server 330. In turn, access to the data associated with the medication dose order records may be provided to remote users to assist in the management of pharmacy resources or the like. Accordingly, as will be discussed herein, a number of approaches to pharmacy workflow management may be facilitated that utilize the medication dose order records stored in the local server 330.
With returned reference to
Additionally or alternatively, the pharmacy workflow management application may include thick client applications executing at a client that may communicate with the local server 330. The client applications may be provided at one more terminals locally at the local system 110 and/or remote from the local system 110. For instance, a client application may be provided on workstations that are equipped to prepare doses or terminals that provide access to information stored on the client server 330. The terminals executing the client application may include management terminals that may access and/or modify dose order records, review terminals that may allow a pharmacist to review doses, a situation board that displays relevant pharmacy information, or other appropriate terminals that facilitate functionality related to the pharmacy workflow management.
In the specific context of a thick client, the pharmacy workflow management application executing at the terminal may, from time to time, require updating. In traditional approaches to updating the thick client at a given terminal at the local system 110, a support user or the like with access privileges to update equipment at the local system 110 may be required to login to each terminal for upgrading of the thick client at each terminal. However, as contemplated herein, a terminal executing a thick client may allow for installations without the need for administrator privileges. Specifically, the version of the thick client at the terminal (e.g., workstation) may be compared with a current version of the thick client software stored locally at the client server 330. In this regard, the version of the thick client may be compared to the current version of the thick client software available at the client server 330. If the thick client software is out of date, a user of the thick client (e.g., without administrator rights to update the client server 330) may be presented an option to download the updated thick client version to the terminal. The updated thick client version may be downloaded to the terminal and installed thereon in response to a request by the user to do so. In turn, the updating of thick clients within the local system 110 may be streamlined in that a user with administrative privileges may simply be required to load a single updated version of the thick client software to the client server 330. In turn, upon access of the terminals executing a thick client by ordinary users (e.g., users without administrative privileges relative to the client server), the user of the client may be presented the option to update the thick client version at the terminal.
In the case of locally resident terminals, the communication between the local server 330 and the locally resident terminals may include communication over a local area network or the like. In this regard, operative communication may be established between a terminal and the local server 330 over a local area network. In an embodiment, the communication between the locally resident terminal and the local server 330 over the local area network may be cryptographically manipulated (e.g., encrypted). In this regard, communication over the local area network may provide a secure data connection between the locally resident terminal and the local server 330. Specifically, data communicated between the locally resident terminal and the local server 330 may be translated into an illegible format when communicated. This may help to prevent third-party interference with the data communicated between the locally resident terminals and the local server 330. In one example, the encryption of the data transmitted between the locally resident terminal and the local server 330 may be a secure socket layer (SSL) protocol.
In an embodiment, at least one of the terminals may be provided as a remote access terminal 314 to facilitate access to the local server 330 from outside the local system 110. Such remote access by a client may be facilitated by way of secure communications (e.g., use of secure socket layer (SSL) communication, encryption, or other means of secure communication over a network such as those described above). Accordingly, once appropriate security measures of been taken, the remote access terminal 314 may execute a client application operable to communicate with the local server 330 in a manner similar to the local instances of a client within the local system 110. That is, the remote access terminal 314 may be provided with any or all the functionality associated with any of the local client device is described herein.
Given the foregoing architecture at the local system 110 where clients may access the local server 330 to manage various features of the pharmacy workflow management application, it may be appreciated that the local system 110 may be scalable with the addition of additional terminals, each executing a thick or thin client in operative communication with local server 330. Also, the architecture allows for remote access as described above. Further still, access by a terminal may be subject to the role-based security described above. That is, because dose order records stored locally at the local database 112 and are accessed by way of the client application, the management of the dose order records may be substantially simplified. For instance, while a client application may modify dose order record, the modification to the dose order record will be reflected at the local database 112. In turn, another terminal in operative communication with a local database 112 may be configured to receive updated data from the local database 112 (e.g., in substantially real-time) such that the modification of the dose order record from the client application may be reflected throughout the terminal with access to the local server 112. This distributed model of dose order record management may provide robust capabilities, especially in the context of collaborative management dose order records.
A workstation (i.e., a terminal where doses are prepared) may include a touchscreen, one or more barcode scanners, a label printer, a camera, etc. Additional hardware that may be present at the workstation may include a scale, a reconstitution module (mixing station) and/or a security ID badge reader. The hardware at the workstation may be operative to collect information regarding the preparation of a dose that may be stored in corresponding relation to the dose order record. Furthermore, the workstation may include traditional preparation apparatus used to prepare doses such as, laminar flow hoods, biological safety cabinets, or other pharmacy equipment used in the preparation of a dose.
In any regard, the local server 330 may be in bidirectional communication with any number of workstations to allow the workstations (e.g., 500, 510, 520, etc. as shown in
In turn, with reference to
For example, at each workstation or other terminal, the dose order queue may be sorted and displayed as a dose order record listing that includes the dose orders records in any number of different ways. For example, the dose orders can be sorted and displayed by drug type and can be further sorted by dosage amount as shown in
Each dose order record listing can be displayed in a different manner to indicate information that is intended and helpful to the operators at the one or more workstations that process and fulfill the dose orders. For example, on the left column of the screen that is shown in
In addition and with returned reference to
The dose order queue may also be displayed at a remote access terminal 314. Thus, the remote access terminal 314 may be operative to display the dose order queue according to the foregoing (e.g., where dose orders may be sorted and/or filtered for display). Furthermore, an administrator with proper administrative privileges may be operable to manage the dose orders contained in the dose order queue. As may be appreciated, this management may be facilitated within a terminal within the pharmacy 310 or by way of a remote access terminal 314.
With reference to
With additional reference to
The dose order management screen 1310 may include a dose order record listing 1312 that displays appropriate ones of the dose order records of the dose order queue stored in the local server 330. The dose order record listing 1312 may be arranged such that the individual dose order records are listed and divided by columns wherein each column corresponds with a different dose order record data field. As such, each dose order record data field column may be used to sort the dose order records in the dose order record listing 1312 (e.g., based on dose order metadata for each dose order record appearing in the dose order record listing). For example, the columns shown in
The user may also utilize the dose order management screen 1310 to filter the display of the dose order record listing 1312. For example, the dose order management screen 1310 may include one or more tabs (e.g. 1314, 1316, etc.) that may be utilized to filter the dose order record listing 1312 according to status of the dose order records. For example, selection of tab 1314 by the user may filter the dose order records appearing in the dose order record listing 1312 such that dose order records with a status of “pending” may be displayed (i.e., including dose order records that have not yet been prepared). In this regard, selecting the tab 1314 may filter the dose order record listing 1312 such that dose order records but not yet been prepared may be shown. Selection of the tab 1316 may result in filtering of the dose order record listing 1312 such that dose order records are shown that have undergone preparation and are waiting verification by pharmacist. In this regard, the dose order records having a status indicating the dose orders are awaiting verification by a pharmacist may only be displayed in the dose order record listing 1312. It may be appreciated that additional tabs may be provided corresponding with different dose order statuses such as, for example, doses at initial review (i.e., doses not yet having been released for preparation), doses ready for preparation, doses awaiting in-line verification, verify doses awaiting sorting, doses awaiting rework, or any other appropriate status identifier that may be attributed to the dose order record.
The tabs 1314 or 1316 may also provide a user with a changeable graphical element that may allow for the user to be updated regarding various high-priority doses being added to the dose order record listing 1312. For example, if a STAT dose is populated into the dose order record listing 1312, a corresponding STAT dose indicator in the tab 1314 or 1316 may be updated to display the number of STAT doses currently in the dose order record listing 1312. Furthermore, the color indicator may be used to provide a quick reference to the user. For example, if a STAT dose is contained in the dose order record listing 1312, the STAT field in the tab 1314 or 1316 may be highlighted with a colored background (e.g., a red background that may be easily identifiable by the user even if not in close proximity with a display displaying the dose order management screen 1310).
The dose order management screen 1310 may also include a plurality of secondary filters 1318 that may be utilized to further filter the dose order record listing 1312. For example shown in
Returning to
With further reference to
With further reference to
With reference to
With additional reference to
In
Furthermore, a document attachment field 3550 may be provided to allow user to select a file for association with the selected dose order 1320 by browsing profile to attach or may allow for a file to be dragged and dropped at the attachment field 3550 to associate an attachment with the selected dose order 1320. With further reference to
With returned reference to
With return reference to
Furthermore, the availability of a button for performing an operation relative to a dose order may be at least partially based on a level of authorization of a user. In turn, the enablement of one or more of the buttons that provide management functionality relative to the dose orders appearing in the dose order record listing 1312 may be based upon permission data as described above. As such, for example, a user may have the ability to place a dose order on hold or remove a dose order from hold using the place on hold button 1324 or remove from hold button 1326, but not have sufficient authorization to modify a dose order using the modify button 1330. Further still, a user may have authorization to view a dose order record listing 1312 alone without any authorization to modify a dose in any regard. Each of these permission identifications may be provided in permission data relative to the user.
With continued reference to
With further reference to
With further reference to
Rules may also be used to otherwise assist in management of the dose order records in the dose order queue. For example, the local server 330 may also include or be in operative communication with a dose logic engine (“DLE”). The DLE may be operative to evaluate dose order records based on one or more portions of dose metadata stored in corresponding dose order record data fields. In this regard, anyone or more the portions of dose order metadata as described above may be utilized in a rule implemented by the DLE. Furthermore, conditions for execution of rules executed by the DLE may be established such that the rule may be performed at one or more times on dose order records. For example, one or more rules may be executed on a dose order record by the DLE when the dose order record is initially populated in the dose order queue and/or upon a subsequent condition being satisfied such as a change in status of the dose order record or the like. In any regard, a rule executed by the DLE may include scrutinizing one or more portions of dose metadata in view of a rule. For example, Boolean searching or the like may be utilized to identify whether a rule is to be applied to the dose order record based on the occurrence of a selected parameter in the dose order metadata. Upon determining that a rule applies to a dose order record, an operation may be associated with the rule that is in turn executed on dose order records determined to be applicable to the rule. The operation may be utilized to manage and/or modify the dose order record identified by the rule. For example, the operations may include changing a status of the dose order, modifying metadata of the dose order, or other appropriate operation with respect order record or metadata associated with the dose order record. Two such examples of operations that may perform by the DLE include identifying duplicate orders and/or discontinued orders.
In a duplicate order detection rule, the DLE may be operative to review a first dose order record in view of other dose order records within the dose order queue to determine if the first dose order record corresponds to a potential duplicate dose order. In this regard, the DLE may evaluate the metadata regarding the first dose order record to determine if other ones of the dose order records within the dose order queue match the identified metadata regarding the dose order to a predetermined correspondence. The predetermined correspondence may be selectable by a user of the management tool 1300. It may be appreciated that the matching of the metadata between the dose order records being reviewed and the other dose order records in the queue may not necessarily need to be identical. For example, the rule may be written such that if selected ones of the metadata fields are identical between the first dose order record being reviewed and the other dose order records in the dose order queue, the dose order record being reviewed may be flagged is a potential duplicate order. Such a rule may be applied to the first dose order record when the record is initially populated the dose order queue.
In this regard, with further reference to
Accordingly, upon selection of the suspected duplicate 1364, number of operation buttons may be enabled. For example, the user may select detail button 1366 to be presented with additional details regarding the suspected duplicate order 1364 and/or the original order 1362. In turn, the user may determine suspected duplicate 1364 may not in fact be a duplicate order, but rather be a valid order the should proceed preparation. In this regard, the user may select the ignore button 1368 to indicate that the suspected duplicate 1364 is not in fact a duplicate of the original order 1362. In contrast, should the user determine that the duplicate order 1364 is in fact duplicate of the original order 1362, the user may select the discontinue button 1370 to discontinue the duplicate order 1364 such that the duplicate order may be removed from the dose order queue. Upon selection of either the discontinue button 1370 or the ignore button 1368, the user may be present the dialog box that may require the user to identify the reason for the discontinuation or ignoring of the suspected duplicate status of the dose order.
Additionally, it may be recognized that the DLE may process incoming dose orders to determine if the order corresponds to a discontinuation of an order. That is, a common practice when processing dose orders is to indicate a discontinuation of a first order by subsequently sending a corresponding order to the first order at a later time with a discontinue status for the subsequently provided order. In prior approaches, the receipt of such a discontinued order may simply result in printing a label with the dose order details and a discontinuation status. This would in turn require a user to go through the printed dose order labels to locate the original dose order that was referenced in the discontinued dose order in order to replace the original dose order on a discontinued status. The DLE may be utilized to automate this process in the context of the dose order queue stored by the local server 330 by identifying receipt of a dose order in the dose order queue that contains a discontinued status and automatically matching the discontinued dose to one or more existing dose order records. Thus, receipt of a dose order with a discontinued status may trigger the DLE to perform a query of the dose order queue to identify corresponding ones of the dose orders in the dose order queue that exceed a predetermined correspondence to the discontinued dose order. For example, one or more overlapping or identical pieces of metadata between the discontinue dose order and the identified discontinued order in the dose order queue may be determined. The predetermined correspondence may be customizable by a user. In any regard, upon identification of a dose order record from the dose order queue that corresponds to a received discontinued dose order, the original dose order may automatically change the status of the one or more identified dose order records to a discontinued status.
The execution of a discontinued dose rule by the DLE may also at least partially be based upon the status of the one or more dose order records from the dose order queue that are identified as discontinued doses at the time the dose order records are identified. For example, in one example, the dose order for the dose order record identified as a discontinued dose may not yet have been prepared. In this regard, the DLE may simply change the status the dose order record to discontinued and remove the dose order record from the dose order queue such that the discontinued dose order record is not prepared. In contrast, the identified discontinued dose order record may have been prepared and verified and be in sort awaiting dispatch from the pharmacy. In this regard, the status of the dose order may be modified to discontinued and any resulting dose that was prepared for the dose order record may be changed from a dose to a product. That is, the dose order system may print a work in progress label or other identifier that allows the prepared dose to be moved to pharmacy stock for later use (e.g., to fulfill a later dose order received at the pharmacy). The modification of a dose to a produce may also occur in the case where a dose has been prepared and not yet verified. In this regard, the pharmacist that performs the verification may be presented with the status of the dose being discontinued.
In addition to the dose order record management functions related to the dose order records described above, the pharmacy workflow management application 114 may further be operative to provide dose order records to a workstation for the purpose of fulfilling or preparing the dose order record at the workstation. Any number of different workstations can be part of the system. For example,
In any regard, the local server 330 may be operative to communicate with a workstation to provide information related to the dose order record thereto. For example, in order to prepare a medication dose at one of the workstations, data regarding a corresponding medication dose order record may be sent by the local server 330 to the appropriate workstation. As may be appreciated, the various workstations may be particularly suited for particular type of medication dose to be prepared. For instance, a dose of chemotherapy to be administered to a patient may be provided to the chemo workstation 520, whereas another type of dose may be prepared at another workstation within the local system 110.
With returned reference to
Returning to the dose preparation workflow and documentation support 430 and management of scheduled tasks by the workstation 440 depicted in
If unfulfilled dose order records are in the database, unfulfilled dose order records are retrieved at step 540. At decision 541, it may be determined whether a dose previously prepared and stored which would satisfy the dose order. For disclosure of assist in the prepared dose orders in anticipation of need for such orders, see U.S. application Ser. No. 11/844,135, filed Aug. 23, 2007, entitled “Automated Centralized Preparation of Medications in Anticipation of Use,” which is co-owned with the present application and hereby incorporated by reference in its entirety. If no such dose exists, the dose order may be posted to the dose order queue at each workstation and may also be posted to the situation board 400 at step 542. Additionally, the dose order record may be updated so that a status of the dose order records indicated as “pending” to signify the dose order is ready to be prepared. Optionally, the requirements for filling the dose order are retrieved and used to post the dose order to the dose order queues only those workstations that are suitable for handling such dose order. In this way, individual workstations may have a tailored queue of pending dose orders. In another arrangement, such tailored queues are provided to the individual workstations with the operator such workstation can expand the presentation to see other disorders in the queue even if not suitable for handling of the operators given workstation.
With returned reference to
In some instances the workstation is in the form of an automated device and therefore, the automated device has a selection module comprising code to automatically select those dose orders in the queue that can be fulfilled by the workstation. The selection can take into account number of different rules including the number of pending dose orders at this workstation, the availability of different drugs, etc. The automated device communicates with the local server 330 and selects and pulls dose order for filling.
However, even when the system is configured to operate in such a pull mode, the individual dose orders can be preassigned in the event that a dose order can only be fulfilled by a specific workstation, in which case the application 114 may recognize this fact and identifies that the particular dose order is intended for delivery to a particular workstation. For example, if the dose order that is received and processed step 541 is the type that can only be fulfilled by specific workstation (e.g., chemotherapy workstation), the dose order will be identified as such on the dose order queue in the workstation type is qualified for receiving and fulfilling the dose order can be notified (e.g., the chemo workstation 520 as shown in
In another application, the system may be configured to “push” dose orders to the individual workstations. In this regard, the local server 330 may select which workstation is best capable of handling incoming dose order and assign the dose order to that workstation. Workstation may then be sent to the workstation fulfillment of the order. In this regard, the “pushing” dose orders to the individual workstations may be based on a multitude of factors including, for example, the type of workstation, the backlog of dose orders, the types of drugs located at a given workstation, the technician logged in at a given workstation, or other factors.
Furthermore, the application 114 can analyze the supplies necessary to fulfill the order. The list of required supplies may be compared to an inventory of supplies and their availability, optionally broken down by hospital, pharmacy location, or workstation. If there are insufficient supplies, additional supplies may be automatically order the relocation of supplies from one workstation to another may be ordered such that at least one workstation will have the necessary supplies to fulfill the dose order.
In an embodiment, a rule-based management of dose orders (e.g., by way of the DLE discussed above) may facilitate automatically assigning a dose order based on the preparation mode for the dose order. For example, the dose order may be evaluated with respect to at least one portion of dose order metadata stored in a dose order record data field associated with the dose order record. This evaluation may be performed upon population of the dose orders to the dose order queue. In turn, the evaluation may result in the preparation mode being assigned to an order. In turn, the user may be free of selecting the preparation mode associate of the dose order record, rather the preparation mode may be assigned automatically in response to the evaluation of the at least one portion of dose order metadata stored in the dose order record data field. The preparation mode assigned the dose order may be used, for example, to generate and/or select an appropriate preparation procedure for that dose order. Such preparation procedure may in turn be presented to a user when preparing the dose. As the preparation mode may be automatically attributed to the dose order based on application of a rule to the dose order, the user may not be required to select the preparation mode for the dose order. In turn, the dose order may be routed to an appropriate workstation where the user may be presented with the preparation procedure at least partially based on the automatically assigned preparation mode that is been associated with the dose order record by the system. Furthermore, dose orders that have the same preparation mode may also be grouped together into a micro batch in a queue view list.
In this regard, the pharmacy workflow management application 114 may allow for a dose order record to be communicated to a workstation for preparing a dose associated with the dose order record. As may be appreciated, the protocol or “recipe” corresponding to the dose order record may be provided to a technician at the workstation for use in preparing the dose. During the preparation of the dose, the technician may scan, enter, capture, or otherwise generate or record dose order metadata corresponding to the dose order being prepared. At least a portion of this information collected by the technician during preparation of the dose may be utilized to allow for a pharmacist review of the preparation of the dose as described in greater below.
With returned reference to
The additional information (i.e., protocol) can be associated with the dose order record at step 562 for presentation to the operator. The association can be accomplished by attaching the protocol file to the dose order record, or otherwise communicating it electronically to the workstation selected for handling that dose order, or by printing a copy of the protocol to include with a printed order for the dose. In a paperless environment, the protocol is preferably displayed along with the display of the order or can appear as a hyperlink or call-up dialog box from within the order display at the workstation.
Referring briefly to
On the right side of the screen are processing steps 610 that must be undertaken in order to prepare the requested dose. For example, a banner 612 indicates again the drug being produced is Cefazolin 1 g (Apoth) and below this banner there are a number of steps 610 that must be performed in order to produce the correct dose (drug product). The illustrated screen shows a first step 614 of printing and applying a product label. The label is printed by simply pressing the button 616 that is labeled “Print Label”. As soon as the label is printed, the user is prompted to move on to the next step 618 which is a step of scanning the product to verify that the proper product is present at the workstation. Conventionally scanning equipment can be used to scan (e.g., a barcode) the product and then the user is prompted to enter the Product Lot Number in a box 620 that is provided and the user then enters the Product Expiration Date in another box 622. All this inputted information is used to confirm that the correct product (drug) is present and is being used in the preparation of the Cefazolin 1 g dose. In this regard, it may be appreciated pharmacy workflow management application 114 may require a previous step to be completed prior to moving to a subsequent step. Performance of some steps may include positive capture of information related to the dose being prepared. In turn, the sequence of the protocol presented for a dose may be documented and explicit steps in relation thereto may be required prior to progressing in the sequence.
In another aspect of the present invention, other identifying information can be used to assist in determining that the correct drug is present at the workstation and is suitable for use in fulfilling a pending drug order. More specifically, the Drug Listing Act of 1972 requires registered drug establishments to provide the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) with a current list of all drugs manufactured, prepared, propagated, compounded, or processed by it for commercial distribution. The National Drug Code (NDC) is a universal product identifier used in the United States for drugs intended for human use. The FDA inputs the full NDC number and the information submitted as part of the listing process into a database known as the Drug Registration and Listing System (DRLS). The information submitted as part of the listing process, the NDC number, DRLS, and the NDC Directory are used in the implementation and enforcement of the Act. In turn, the NDC for a drug may be recorded during the preparation of a dose. A formulary of the pharmacy workflow management application 114 may be cross-referenced to determine if the NDC received during preparation corresponds to a drug appropriate for the dose being prepared. If the NDC is appropriate as determined by reference to the formulary, the user may be allowed to sequence to the next step in the process. If the NDC does not match, the operator may not be allowed to progress and the fact that in incorrect NDC was provided may be noted. It will also be appreciated that some of this information can be inputted using a reader devices, such as a barcode reader, etc.
Dose order records stored in the local database can be ordered or arranged and displayed in the dose order queue and/or at the situation board in accordance with a rule base that operates on the database with one or more rules. The rules may be at least partially based on dose order metadata populating one or more dose order record data fields. For example, one rule can be to optimize fulfillment of the orders. Thus, like dose orders (e.g., dose orders with similar drug components as reflected in the dose order metadata) can be processed at the same workstation one after another and hence faster because there is less cross-contamination and medication changes (i.e., retrieval and storage). Thus, dose orders can be grouped by type or medication, such that dose records requiring the same medication or with no risk of cross-contamination can be processed in order by the same machine, or set of machines. In this regard, the rules are configured to sort the dose-orders by type or medication. Alternatively, dose order records can be prioritized by urgency (e.g., “First Doses” or “STAT”). For example, if a doctor urgently needs a specific medication, the data stream identifying the dose can include information indicating its urgency, and the dose order record can include such urgency information. Thus, the rule in this instance operates to re-sort an urgent order to near the front of the queue, or have that order identified (e.g., flagged) as urgent for immediate or expedited fulfillment. Through this or a similar mechanism, the next unfulfilled dose order retrieved at step 140 can be arranged in the queue to optimize throughput or to satisfy other rule-based priorities. Alternatively and as described above, urgent orders can simply be highlighted and/or labeled as such in the drug order queue presented at the workstation.
The workstation can include various tools and monitoring equipment to assist and perform quality control during the manual preparation of the dose order. Such tools and monitoring equipment can include barcode scanners, digital cameras, scales, hydrometers, spectrometers, and other tools that can be used to verify the properties of a substance. For example, a computer monitor at the workstation can prompt the operator to take certain measurements of the dose order being prepared and input the results of those measurements. Failure to input a measurement within an acceptable range can result in the system automatically rejecting the preparation. Furthermore, to prevent operator fraud, the system can prompt the operator to place the preparation on a scale, or within another instrument, that automates the measurement, thereby reducing the opportunity for the operator to intentionally or unintentionally deceive the system. In this regard, it should be appreciated that the protocol presented to the used at block 562 is preferably coded to capture the progress made toward dose fulfillment. Thus, steps taken in completing the protocol or recipe are preferably coupled with specific operator input such as photographing a drug vial, weighing a syringe, and the like, with the inputs being captured and included in a data record that can be forwarded to the pharmacist for review and approval. The data record can be a record storable in the Ensemble database that is used in a preferred embodiment of the invention.
In accordance with the present invention and as previously mentioned, the present system includes means, such as readers and the like, which allow a particular drug to be identified at step 618 and compared to a database to ensure that the identified drug is the drug which is being requested is the same drug which has been identified at a particular location (station) of the present system. Since the NDC includes product code information, such as the specific strength, dosage form and formulation, it can be used in drug identification step 618 of the present system. It will also be appreciated that the NDC number can provide a means for redundantly confirming the identification of the drug being used at the workstation to prepare the requested drug order. In other words, other identifying information that is printed or otherwise present on the drug product can be read and then the NDC number can be read and the two compared as part of an integrity check to ensure that the correct drug product is present at the workstation.
The next step 624 involves scanning the diluent that is used in the reconstitution process. Once again, conventional scanning or imaging techniques can be used to identify and confirm whether the correct diluent is being used in the reconstitution process. The step 626 involves acquiring the diluent for the reconstitution and then confirming its proper identity and the user can indicate that the step has been completed by pressing the button labeled “Done”. The next step 628 can involve capturing the image of the diluent using conventionally techniques (e.g., a camera) and additional steps that can be performed are capturing the image of the completed vial 630 and scanning a dose to begin preparation of the individual dose 632. All of the information that is gathered in each of the steps is stored in the local database, preferably in the same record as or in association with the particular drug order being filled.
At any point, if a task performed in one of the steps is not verified as being correct, the operator is prevented from going onto the next step and the dose is not prepared.
Also, with brief reference to
The screen of
The NDC information also contains formulary information and this can be used at the workstation as the drug is being prepared in accordance with the steps shown and described with reference to
As mentioned above, if it is determined at step 550 that the dose order record is suitable for automated handling, it will be queued at an appropriate automated workstation. Queuing the dose order record at a workstation presents a further opportunity to optimize the distribution of orders within the pharmacy. For example, it may not be feasible to determine at step 140 an optimal organization of dose order records to ensure that dose order records requiring similar medications are queued at the same workstation. Thus, at step 570, a particular dose order can be queued at an automated workstation that is known to be processing the same medication, or to any workstation at which a dose order involving the same medication was just queued (e.g., a workstation to which the dose order and protocol are provided at block 560. Re-ordering and queuing of dose orders can be very flexible if the urgency of the dose order is very low. For example, the dose orders can be queued in a less than optimal order with respect to time, but more efficient with respect to medication changes and cleanings to prevent cross-contamination. Optionally, the current workload and/or work distribution of dose orders to workstations can be tracked or monitored and presented to a user (e.g., presented on a centralized display) for management and performance monitoring.
Once the workstation fulfills the dose order, the status of the dose order record can be changed to indicate that it has been processed at step 580. The status change can be received by the pharmacy workflow management application 114 as an acknowledgement that the drug dosage form has been prepared, or as a “processed-order” status, and this can further result in an update to the dose order record, the inventory record, or both concerning any drug dosage forms that have been prepared but not yet delivered. Additionally, data concerning the assignment of the dose order to the selected workstation and the completion of the dose order can be logged in the database. Logging information concerning which workstation processed the dose order into the database (e.g., the local database 330), as indicated at step 590, enables complete tracking of both the dose-order processing steps and tracking of the prepared dose itself from its entry as data into the pharmacy system to its delivery to the patient. Accordingly, at step 590, the information can be logged into the local database 112.
The present system therefore provides a composite workflow application that can layer on top of a hospital's existing pharmacy information system 320, without requiring any changes to that system, in order to manage the production of IV doses (and other doses) in the pharmacy, track dose delivery from the pharmacy, prevent medication errors caused by incorrect dose preparation, capture detailed history of dose preparation (including images), and serve as a gateway to automation systems throughout the pharmacy, such as carousels, compounders, and IV robots.
Accordingly, the pharmacy workflow management application 114 may allow for a pharmacist review of a dose prior to the dose being distributed from the pharmacy is depicted in the pharmacy dose verification and approval step 450 of
Accordingly, the pharmacy workflow management application 114 may provide for remote inspection of prepared doses, thus facilitating the practice of telepharmacy, by which a pharmacist can inspect the dose preparation from any location inside the hospital or elsewhere so the dose is released more quickly and efficiently from the pharmacy. Accordingly, dose inspection/verification may be performed by a pharmacist from any location using the portal the present invention. Dose order record metadata stored at the local server 330 may be presented to the pharmacist for inspection and approval. The portal may be provided through a conventional web browser, optionally with the use of a plug-in or other active code that provides for review of the data presented such as, for example, magnification, rotation, contrast adjustments, and other adjustments to an image to facilitate interview.
In turn, a pharmacist may be presented with images associated with the preparation of the dose. The pharmacist can not only look at images of the final product, including the product label, and other related product information, such as a barcode information, but also, the pharmacist can review information and images that obtain the particular steps in the overall drug preparation process. For example, during a drug reconstitution process, the operator may step through the drug preparation as described above such that the operator must confirm each step is successfully completed prior to moving to the next step. One of the steps in the preparation of the dose may be the selection of a particular drug vial. The selection of the drug while may be captured using the camera to produce an image that may be later viewed by the pharmacist. Additionally or alternatively, a scanning event during which the operator identifies the drug vial being used by scanning a barcode on the drug vial may also produce data that is reviewable by the pharmacist. The pharmacist can view each or many of the steps are taken in order to confirm that steps properly completed in the protocol to prepare the preparation and thus, confirmed the dose is properly prepared. The remote verification facilitated by the pharmacy workflow management application 114 provides a superior and more complete way of inspecting and verifying a dose prior to releasing the dose to the patient because the pharmacist may be able to visually inspect multiple images and/or data obtained during the steps of preparing of the drug to confirm that the steps are carried out properly, and thus, ultimately conclude whether the dose order is properly prepared and should be released the patient. In contrast, traditional approaches may rely upon a pharmacist discussing with the technician the steps taken to prepared dose without any way to actually verify the steps performed. This improved verification may be important in many circumstances, including when the constituent components of the final dose include more than one clear fluid such that a visual inspection of the final dose alone cannot provide a basis for the pharmacist to confirm the accuracy of the dose. Thus, benefit results from the capture and review steps, regardless of whether the pharmacist is on-site or remotely situated.
Preferably, the local server 330 includes web services or a communication module that enables the data records associated with the dose order and its production to be viewed through a conventional web-browser program. As such, the pharmacist no longer has to be physically within the pharmacy to inspect and verify dose orders and ultimately either approve and release the dose order or reject the dose order. The opportunities that this system presents are varied and great. For example, a number of pharmacies can subscribe to a service where pharmacists inspect and verify dose orders from a remote location, either all the time or after the close of normal business hours. In addition, when the drug orders are prepared by automated drug preparation devices as opposed to pharmacy clerks, the inspection and verification process can be outsourced to one or more pharmacists who review and verify the dose orders.
In addition, a panel of pharmacists can, at one or more remote locations, review the dose orders that have been prepared by a number of different workstations (both automated and manual), regardless of the location of such workstations. Each pharmacist can review all of the digital records and stored information as described above as part of the inspection process and then can approve the dose order for release if the pharmacist concludes that the dose order was properly prepared. The approval process can comprise messages communicated through the portal, e.g., a web-browser application such that the pharmacist simply logs into the system and approves particular orders by mouse-clicks, keystrokes, and other conventional inputs that are forwarded to the local server that was the source of that particular dose order. A conventional login process with password and optionally further user-authentication ensures that the pharmacist's identity is verified before providing access to the pharmacist to any dose order information. The system can be designed so that for each dose order, the pharmacist must enter a unique identifier, such as a password, in order to release the drug. The date and time of the inspection and release or rejection of the dose order is also logged. Optionally, this information can be associated with the dose order record so that the approval stage is saved together with the processing steps to fill the dose order. In this manner, a record of which pharmacist has approved a particular dose order can be saved.
It will be appreciated that an entity can be formed in which pharmacist-members span the world in different time zones so as to have a pharmacist available regardless of the time of day to inspect and release or reject a particular dose order. The pharmacists can thus be part of an organization or a corporation that offers this service to different pharmacies across the globe. To accommodate different languages, the software can be configured to offer the dose order information in different languages, which can be selected in a pull down menu on a screen, such as a login screen.
With further reference to
In turn, upon selection of a dose being verified by another user, a verification control dialog box 1354 may be displayed to the user as shown in
Upon selection of the “take control” button, a user may obtain control over the verification of the dose from the other user. In turn, a dose verification screen 1360 for the user to control the dose may be shown as depicted in
After doses are prepared, the resulting physical dose may be tracked during the dose sorting and distribution 460 as shown in
The workflow process described herein may include a “kitting” function that organizes work into appropriate kits, prints picking documents to assist the technician in locating and securing the appropriate drugs and supplies. Bar codes or the like can be used to verify the selected drugs and the workflow process includes issuing a kit report that tracks the work into and through the IV room or other room.
Additionally, scanning of tags associated with a dose may allow a plurality of dose orders may be aggregated to define a transport collection. For example, a transport collection may be identified for a specific final destination within a facility for more efficient transport of doses to the final destination in the facility. As such, the final destination may, but is not required to, correspond to a physical location within a hospital or other care facility. In this regard, verified doses may be scanned to identify the dose order for the dose. Subsequently, a transport collection (e.g., a tag or other machine readable identifier) may be scanned to associate the dose order with the transport collection. In this regard, when the transport collection undergoes a scan event (e.g., corresponding to a change in location of transport collection), all dose order records that are associated with transport collection may be updated without requiring each dose order record and transport collection to be scanned.
The transport collections may be associated with the final destination. In this regard, prior to association of a dose order with transport collection, one or more portions of dose metadata may be scrutinized determine the appropriateness of the dose order being added to the transport collection. For example, a transport collection may be established that is to be distributed to a predetermined location within a hospital. As an example, a transport collection may be defined corresponding to a fourth floor nursing station. In this regard, if the dose order record has dose metadata associated with a corresponding dose order record data field that indicates the dose order is not to be transported to the fourth floor nursing station, a transport collection rule may prevent association of the dose order with the transport collection rule. In this regard, the rule may scrutinize dose order metadata associated with a dose order to determine the appropriateness of the dose order records in relation to the transport collection. As such, a dose order record that includes dose order metadata not associated with acceptable metadata for the dose order record may be disallowed from being associated with the transport collection. The metadata scrutinized by the transport collection rule may be any appropriate portion of metadata and not simply limited to a location provided in the dose order data. For example, it may be recognized that a location may be unacceptable for handle hazardous doses such as chemotherapy doses or the like. In this regard, any portion of dose order metadata regarding the dose order (e.g., drug identifiers like) may be utilized to define transport collection rules.
In connection with the tracking of the dose in the pharmacy, the pharmacy workflow management application 114 is further capable of responding to any status inquiries concerning a given dose order with order status (e.g., “unprocessed,” “in-progress at {selected workstation},” “processed” and the like) and optionally a location (e.g., in bin A, on cart B, in pediatric ward, etc.). The pharmacy workflow management application 114 is also capable of monitoring and tracking the prepared dose through to its delivery with additional status information (e.g., dispensation to patient {X}), as discussed with reference to
Other scan events may modify the status of a dose order record in response to a scan associated with a dose order record, where the scan is at least partially in connection with the dose preparation step associated with an independent pharmacy workflow operation to prepare a dose associated with the dose order record. That is, for example, when a technician or other user scanned the dose for a purpose associated with the preparation of the dose, other than a specific change in the status of the dose, the status the dose may also be modified in response to the independent preparation step. Accordingly, as shown in
In
With continued reference to
As may be appreciated, dose tracking takes a number of forms. The situation board 400 provides one manner of dose tracking because it maintains a high level view of the work being performed in the pharmacy and because is configured to immediately instruct an observer regarding any incomplete work. Moreover, color coding or other formatting on the situation board can immediately identify the volume of work pending preparation, under preparation, or prepared but not yet checked out by a pharmacist (i.e., orders not yet approved for release). Such formatting may be based on a user profile associated with user authentication information used access the situation board 400. For example, with further reference to
Dose tracking is also provided at each step in the dose preparation process, including without limitation, the selection and preparation of the ingredients, pharmacist checking, removal from the IV room for delivery to a patient, and the actual delivery of the dose to the floor. Each of these steps is part of the workflow process that is tracked in the system managed by the server 330. As well, there is a dose query function that permits any authorized user to probe the database to discover the current status of any particular dose or group of doses. Also, the situation board maintains alarms for doses that are due and also tracks doses whose preparation must be delayed because of limited stability in solution.
While the invention has been illustrated and described in detail in the drawings and foregoing description, such illustration and description is to be considered as exemplary and not restrictive in character. For example, certain embodiments described hereinabove may be combinable with other described embodiments and/or arranged in other ways (e.g., process elements may be performed in other sequences). Accordingly, it should be understood that only the preferred embodiment and variants thereof have been shown and described and that all changes and modifications that come within the spirit of the invention are desired to be protected.
This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application No. 62/057,906 filed on Sep. 30, 2014, entitled “MANAGEMENT OF MEDICATION PREPARATION WITH FORMULARY MANAGEMENT,” the contents of which are incorporated by reference herein as if set forth in full.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20160092638 A1 | Mar 2016 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62057906 | Sep 2014 | US |
