The present invention relates to a managerial decision support system and method to be executed in the case of selling and producing a middle or great deal of products.
As described in the “Introduction to Production Management 1” written by Takahiro FUJIMOTO and published in Nihon Keizai Shimbun, Inc. (Japan Economic Newspaper, Inc.), for drafting a schedule of selling or producing a middle or great deal of products, at first, an aggregate (long-range) production plan (referred to as a long-range schedule) is drafted for calculating a production level, a stock level, and a work level. Then, based on the long-range schedule, a master production schedule (referred to as a middle-range schedule) is drafted for fixing a production of each product and prepositions of a schedule on a number of man-hours and a schedule on a required amount of each material. The long-range schedule, as an example, includes the following attributes; the schedule period ranges from six months to one year and a half, the schedule unit is a month or a week, the frequency of a schedule revision is “per month”, and the product category is “on a product group basis”. On the other hand, the middle-range schedule includes the following attributes; the schedule period ranges from one to three months, the schedule unit is ten days to a day, the frequency of a schedule revision is “per month”, and the product category is “on a specification basis”. It is to be understood from the difference of each attribute between both of the schedules that the target business is influenced by the long-range schedule more greatly than by the middle-range schedule. It means that the middle-range schedule is drafted at an aim of the long-range schedule. Hence, the long-range schedule is drafted and approved by a top authority of the management (referred to as an executive or an executive person) for generally conducting the concerned business. The middle-range schedule is drafted and approved by sales and product authorities (referred to as sales and production manager) of the concerned business. For the long-range schedule or the middle-range schedule, in advance of the scheduled period, the schedule over the scheduled period is drafted and modified frequently at each modifying time.
In drafting the schedule, the executive drafts the long-range schedule and then the sales and product managers draft the middle-range schedule based on the long-range schedule. In reviewing the long-range schedule, a problem is focused on a contract of supplying materials (referred to as a supply constraint) and a constraint of an employment contract and a capacity of scheduled introducing facilities (referred to as a capacity constraint), which have been already arranged. Hence, after the long-range schedule is reviewed, the sales and product managers expand the long-range schedule into the middle-range schedule and then checks the feasibility of the long-range schedule in the supply constraint and the capacity constraint. If not feasible, the executive and the sales and product managers review the long-range schedule and the middle-range schedule again and again in cooperation with each other.
From a viewpoint of the executive, the conventional method of laying down the long-range schedule has the following disadvantages.
1: Mismatch of the long-range schedule to the middle-range schedule
2: No consideration is given to the information about profit-and-loss determination such as sales, costs, and profits in laying out the long-term schedule (schedule on the number of productions and sales).
3: If the information about the item 2 is supplied, no display means is provided for working the information into the easily determinable displaying form so that the information may be quickly determined.
Hereafter, each disadvantage will be described in detail.
About the disadvantage 1:
As mentioned above, the long-range schedule includes only the schedule on each product group. On the other hand, in the middle-range schedule, the feasible schedule is drafted on a production specification basis in the range of the supply constraint and the capacity constraint. If the long-range schedule is reviewed in spite of disability to grasp a parent relation between the product group of the long-range schedule and the product specification of the middle-range schedule before the review and a relation between the quantity of the long-range schedule and that of the middle-range schedule, the new, reviewed long-range schedule is not matched with the new, reviewed middle-range schedule. Further, unless the long-range schedule is expanded into the middle-range schedule, the supply and the capacity constraints are not allowed to be reviewed. Hence, the feasibility of the schedule cannot be grasped when drafting the long-range schedule. Until the long-range schedule is expanded into the middle-range schedule, the supply and the capacity constraints are reviewed, and the middle-range schedule is determined to be unfeasible, it is not grasped that the long-range schedule is made unfeasible. If the middle-range schedule is determined to be unfeasible, the review of the long-range schedule and the middle-range schedule are required to be repeated until the middle-range schedule is made feasible. Hence, it is difficult to keep the excellent match of both schedules.
About the disadvantage 2:
Conventionally, the profit-and-loss determination has been separated from the schedule draft on the sales and the production. This is because the aim of the schedule is to achieve the sales target in which the gross profit of each product (=price−standard cost) is at least plus and thus only the recovery of the fixed cost is required. If the gross profit is plus, a more sales profit than the gross one directly leads to the benefit. The conventional goal has been only to exceed the sales estimate. That is, if the product is so competitive that it may reach so large a number of sales and gross profit as recovering the fixed cost, it is just necessary to lower the manufacturing cost as much as possible and to produce and sale the target quantity of sales. Hence, it is not necessary to consider the profit and loss in the sales and production. However, in the managing circumstances wherein the product is not so competitive as having a lower profit ratio or obtaining so small sales as recovering the fixed cost, a variety of sales quantity has a great influence on the profit and loss. In particular, if two or more products are prepared and those products have their own profit ratios and accuracy on forecasting the demands of them, the sales quantity of each product has a great influence on the profit and loss. In such severs managing circumstances, the conventional method has had difficulty in determining the profit and loss of each product subtlety.
About the disadvantage 3:
The measures of sales, cost, profit, and stock are related with one another. For example, the increase of the sales ordinarily leads to the increase of the profit. The increase of the sales ordinarily leads to the increase of the stock. The increase of the cost leads to the increase of the stock. Hence, if these measures are displayed individually, it is necessary to take a time in reading the relation among them. That is, though it is necessary to increase the number of measures for the purpose of decision making, if those measures are displayed as they are, the decision making is made slower against the intention.
In order to overcome the foregoing disadvantages, according to an aspect of the invention, by referring to the relation between the long-range schedule and the middle-range schedule before review, the reviewed long-range schedule is promptly expanded into the reviewed middle-range schedule. Then, based on the result that it is determined whether or not the middle-range schedule stays in the range of the supply and the capacity constraints, the feasibility of the reviewed long-distance schedule is displayed. Further, based on the relation between the long-range schedule and the middle-range schedule before review, the reviewed middle-range schedule is reversely expanded into the long-range schedule and then is displayed. Moreover, the influence given by the variety of actual demand against the sales schedule is predicted and the predicted result is supplied as the materials of determining the management to the system located on the side of the executive.
In order to overcome the foregoing disadvantages, according to another aspect of the invention, the predicted results of sales, cost, and profit on the long-range schedule level (product category, schedule period, and schedule unit) are calculated on the corresponding middle-range schedule. The predicted results are outputted on the display device on which the executive makes a managerial decision. Further, the profit-and-loss information (sales, profit, and cost) based on the reviewed result of the middle-range schedule based on the reviewed long-range schedule is outputted on the display device on which the managerial decision is made in such a graphical manner as combining the measures with each other so that the executive may easily make a decision. In improving the estimating accuracy of the cost, it is necessary to predict the change of acquisition cost of parts resulting from the change of the predicted stock caused by the revised sales schedule. Further, it is also necessary to predict the influence on the profit and loss if the actual demand against the sales schedule is changed.
Concretely, the long-range schedule is drafted on the shifted measures such as sales, a cost, a profit, and a stock from the past. Then, the shifts of each index and the relation among the measures are viewed at a time. For example, the shift of the ratio of the sales to the profit, which corresponds to the relation between the sales and the profit, is displayed at a time together with the shift of the sales.
In updating the long-range schedule, the current values of the measures such as sales, a cost, a profit, and a stock are displayed. A method is also provided of displaying the information about how far the current values of these measures are shifted from the schedule or the budget achievement level based on the future prediction values so that the concerned persons may view the information. In combination, the method is also provided of displaying the relation among the current values of the measures, about the current shift, and the budget achievement predictions so that the concerned persons may view the relation.
Other objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the embodiments of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Hereafter, the description will be oriented to the managerial decision support system according to an embodiment of the present invention with reference to the appended drawings.
In this embodiment, the managerial decision support device 101 is inputted with the long-range schedule draft, a profit and loss goal, a sales goal, and a stock goal, all denoted by 108, inputted by the executive that is the top authority of the business. Then, the profit and loss goal and the sales goal 111 are transferred into the profit-and-loss decision support device 102, the stock goal 112 is transferred into the stock and supply schedule support device 106, and the long-range schedule draft 115 is shifted into the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 so that the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 and the stock simulating device 105 may be operated. As the operated result, the managerial decision support device 101 obtains the long-range schedule draft, an amended schedule, the predicted profit and loss, and the predicted sales, all denoted by 118, from the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 and a stock prediction and an estimated loss of a inventory price decline, all denoted by 119, from the stock simulating device 105. The managerial decision support device 101 provides the executive with the obtained informations in combination with the data on actual sales, actual production, and actual stock so that the executive may use all data for his or her decision making. In this arrangement, the transfer of data among the devices is executed by a communicating means such as the LAN (Local Area Network) or the internet.
At first, the managerial decision support device 101 transmits the data on the profit and loss goal and the sales goal 111 to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 (S201). The device 101 also transmits the data on the stock goal 112 to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 (S202). Further, the data on the long-range schedule draft 115 is transmitted from the managerial decision support device 101 to the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 (S203). At this time, an indication of start is transmitted from the managerial decision support device 101 to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 and the stock and supply support device 106. In response to the indication of start, the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 accepts the inputs (such as the long-range schedule draft, the deployment ratio, all denoted by 117, and the planned product price 110) from the sales manager and the production manager and then transfer the long-range schedule draft, the ratio of deployment, and the planned product price, all denoted by 122, to the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. Then, the device 101 issues an indication of starting the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 and then transmit the indication to the device 103. In response to the indication of start, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 causes the supply schedule draft device 104 and the stock simulating device 105 to start. Conversely, in response to the indication of start from the managerial decision support device 101, the stock and supply schedule support device 106 may cause the stock simulating device 105, the supply schedule draft device, and the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 to start. This converse process allows the management, profit-and-loss and stock system to be started up.
In succession, based on the long-range schedule draft transferred from the managerial decision support device 101, the deployment ratio (meaning the ratio of the sales to the production in the middle-range schedule draft) transferred from the profit-and-loss decision support device 102, and the planned product price of each product specification, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 calculates the middle-range schedule draft and a feasibility of the schedule and then transfers the results to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 (S204). The profit-and-loss simulating device 103 performs a predicting operation, in which the long-range schedule deploying operation is executed for calculating the middle-range schedule draft based on the long-range schedule draft, the super bill of materials 126 (see
Then, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 calculates the predicted profit and loss, the predicted sales, the predicted cost, and the planned product price and then transmits them to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102. The calculated information is combined with the super bill of materials 126 and then the result is outputted onto the display screen of the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 in a tree structure format. As viewing the displayed information, the sales and production managers enable to change or modify the numerical values of the long-range schedule draft, the deployment ratio, and the planned product price through the use of the profit-and-loss decision support device 102. In this embodiment, the description concerns with the change or modification in a step S206 about the long-range schedule draft and the deployment ratio and the change or modification in a step S209 about the planned product price. These three data items may be modified or changed at a time (as the step S206). In the case, the predicted profit and loss and the predicted sales (S210) are operated at the same time of the operation in a step S207.
Then, in response to the input given by the sales and production managers, the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 transmits the long-range schedule draft and the deployment ratio (modified value) to the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 (S207). Then, based on the information like the modified long-range schedule, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 executes the operation with respect to the deployment of the long-range schedule and the feasibility of the schedule and then transmits the operated result to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 (S207).
Like the step S205, the predicted profit and loss, the predicted sales, the predicted cost, and the planned product price are calculated by the operation of the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. The calculated result is transmitted to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102. In response to the result, the sales and production managers enable to change or modify the planned product price. The modified data is transmitted to the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 (S209). Based on the modified, planned product price, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 calculates the predicted profit and loss and the predicted sales and then transmits them to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 (S210).
The supply schedule draft device 104 accepts the middle-range schedule data calculated by the profit-and-loss simulation (S220), drafts the supply schedule draft 120 again based on the middle-range schedule, and transmit the supply schedule draft 120 to each device (S221, S222). The supply schedule draft device 104 calculates the middle-range schedule draft on a day basis (S224). The stock simulating device 105 executes the operation of the stock prediction again (S224). If modified by the stock and supply manager, the supply schedule draft 113 is transmitted to the stock simulating device 105, in which the stock simulating calculation is executed. In this embodiment, the long-range schedule draft and the deployment ratio are changed and modified (S206). Hence, the re-calculating process in the steps S220 to S228 is executed. If only the planned product price is modified or changed, the re-calculating process is not executed. In place, the process in the step S210 is executed.
The re-calculated stock prediction data is transmitted to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 and the managerial decision support device 101 (S226 and S227). Then, the predicted profit and loss, the predicted sales, and the feasible long-range schedule draft are transmitted to the managerial decision support device 101, in which they are displayed on the screen in combination with the information transmitted in the step SS7.
The foregoing processing flow allows the managerial decision support device 101 to supply the executive with the long-range schedule draft, the feasibility, the predicted profit and loss, the predicted sales, and the predicted stock, all denotes by 109. The repetition of these processes makes it possible to supply the managerial decision support information in real time, thereby allowing the executive to determine the management quickly and properly.
In turn, the description will be oriented to the screen display of the information supplied by the managerial decision support device 101 with reference to
In the initial state, the user logs in the device 101 (301). Then, the device 101 enters into the waiting state for a command (302). In the waiting state, two commands may be executed. One command is for displaying the details of a performance, while the other command is for displaying the predicted transition of a performance (304). Each of the displays have some option functions. The display of the performance details includes as its option functions a display item display (305), a display measure selection (306), and a target value specify screen (307). The display of the predicted transition includes as its option functions a display item selection (308), a display measure selection (309), a target value review screen (310), a long-range schedule change screen (311), and a scenario review screen (312). Those functions are connected in the relation as shown in
At first, the user enters a user ID and a password on the log-in screen (301) of the managerial decision support device 101 and clicks a log-in button. By this operation, the user is authenticated. Only if authenticated, the process is shifted to the next screen for waiting for a command (302).
The command awaited on the screen 302 is any one of the commands of displaying the transition of a predicted performance, displaying the details of the performance, and logging off the system. If the command of displaying the details of the performance is clicked, the display is shifted into the next display of the details of the performance (303). If the command of displaying the transition of the predicted performance is clicked, the display is shifted to the transition display of the predicated performance (304).
The transition graph of the marginal profit includes a bar graph of the past performance and a bar graph of the transition. In the former bar graph, an axis of abscissa indicates a period and an axis of ordinate indicates the sales and the variable cost. In the latter bar graph, an axis of abscissa indicates a period and an axis of ordinate indicates the marginal profit. The sales and the variable costs in the past periods are shaded and the marginal profits in the past are displayed in real lines. In this period (the second half (October to March) of 2001), the sales of the budget at the period outset and the variable cost of the budge at the period outset are shaded semi-transparently. The profit of the budge at the period outset is displayed by dotted lines.
In the profit ratio graph, an axis of abscissa indicates the sales of each period and an axis of ordinate indicates the marginal profit of each period. For each product type, the sales and the marginal profits in the past periods are displayed by real lines. In this period (the second half (October to March) of 2001), the sales of the budget at the period outset and the marginal profit of the budget at the period outset are displayed by semi-transparent lines. The sequence of the chronological information is indicated by an “arrow”. By displaying the relation between the marginal profit and the sales with the transition graph, it is possible to grasp the trends of two managerial decision measures at a time. Further, on the display format of this embodiment, the relation (profit ratio) between two measures, that is, the transition of the sales (upper or lower) and the transition of the marginal profit (upper or lower) can be instantaneously grasped so that the executive may determine the target values or the target value ranges of the “profit and loss target” and the “sales target” when he or she specifies the “profit and loss target” and the “sales target”. Further, in
In the stock graph, an axis of abscissa indicates the sales of each period and an axis of ordinates indicates the stock sum of each period. For each product type, the stock sum in the past period is displayed by real lines. The stock sum of the budget at the outset of this period (the second half of 2001) is displayed by semi-transparent lines. The sequence of the chronological information is indicated by an “arrow”. By displaying the relation between the sales and the stock sum with the transition graph, like the profit ratio, it is possible to grasp two managerial decision measures at a time. If the stock sum is greater than the sales volume, the executive may easily lay down the managerial policy of positioning the concerned product type as the weighted product. Hence, it is possible to quickly and properly realize the executive's decision support of studying the stock target as considering the sales target.
On the screen of the performance details display 303, three optional functions are provided as shown in the upper left portion of
On the screen of the performance details display 303, the other two buttons are provided. They are a predicted performance transition display button and a log-off button. When the former button is clicked, the screen is shifted to the predicted performance transition display 304. When the log-off button is clicked, the screen is shifted to the log-in screen 301.
On the target value specify screen (display screen included in the managerial decision support device 101) shown in
Of these measures, the stocked measures such as the sales, the number of products, and the profit are accumulatively displayed. By estimating the accumulated data, it is possible to easily grasp the progress against the target of the end of the period. Further, in the graph of the profit ratio shown in
The executive may review the managerial measures with reference to the information about the predicted performance transition display 304 appearing on the managerial decision support device 101. The support method will be described below.
The predicted performance transition display 304 includes four optional functions. They are a display item select 308, a display measure select 309, a target value review 310, and a long-range schedule edit 311. When each of the buttons, as shown in the left hand of the screen of
In turn, the process to be executed by the managerial decision support device 101 will be described with reference to
A numeral 1601 denotes a performance summing function. A numeral 1602 denotes screen data. A numeral 1603 denotes a graphical data generating function. A numeral 1604 denotes graphical data. A numeral 1605 denotes a screen display function. A numeral 1606 denotes a user input accepting function. A numeral 1607 denotes various kinds of target values specified by the executive.
The performance summing function 1601 is executed to sum up at a summing unit period (such as on a month or week basis) the actual sales, the actual production, and the actual stock 107 registered at an occurrence unit and then to output the values onto the screen data 1602. The graphical data generating function 1603 is executed to generate the graphical data 1604 that is dot-sequential data plotted in the graph. Further, the graphical data generating function 1603 is also executed to extract the inflection points of the graphical data and write their attributes into the graphical data 1604. The screen display function 1605 is executed to display the screens shown in
The sales prediction and the profit and loss prediction denoted by 118 and the stock prediction denoted by 119 will be described with reference to
As described above, according to this embodiment, the managerial decision support device 101 is arranged as shown in
The foregoing embodiment has been described on the assumption that the managerial decision support device 101, the profit-and-loss decision support device 102, the profit-and-loss simulating device 102, the supply schedule draft device 104, the sock simulating device 105, and the stock and supply schedule support device 106 are located within one enterprise site. It is not limited to this arrangement. It may be an associated system spreading over a plurality of enterprises. For example, the managerial decision support device 101 is a system owned by the A company. The other devices are owned by the contract manufacturing service company B and the logistics managing company C. The transfer of information among the devices is executed over the network so that the managerial decision support may be realized over a plurality of companies. Instead, the managerial decision support device 101, the profit-and-loss decision support device 102, and the stock supply schedule support device 106 may be owned by the same enterprise or a plurality of enterprises, while the profit-and-loss simulating device 103, the supply schedule draft device 104, and the stock simulating device 105 may be owned by the simulation service providing company D (ASP: Application Service Provider). In this arrangement, the enterprise side may be supplied with the managerial decision support service (simulation service) only if it merely owns the hardware for operating the GUI function. The ASP side may be supplied with the price for the supplied service.
In turn, the description will be oriented to the second embodiment of the present invention.
A numeral 2907 denotes information about a profit and loss target. A numeral 2908 denotes information about sales target. A numeral 2909 denotes information about a long-range schedule draft outputted by the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. A numeral 2910 denotes information about a middle-range schedule draft. A numeral 2911 denotes information about a distribution ratio. A numeral 2912 denotes information about a schedule feasibility. A numeral 2913 denotes information about a profit and loss, sales and a cost. A numeral 2914 denotes information about a planned product price (invoice discount ratio, cost). A numeral 2915 denotes information about a long-range schedule modified by the sales and production managers. A numeral 2922 denotes information about a long-range schedule draft outputted by the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 to the managerial decision support device 101. A numeral 2933 denotes information about a predicted profit and loss. A numeral 2924 denotes information about predicted sales.
As shown in
The profit-and-loss decision support device 103 is arranged as a device with a Web site or a browser so that the device 103 may be accessed for inputting the held information into the terminal located on the side of each decision supporter.
Next, the profit-and-lost decision support system will be described with reference to the sequence view of
The new long-range schedule draft 1115 drafted by the managerial decision support device 101 is provided to and held in the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. At a time, the profit and loss target 2907 and the sales target 2908 are provided to and held in the profit-and-loss decision support device 102.
The profit-and-loss simulating device 103 having accepted the new long-range schedule draft 115 expands the new long-range schedule draft for creating the new middle-range schedule draft (124, 2910) through the effect of the long-range schedule expanding function 3602.
Afterwards, the feasibility checking function 3003 is executed to check if the new middle-range schedule draft is feasible. The created schedule feasibility information 2912, the new long-range schedule draft 2909, the middle-range schedule draft 2910, and the deployment ratio 2911 are transferred to and held in the profit-and-loss decision support device.
The profit-and-loss decision support device, having accepted the information about the profit and loss and the sales, operates to display on screen the information by using the schedule feasibility information 2912, the new long-range schedule draft 2909, the new middle-range schedule draft 2910, the deployment ratio 2911, and the super bill of materials 126 represented in a tree structure. One example of the display is shown in
Further, the values of those informations may be changed by the long-range schedule changing function and the deployment ratio changing function included in the profit-and-loss decision support device 102. The changed long-range schedule draft 2915 and the changed deployment ratio 2916 are transferred to the profit-and-loss simulation and are again deployed through the long-range schedule deployment function 3008 and the feasibility checking function 3009.
The created schedule feasibility information 2912, the changed long-range schedule draft 2909, the changed middle-range schedule draft 2910, and the changed deployment ratio 2911 are all transferred to and held in the profit-and-loss decision support device 102.
At a time, the middle-range schedule draft 124 amended by the change of the long-range schedule draft is transferred to the supply schedule draft device 104. The supply schedule draft device 104 operates to create a new supply schedule draft based on the amended middle-range schedule draft 124 through the effect of the supply schedule draft function 3010.
The profit-and-loss simulating device 103 operates to re-calculate a profit and loss based on the amended middle-range schedule and the planned product price through the effect of the profit-and-loss calculating function 3012. The profit and loss, sales, and cost 2913, and planned product price 2914, derived by the device 103, are all supplied to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102.
Further, the planned product price may be also changed by using the planned product price change function 3013 included in the profit-and-loss decision support device. In this case, the amended planned product price 3017 is transferred to the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. Then, about the price 3017, the profit and loss is calculated by using the profit-and-loss calculating function 3014 included in the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. The calculated profit and loss is again transferred to the profit-and-loss decision support device 102. The profit and loss is displayed on screen through the effect of the display function.
The repetition of these simulations results in creating a feasible long-range-schedule draft that meets the request of the sales and production manager. Then, the operation of the profit-and-loss decision support device 102 is terminated (3015). The predicted profit and loss information 2923, the predicted sales information 2924, and the amended long-range schedule draft 2922 are transferred to the managerial decision support device 101. Then, the series of processes are terminated.
The profit-and-loss simulating device 103 is composed of a long-range schedule deploying function 3101, a feasibility check function 3102, and a profit-and-loss calculating function 3103. The information to be inputted into the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 includes a long-range schedule draft, a super bill of material, a deployment ratio, a required amount calculating master, a planned product price (an accounts ratio and a price), and a planned acquisition cost of inventory, all of which are shown in the left hand of
In turn, the description will be oriented to the input and output of the long-range schedule deploying function 3101, which is shown in
The description will be oriented to the input and output of the feasibility check function 3102. The information to be inputted to the feasibility check function 3102 includes the required amount calculating master 127 and the middle-range schedule draft. The required amount calculating master 127 is the master information required for calculating a required amount. The middle-range schedule draft is the information to be outputted from the long-range schedule deploying function. The output is the schedule feasibility information. The schedule item feasibility information is composed of a schedule section, a planned period, a product name, and a feasibility as shown in
The information to be inputted to the profit-and-loss calculating function 3103 includes the planned product price (planned accounts ratio), the planned product price, the long-range schedule draft, the super bill of material, and the deployment ratio. The planned product price (planned invoice discount ratio) includes a planned period, channel information, and the invoice discount ratio as shown in
In turn, the process of deploying the long-range schedule will be described with reference to
In a step 3201, the process is executed to deploy the long-range schedule draft according to the deployment ratio, based on the super bill of material information 126, for calculating the middle-range schedule draft.
In a step 3202, the process is executed to calculate the long-range schedule draft at the product type level like F330 upwardly to the upper layer, based on the super bill of material information. The upward upward calculation results in summing up the sales of F30, F310 and F330, for example and thereby calculating the profit and loss of the upper product format level (DT: Desktop) (see
In a step 3203, the period at which the deployment is executed (referred to as an deploying period) is shifted backward by one period.
In a step 3204, it is checked if the period at which calculation is executed (referred to as a calculating period) is out of a calculating range. If not, the process goes back to the step 3201 in which the process is continued. If it is out of the calculating range, the process of deploying the long-range schedule is terminated.
In turn, the process of checking a feasibility will be described with reference to
In a step 3301, the process is executed to calculate the required amount of materials from the middle-range schedule draft through the use of the known method of calculating the required supply amount in consideration of the order unit or the like derived from the required part amount.
In a step 3302, the process is executed to compare the required amount of materials deployed in the step 3301 with the supply constraint and the capacity constraint. If the required amount is smaller than the constraint in the step 3303, the process goes to the step 3905. If the required amount is greater than the constraint, in a step 3304, the process is executed to set an NG flag to the feasibility column of the feasibility information, and then the process goes to a step 3305.
In the step 3305, the middle-range schedule draft to be deployed is shifted backward by one.
In a step 3306, the process is executed to check if there exists any uncalculated middle-range schedule draft. If yes, the process goes back to the step 3301 in which the process is continued. If no, the process of checking the constraint and deploying the schedule draft is terminated.
In turn, the process of calculating a profit and loss will be described with reference to
In a step 3401, the process is executed to multiply the planned product price by the invoice discount ratio and to calculate the price of each product. In this case, the process is executed to specify the channel information of the tree including a concerned product from the super bill of materials information and to utilize the invoice discount ratio set to the specified channel.
In a step 3402, the price calculated in the step 3401 is multiplied by the number of products in the middle-range schedule, for calculating the total price of the middle-range schedule.
In a step 3403, the planned price is multiplied by the number of products of the middle-range schedule, for calculating the total cost of the middle-range schedule.
In a step 3404, the planned cost is multiplied by the number of products in the middle-range schedule, for calculating the total cost of the middle-range schedule.
In a step 3405, the profit and loss of the middle-range schedule calculated in the step 3404 is calculated upwardly to the uppermost layer, for calculating the profit and loss of the overall super bill of materials tree.
In a step 3406, the deploying period is shifted backward by one period.
In a step 3407, it is checked if the calculating period is out of a calculating range. If yes, the process goes back to the step 3401 in which the process is continued. If no, the process of calculating a profit and loss is terminated.
The examples of the user interface screens for realizing each of those functions are shown in
This screen transition view is used for explaining the transition of the screens displayed on the terminal on the side of the sales and production managers after accessing the profit-and-loss decision support device 102.
As shown in
By selecting any one of the components on the product type structure tree screen with a right mouse click, the screen is transited to the deployment ratio change screen as shown in
Further, by selecting any one of the components on the product type structure tree screen with a left mouse click, the screen is transited to the detailed information screen.
Hereafter, the description will be oriented to the operation of the sales and production manager on the screen displayed on the manager side.
On the product type structure tree screen, each kind of information may be displayed from the uppermost layer to the lowermost layer along the tree composition in the area 3702 through the use of the long-range schedule draft, the middle-range schedule draft, the planned product price, the deployment ratio, and the schedule feasibility, all of which are supplied by the profit-and-loss simulating device 103, and the sales target, the profit and loss target, and the super bill of materials 126, all of which are supplied by the managerial decision support device 101.
Further, on a tree view screen, an information display field 3704 is prepared in which some pieces of information about each SBOM element 3703 are displayed. In this field is displayed any value selected by the user from the number of products, the deployment ratio, the price, the invoice discount ratio, the profit and loss, the cost, and the schedule feasibility held in the profit-and-loss decision support device 102.
About the long-range schedule draft, the deployment ratio, the planned product price (planned accounts ratio) from the information displayed on the information display field, by positioning a cursor to this display field and rewriting a numerical value on a value to be changed, the information may be changed.
As another process, by clicking a check box 3804, the sum of the addition ratios of all brothers is fixed so that only another value may be changed without changing the addition ratio of a certain component.
The field 3805 displays the number of products. In this field, the number of the corresponding products with the components which are expanded on the changed addition ratios is displayed in advance.
In turn, the description will be oriented to the third embodiment of the present invention.
The supply decision support system according to this embodiment and its peripheral system include as their components the supply schedule draft device 104, the stock simulating device 105, the managerial decision support device 101, and the stock and supply schedule support device 106. The supply decision support system includes as its components the supply schedule draft device 104, the stock simulating device 105, and the stock and supply schedule support device 106.
When inputted with the middle-range schedule draft 124 and the required amount master 127, the supply schedule draft device 104 outputs the supply schedule draft 120 and the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801 drafted on the inputted data. When inputted with the supply schedule draft 120, the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801, the planned buying price 128, and the required amount calculating master 127, the stock simulating device 105 outputs the predicted stock 4802 calculated on the inputted data. The managerial decision support device 101 displays the inputted predicted stock 4802 and outputs the stock target. The stock and supply schedule support device 106 calculates the predicted stock 4802 and displays it together with the stock target 112. Then, the device 106 accepts the input of changing the supply schedule draft 120 given by the stock and supply schedule manager and then outputs the changed supply schedule draft 120 to the stock simulating device 105.
At first, the managerial decision support device 101 sends the stock target 112 to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 (step 4901). Then, the profit-and-loss simulating device 103 sends the middle-range schedule draft 124 to the supply schedule draft device 104 (step 4902). In succession, the supply schedule draft device 104 generates the supply schedule draft 120 and then sends the supply schedule draft 120 and the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801 to the stock simulating device 105 and the supply schedule draft 120 to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 (step 4903). Then, the stock simulating device 105 generates the predicted stock 4802 on the basis of the supply schedule draft 120 sent from the device 104 and then sends the predicted stock 4802 to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 (step 4904). In response, the stock and supply schedule support device 106 displays the inputted measures on screen so that the stock and supply schedule manager may changes the supply schedule draft. The changed supply schedule draft 120 is sent to the stock simulating device 105 (step 4905). The stock simulating device 105 re-calculates the ‘predicted stock 4802’ on the basis of the modified supply schedule draft 120 sent from the device 106, for generating ‘a predicted stock 4802’. ‘The predicted stock 4802’ is sent to the stock and supply schedule support device 106 and the managerial decision support device 101 again (step 4906). The managerial decision support device 101 displays the inputted indexes again (step 4907).
The stock simulating device 105 is composed of a stock calculating function 5001 and a stock sum calculating function 5004. The stock simulating device accepts the planned buying price 128, the supply schedule draft 120, the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801, and the required amount calculating master 127 shown in the uppermost stage from another device. Then, the predicted stock (quantity and sum) 4802 shown in the lowermost stage of
The stock calculating function 5001 is inputted with the stock schedule draft 120, the day-based middle-ranged schedule draft 4801, the day-based middle-ranged schedule draft 4801, and the required amount calculating master 127. As illustrated in
The stock sum calculating function 5004 is inputted with the predicted stock (only a quantity) calculated by the stock calculating function 5001 and calculates the predicted stock (a quantity and a sum). As shown in
Herein, the calculating process executed by the stock calculating function 5001 will be described with reference to
At first, the required supply amount is calculated from the supply schedule draft (step 5101). The calculating method has been described in JP-A-2001-266045 titled “the ordering and shipping instructing system”. This method is executed to calculate the required supply amount as considering the order unit on the required amount of a part. The planned storage amount (backlog) is added to the calculated required supply amount. The added result is specified as a storage amount.
Then, the required amount is calculated from the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801 and it is specified as a shipping amount (step 5102). The calculating method has been described in JP-A-2001-266045 titled “the ordering and shipping instructing system”. This method is executed to calculate the required amount of a part from the number of schedules on the product level.
Next, about each part, the sum of the storage amount at the concerned period is added to the stock amount at the end of the previous period as indicated in the expression 1. Then, the sum of the shipping amount at the concerned period is subtracted from the added result, for calculating an stock amount at the end of the concerned period (step 5103).
Stocked amount at the end of the concerned period=stock amount at the end of the previous period+Σstorage amount within the concerned period−Σshipping amount within the concerned period (expression 1)
It is checked if the stock amount at the end of the period is calculated about each part. If there exists a part about which it is not calculated, the process goes back to the step 5101 and then process is continued. If there exists no part about which it is not calculated, the process goes to a step 5105 (step 5104).
Then, the process is executed to calculate the stock amount of a product being produced at the last day of the concerned period or the stock amount of an work-in-process product. The target period at which the calculation is to be carried out ranges from the next day of the end day of the concerned period of the product or the work-in-process product to the day when a production lead time has passed since the end of the period. The sum of the planned shipments for this period is specified as the stocked amount of the product or the work-in-process product. It is the stock amount at the end of the period with the work-in-process flag added thereto (step 5105).
Then, it is checked if the stock amount at the end of the period with the work-in-process flag added thereto is calculated about each of all products and work-in-process products. If there exists a product or work in-process product that is not processed, the process goes back to the step 5105 and then the process is continued. If there exists no subassembly or work-in-process, the process goes to a step 5107 (step 5106).
The period at which the calculation is to be done is shifted forward by one (step 5107).
It is checked if the period is out of a calculating range. If not, the process goes back to the step 5101 and then the process is continued. If yes, the stock calculation is terminated (step 5108).
The foregoing operating method is executed to calculate the shipping amount, the storage amount, and the predicted stock (only a quantity).
In turn, the description will be oriented to the calculating process to be executed by the stock sum calculating function 5004 with reference to the flow of
At first, about each part, the stock sum is calculated by the expression indicated by the expression 4. Further, about each product or subassembly, the stock sum is calculated by the expression 5 (step 5601).
Stock sum=planned unit price×stock amount at the end of the period (expression 4)
Stock sum=planned unit price×stock amount at the end of the period (expression 5)
Then, it is checked if the stock sum is calculated about each of all parts, products, and subassembly. If there exists one part, product or subassembly that is not processed, the process goes back to the step 5601 and then the process is continued. If there exists no part, product or subassembly that is not processed, the process goes to a step 5603 (step 5602).
The period at which the calculation is to be carried out (referred to as a calculating period) is shifted forward by one (step 5603).
It is checked if the calculating period is out of the calculation. If not, the process goes back to the step 5601 and then the process is continued. If yes, the process goes to a step 5605 (step 5604).
Next, the process is executed to substitute the schedule category (a new schedule or a scenario in the amended schedule) in the predicted section of the stock prediction (a quantity and a sum) (step 5605).
The calculation to be executed by the stock sum calculating function 5004 is carried out as described above.
In turn, the description will be oriented to the supply schedule draft device 104.
The supply schedule draft function 5701 is executed to calculate the supply schedule draft 120 from the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801 and the required amount calculating master 129. The calculating method has been described in JP-A-2001-266045 titled “the ordering and shipping instructing system”. This calculating method is executed to derive a required amount of a part from the number of schedules on the product level. The supply schedule category at this time is specified as “original”. The term “original” means the first supply schedule automatically calculated by the supply schedule draft device 104 based on the middle-range schedule draft 124 transmitted from the profit-and-loss simulating device 103. On the other hand, if modified by the stock and supply schedule manager, the supply schedule section is specified as “change 1” or “change 2”.
The middle-range schedule per diem dividing function 5702 is inputted with the middle-range schedule draft 125 and is executed to divide each schedule at a unit period of the middle-range schedule draft into the day-based schedules, for calculating the day-based middle-range schedule draft 4801.
The supply schedule change function 5801 includes a function of displaying the quantity of the inputted supply schedule draft 120 on an item basis and a delivery-date basis, a function of optionally changing the quantity of the inputted supply schedule draft 120, and a function of revising the supply schedule about an item to be changed.
In
The measure display function 5802 is inputted with the stock target illustrated in
The foregoing display forms allows the stock target and various kinds of information about the predicted stock to be displayed at a time. Further, the changes of the supply schedule and the prediction section may be executed at a time. Hence, these display forms make it possible to properly and quickly support the decision making of the stock and supply schedule manager.
The foregoing embodiments of the invention makes it possible to quickly convey information between the managerial decision layers and to utilize the predicted result based on the information about the profit and loss and the stock, thereby precisely and properly supporting the decision making of the manager.
It should be further understood by those skilled in the art that although the foregoing description has been made on embodiments of the invention, the invention is not limited thereto and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and the scope of the appended claims.
Number | Date | Country | Kind |
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2002-172200 | Jun 2002 | JP | national |
This application is a divisional of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/382,918, filed Mar. 7, 2003, now abandoned, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Number | Date | Country | |
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Parent | 10382918 | Mar 2003 | US |
Child | 12222144 | US |