The description relates to managing and automatically linking data objects in a scalable object oriented database system.
Conventional data entry systems have been realized as Web applications, such that a user is allowed to generate new objects by clicking on a link. Such a link may direct the user to a web page listing the types of objects that could be generated. The user would then select a link for the type of object and be taken to an editor for a newly generated, empty object. The user would then fill in the necessary information about the new object, including links to existing objects. Setting these links to existing objects often required extensive navigation to find the link target or looking through a long list of existing objects.
Custom applications built within Lotus Notes are similar at least in terms of defining a custom interface where new objects (“documents”) are generated, and sometimes linked to other documents. A discussion forum interface would be another example where a new object or a response is generated from and linked to a previously existing object, the previous message.
In one aspect, in general, the description features a method for managing data objects stored in a data repository and displaying elements associated with data objects on a graphical user interface. The method includes: using reusable logic to provide least one displayed input element associated with a first data object stored in the data repository; in response to user input associated with the displayed input element, generating a second data object stored in the data repository; and linking the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element.
Aspects can include one or more of the following features.
Linking the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element includes linking the second data object with the first data object.
Linking the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element includes linking the second data object with at least one data object related to the first data object through one or more relational links.
The method further includes displaying on the graphical user interface one or more elements associated with one or more data objects stored in the data repository related to the second object through one or more relational links.
The one or more elements associated with the one or more data objects include elements displaying information about which data objects are related to the first data object.
The information includes information about the second data object.
The one or more elements associated with the one or more data objects include input elements for receiving information from a user.
The input elements provide a set of choices from which the user selects to provide the information.
The set of choices is based on the one or more data objects stored in the data repository related to the second object through one or more relational links.
The graphical user interface provides a browser page including the one or more elements associated with the one or more data objects.
The reusable logic is reused to provide at least one displayed input element associated with a third data object stored in the data repository.
The reusable logic is used by a renderer to provide the displayed input element associated with the first data object and the displayed input element associated with the first data object to be rendered on a browser page.
The user input associated with the displayed input element includes a user interaction with the displayed input element.
The method may further include, in response to user input associated with the displayed input element, generating a third data object for storing in the data repository.
A series of screens may be used to collect the user input to generate the second data object.
The first data object may be associated with a dedicated editor.
In another aspect, in general, a computer-readable medium stores a computer program for managing data objects stored in a data repository and displaying elements associated with data objects on a graphical user interface, the computer program including instructions for causing a computer system to: use reusable logic to provide at least one displayed input element associated with a first data object stored in the data repository; in response to user input associated with the displayed input element, generate a second data object stored in the data repository; and link the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element.
In another aspect, in general, a system is provided for managing data objects stored in a data repository and displaying elements associated with data objects on a graphical user interface. The system includes a data storage system providing a data repository storing data objects; at least one output device or port for providing a graphical user interface; and a computer system coupled to the data storage system and the at least one output device or port, including circuitry to use reusable logic to provide at least one displayed input element associated with a first data object stored in the data repository, in response to user input associated with the displayed input element, generate a second data object stored in the data repository, and link the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element.
In another aspect, in general, a system is provided for managing data objects stored in a data repository and displaying elements associated with data objects on a graphical user interface. The system includes means for using reusable logic to provide at least one displayed input element associated with a first data object stored in the data repository; means for generating a second data object stored in the data repository in response to user input associated with the displayed input element; and means for linking the second data object with one or more related data objects in the data repository automatically based on the data object associated with the displayed element.
Aspects can have one or more of the following advantages.
It is advantageous to automatically generate and link richly interconnected metadata in a data repository and support custom workflows that use the data repository as their backing datastore. Further, metadata applications can be built out of the data repository itself.
Other features and advantages of the description will become apparent from the following description, and from the claims.
1 System Overview
The repository 104 preferably is a scalable object-oriented database system designed to support the development and execution of graph-based applications and the interchange of metadata between the graph-based applications and other systems (e.g., other operating systems). In this arrangement, the repository 104 is referred to as Enterprise Meta Environment (EME) and is capable of storing one or more types of metadata, including documentation, record formats (e.g., fields and data types of records in a table), transform functions, graphs, jobs, monitoring information, etc. In particular, the EME 104 may store metadata associated with graph-based computations. In this context, each computer program can be considered as being implemented using a computational graph, also called a dataflow graph, or simply a graph. A graph contains one or more components (or vertices) that may be in communication (e.g., by a flow or edge) to allow data flow. In some arrangements, the graphs can execute in the parallel processing environment 106.
Implemented as a datastore, the EME 104 can track changes in development of graphs, perform statistical and dependence analysis, manage metadata pertaining to the development of graphs, and provide other similar functionality. In general, the storage of graph related metadata allows for data impact analysis, thereby providing a user with a visual sense of how the data is changing in a graph, and the impacts those changes have upon one or more other graphs. Additionally, the EME 104 may permit multiple versions of a graph to be stored, e.g., to track code changes and adjustments during development. The EME 104 also stores data objects that represent actual data to be processed by the computing system 100 including data stored in the external data store 112.
The parallel operating environment 106 accepts a specification of a data flow graph generated in the GDE 102 and generates executable instructions (e.g., computer instructions) that correspond to the processing logic and resources defined by the graph. The parallel operating environment 106 then typically executes those instructions on a plurality of processors (which need not be homogeneous).
The User Interface module 108 provides a browser-based view of the contents of the EME 104. Using the User Interface module 108, a user may browse objects, generate new objects, alter existing objects, etc. For example, the User Interface module 108 may generate browser screens for a user to search for and view objects and information about objects stored in the EME 104.
Metadata stored in the EME 104 may include data objects for graph-based applications including graph components and other functional objects for building computation graphs. One or more types of metadata may also be stored in the EME 104, for example, “technical” metadata (e.g., application-related business rules, record formats, and execution statistics) and “enterprise” or “business” metadata (e.g., user-defined documentation of job functions, roles, and responsibilities) and other similar types may be stored.
The information stored in the EME 104 in the form of data objects enables various kinds of analysis regarding applications and the data processed by those applications. For example, a user can obtain answers to questions about data lineage such as where did a given value come from, how was the output value computed, and which applications produce and depend on the data. A developer can understand the consequences of proposed modifications (e.g., If this component changes, what else will be affected? If this source format changes, which applications will be affected?). A user or developer can also obtain answers to questions involving both technical metadata and business metadata, such as which user or developer groups are responsible for producing and using a particular set of data, or what is the latest update to a specific application.
The EME 104 may also be capable of tracking the status of stored data. For example, multiple versions of one or more data objects may be tracked and stored, thereby making it possible to examine the state of objects over a time period (e.g., over a week, month, or year), and to compare it with the current state of objects. For example, the EME 104 may collect job-tracking, or execution information which enables trend analysis (e.g., How fast is our data growing?) and capacity planning (e.g., How long did that application take to run? How much data did it process, and at what rate? What resources did the application consume? When will we need to add another server?).
A user can view (and optionally, edit) information contained in and associated with the stored data objects through the User Interface module 108. In one implementation, a user can define one or more “Views,” which provide information in a browser page about a relevant subset of the data objects. A “View” is defined using a syntax for selecting one or more data objects based on relationships among those objects.
As shown in
In one arrangement, an element renderer (referred to as “file_upload.py”) can either add a new document to the EME 104 or replace an existing document. Referring to the screenshot shown in
In addition to the visible portions of an HTML form that are displayed in the browser (e.g., the file “browse” control button 302 and the “submit” button 304), hidden information within the HTML form may also be used during submission of a file (or another similar operation). In general, when the button 208 is pressed (via user interactions), regardless of scenario or associated functionality (e.g., the “submit” button 304 in
In this arrangement, EME 104 is an object oriented repository, and includes objects and associated relations. In some examples, a newly generated object may be linked to the object (or multiple objects) corresponding to the browser page being displayed. In other cases, linking to an object (e.g., an existing object) may be determined from information provided to the HTML form. In some examples, objects A and B may be linked in EME 104 (e.g., the link 214), and the link may be displayed as a link on the browser page 206 for navigation. Such techniques provide one or more advantages, for example, the knowledge of which objects to link in the EME 104 can be considered as being determined in an automated manner. Each object within the EME 104 may be stored in a “domain” which contains information about the relations that an object is associated with other objects in the EME 104. When generating one of the links (e.g., link 214) information may be added to the domain that indicates the domain to which the object is associated (e.g., points to). The script 210 may also update the target object's domain, e.g., to record an inverse relation (e.g., that another object points to it). Links such as link 214 could be shown for some or all of the documents that are stored in the EME 104 that relate to a particular object (e.g., object A or B). In some examples, the script 210 may check permissions associated with a user's input to determine whether generation of a new object is permitted, and if not the user can be notified.
In some arrangements, the user may also be directed to a new browser page or a refreshed version of the current page (e.g., page 206) to show the results of the action that has been performed (e.g., effects actions performed by the script 210). In some examples, multiple users may make modifications to the EME 104 approximately simultaneously, thereby causing the refresh to display the changes. In another example, due to the execution of the script 210, a new object (or multiple new objects) may be generated, some attributes may have been set (e.g., via direct user editing), and the new object (or objects) may have been linked to some existing objects. Based upon the refresh, a detailed view of the newly generated object may be displayed. This view may present to the user information that has been supplied by the user when editing the attributes. For example, the view of an object can take advantage of the links between objects to navigate to other objects in the EME 104 and gather additional information. Navigation may include performing a “walk” action from a starting object to another object linked to the starting object (e.g., either “upstream” or “downstream” based on a direction of the link). Multiple walk actions may be performed over successive links to navigate to one or more related objects. As a result of this walking, additional information can be presented to the user after a refresh.
The user may also be directed to a new browser page or refreshed version of the current page 206 to be prompted for additional information to be stored in the EME 104. For example, the user may be prompted to supply information associated with the newly generated object (e.g., object B) or a different object or objects related by navigating over relational links. An advantage of the automatic linking of the newly generated object is that the context of the object can help refine and enhance subsequent interaction with the user. For example, a user may provide input to generate a data object representing an employee on a browser page associated with one of multiple departments of an organization (e.g., based on a data object for the department). Upon refreshing the page, a menu (e.g., a dropdown menu) of choices can be provided for selecting a data object e.g., representing the supervisor of the added employee. If the script 210 automatically links the employee data object to the department data object, the list of choices in the menu can be limited to those existing employees whose data objects are linked to the department data object as members of that department.
The element renderer 204 may be implemented using, for example, a high level computer programming language, such as a python script or Korn shell scripts that are stored in the EME 104. The result of its execution is a fragment of the browser page 206 that is dependent on a View design and can be inserted into the rest of the content generated by the EME browser interface 202. The element renderer 204 may produce HTML for one element of the “View.” In some examples, View elements are configured sequentially using a command-line interface (not shown). The browser page fragment returned by the element renderer 204 may appear to be as simple as a single button 208 in some cases, but in others the page portion may contain other form elements for data entry. The example illustrated in
As mentioned above, when the user clicks to submit the file, the script 210 is typically invoked. The script 210 may be implemented as a python script or in another similar form. In some examples, the actions performed by the script 210 may be performed through the following steps. The script 210 may first generate a new object (e.g., object B 212) within the EME 104 datastore using the command line interface to the EME 104. Referring to the example illustrated in
2 Examples
In one implementation, a button (e.g., button 208) can be displayed on a browser page (e.g., the browser page 206) for any object in the EME 104. When a user clicks the button, a script (e.g., the script 210) may be configured to execute to generate a new note object. The script may also generate a link for the original object (e.g., object A) pointing to the new note object. The new note object that is generated is presumed to be about the original object. In some examples, the new note may not be stored as part of the original object. As such, to find and display this note at a later time, a link or relation between the original and new note objects may be generated. Thereby, browser pages or reports may be designed that display all of the notes relating to the object, or some larger collection of objects. For example, this implementation may be able to provide the feedback that users have entered on objects in a project. Further, a user may be redirected to an editor to enter the text content for the new note object.
In this example, the element render 204 is used to display a form containing a file browse control (e.g., a user selectable file on a computer system for upload to a server) and a button (e.g., the button 208) on a browser page for an EME object. In some examples, the element renderer 204 generates a browser page element that is associated with a unique identifier, and allows multiple file upload forms to be displayed on the same browser page. After the user browses to select a file (e.g., an Excel spreadsheet) relating to an object that is part of a project residing in the EME 104 (and clicks the button), the script 210 is called to load the file into the EME 104 as a new document object. Operations associated with the script 210 may generate a link from the object corresponding to the original browser page to the new document object. Subsequently, the user may be redirected to a browser page for the original object that shows a list of documents to which the object is linked for navigation and reporting purposes.
In one implementation, business rules (e.g., in the form of a subset of metadata) may be stored in the EME 104. Various types and aspects of business rules may be implemented, for example, the rules described in U.S. application Ser. No. 11/733,434, entitled “Editing and Compiling Business Rules” and filed on Apr. 10, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. Each business rule can be stored in a separate EME object. A business rule can be expressed as a set of criteria for converting data from one format to another, making determinations about data, or generating new data based on a set of input data. For example, in
In one particular arrangement, to implement business rules in a graph-based computation environment, a transform 412 may be generated that receives input records, such as record 402, from one or more data sources (e.g., input dataset 400). The transform may insert this information into an output record, e.g., a record 414, which indicates the passenger's name 404 and which group the passenger has been assigned (e.g., a group 418). The record 414 may be correspondingly inserted into an output dataset 420. In this example, the datasets (e.g., dataset 420) are illustrated showing an exemplary record, but in general the datasets may include any number and types of records. In some arrangements, input and output datasets may also be referred to as data streams, for example, as the data (from the datasets) may flow into or out of a graph.
The transforms may be incorporated into graph-based computations having data processing components and that may be connected by linking elements representing data flows. For example, a computation graph 430 illustrated in
In some arrangements, one or more techniques may be used to simplify generation of transforms (e.g., for non-technical users). For example, a tool may be provided for users to input a set of business rules (referred to as a ruleset) in a familiar format that provides a computer system with the one or more transforms to be executed. For example, a ruleset may be considered a set of rules that produce a single transform. A rule may be composed of one or more rule cases that compute different values for the rule's output depending on the input. A rule may also include multiple rules, which may produce values for additional or alternative outputs. A rule set may also contain other rulesets, which may be referred to as “included” rulesets.
For a project in the EME 104, a browser page may list some or all of the rulesets contained in the project. The browser page in this case may display details that are related to a particular object, e.g., a particular project. Projects in EME 104 usually contain various kinds of technical metadata. In this example, the browser page may list all the rulesets that are contained in the project. For each ruleset in the list, a number of buttons or other types of elements may be displayed, for example, through use of the same element renderer 204.
Referring to
In some arrangements, an element renderer (e.g., element renderer 204) may be configured to determine whether a particular button should be displayed based upon one or more permissions associated with a ruleset. For example, a permission may be associated with modifying the ruleset and its current development lifecycle. Referring to the development lifecycles as an example, different phases in that lifecycle may be development (“Dev”), testing (“Test”) and production (“Prod”). So the logic of the element renderer (e.g., element renderer 204) may sequentially step through these three phases (in that particular order). Once the“Prod” phase is reached, the ruleset may not be further promoted. Similarly, in the “Dev” phase the user may not further demote the rule. The element renderer 204 may also pre-calculate confirmation text that can be displayed if the user clicks the button. That is, when the user clicks on one of the buttons, a popup graphic that includes text may be displayed and confirm the action. For example, clicking on the button 502 in the first row may popup a dialog box with text indicative of “Are you sure that you want to Promote Ruleset-1-Dev to Test?” By providing such a display, the user may confirm the action so the probability of accidental changes (from accidental clicks) is reduced.
In addition, when a user clicks one of the buttons, the script 210 is called and makes a copy of the corresponding ruleset. Already populated with content, the ruleset is copied and can be used as a starting point for subsequent changes. Alternatively, the copy may serve as a backup, such that changes may be made to the original. The name for the new copy of the ruleset may be determined based on the original name of the rule and the action. Different names may also be used so that the user can distinguish them later. For example, if the rule name originally ends in “Dev” and it is being promoted, the new rule name might end in “Test”. As mentioned, different activities are being performed on the rule at different stages. When in the “Dev” stage, it can be considered as being modified by a developer. When in the “Test” stage, the rule or ruleset is generally being checked for appropriate behavior and is typically remains unchanged. In the “Prod” stage, the ruleset is being used, for example, for its intended purpose and typically is not changed. Different stages and versions may be necessary because as soon as a ruleset is promoted from “Dev” to “Test”, a developer may start making new changes. Based on the new name, the script 210 may need to update some information that is stored within the ruleset. In some examples, rulesets contain information about the name of the code file (e.g., the transform 412 for a graph in
Referring to
As shown in the figure, a portion of a screen 600, for illustrative purposes, includes fields (e.g., columns) in a dataset (e.g., a table). In this example, a data masking rule (e.g., obfuscation, de-identification, etc.) is defined and may operate upon data associated with the fields. To initiate the process, a graphical representation of a button 602 (labeled “Add Masking Rule”) is selected by a user (through interactions with a pointing device such as a mouse). Upon being selected, a wizard is executed that includes a series of screens. For example, a portion of a first wizard screen 604 may be presented first for collecting user provided information. In this particular example, the wizard screen 604 presents two radio buttons and prompts the user to select the type of masking rule to be produced. Once the selection is made, the user may select a button 606 (labeled “Next”) to transition to the next wizard screen. To terminate the wizard, another button 608 (labeled “Cancel”) may be selected by the user. Next, in this scenario, another wizard screen is presented (as provided by a portion of a screen 610). For this particular screen 610, two radio buttons are presented for the user for selecting whether to create a new rule or to add to an existing rule. Based upon the selections provided by the user, the wizard may determine which particular path (e.g., series of screens) is followed. As such, the wizard may include multiple branched paths (e.g., tree structures) for various user directed scenarios. Similar to the screen 604, the user may select to proceed forward with the wizard by selecting a button 612 (labeled “Next”), move back one screen by selecting a button 614 (labeled “Back”) or halt the wizard by selecting a button 616 (labeled “Cancel”). Upon making the selection, the wizard executes appropriate actions.
Referring to
Referring to
As illustrated in the figure, a screen 800 includes a portion of an edit screen. A field 802 included in the screen (labeled “Key”) has a control that is an edit renderer. In this example, a value (e.g., a numerical value, text, function, etc.) can not be directly entered or edited. Rather, a graphical button 804 may be selected by a user to launch an editor that is associated with the object of the Key field. In this arrangement, a screen 806 presents an exemplary editor 808 that is associated with the Key field and allows user selected information to be associated with the field. In this particular arrangement, the editor 808 is implemented with a software development product, which produces rich internet applications (e.g., user interfaces) for multiple platforms, such as Flex (from Adobe Systems of San Jose, Calif.). In this particular example, the editor 808 provides the user with a set of selectable records 810 and selection tools 812 for identifying data for the Key field 802. Once selected, a graphical button 814 may be selected to return (and provide the selected data) to the previous screen 800.
Referring to
3 Implementation Approaches
Referring to
As mentioned, richly interconnected metadata objects in the EME 104 may be referenced by relational links. In addition to enforcing and maintaining the logic relationships among multiple data objects, the EME 104 also uses a web-browser-based graphical user interface (e.g., interface 202) to display details of a specific data object. In particular, the information within an object is automatically used to generate 1002 a form (e.g., a web form) that may invoke corresponding operations on one or more data objects. This is typically implemented by the element renderer, which is applicable to almost all data objects that reside in EME 104. Upon receiving 604 user input represented by various user interface interactions regarding the data object, the script 210 may translate user input data in the web form to generate 1006 a new data object within the data repository. Rather than merely copying the input data or representing a temporary variable obtain during intermediate computation, this new data object includes contents that may persist in the EME 104. Subsequently, linking 1008 the new data object with one or more related data objects in the EME 104 may be automatically implemented based on the location where the user operation is invoked. As a result of above mentioned objects generation and linking, the browser interface 202 manages contents for display on the graphical user interface and enables the user to see changes in the EME 104 through the interface.
The object generating and linking approach described above can be implemented using software for execution on a computer. For instance, the software forms procedures in one or more computer programs that execute on one or more programmed or programmable computer systems (which may be of various architectures such as distributed, client/server, or grid) each including at least one processor, at least one data storage system (including volatile and non-volatile memory and/or storage elements), at least one input device or port, and at least one output device or port. The software may form one or more modules of a larger program, for example, that provides other services related to the design and configuration of computation graphs. The nodes and elements of the graph can be implemented as data structures stored in a computer readable medium or other organized data conforming to a data model stored in a data repository.
The software may be provided on a medium, such as a CD-ROM, readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer or delivered (encoded in a propagated signal) over a network to the computer where it is executed. All of the functions may be performed on a special purpose computer, or using special-purpose hardware, such as coprocessors. The software may be implemented in a distributed manner in which different parts of the computation specified by the software are performed by different computers. Each such computer program is preferably stored on or downloaded to a storage media or device (e.g., solid state memory or media, or magnetic or optical media) readable by a general or special purpose programmable computer, for configuring and operating the computer when the storage media or device is read by the computer system to perform the procedures described herein. The inventive system may also be considered to be implemented as a computer-readable storage medium, configured with a computer program, where the storage medium so configured causes a computer system to operate in a specific and predefined manner to perform the functions described herein.
A number of embodiments of the description have been described. Nevertheless, it will be understood that various modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the description. For example, some of the steps described above may be order independent, and thus can be performed in an order different from that described. It is to be understood that the foregoing description is intended to illustrate and not to limit the scope of the description, which is defined by the scope of the appended claims. Other embodiments are within the scope of the following claims.
This application is a continuation of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 12/617,422, filed on Nov. 12, 2009, which claims priority to U.S. provisional patent application 61/114,032, filed on Nov. 12, 2008. The entire contents of the above applications are hereby incorporated by reference.
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Parent | 12617422 | Nov 2009 | US |
Child | 15099204 | US |