Information
-
Patent Grant
-
6481829
-
Patent Number
6,481,829
-
Date Filed
Tuesday, September 18, 200122 years ago
-
Date Issued
Tuesday, November 19, 200221 years ago
-
Inventors
-
Original Assignees
-
Examiners
Agents
-
CPC
-
US Classifications
Field of Search
US
- 347 49
- 347 85
- 347 86
- 347 87
- 347 39
-
International Classifications
-
Abstract
A manually actuated spring loaded latch mechanism for releasably securing a printhead cartridge in a carrier of an ink jet printer. A latch cover engages the printhead cartridge and is secured by an actuator. Depressing the actuator releases the latch cover, which is spring biased to an open position. Further movement of the actuator lifts the printhead cartridge.
Description
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention.
The present invention relates to ink jet printers, and, more particularly, to a manually actuated latch mechanism for releasably securing an ink cartridge within a carriage assembly of an ink jet printer.
2. Description of the Related Art.
Ink jet printing involves the ejection of tiny ink droplets through small nozzles in a controlled manner to create the desired image. Ink is supplied from an ink reservoir to a printhead which includes various passage ways from the reservoir to the nozzle orifice. Energy is applied to the ink from an ink droplet generator near each orifice, which may include the application of electrostatic attraction, the application of oscillating forces from piezo elements, the application of heat from heating elements or the like.
Ink jet printers typically include an ink jet cartridge containing the ink reservoir and a nozzle plate containing the nozzle orifices. It is known to provide the ink cartridge on a carriage assembly. The carriage assembly is moved in transverse directions relative to an advance direction of a print medium being transported through the ink jet printer. As the carriage assembly traverses across the print medium, the ink is jetted at selected locations onto the print medium. In the case of a monochrome printer, a single ink is selectably jetted onto the print medium at pixel locations; and, in the case of a multi-color printer, multiple inks are selectively jetted onto a print medium at pixel locations.
It is necessary that the ink cartridge or cartridges be precisely located in the carriage assembly, and it is known to provide datum surfaces on the cartridge and in the carriage to properly reference the cartridge to an exact location. It is also necessary that the cartridge or cartridges be adequately secured in the carriage so that the rapid back and forth movement of the carriage does not cause a cartridge to become unseated.
Since the ink jet cartridge is a consumable item, having a limited supply of ink therein, it is necessary that the cartridge be replaced from time to time. Such replacement should be an intuitive and simple operation, easily performed by non-technically trained individuals.
Various types of latch mechanisms are known and have been used with varying results. Some mechanisms work well in locking and releasing the cartridge, but the cartridge remains difficult to grasp and remove even after the cartridge has been released.
What is needed in the art is a manually actuated latch mechanism for securing in a releasable manner an ink jet cartridge in a carriage assembly which, by simple operation, both releases the latch and unseats the cartridge.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a manually actuated carrier latch mechanism for an ink jet printer that provides a user friendly interface for installing and removing a printhead from a carrier.
The invention comprises, in one form thereof, a latch mechanism for releasably securing a printhead cartridge in a printer. The latch mechanism comprises a cradle for receiving a printhead, the cradle including datum pads against which the printhead is referenced. A latch cover has a pivotal connection to the cradle. The latch cover includes structure for engaging a printhead in two perpendicular planes. An actuator is provided for engaging the latch cover in a closed position. The actuator is adapted for releasing the latch cover by movement of the actuator and for moving a printhead cartridge installed in the cradle by further movement of the actuator.
In another form thereof, the invention provides a printer with a printhead cartridge having a bottom, a top, first and second laterally spaced sides, an inner end and an outer end. The cartridge includes at least one datum pad on the bottom, at least one datum pad on the inner end and at least one datum pad on one of the sides. A carriage is adapted for receiving the cartridge, and includes carriage datum pads for mating with each of the datum pads on the cartridge. Biasing means in the carriage operates against the other side of the cartridge. A latch cover is releasably secured overlying the cartridge top and the outer end. An actuator engages the latch cover in a closed position. The actuator is adapted for releasing the latch cover by movement of the actuator, and for lifting the printhead cartridge by further movement of the actuator.
The invention provides, in still another form thereof, a method of unseating an ink jet cartridge installed in a carriage assembly of an ink jet printer, having steps of providing the carriage assembly with a cartridge cradle, a latch cover pivotally connected to the cradle and an actuator for engaging the latch cover, the actuator being pivotally connected to the cradle; releasing the latch cover by moving the actuator; and moving the printhead by further movement of the actuator.
An advantage of the present invention is providing a user-friendly interface for installation and removal of a printhead cartridge in an ink jet printer.
Another advantage is providing a locking mechanism that promotes proper seating of a printhead cartridge in a printer carriage.
Yet another advantage is providing a mechanism that unlocks a printhead cartridge from a carrier, unseats the cartridge, and repositions the cartridge for easy removal.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The above-mentioned and other features and advantages of this invention, and the manner of attaining them, will become more apparent and the invention will be better understood by reference to the following description of an embodiment of the invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:
FIG. 1
is a perspective view of a portion of an ink jet printer embodying the present invention;
FIG. 2
is a perspective view of a printhead cartridge;
FIG. 3
is a perspective view of a carrier of the present invention;
FIG. 4
is a perspective view of the carrier with two cartridges therein, one cartridge being locked in position and the other being unlocked and unseated;
FIG. 5
is a perspective view of the carrier and one of the cartridges;
FIG. 6
is a perspective view of a latch cover according to the invention;
FIG. 7
is an enlarged view of the area of the latch cover connection to the carrier;
FIG. 8
is an elevational view of the cover, with a side removed, and the cartridge;
FIG. 9
is a perspective view of an actuator of the invention;
FIG. 10
is an enlarged, fragmentary perspective view of the cartridge and carrier,
FIG. 11
is a side view of the carrier and cartridge at an intermediate point during cartridge removal or installation; and
FIG. 12
is a view similar to
FIG. 11
, but at a more advanced point during cartridge removal.
Corresponding reference characters indicate corresponding parts throughout the several views. The exemplification set out herein illustrates one preferred embodiment of the invention, in one form, and such exemplification is not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Referring now to the drawings, and particularly to
FIG. 1
, there is shown a portion of an ink jet printer
10
of the present invention, which generally includes one or more ink jet print cartridge
12
carried by a carriage assembly
14
. Carriage assembly
14
moves back and forth across the printer during normal printing operations to position print head cartridge or cartridges
12
as necessary for the deposit of ink droplets at precise locations on the print medium (not shown). Ink jet cartridge
12
may be of various known constructions and includes one or more chambers for carrying ink therein to be jetted as ink droplets at selected locations on the print medium. In the embodiment shown, two ink jet cartridges
12
are shown, indicated
12
A and
12
B. Cartridge
12
A is assumed to have a single chamber carrying a single ink, and cartridge
12
B is assumed to include multiple chambers carrying different inks for color printing.
Each ink jet cartridge (
FIG. 2
) includes a top
16
, a bottom
18
, an inner end
20
and an outer end
22
. First and second sides
24
and
26
are disposed between top
16
and bottom
18
, and between inner end
20
and outer end
22
. A printhead nozzle plate
28
is provided at bottom
18
.
To properly reference printhead cartridge
12
in printer
10
, as will be described in greater detail hereinafter, a plurality of datum pads are provided as reference surfaces, for positioning purposes. One or more datum pads
30
,
32
,
34
are provided on one of sides
24
and
26
, three such datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
being shown in the drawings. Datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
define a primary datum plane of cartridge
12
.
A secondary datum plane of cartridge
12
is defined by datum pads
36
and
38
on inner end
20
and bottom
18
, respectively. A single datum pad
40
is provided on inner end
20
, for defining a tertiary datum plane of cartridge
12
. Those skilled in the art will understand that more or fewer datum pads may be used to define the primary, second and tertiary datum planes. The three datum planes ensure that the printhead is fully constrained when latched in the carrier, and each of the three planes is perpendicular to the other two planes.
Carriage assembly
14
defines a cradle
50
adapted for receiving and retaining, in suitable nested position therein, each cartridge
12
. Carriage assembly
14
may define one or more cradles
50
and, for example, in a color printer may define two cradles
50
, one for a black ink cartridge
12
A and one for a color ink cartridge
12
B.
FIG. 3
shows a carriage assembly
14
having two cradles
50
, with similar components of each designated with same reference numbers.
Carriage assembly
14
includes a carriage cover
52
, having one or more padded liners
54
and
56
on the inside thereof, one such padded liner
54
,
56
for each cradle
50
. Liners
54
and
56
may be synthetic foam, or the like.
Cradle
50
generally defines a three sided enclosure for receiving cartridge
12
, and includes primary datum plane datum pads
60
,
62
and
64
for mating with datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
of cartridge
12
. Cradle
50
further includes secondary datum plane datum pads
66
,
68
for mating with datum pads
36
and
38
of cartridge
12
. Cradle
50
further includes a tertiary datum plane datum pad
70
for mating with datum pad
40
of cartridge
12
. Thus, by securing cartridge
12
in cradle
50
, with datum pads
30
,
32
,
34
,
36
,
38
and
40
properly referenced against datum pads
60
,
62
,
64
,
66
,
68
and
70
, respectively, cartridge
12
is held in cradle
50
in properly oriented position for operation of printer
10
.
To properly hold cartridge
12
in cradle
50
, biasing force is necessary. To effectuate such biasing force along the primary datum plane defined by datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
mated against datum pads
60
,
62
and
64
, a side bias spring
72
(
FIG. 1
) is provided, operating against cartridge
12
on the side opposite the side including datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
. Thus, as shown in the drawings, datum pads
30
,
32
and
34
are provided on first side
24
of cartridge
12
and bias spring
72
operates against second side
26
of cartridge
12
.
A latch assembly
80
is provided for securing cartridge
12
in cradle
50
, and for providing biasing force along the secondary datum plane defined by datum pads
36
and
38
seated against datum pads
66
and
68
as well as biasing force along the tertiary datum plane defined by datum pad
40
mated against datum pad
70
. Latch mechanism
80
includes a latch cover
82
and an actuator
84
. Cover
82
operates against cartridge top
16
and cartridge outer end
22
, while actuator
84
performs both release and locking functions, as well as a lifting function on cartridge
12
, each to be described in greater detail hereinafter.
Latch cover
82
(
FIG. 6
) includes a latch cover top
86
substantially overlying cartridge top
16
, and a downwardly depending portion
88
generally along outer end
22
of cartridge
12
when latch mechanism
80
is in a closed or locked position as shown in FIG.
1
. Latch cover top
86
is joined to carriage assembly
14
by a pivotal connection
90
at an end of latch cover top
86
opposite the end having downwardly depending portion
88
. While any suitable pivotal connection may be used, the embodiment shown includes a pin
92
extending outwardly on one side of latch cover top
86
and a hole
94
(
FIG. 6
) defined in an opposite side of latch cover top
86
. A complimentary hole
96
and pin
98
are provided on carriage assembly
14
(FIG.
3
), such that pin
92
is received in hole
96
and pin
98
is received in hole
94
.
A latch torsion spring
100
(FIG.
7
), is provided at pivotal connection
90
, for biasing latch cover
82
toward an open position, as shown in FIG.
4
.
On an underside
102
of latch cover top
86
, a plunger
104
is provided. Plunger
104
, shown in an enlarged view of
FIG. 8
, is rotatable and vertically movable, and biased by a spring
106
. Plunger
104
includes a curved, ramp-like surface
108
for mating against a complementary ramp-surface
110
of a body
112
provided on, or as part of, cartridge top
16
. The generally downwardly biasing force of spring
106
on plunger
104
provides the secondary datum plane and tertiary datum plane biasing forces through ramp surfaces
108
and
110
. The curvature of surface
108
assures that the biasing force on surface
110
is normal to, and generally centered on surface
110
.
Downwardly depending portion
88
of latch cover top
86
includes an outwardly extending lip
114
at the lower end thereof, for functioning with actuator
84
, in a manner to be described subsequently herein, to secure latch mechanism
80
in the closed or locked position.
Actuator
84
, shown individually in
FIG. 9
, includes first and second arms
120
and
122
spaced from each other, and provided generally along second side
26
and first side
24
, respectively, of cartridge
12
, near cartridge bottom
18
. Each first arm
120
and second arm
122
includes a first or inner end
124
and
126
, respectively, and a second or outer end
128
and
130
, respectively. First arm
120
is pivotally connected to carriage assembly
14
at a pivot point
132
intermediate first end
124
and second end
128
. A lift bar
136
is disposed between first arm
120
and second arm
122
generally at first end
124
and first end
126
thereof, with lift bar
136
being disposed beneath cartridge
12
. An actuator touch pad
138
is disposed between first arm
120
and second arm
122
generally at second end
128
and second end
130
thereof, respectively. Touch pad
138
is disposed generally outwardly of downwardly depending portion
88
with latch cover
82
in the closed or locked position. Touch pad
138
includes a bottom edge
140
which overlies outwardly extending lip
114
in the locked position of latch cover
82
.
As shown most clearly in
FIG. 9
, first arm
120
is generally step-shaped in side view, having a generally horizontal lower segment
142
and an upper segment
144
joined by a riser
146
. Second arm
122
has a generally vertical inner segment
148
and a generally horizontal outer segment
150
, joined by a curved segment
152
. Pivot
132
is provided generally at a lower portion of riser
146
, between lower segment
142
and upper segment
144
of first arm
120
. Thus, downward pressure on touch pad
138
, causing downward movement thereof, also causes outward movement of touch pad
138
, away from downwardly depending portion
88
. At the same time, first ends
124
and
126
are caused to move upwardly, raising lift bar
136
. An actuator spring
154
is provided, biasing first arm
120
in the upward or locked direction of touch pad
138
. Movement of touch pad
138
is guided by a knob or knobs
156
traveling in a guide bracket
158
.
For removal of a printhead cartridge
12
, from the closed or locked position shown in
FIG. 1
, wherein cartridge
12
is secured in cradle
50
, a user of the device pushes downwardly on touch pad
138
, causing downward and outward movement of pad
138
away from downwardly depending portion
88
of latch cover
82
. From a position in which bottom edge
140
overlaps outwardly extending lip
114
, bottom edge
140
is moved away from lip
114
, as arm
120
is pivoted about pivot point
132
, thus freeing latch cover
82
from engagement with actuator
84
.
FIG. 5
illustrates a time in the procedure just after lip
114
has been released, and latch cover
82
has begun to rise. Latch torsion spring
100
causes latch cover
82
to rotate fully upwardly to an opened position illustrated in FIG.
4
. Padded liners
54
,
56
absorb energy from latch cover
82
striking carriage cover
52
as latch cover
82
is rotated about pivotal connection
90
to a fully opened position.
Continued downward movement of touch pad
138
raises lift bar
136
into engagement against bottom
18
of cartridge
12
(FIG.
11
). Still further downward movement of touch pad
138
lifts cartridge
12
away from its nested position in cradle
50
(FIG.
12
). Thus freed, elevated and exposed, cartridge
12
can be readily grasped for removal from carriage assembly
14
.
It should be noted that upon cessation of downward pressure on touch pad
138
, actuator spring
154
rotates first arm
120
about pivot point
132
, elevating touch pad
138
to the upward position illustrated in FIG.
4
. However, cartridge
12
will remain in its elevated position, as the side biasing force exerted by side bias spring
72
is sufficient to wedge cartridge
12
in the lifted position.
It should be noted further that the stored potential energy in plunger spring
106
operating against plunger
104
, and thereby ramp surface
108
against ramp surface
110
, further assists in elevating cover
82
to its fully opened position. Latch torsion spring
100
will retain latch cover
82
in the elevated or opened position.
For installation of a printhead cartridge
12
, if latch cover
82
has been closed without a cartridge
12
in cradle
50
, touch pad
138
is depressed to release latch cover
82
, allowing latch cover
82
to rotate to its elevated position, as described above. Printhead cartridge
12
is then placed in generally proper position in cradle
50
. Cartridge
12
is properly positioned and seated in cradle
50
by pushing downwardly on latch cover top
86
, causing ramp surfaces
108
and
110
to engage, and, during initial stages, causing depending portion
88
to engage against outer end
22
, thereby pushing cartridge
12
both downwardly and inwardly.
To assist in directing cartridge
12
properly into cradle
50
, cradle
50
includes a plurality of features
160
, such as ramps or transitions, to guide printhead cartridge
12
into and out of its properly seated position. Features
160
provide sliding and directing surfaces for cartridge
12
between its seated position as shown in FIG.
5
and its elevated position as shown in FIG.
4
. To further aid in directing cartridge
12
to a proper nested position, one or more features
160
, may be provided as a V-shaped protuberance
162
received in a V-shaped opening
164
(FIG.
3
). Initially protuberance
162
is received in a wide region of V-shaped opening
164
, and continued downward movement of cartridge
12
directs protuberance
162
downwardly in opening
164
to its final resting position. As illustrated in
FIG. 2
, a bottom surface of protuberance
162
defines datum pad
36
, and the bottom of groove
164
defines datum pad
66
.
As latch cover
82
is pressed to its lower most position, lip
114
slides past touch pad
138
, and specifically bottom edge
140
thereof, until lip
114
is directly beneath bottom edge
140
.
FIG. 5
, previously described as illustrating the position of cover
82
just after lip
114
has been released, also illustrates the cover position just prior to lip
114
sliding past edge
140
, as cartridge
12
is installed. Since actuator spring
154
biases touch pad
138
into the upper or lifted position, as lip
114
is slid past bottom edge
140
, touch pad
138
is biased upwardly and inwardly such that bottom edge
140
overlies lip
114
. Releasing downward pressure on latch cover
82
causes slight upward movement of latch cover
82
by latch torsion spring
100
, and, when a cartridge
12
is installed, by plunger spring
106
through plunger
104
, until lip
114
engages against bottom edge
140
. The combined effect of actuator spring
154
biasing touch pad
138
upwardly and inwardly and latch torsion spring
100
(and plunger spring
106
if a cartridge
12
is installed) biasing latch cover
82
upwardly causes locked engagement of bottom edge
140
against lip
114
.
It should also be noted that, as cartridge
112
is inserted into cradle
50
, and pushed downwardly by latch cover
82
, side biasing spring
72
and continued relative movement of ramp surface
108
along ramp surface
110
by plunger
104
properly mates datum pads
30
,
32
,
34
,
36
,
38
and
40
against datum pads
60
,
62
,
64
,
66
,
68
and
70
.
The present invention provides a user friendly interface for installing and removing a printhead cartridge from a carrier. Spring loading the latch mechanism ensures proper latching of the device upon installation of the cartridge, and facilitates removal of the cartridge by readily opening and lifting the cover away from the installed cartridge. A single movement of the actuator both unlocks or delatches the latch mechanism, and lifts the cartridge to unseat the cartridge and expose the cartridge for ready removal thereof Installation and latching are facilitated by requiring only gross positioning of the cartridge, with final positioning thereof being effectuated by the latch mechanism upon closing of the latch. Locking of the latch mechanism is automatic in performing the closing function.
While this invention has been described as having a preferred design, the present invention can be further modified within the spirit and scope of this disclosure. This application is therefore intended to cover any variations, uses, or adaptations of the invention using its general principles. Further, this application is intended to cover such departures from the present disclosure as come within known or customary practice in the art to which this invention pertains and which fall within the limits of the appended claims.
Claims
- 1. A latch mechanism for releasably securing a printhead cartridge in a printer, said latch mechanism comprising:a cradle for receiving a printhead cartridge, said cradle including datum pads against which the printhead cartridge is referenced; a latch cover having a pivotal connection to said cradle, said latch cover including structure for engaging a printhead cartridge in two perpendicular planes; and an actuator releasably connected to said latch cover, and positioned for engaging said latch cover in a closed position, said actuator adapted for releasing a connection to said latch cover by movement of said actuator and for moving a printhead cartridge installed in said cradle by continued movement of said actuator.
- 2. The latch mechanism of claim 1, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 3. The latch mechanism of claim 1, including a spring biasing said actuator to the closed position.
- 4. The latch mechanism of claim 3, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 5. The latch mechanism of claim 1, said pivotal connection including a pin on one side of said latch cover and said latch cover defining a hole on another side thereof, and said carriage defining a hole for receiving said pin on said latch cover and having a pin for insertion in said hole defined by said latch cover.
- 6. The latch mechanism of claim 1, said latch cover having a top with first and second ends, and a downwardly extending portion, said pivotal connection being disposed at one of said ends and said downwardly extending portion disposed at the other of said ends.
- 7. The latch mechanism of claim 6, said actuator adapted for engaging said downwardly extending portion of said latch cover.
- 8. The latch mechanism of claim 7, said actuator including first and second arms spaced from each other, each of said arms having an arm first end and an arm second end and being pivotally connected to said cradle at points intermediate said arm first end and said arm second end.
- 9. The latch mechanism of claim 8, said actuator including a lift bar disposed between said first and second arms beneath a printhead cartridge received in said cradle.
- 10. The latch mechanism of claim 8, said actuator including a touch pad disposed between said first and second arms outwardly of said latch cover in the closed position.
- 11. The latch mechanism of claim 10, said downwardly extending portion including an outwardly extending lip, and said touch pad including an edge overlying said lip with said latch cover disposed in the closed position.
- 12. The latch mechanism of claim 11, said actuator including a lift bar disposed between said first and second arms beneath a printhead cartridge received in said cradle.
- 13. The latch mechanism of claim 12, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 14. The latch mechanism of claim 12, including a spring biasing said actuator to the closed position.
- 15. The latch mechanism of claim 14, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 16. A printer comprising:a printhead cartridge having a bottom, a top, first and second laterally spaced sides, an inner end and an outer end, said cartridge including at least one datum pad on said bottom, at least one datum pad on said inner end and at least one datum pad on one of said sides; a carriage adapted for receiving said cartridge, and including carriage datum pads for mating with each of said datum pads on said cartridge; biasing means in said carriage operating against the other side of said cartridge; a latch cover releasably secured overlying said cartridge top and said outer end; and an actuator for engaging said latch cover in a closed position, said actuator adapted for releasing said latch cover by movement of said actuator, and for lifting said printhead cartridge by further movement of said actuator.
- 17. The printer of claim 16, said latch cover having a top adapted for engaging said printhead cartridge top with said latch in said closed position, and a downwardly extending portion overlying said printhead cartridge outer end; and said actuator adapted for engaging said downwardly extending portion of said latch cover.
- 18. The printer of claim 17, said downwardly extending portion including an outwardly extending lip, and said actuator including an edge overlying said lip with said latch cover in the closed position.
- 19. The printer of claim 17, said actuator including first and second arms spaced from each other, each of said arms having an arm first end and an arm second end and being pivotally connected to said carrier at points intermediate said arm first end and said arm second end.
- 20. The printer of claim 19, said actuator including a lift bar disposed between said first and second arms beneath said printhead cartridge.
- 21. The printer of claim 20, said actuator including a touch pad disposed between said first and second arms outwardly of said latch cover in the closed position.
- 22. The printer of claim 21, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 23. The printer of claim 21, including a spring biasing said actuator to the closed position.
- 24. The printer of claim 23, including a spring biasing said latch cover to an open position.
- 25. The printer of claim 16, including guide surfaces on said cartridge and in said carriage for directing said cartridge between a final nested position in said carriage and an exposed position.
- 26. The printer of claim 25, said guide surfaces including a V-shaped protuberance and a V-shaped notch for receiving said protuberance.
- 27. The printer of claim 16, including a spring biased plunger operating between said printhead cartridge top and said latch cover.
- 28. The printer of claim 27, said printhead cartridge including a surface for engagement with said plunger, and said plunger having a curved surface directing biasing force substantially normal to and centered on said cartridge surface.
- 29. A method of unseating an ink jet cartridge installed in a carriage assembly of an ink jet printer, comprising the steps of:providing the carriage assembly with a cartridge cradle, a latch cover pivotally connected to the cradle and an actuator for releasably engaging the latch cover, the actuator being pivotally connected to the cradle; releasing the latch cover by depressing the actuator; and moving the cartridge by continued depressing of the actuator.
- 30. The method of claim 29, further including the step of biasing the cover toward an open position with a spring.
- 31. The method of claim 29, including biasing the actuator toward a closed position with a spring.
- 32. The method of claim 29, wherein said step of moving the cartridge includes lifting the cartridge with a bar beneath the cartridge.
US Referenced Citations (35)