Patent Grant
12131003
Social media applications implement computer-mediated technologies allowing for the creating and sharing of content that communicates information, ideas, career interests, and other forms of expression via virtual communities and networks. Social media platforms use web-based technologies, desktop computers, and mobile technologies (e.g., smart phones and tablet computers) to create highly interactive platforms through which individuals, communities, and organizations can share, co-create, discuss, and modify user-generated content or pre-made content posted online.
Mobile electronic devices on which end-user social media applications can be executed typically provide geolocation services that determine the geographic location of the mobile electronic device, by extension indicating the geographic location of the associated user. Social media content posted by users is often geo-tagged based on the geolocation of a mobile electronic device (such as a mobile phone) by use of which the social media content is captured and/or posted to the social media platform. In other embodiments, social media content may explicitly be geo-tagged by a user using a computer device that does not have activated geolocation services and/or that is not a mobile device (such as a desktop PC).
In many social media platforms, the total number of individual social media items that are available for viewing by any particular user can be very large. Search mechanisms that enable users to locate social media content that may be of interest to them can consume significant server-side resources and often provide less than satisfactory search results.
Some aspects of the disclosure are illustrated in the appended drawings. Note that the appended drawings illustrate example embodiments of the present disclosure and cannot be considered as limiting the scope of the disclosure.
The headings provided herein are merely for convenience and do not necessarily affect the scope or meaning of the terms used.
One aspect of the disclosure provides a geographical map-based graphical user interface (GUI) for a social media platform or application, to allow user access via the map-based GUI to ephemeral social media content. Such an interface is also referred to herein as a “map GUI.”
As will be described in greater detail below, ephemeral social media content comprises social media items that are available for viewing via the social media application for only a limited period. For example, an ephemeral social media item or message (also referred to herein as a “snap”) submitted by a user to the social media application may be available for viewing by other users via the map GUI of the social media application for only a predefined period subsequent to submission. In one example embodiment, each ephemeral item or snap has an availability lifetime (also referred to herein as a “gallery participation timer”) of 24 hours after submission, after which the ephemeral item “disappears” and is no longer available for viewing by other users via the map GUI. Such ephemeral social media items (also referred to herein as ephemeral messages) typically comprise photographic or video content, which may be submitted with or without augmentations made by the user to the underlying photographic or video content.
Ephemeral messages submitted by multiple different users may be available on a map forming part of the map GUI based at least in part on respective location information (e.g., geotag information) of the ephemeral messages. In some embodiments, the map GUI may provide location-based access to one or more collections of ephemeral social media items (also known as and referred to herein as galleries or “stories”). In some example embodiments, a plurality of ephemeral messages submitted by different users are included in a common geo-anchored gallery or story based at least in part on respective geotagging information of the plurality of ephemeral messages. Such a location-based gallery or story is in some embodiments represented on the map GUI by a respective gallery icon displayed at a corresponding map location, the gallery icon being selectable by the user to trigger automated sequential display of the plurality of ephemeral messages in the gallery on the user device on which the map GUI is rendered.
These and additional aspects of the disclosure will be described below with reference to specific example embodiments. First, platform architecture and a technical background to implementation of the various embodiments will be described with reference to
The description that follows includes systems, methods, devices, techniques, instruction sequences, and computing machine program products that embody illustrative embodiments of the disclosure. In the following description, for the purposes of explanation, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide an understanding of various embodiments of the inventive subject matter. It will be evident, however, to those skilled in the art, that embodiments of the disclosed subject matter may be practiced without these specific details. In general, well-known instruction instances, protocols, structures, and techniques are not necessarily shown in detail.
System Architecture and Operating Environment
The social media platform system 100 includes multiple client devices 102, each of which hosts a number of applications including a social media client application 104. Each social media client application 104 is communicatively coupled to other instances of the social media client application 104 and a social media application server system 108 via a network 106 (e.g., the Internet).
Accordingly, each social media client application 104 is able to communicate and exchange data with another social media client application 104 and with the social media application server system 108 via the network 106. The data exchanged between social media client applications 104, and between a social media client application 104 and the social media application server system 108, includes functions (e.g., commands to invoke functions) as well as payload data (e.g., text, audio, video, or other multimedia data).
The social media application server system 108 provides server-side functionality via the network 106 to a particular social media client application 104. While certain functions of the social media platform system 100 are described herein as being performed by either a social media client application 104 or by the social media application server system 108, it will be appreciated that the location of certain functionality either within the social media client application 104 or the social media application server system 108 is a design choice. For example, it may be technically expedient to initially deploy certain technology and functionality within the social media application server system 108, but to later migrate this technology and functionality to the social media client application 104 where a client device 102 has a sufficient processing capacity.
The social media application server system 108 supports various services and operations that are provided to the social media client application 104. Such operations include transmitting data to, receiving data from, and processing data generated by the social media client application 104. This data may include message content, client device information, geolocation information, media annotations and overlays, message content persistence conditions, social network information, and live event information, as examples. Data exchanges within the social media platform system 100 are invoked and controlled through functions available via user interfaces (UIs) of the social media client application 104.
Turning now specifically to the social media application server system 108, an application programming interface (API) server 110 is coupled to, and provides a programmatic interface to, an application server 112. The application server 112 is communicatively coupled to a database server 118, which facilitates access to a database 120 in which is stored data associated with messages processed by the application server 112.
Dealing specifically with the API server 110, this server receives and transmits message data (e.g., commands and message payloads) between the client device 102 and the application server 112. Specifically, the API server 110 provides a set of interfaces (e.g., routines and protocols) that can be called or queried by the social media client application 104 in order to invoke functionality of the application server 112. The API server 110 exposes various functions supported by the application server 112, including account registration; login functionality; the sending of messages, via the application server 112, from a particular social media client application 104 to another social media client application 104; the sending of media files (e.g., images or video) from a social media client application 104 to a social media server application 114, for possible access by another social media client application 104; the setting of a collection of media data (e.g., a story or gallery); the retrieval of such collections; the retrieval of a list of friends of a user of a client device 102; the retrieval of messages and content; the adding and deletion of friends to and from a social graph; the location of friends within a social graph; opening an application event (e.g., relating to the social media client application 104); and so forth.
The application server 112 hosts a number of applications and subsystems, including the social media server application 114, an image processing system 116, and a social network system 122. The social media server application 114 implements a number of message processing technologies and functions, particularly related to the aggregation and other processing of content (e.g., textual and multimedia content) included in messages received from multiple instances of the social media client application 104. As will be described in further detail, the text and media content from multiple sources may be aggregated into collections of content (e.g., called “stories” or “galleries”). These collections are then made available, by the social media server application 114, to the social media client application 104. Other processor- and memory-intensive processing of data may also be performed server-side by the social media server application 114, in view of the hardware requirements for such processing.
The application server 112 also includes the image processing system 116, which is dedicated to performing various image processing operations, typically with respect to images or video received within the payload of a message at the social media server application 114.
The social network system 122 supports various social networking functions and services, and makes these functions and services available to the social media server application 114. To this end, the social network system 122 maintains and accesses an entity graph 304 (described below with reference to
The ephemeral timer system 202 is responsible for enforcing the temporary access to content permitted by the social media client application 104 and the social media server application 114. To this end, the ephemeral timer system 202 incorporates a number of timers that, based on duration and display parameters associated with a message, or collection/gallery of messages (e.g., a SNAPCHAT story), selectively display and enable access to messages and associated content via the social media client application 104. Further details regarding the operation of the ephemeral timer system 202 are provided below.
The collection management system 204 is responsible for managing collections of media (e.g., collections of text, image, video, and audio data). In some examples, a collection of content (e.g., messages, including images, video, text, and audio) may be organized into an “event gallery” or an “event story.” Such a collection may be made available for a specified time period, such as the duration of an event to which the content relates, or until expiry of a last message or snap in the gallery. For example, content relating to a music concert may be made available as a “story” for the duration of that music concert. The collection management system 204 may also be responsible for publishing an icon that provides notification of the existence of a particular collection to the user interface of the social media client application 104. As will be described in greater detail with reference to the specific example embodiments that follow, the collection management system 204 may also be responsible for compiling and managing multiple location-based social media galleries based at least in part on geo-tag data of social media items or messages uploaded to the social media platform by multiple users. Other types of galleries that may be provided by the collection management system 204 include a “place story” that collects ephemeral messages having geotag data indicating a location within a predefined associated geographical area; and an ad-hoc story or spike story that is dynamically surfaced on a map GUI as described herein based on underlying location-based social media activity. e.g., based on geo-temporal volume or anomality/unusualness of social media items submitted by users for public consumption (e.g., for inclusion in a “Live Story” or “Our Story”). With “anomality” is meant is metric indicating a how anomalous something is.
The collection management system 204 furthermore includes a curation interface 208 that allows a human operator (e.g., a collection manager) to manage and curate a particular collection of content. For example, the curation interface 208 enables an event organizer to curate a collection of content relating to a specific event (e.g., to delete inappropriate content or redundant messages). Instead, or in addition, the collection management system 204 may employ machine vision (or image recognition technology), geotag data, and/or content rules to automatically compile and/or curate a content collection. In certain embodiments, compensation may be paid to a user for inclusion of user-generated content into a collection. In such cases, the curation interface 208 operates to automatically make payments to such users for the use of their content.
The annotation system 206 provides various functions that enable a user to annotate or otherwise augment, modify, or edit media content associated with a message. For example, the annotation system 206 provides functions related to the generation and publishing of media overlays for messages processed by the social media platform system 100. The annotation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay (e.g., a SNAPCHAT filter) to the social media client application 104 based on a geolocation of the client device 102. In another example, the annotation system 206 operatively supplies a media overlay to the social media client application 104 based on other information, such as social network information of the user of the client device 102. A media overlay may include audio and visual content and visual effects. Examples of audio and visual content include pictures, texts, logos, animations, and sound effects. An example of a visual effect includes color overlaying. The audio and visual content or the visual effects can be applied to a media content item (e.g., a photo) at the client device 102. For example, the media overlay includes text that can be overlaid on top of a photograph taken by the client device 102. In another example, the media overlay includes an identification of a location overlay (e.g., Venice Beach), a name of a live event, or a name of a merchant overlay (e.g., Beach Coffee House). In another example, the annotation system 206 uses the geolocation of the client device 102 to identify a media overlay that includes the name of a merchant at the geolocation of the client device 102. The media overlay may include other indicia associated with the merchant. The media overlays may be stored in the database 120 and accessed through the database server 118.
In one example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides a user-based publication platform that enables users to select a geolocation on a map, and upload content associated with the selected geolocation. The user may also specify circumstances under which a particular media overlay should be offered to other users. The annotation system 206 generates a media overlay that includes the uploaded content and associates the uploaded content with the selected geolocation.
In another example embodiment, the annotation system 206 provides a merchant-based publication platform that enables merchants to select a particular media overlay associated with a geolocation via a bidding process. For example, the annotation system 206 associates the media overlay of a highest-bidding merchant with a corresponding geolocation for a predefined amount of time
The database 120 includes message data stored within a message table 314. An entity table 302 stores entity data, including an entity graph 304. Entities for which records are maintained within the entity table 302 may include individuals, corporate entities, organizations, objects, places, events, etc. Regardless of type, any entity regarding which the social media application server system 108 stores data may be a recognized entity. Each entity is provided with a unique identifier, as well as an entity type identifier (not shown).
The entity graph 304 furthermore stores information regarding relationships and associations between entities. Such relationships may be social, professional (e.g., work at a common corporation or organization), interested-based, or activity-based, merely for example.
The database 120 also stores annotation data, including in the example form of filters, in an annotation table 312. Filters for which data is stored within the annotation table 312 are associated with and applied to videos (for which data is stored in a video table 310) and/or images (for which data is stored in an image table 308). Filters, in one example, are overlays that are displayed as overlaid on an image or video during presentation to a recipient user. Filters may be of various types, including user-selected filters from a gallery of filters presented to a sending user by the social media client application 104 when the sending user is composing a message. Other types of filters include geolocation filters (also known as geo-filters), which may be presented to a sending user based on geographic location. For example, geolocation filters specific to a neighborhood or special location may be presented within a user interface by the social media client application 104, based on geolocation information determined by a Global Positioning System (GPS) unit of the client device 102. Another type of filter is a data filter, which may be selectively presented to a sending user by the social media client application 104, based on other inputs or information gathered by the client device 102 during the message creation process. Examples of data filters include a current temperature at a specific location, a current speed at which a sending user is traveling, a battery life for a client device 102, or the current time.
Other annotation data that may be stored within the image table 308 is so-called “lens” data. A “lens” may be a real-time special effect and sound that may be added to an image or a video.
Yet further annotation data that may be stored within the annotation table 312 is user-generated annotations or augmentations provided by the user to overlay an underlying photographic image or video. Such augmentations/annotations can include, for example, text annotations and drawing annotations or augmentations provided by the user, e.g., via a client device touchscreen.
As mentioned above, the video table 310 stores video data which, in one embodiment, is associated with messages for which records are maintained within the message table 314. Similarly, the image table 308 stores image data associated with messages for which message data is stored in the message table 314. The entity table 302 may associate various annotations from the annotation table 312 with various images and videos stored in the image table 308 and the video table 310.
A story table 306 stores data regarding collections of messages and associated image, video, or audio data, which are compiled into a collection (e.g., a SNAPCHAT story or a gallery). The creation of a particular collection may be initiated by a particular user (e.g., any user for whom a record is maintained in the entity table 302). A user may create a “personal story” in the form of a collection of content that has been created and sent/broadcast by that user. To this end, the user interface of the social media client application 104 may include an icon that is user selectable to enable a sending user to add specific content to his or her personal story. In the context of this description, such messages and stories/galleries are understood to be for private consumption, being limited for viewing via the social media application to particular users identified by the submitting user or to users who are members of a social network of the submitting user. This is to be contrasted with social media items provided for public or non-private consumption via the social media application, not being limited to a user-specific or user-specified subset of all users of the social media application. An example of a publicly viewable collection or gallery is a “Live Story” or “Our Story.”
As mentioned, a collection may also constitute a “Live Story.” which is a collection of content from multiple users that is created manually, automatically, or using a combination of manual and automatic techniques. For example, a “Live Story” may constitute a curated stream of user-submitted content from various locations and events. Users whose client devices have location services enabled and are at a common event location at a particular time may, for example, be presented with an option, via a user interface of the social media client application 104, to contribute content to a particular Live Story. The Live Story may be identified to the user by the social media client application 104, based on his or her location. The end result is a “Live Story” told from a community perspective. In accordance with some example embodiments of this disclosure, a submitting user can submit social media items or messages to a non-specific common Live Story. Such content is accessible to other users via a map-based graphical user interface, with such social media items or messages being accessible via the map GUI based on a respective location indicated by corresponding geo-tag data, either by forming part of a location-based gallery or story, or by such other users using location-based search mechanisms forming part of the map GUI.
A further type of content collection is known as a “location story.” which enables a user whose client device 102 is located within a specific geographic location (e.g., on a college or university campus) to contribute to a particular collection. In some embodiments, a contribution to a location story may require a second degree of authentication to verify that the end user belongs to a specific organization or other entity (e.g., is a student on the university campus). In some embodiments of this disclosure, a message uploaded to a Live Story or Our Story generally, without the user specifying a particular location story in which the message is to be included, can automatically or semi-automatically be included in a location story based at least in part on geo-tag data of the message.
A map tile table 320 stores multiple map tiles that can be used for presenting a map in a map viewport of a map-based GUI, according to some embodiments of this disclosure. In a particular example embodiment, each map view is composed of 9 or 16 map tiles stitched together. A plurality of sets of map tiles may be maintained for different map zoom levels. In some example embodiments, a superset of map tiles is maintained server-side, being forwarded to a requesting client device 102 for composing a map representation of specific requested areas.
A user location table 326 stores current or most recent user location data for multiple users of the social media application. The user location data may be based on location data received from respective client devices 102 associated with the respective users. Such user location data is in some example embodiments used to display in a map-based GUI respective locations of a plurality of users who form part of the social network of the requesting user and/or who have provided permission for the requesting user to view their locations. Each such user may be represented on a map forming part of the map GUI by a respective user icon or bitmoji.
A message identifier 402: a unique identifier that identifies the message 400.
A message text payload 404: text, to be generated by a user via a user interface of the client device 102 and that is included in the message 400.
A message image payload 406: image data, captured by a camera component of a client device 102 or retrieved from memory of a client device 102, and that is included in the message 400.
A message video payload 408: video data, captured by a camera component or retrieved from a memory component of the client device 102 and that is included in the message 400.
A message audio payload 410: audio data, captured by a microphone or retrieved from the memory component of the client device 102, and that is included in the message 400.
A message annotation 412: annotation data (e.g., filters, stickers, or other enhancements) that represents annotations to be applied to the message image payload 406, message video payload 408, or message audio payload 410 of the message 400.
A display duration parameter 414: a parameter value indicating, in seconds, the amount of time for which content of the message (e.g., the message image payload 406, message video payload 408, and message audio payload 410) is to be presented or made accessible to a user via the social media client application 104. The display duration parameter 414 is also referred to herein as a “display duration timer.”
A message geolocation parameter 416: geolocation data or geo-tag data (e.g., latitudinal and longitudinal coordinates) associated with the content payload of the message 400. Multiple message geolocation parameter 416 values may be included in the payload, each of these parameter values being associated with respective content items included in the content (e.g., a specific image within the message image payload 406, or a specific video in the message video payload 408).
A message story identifier 418: identifier values identifying one or more content collections (e.g., “stories”) with which a particular content item in the message image payload 406 of the message 400 is associated. For example, multiple images within the message image payload 406 may each be associated with multiple content collections using identifier values. An example of such a message story identifier 418 can in some embodiments comprise one or more thumbnail images.
A message tag 420: each message 400 may be tagged with multiple tags, each of which is indicative of the subject matter of content included in the message payload. For example, where a particular image included in the message image payload 406 depicts an animal (e.g., a lion), a tag value may be included within the message tag 420 that is indicative of the relevant animal. Tag values may be generated manually, based on user input, or may be automatically generated using, for example, image recognition.
A message sender identifier 422: an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 on which the message 400 was generated and from which the message 400 was sent.
A message receiver identifier 424: an identifier (e.g., a messaging system identifier, email address, or device identifier) indicative of a user of the client device 102 to which the message 400 is addressed.
The contents (e.g., values) of the various components of the message 400 may be pointers to locations in tables within which content data values are stored. For example, an image value in the message image payload 406 may be a pointer to (or address of) a location within an image table 308. Similarly, values within the message video payload 408 may point to data stored within a video table 310, values stored within the message annotation 412 may point to data stored in an annotation table 312, values stored within the message story identifier 418 may point to data stored in a story table 306, and values stored within the message sender identifier 422 and the message receiver identifier 424 may point to user records stored within an entity table 302.
An ephemeral message 502 is shown to be associated with a display duration parameter 506, the value of which determines an amount of time that the ephemeral message 502 will be displayed to a receiving user of the ephemeral message 502 by the social media client application 104. In one embodiment, where the social media client application 104 is a SNAPCHAT client application, an ephemeral message 502 is viewable by a receiving user for up to a maximum of 10 seconds, depending on the amount of time that the sending user specifies using the display duration parameter 506. In some embodiments, the system automatically attaches a default display duration parameter 506 to photographic or still-image messages, e.g., having a default display duration of 5 seconds. The display duration parameter 506 of video-based messages may automatically correspond to the duration of the underlying video, with an automatically enforced upper limit. Thus, in an example embodiment in which an upper limit of 10 seconds is enforced, a 7-second video message will have a display duration parameter of 7 seconds.
The display duration parameter 506 and the message receiver identifier 424 are shown to be inputs to a message timer 512, which is responsible for determining the amount of time that the ephemeral message 502 is shown to a particular receiving user identified by the message receiver identifier 424. In particular, the ephemeral message 502 will only be shown to the relevant receiving user for a time period determined by the value of the display duration parameter 506. The message timer 512 is shown to provide output to a more generalized ephemeral timer system 202, which is responsible for the overall timing of display of content (e.g., an ephemeral message 502) to a receiving user.
The ephemeral message 502 is shown in
As alluded to above, each ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story 504 has an associated story participation parameter 510 (also referred to herein as a “gallery participation parameter” or a “gallery participation timer”), a value of which determines the duration of time for which the ephemeral message 502 will be accessible within the context of the ephemeral message story 504. Accordingly, a particular ephemeral message 502 may “expire” and become inaccessible within the context of the ephemeral message story 504, prior to the ephemeral message story 504 itself expiring in terms of the story duration parameter 508. The story duration parameter 508, story participation parameter 510, and message receiver identifier 424 each provide input to a story timer 514, which operationally determines, first, whether a particular ephemeral message 502 of the ephemeral message story 504 will be displayed to a particular receiving user, and, if so, for how long. Note that the ephemeral message story 504 is also aware of the identity of the particular receiving user as a result of the message receiver identifier 424.
Accordingly, the story timer 514 in some embodiments operationally controls the overall lifespan of an associated ephemeral message story 504, as well as an individual ephemeral message 502 included in the ephemeral message story 504. In one embodiment, each and every ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story 504 remains viewable and accessible for a time period specified by the story duration parameter 508. In a further embodiment, a certain ephemeral message 502 may expire, within the context of the ephemeral message story 504, based on a story participation parameter 510. Note that a respective display duration parameter 506 may still determine the duration of time for which a particular ephemeral message 502 is displayed to a receiving user upon replay of the ephemeral message 502, even within the context of the ephemeral message story 504. Accordingly, the display duration parameter 506 determines the duration of time that a particular ephemeral message 502 is displayed to a receiving user, regardless of whether the receiving user is viewing that ephemeral message 502 inside or outside the context of an ephemeral message story 504.
The ephemeral timer system 202 may furthermore operationally remove a particular ephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504 based on a determination that it has exceeded an associated story participation parameter 510. For example, when a sending user has established a story participation parameter 510 of 24 hours from posting, the ephemeral timer system 202 will remove the relevant ephemeral message 502 from the ephemeral message story 504 after the specified 24 hours. The ephemeral timer system 202 also operates to remove an ephemeral message story 504 either when the story participation parameter 510 for each and every ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story 504 has expired, or when the ephemeral message story 504 itself has expired in terms of the story duration parameter 508. Note that in this disclosure, at least some ephemeral messages 502 may be submitted by the user to the social media application for general or public viewing via the map-based GUI, without being included by the user in any particular event gallery and without being included in any location-based gallery represented by a respective gallery icon on the map GUI. Such ephemeral messages 502 in some embodiments also have respective story participation parameters 510 specifying time periods for which the ephemeral messages 502 are accessible via the map GUI as part of a collective Live Story or Our Story, as described with reference to specific example embodiments below. In a particular example embodiment, each ephemeral message 502 thus submitted for public or non-private view has a default gallery participation parameter or story participation parameter 510 of 24 hours. Such ephemeral messages 502 are thus viewable via the map GUI for only 24 hours after submission.
In certain use cases, a creator of a particular ephemeral message story 504 may specify an indefinite story duration parameter 508. In this case, the expiration of the story participation parameter 510 for the last remaining ephemeral message 502 within the ephemeral message story 504 will determine when the ephemeral message story 504 itself expires. In this case, a new ephemeral message 502, added to the ephemeral message story 504, with a new story participation parameter 510, effectively extends the life of an ephemeral message story 504 to equal the value of the story participation parameter 510.
In response to the ephemeral timer system 202 determining that an ephemeral message story 504 has expired (e.g., is no longer accessible), the ephemeral timer system 202 communicates with the social media platform system 100 (and, for example, specifically the social media client application 104) to cause an indicium (e.g., an icon) associated with the relevant ephemeral message story 504 to no longer be displayed within a user interface of the social media client application 104. Similarly, when the ephemeral timer system 202 determines that the story participation parameter 510 for a particular ephemeral message 502 has expired, the ephemeral timer system 202 causes the social media client application 104 to no longer display an indicium (e.g., an icon or textual identification) associated with the ephemeral message 502.
Example Embodiments of Map GUI Functionality
First, various aspects and features of the disclosure will be described conceptually with respect to specific example embodiments discussed with reference to and illustrated in
Basic Map GUI Architecture
As mentioned, the map GUI 612 includes a number of different user-selectable icons or UI elements that indicate different geographically based content or information. In this example embodiment, the map GUI 612 includes a plurality of different gallery icons, also referred to in this description as “story icons.” Each story icon corresponds in location on the map 618 to a respective location-based social media gallery or collection, in this example embodiment corresponding to a location-based story of ephemeral messages in the example form of so-called “snaps,” as discussed elsewhere herein. Each of these stories that are represented by respective story icons on the map 618 consists of a respective set of snaps (respectively comprising augmented or unaugmented photographic or video content) that are grouped together based at least in part on respective geo-tag data associated with respective snaps.
In the example embodiment of
Message and/or Story Ephemerality
In this example embodiment, the social media items that are selectively playable by selection of the corresponding story icons 631, 633 in the map GUI 612 are ephemeral social media items or messages. As described previously, ephemeral content is social media content (e.g., augmented and/or unaugmented video clips, pictures, and/or other messages) that is available for viewing by social media users via the map GUI 612 for only a predetermined limited period, also referred to herein as a respective gallery participation parameter or timer. After expiry of a respective gallery participation parameter or timer for any ephemeral message or snap uploaded by a particular user, that ephemeral message or snap is no longer available for viewing by other users via the map GUI 612 generated on their respective client devices 102. Current examples of such ephemeral social media content include the respective snaps or messages included in so-called “stories” in the SNAPCHAT or the INSTAGRAM social media applications.
Instead of, or in addition to, management of ephemerality on a per-snap level using respective gallery participation timers, availability of the ephemeral messages by the map GUI 612 can in some instances be managed collectively. e.g., on a per-story level. In such instances, each story can have a respective story duration parameter 508 (e.g., being based on a corresponding story timer 514—see
Story Playback
The user can select any one of the gallery icons 631, 633 by haptic contact with the touchscreen 606 at the on-screen location of the selected gallery icon 631/633. In response to such selection, automated sequential playback of the corresponding set of ephemeral messages or snaps in the selected story is performed by the client device 102 on the touchscreen 606. Such automated sequential playback of the selected story consists of:
In some embodiments, not all of the snaps in a particular story/gallery are necessarily included in the replay sequence. For example, if there are many overlapping snaps (e.g., snaps showing substantially identical content), some of those snaps are automatically skipped to keep a continuous narrative and not repeat some sections of an event commonly captured by the different snaps. Instead, or in addition, the social media server application 114 can in some embodiments be programmed automatically to identify and curate overlapping or contemporaneous snaps based on timestamp information associated with respective snaps.
In this example embodiment, the snaps automatically collected together in a replayable spike story or place story are arranged automatically to be played back in chronological order based on respective timestamps (e.g., being played in sequence from oldest to newest or earliest posted to most recently posted). A benefit of such chronological playback is that viewing of the story provides a user with sequentially arranged views of events transpiring at the relevant location. In some instances, however, a human curator may choose to rearrange snaps out of chronological order, for example to improve the narrative flow of the story. In other embodiments, the snaps may be played in reverse chronological order, from newest to oldest.
It can thus be seen that the example map GUI 612 includes multiple location-based gallery icons in the example form of story icons 631, 633 that are user-selectable to trigger playback of respective collections of ephemeral social media items, in this example embodiment being respective ephemeral stories consisting of respective sets of ephemeral messages (also referred to in this description as “snaps”). In this example embodiment, each of the plurality of location-based stories represented by the respective story icons 631, 633 may comprise media content contributed by multiple different users.
Our Story and Publication of Ephemeral Messages to Our Story
The respective ephemeral stories are in this example embodiment compiled from ephemeral messages submitted by multiple users based at least in part on geo-tagging of the respective snaps. Note that the ephemeral messages made available for viewing via the map GUI 612 are in this example embodiment not limited to content provided by other users who are members of an in-application social network of the user on whose client device 102 the map GUI 612 is generated. Instead, the social media content to which the map GUI 612 allows access is in this example embodiment provided by snaps uploaded or submitted by any user to be publicly accessible via the map GUI 612.
One aspect of the example map GUI 612 provides for the functionality for users to submit social media content that is publicly viewable via the map GUI 612. Turning briefly to
In this example embodiment, snaps can be captured via the map GUI 612 while the map viewport 621 is displayed (as seen in
In other example embodiments described herein, the superset of ephemeral messages made available by multiple users for public viewing via the map GUI 612 is alternatively referred to as the “Live Story” or simply as a “Live” gallery. For the purposes of the description of example embodiments herein, “Live Story” and “Our Story” are thus to be read as being synonymous. In the present example embodiment, the compilation and/or surfacing of gallery icons 631, 633 and the rendering of the heatmap 625 are based exclusively on publicly available social media content provided by snaps uploaded to Our Story. Calculation of metrics or attributes of social media activity upon which one or more aspects of the map GUI 612 are based (e.g., an unusualness or anomality metric indicating geo-temporal unusualness or anomality of social media activity within respective geographical areas) is in this example embodiment likewise based exclusively on snaps uploaded to Our Story.
Visual Distinctions Between Story Icons for Different Story Types
Returning now to the visual distinctions or differences between the different types of gallery icons 631, 633, it will be noted that each gallery icon 631/633 in this example embodiment comprises a circular graphical user interface element bearing a thumbnail image provided by the one of the snaps contained in the respective story. Each place icon 631, however, also includes an associated label 635 bearing a text indication of the associated place. In this example embodiment, the labels 635 indicate the respective places of the place stories surfaced in the geographic window presently displayed in the example map 618 as being the Rockefeller Center, Bryant Park, and the Empire State Building, respectively.
In other example embodiments, the visual distinctions between different types of story icons may be provided in a different manner.
The respective thumbnail images that are used for the spike icons 633 are in the example embodiments of
Differences Between Different Story Types
Place Stories
Returning to
Place stories, represented by respective place icons 631, are social media galleries for defined locations or places, typically being places that consistently have relatively large activity volumes (e.g., Times Square. Universal Studios, etc.). Note that, in this example embodiment, not all defined places are by default surfaced in the map GUI 612 by respective place icons 631. Instead, the geo-anchored place stories are surfaced based on the amount of activity (e.g., the raw number of uploaded snaps) captured within a defined geographical area associated with the relevant place, as indicated by associated geo-tag data. This ensures that places that regularly or always attract relatively large volumes of snaps are identified as such on the map 618.
Defined places for which place icons 631 may be surfaced in the map GUI 612 are in this example embodiment manually created by one or more human operators using a server-side gallery management system or content management system (CMS) 1224 provided by a server-side social media platform system 1200 (
In some instances, each place story includes all of the snaps having geotag information indicating a geographic location lying within the associated polygon. Selection of a particular place icon 631 (e.g., by clicking in a desktop application or by tapping on the touchscreen 606 in the example embodiment of
When snaps are played in response to selection of a place icon 631, the name of the place appears on-screen together with the replayed content or payload of the respective snaps. As mentioned, in this example embodiment, the snap represented by a corresponding thumbnail within the relevant place icon 631 is played first, then the rest in time order.
Spike Stories
The unlabeled circular spike icons 633 are automatically surfaced for geographical areas of unusually high activity, with the respective associated spike stories or ad hoc galleries including unexpired snaps within the associated geographical area. In the example embodiment of
Thus, clicking or tapping on the spike icon 633 plays all the snaps in that cluster, showing the snap in the thumbnail first and then the rest of the snaps in time order. Note, again, that the snaps clustered under the common spike icon 633 are in this example uploaded by multiple different respective social media users to Our Story, and are uncurated by moderators. In other embodiments, the stories collected under such spike thumbnails may be curated.
Automated selection of spike icons 633 (and therefore of the associated social media gallery, collection, or story) for surfacing in the map GUI 612 is in this example embodiment based at least in part on calculation of respective anomality or unusualness metric values for different geographical areas. Thus, a higher level of unusualness or anomality of user activity in a particular geo-temporal space would in such instances increase the likelihood of a particular spike story being surfaced on the map GUI 612 by display of a corresponding spike icon 633. As mentioned, the anomality metric provides an indication of the level of geo-temporal unusualness or anomality of social media activity. Calculation of anomality metrics can in some embodiments comprise calculating a level or percentage of difference between historical activity levels in a given area, and activity levels in a current time window. It will be appreciated that heat map coloration and content surfacing increases with an increase in positive anomality levels (i.e., indicating unusually high social media activity). Also note that, in some embodiments, a social media activity metric upon which heat map generation and/or content surfacing is based on a combination of factors that include an anomality metric. In a particular example embodiment, the social media activity metric is provided by a combination of a raw activity metric and an anomality metric.
Instead, or in addition, human curators can, via the CMS 1224, also mark specific spike stories or clusters as “interesting.” thereby boosting the unusualness or anomality score of the respective spike.
Note that, in the example embodiment described with reference to
Other Types of Stories or Ephemeral Social Media Galleries
Other embodiments can instead, or in addition, provide for social media gallery types different from the place stories and the spike stories described with reference to
One example embodiment provides for event galleries pertaining to particular events occurring at a specific location. Such events can include, for example, concerts, festivals, sports events, or the like. These event galleries are in one embodiment created and curated server-side by human operators using the CMS 1224.
Some embodiments provide for surfacing on the map 618 story icons or thumbnails with respect to non-public snaps, e.g., snaps or stories that are access-restricted based at least in part on social network information. For example, individual stories uploaded by friend users may in some embodiments be represented on the map 618 by a respective icon or thumbnail. For example, the My Story of friend users may in some embodiments be directly accessible via the map 618. Such story icons are in some embodiments indicated by a respective friend icon or bitmoji 640 located on the map 618 corresponding to the location at which the corresponding story was generated. In other embodiments, each such user story icon may be indicated on the map GUI 612 by a circular thumbnail analogous to the previously described example story icons 631, 633.
Snap Submission to User-Selected Location-Based Stories
Another feature of the disclosure enables users to submit publicly viewable snaps designated for inclusion in any and all Live Stories or ephemeral galleries that might be happening at locations where the user is eligible to post, e.g., being geographically proximate to the current location of the user as indicated by the associated client device 102. In this manner, the user can specify snaps for inclusion in place stories, event stories, or other location-based ephemeral social media galleries as discussed above.
The destination selection interface 707 of
The user can deselect any particular suboptions by clicking or tapping on the corresponding default-selected radio button 750, as shown in
Heatmap Considerations
As shown in
In this example embodiment, the map 618 is color-coded, with warmer colors corresponding to higher levels of unusualness, as indicated by higher anomality metric values. Thus, in the map 618 illustrated in
In some embodiments, the map GUI 612 displays information pertaining to the heatmap 625 differently at different magnification levels. For example, calculation of anomality metrics and consequent rendering of the heatmap 625 based thereon is in some embodiments performed separately for each of a plurality of zoom levels. In addition, different sets of spike icons 633 may be surfaced at different magnification levels. In one example embodiment, the heatmap 625 may be displayed at a first zoom level without individual spike icons 633 surfaced in the map GUI 612, while multiple gallery or story icons 631, 633 are automatically surfaced in response to user-controlled zooming in on a particular portion of the map 618 shown at the first zoom level.
Anomality Metric Calculation
Some features of the map GUI 612 in this example embodiment provide for calculating with respect to social media content an anomality metric that quantifies geospatial anomality or unusualness of the social media content, and for surfacing the social media content in the map GUI 612 based on respective values for the anomality metric. In this example embodiment, respective collections of snaps associated with different geographical locations are ranked based at least in part on corresponding anomality metric values, and a predetermined number of the collections are automatically selected based on their anomality rankings for surfacing on the map GUI 612 with respective spike icons 633. Instead, or in addition, all spike stories with a positive anomality metric value (i.e., reflecting anomalously high, not low, activity) higher than a predefined threshold value can automatically be surfaced by the display of a corresponding spike icon 633. As described elsewhere herein, the calculation and display of heatmap information is in some embodiments based at least in part on anomality metric calculation.
Anomality metrics may in some embodiments be calculated for individual social media items. In this example embodiment, however, anomality metrics are calculated for collective user behavior. In particular, anomality metrics are calculated for multiple snaps (in this example being respective geotagged social media submissions) based on a comparison between geo-temporal distribution of the multiple snaps and historic geo-temporal social media behavior in or around the relevant geographic location.
Note that the calculation of anomality metrics is in this example embodiment time sensitive. Thus, the same volume of snaps in a particular location may be identified as being anomalous at one time of the day but not at another time. For example, a certain level of social media activity (here, posting of snaps to Our Story) at the Empire State Building would be flagged as above-threshold anomalous at 4 AM, but would not be thus identified as anomalous during daytime.
An aspect of the disclosure provides for determining one or more geo-temporal attributes of social media activity by a process comprising, for each of multiple social media postings, representing the posting as having a distribution in time and/or in space. In some embodiments, representing respective postings as having a geo-temporal distribution comprises treating respective social media items as a probability cloud, for example having a Gaussian distribution. Instead, or in addition, the method may comprise generating or extrapolating a historical model or historical representation of social media activity based at least in part on a resampling procedure executed with respect to a multiplicity of historical geo-tagged social media items. In one example embodiment, the resampling procedure comprises a bootstrapping operation.
In some embodiments, the representation of social media postings as having respective distributions in time and/or space is performed as part of an operation to represent a geo-temporal reference profile or model for historical social media activity for a particular geographical area. Instead, or in addition, the representation of social media postings as having respective distributions in time and/or space may be performed as part of a procedure to represent recent or near-live social media activity in the particular geographical area. In such cases, the geo-temporal reference profile and the representation of the recent or near-live social media activity may be used in combination to identify within the geographical area one or more regions of interesting or anomalous social media activity, e.g., by calculating a geographical distribution of a quantified anomality metric based on differences between the geo-temporal reference profile and the corresponding representation of recent or near-live social media activity.
Dynamic Variation of Icon Size
Turning briefly to
Instead, or in addition, a visual attribute (such as its on-screen size) of the place icons 631 may likewise be variable based on a corresponding anomality value. In the example embodiment of
Location Sharing and User Icons
User Location Display
As mentioned previously, the map GUI 612 includes a graphical representation of associated locations of the user associated with the client device 102 and/or other users, each user being represented by a respective user icon or friend icon (for users who are members of an in-application social graph associated with the viewing user), in the illustrated embodiments being in the form of respective bitmojis 640. In this example embodiment, a user of the social media platform will not be sharing their location if they have never interacted with the map GUI 612. The first time the user interacts with the map GUI 612, the user is taken through an on-boarding flow which allows for the setting of individual location sharing preferences.
Regardless of whether the user has selected to show their location to anyone, the user can see their own current location on the map at all times, and, if the user's bitmoji 640 is no longer in view, snap back to it, causing the map focus to re-center on the user location.
Location sharing preferences can be changed from the graphical user interface of
Location sharing can be turned off or on from within the map GUI 612, thereby to enter or exit Ghost Mode. In this embodiment, Ghost Mode can be toggled on/off via a map pin icon 808 in the top right (see
Note that the Ghost Mode functionality described herein is to be distinguished from turning off location services on a mobile user device. Thus, when Ghost Mode is turned on, the device location services of the client device 102 are still functioning, so that the user location can still be determined and displayed on the map GUI 612 of the user's own device 102, with social media content captured in Ghost Mode still being geo-tagged.
When the user turns on Ghost Mode after previously being present on the map, the user's bitmoji 640 disappears within seconds from other people's maps. When in Ghost Mode, the user can still see anyone on the map who has chosen to share their location with the user.
If the user selects their own bitmoji 640, a user bubble or user panel 816 is launched at the bottom of the touchscreen 606, enabling the user to access location sharing preferences via a settings soft button 824. The user panel 816 further includes a location-agnostic collection icon in the form of a My Story icon 832. The My Story icon 832 is selectable to launch replay of the viewing user's My Story, being a location-agnostic collection of social media items (here, ephemeral snaps) submitted by the user. Analogous to other location-agnostic GUI features disclosed herein, location-agnostic in this context means that the collection of social media items playable via the My Story icon 832 is collated and displayed without regard to any location constraint, thus being unaffected by geo-tagging information associated with the respective items, by the user's current location, or by the current focus of the map 618.
Location Sharing Preferences
Selecting the settings soft button 824 causes display in the map GUI 612 of a location sharing preferences interface 840 (
When the city option is selected for a particular group of users or for particular individuals, the user's bitmoji 640 will in this example embodiment be shown in the map GUI 612 generated on the user devices 102 of the selected persons (or persons within the selected group) at a random location within that city, and which will in this embodiment not change if the user does not leave that city.
Note that the features related to intentionally inaccurate display of the user's location has the effect that the user's location is displayed differently on, the one hand, an instance of the map GUI 612 generated on their own device 102 (e.g.,
It will be seen that this aspect of the disclosure thus provides for a method comprising: determining a location of a user device associated with the user of a social media application; determining a user-selected location display setting that specifies a manner in which the user location is to be displayed on a map-based GUI displayed to other users of the social media application, the location display setting being selected from a predetermined set of location display settings that correspond to display of the user location at different respective levels of precision on the map-based GUI; and representing the user on the map-based GUI of the friend user by rendering a UI element associated with the user at a location on the map-based GUI in accordance with the selected location display setting.
The defined geographic region is in the example embodiment of
As mentioned, the user can also via the location sharing preferences interface 840 select different groups of other users to which his location will be displayed, and may in some embodiments specify different display attributes for the different respective groups or for different respective individuals. In this example, audience options available via the group selector 842 include: Best Friends, Friends, and Custom (which is an individual-level whitelist of people specified by the friend selector 843).
If Friends are selected, all new people added to the user's friends list will automatically be able to see their location, consistent with the granularity level selected in the group selector 842 (e.g., being selectable as precise or at city level in the group selector 842 of
In this example embodiment, the location sharing relationships are two-way—if John is sharing his location with Jack. Jack will not see John on his map 618 unless he has added him as a friend. The user cannot add anyone who is not a friend to the Custom section. The user can furthermore, via the friend selector 84343, define more specialized permissions for specific people, which override the default setting
When viewing the map GUI 612, the user will thus be able to see the locations of all his/her friends that have shared their location with him/her on the map 618. As discussed, each user is in this example embodiment represented by a bitmoji 640. If the friend does not have a bitmoji 640, a profile picture within a generic UI element is shown. If no profile pictures available for a particular friend, a default icon (e.g., a blank profile) is displayed at the corresponding location.
Friend-Level Access Via Friend Icon/Friend Carousel
In this example embodiment, friend-level access to friend information and friend-specific content is enabled via the interactive map 618. Such friend-level access is distinguished from location-based access mechanisms such as a location-based search or snap collections accessible via respective geo-anchored story icons 631, 633. One example of such a friend-level access mechanism is a friend bubble or friend panel 909 (
In the example embodiment of
The user can swipe between friends on the map 618 via the friend carousel 918. In this example embodiment, switching between friends is achieved by swiping the current focus friend panel 909 left or right. Swiping left or right on the friend panel 909 brings into view the next or previous friend panel 909, as the case may be. In this example embodiment, swiping to a particular friend automatically centers the map 618 on the bitmoji 640 of that friend. Note that all of the friends for whom the user has viewing permission should be available as part of the friend carousel 918, not just those friends who are visible in the map viewport 621. Friends are in this embodiment ordered in the carousel by update recency.
The friend panel 909 also includes a chat soft button 918 that can be selected to launch a chat interface 950 (see
In this example embodiment, selection of the chat soft button 918 causes the chat interface 950 to pop up in a modal over the map 618, which modal can be swiped down to dismiss. Incoming chat notifications can be opened in this modal view.
The friend carousel 918 additionally provides location-agnostic access to social media content provided by respective friend users via the map GUI 612. In this example embodiment, such location-agnostic access is available via a location-agnostic collection icon in the form of a respective Friend Story icon 932 displayed in the friend panel 909. The Friend Story icon 932 is selectable to trigger replay of a corresponding story (in this example being that the My Story of the selected friend) comprising a series of snaps uploaded by the corresponding friend user, without any location constraint on the replayed material. In other words, no location information has any effect on the availability and identity of these snaps. The friend carousel 918, via the Friend Story icon 932 thus provides a link from the user location to social media content that is not located anywhere, in that the snaps or stories thus available will be the same irrespective of the friend user's current location, the current focus of the map viewport 621, or the current location of the viewing user. Worded differently, this and other location-agnostic access features of the map GUI 612 provide for access to friend content via the map GUI 612 in a manner similar to that which would be provided by a GUI that is not map-based. Thus, in one example embodiment, selecting a particular friend bitmoji 640 causes display of a menu or user interface element (in the example embodiment of
As will be described below, certain aspects of the search mechanisms provided by the map GUI 612 similarly provide access to location-agnostic social media content of friend users via the map GUI 612.
Search Functionalities
In addition to viewing clustered stories by selection of the story icons 631, 633, the user can access snaps by use of one or more search functionalities provided by the map GUI 612. In this example embodiment, the map GUI 612 provides a number of different search mechanisms through which the user can access targeted social media content, the search mechanisms including:
Two example embodiments of operation of a search mechanism provided via the search bar 665 is illustrated schematically with reference to
When the user clicks on a selected cell in the list of suggestions 1030, the map GUI 612 in this example automatically navigates with a fly-over to the corresponding point on the map 618. If the selected cell is for a spike collection or cluster (also referred elsewhere herein as a spike story), the snaps in the corresponding story starts playing sequentially. If the selected cell is a friend cell, the map viewport 621 navigates to the corresponding friend bitmoji 640, and the associated a friend panel 909 pops up, as the case may be. In the example embodiment of
Thus, features provided by the search interface 1010 of
Note that the “My Friends” and “Trending Locations” in the example embodiment of
The “Trending Locations” and “Popular Nearby” stories are ranked globally according to a metric based on the underlying social media activity, in this example embodiment being ranked according to the number of unique users contributing to a story. In some embodiments, the trending locations may be ranked according to anomality metrics or interestingness scores. In yet further embodiments, surfacing of stories in the search interface 1010 can be based on raw snap volume, snap density over time, rate of increase in snap volume, or the like.
When users click on an entry in the search box dropdown, the map GUI navigates with a fly-over to the corresponding point on the map 618, after which the story/spike cluster starts playing, or friend panel 909 pops up, as the case may be.
Searching functionality available via other example embodiments of the map GUI 612 will now be described with reference to
FRIENDS ON THE MAP—This section, indicated by reference numeral 1040 in
Each friend cell includes, if available, a location-agnostic collection icon in the form of a Friend Story icon 932. Any of the Friend Story icons 932 can be tapped to view the corresponding friend story modally. Viewing of a story comprises sequential replay of the series of snaps included in the story. Each Friend Story icon 932 in this example embodiment comprises a user interface element in the form of a circular thumbnail to the right of the respective friend name. In this example, the stories thus playable include any of the friend's stories, without regard to any location information that may be associated with the story or with any snaps forming part of the story, thus being in accordance with the disclosed feature of map-based access to location-agnostic social media content of a target friend user. In other embodiments, however, the stories surfaced for replay are limited to those geo-tagged on the current map view.
In addition to the Friend Story icon 932, each friend entry in this example embodiment comprises an associated bitmoji, name, last seen timestamp, and associated location indicator. The listed friends are ordered by update recency.
ALL FRIENDS—This section, identified by reference numeral 1050 in
TOP STORIES—This section, identified by reference numeral 1042 in the example embodiment of
NEARBY STORIES—This section, identified by reference numeral 1044 in
LOCATIONS—This section, identified by reference numeral 1060 in
If the place has a story, a story icon 1063 in the form of a thumbnail is in this example embodiment shown before the title (see
Location-Based Search Via Target Location on Map
As an alternative to entering a text-based search query, the user can initiate a location-based search by selecting a target location on the map 618 separate from any of the story icons 631, 633, friend bitmojis 640, or any other selectable user interface element overlaid on the map 618. In this manner, the map 618 itself provides an interactive search mechanism. An example embodiment of such a location-based search is illustrated schematically with reference to
In response to the user's clicking or tapping on a particular location on the map viewport 621, a search is conducted for social media items within a predefined radius from the click- or tap location. In this example embodiment, such a location-based search does not return a list of graphical user interface elements that are selectable to play respective items, but instead automatically triggers automated sequential replay of items returned as a result of the search.
In the example embodiment of
In some embodiments, such a location-based search is dynamically restrained by a predefined search limit, so that the size of the geographical search area 1130 can be variable in different instances. In some embodiments, the search limit for a location-based search is a predefined maximum size defined by the number of snaps located in the search. In an example embodiment, the geographical search area 1130 will thus radiate out from the target location 1110 to a point where a predefined maximum number of snaps are found, after which all snaps from that area will start playing in sequence. Worded differently, a predefined search metric or limit is provided in some embodiments to determine when the search should be stopped. As mentioned, the search limit may be an upper limit to the number of snaps located, with the search radiating out no further from the target location once the number of snaps located reaches the upper limit. Thus, it will be seen that different location-based searches can return snaps from geographical search areas 1130 that differ in size, depending on the density of snaps in the vicinity of the target location 1110.
In some example embodiments, such a location-triggered social media content search (i.e., a search for social media content uploaded by other users triggered by a user click/tap at the target location 1110 that does not coincide with a story icon 631/633 or friend bitmoji 640) can be configured automatically to exclude social media items included in one or more of the clustered collections represented by respective icons 631, 633 on the map. Thus, in this embodiment, the social media application will not include in search results or replay any snaps that are included in any of the place stories or any of the spike stories on the map.
As mentioned, initiating a location-based search by clicking or tapping on a non-thumbnail area in this example embodiment triggers automatic replay of snaps located within a geographical search area 1130 centered on the target location 1110. In other embodiments, such a search input by target location selection may cause display of a graphical user interface element listing the snaps found within the search area, for example including a thumbnail and username for each found snap. The user can thereafter select from the list of found snaps those which are to be replayed.
In some embodiments, the snaps located in a location-based search are played back in chronological sequence, as indicated by respective timestamp data indicating when the corresponding snap was uploaded. In some example embodiments, a sequencing operation may be performed on the subset of snaps identified in a location-based search, so that the replay sequence does not strictly follow chronological sequence. In one example embodiment, an improved sequence for media playback in response to a user tap on the map viewport is achieved by a sequence of operations comprising (a) finding all snaps in a fixed radius of the tap point, (b) doing geo-temporal clustering of those snaps. (c) sorting those clusters by distance from tap, and (d) sorting within the clusters by time.
In some embodiments, the location-based search is by default performed for material uploaded within a predefined default time period. For example, the location-based search may identify all snaps that (a) are located within the geographical search area 1130; (b) are not included in any story represented by a corresponding story icon 631/633; and (c) have timestamps within a default preceding ephemeral timespan. Thus, in an example embodiment in which a snap is by default available for 24 hours via the map GUI 612, the location-based search may by default locate snaps having timestamps indicating upload dates within the past 24 hours.
In some embodiments, however, the preceding period with respect to which the search is performed is selectively variable by the user. For example, the search period timespan is automatically variable in response to an interval for which a search input gesture or signal is provided by the user.
In embodiments in which the map GUI 612 is displayed on a touchscreen 606 (as is the case in the example embodiment of
Instead, or in addition, the search radius (i.e., the size of the geographical search area 1130) may be variable based on the length of the input interval, with longer input intervals (e.g., a longer hold period) corresponding to a larger search radius.
Location-Based Searching Via Friend Location or for Friend Content
Some embodiments of the map GUI 612 provide functionalities for searching for social media content with a location restraint based at least in part on a location attribute of the selected friend user. The location restraint may, for example, operate to limit the search to social media content geo-tagged within a predefined geographic range centered on a geographic location of the selected friend user.
For example, the user can in some example embodiments trigger a location-based search with a location constraint based on the location of a selected friend user. In one example embodiment, such a location-based search with respect to a particular friend location can be performed in a manner analogous to that described below with respect to a general location-based search as described with reference to
In one example embodiment, a friend-targeted location-based search can be triggered by user interaction with the friend icon or bitmoji 640 of a target friend user. In such an example embodiment, a click or tap input on the bitmoji 640 surfaces a menu or friend panel 909, while a press-and-hold input or a click-and-hold input automatically triggers a location-based search such as that previously described, the search area being centered on the location of the selected user. Instead, or in addition, a menu or friend panel 909 launched responsive to selection of the bitmoji 640 in some embodiments include a selectable user interface element to trigger a search for social media content targeted with a location constraint defined with respect to the location of the selected user.
In some embodiments, the friend-based social media content search additionally has an owner constraint such that the search results are limited to social media items of the selected friend user. In other embodiments or instances, the friend-based social media content search may search for content including but not limited to that uploaded or provided by the selected friend user.
Other example embodiments in which social media content searches via the map GUI 612 has a location constraint based on a selected friend user's location include instances where (while map focus is on a selected user) search results are limited to items currently displayed in the map viewport 621. The result section 1030 in the embodiment of
As described with reference to some example embodiments herein, a social media application executing on the user device in some embodiments generates a map GUI having a map viewport on which displayed geographic locations of at least some friend users may differ from the actual geographic locations of those users. In some embodiments, the friend-centered location-based social media content search may be centered on the actual geographic location of the selected friend user, being distinct from a displayed location of the selected friend user on the map GUI. In other embodiments, the search may be performed with reference to the displayed location of the selected friend user.
Overview of Map GUI Functionality
In use, the map GUI 612 thus surfaces different types of location-based stories, which the user can view from the map 618. In the example embodiment of
In this example embodiment, the map 618 is not selectively rotatable by the user, having a fixed default orientation relative to the touchscreen 606. In other embodiments, the map 618 may have a fixed orientation relative to the Earth. In some embodiments, the map 618 is selectively rotatable, e.g., with all map content rotating around a fixed anchor.
As discussed at length above, in any particular map viewport 621, the displayed information can include:
In some embodiments, no spike icons 633 are shown at some levels of magnification. In a particular example embodiment, no spike icons 633 are shown at the original zoom level at which the map GUI 612 loads by default. In such an example, only the heatmap 625, friend bitmojis 640, and a number of place icons 631 are displayed on the map 618 at the original zoom level. As the user zooms in, spike icons 633 are surfaced, representing respective clusters of activity.
It will be appreciated that different icons 631, 633 are surfaced at different zoom levels. In this example embodiment, the map GUI 612 displays no more than a predefined maximum number of place icons 631 and no more than a predefined maximum number of spike icons 633 in any particular view. For example, at any zoom level, the top three place stories (ranked by snap volume) are surfaced by displaying respective place icons 631 in the map viewport 621. Likewise, at any zoom level, the top three spike stories (ranked by anomality or unusualness metric value) are surfaced by displaying respective spike icons 633 in the map viewport 621.
In addition to viewing stories surfaced in the map 618 by respective story icons 631, 633, the user can use one or more of the search functionalities described above to access any snap uploaded to Our Story and whose gallery participation timer or availability lifetime has not yet expired.
It will be appreciated that the map GUI 612 is dynamic, in that the information displayed therein changes dynamically with time. New snaps may continually be uploaded to Our Story, while the underlying social media items upon which surfacing of the story icons 631, 633 and generation of the heatmap 625 is based can further continually change due to the expiration of the availability of snaps. In this example embodiment, however, the information displayed in the map viewport 621 is not dynamically updated during display of any particular geographical area. Instead, changing of the focus of the map viewport 621 is associated with receiving updated information with respect to the story icons 631, 633 and heatmap 625 from the application server 112.
It is a benefit of the map GUI 612 as described with the example embodiments that it provides for user-friendly and intuitive interaction with geographically distributed social media content. The provision of different types of social media galleries (e.g., represented respectively by spike icons 633 and place icons 631) provides a system that automatically surfaces only content which is most relevant for user-selection in such a manner that the very large number of individual social media items that may be available via a social media platform is reduced in complexity, and that allows selection of targeted content in which the user might be interested.
Example System
The system 1200 includes a map engine 1208 to generate the map GUI 612, including the location-based social media information displayed in the map GUI 612. Thus, the map engine 1208 is configured to generate or to facilitate generation of the map 618 (
The system 1200 further includes a replay mechanism 1216 configured to cause automated sequential replay of the content of a set of social media items or snaps on the client device 102. The replay mechanism 1216 can thus cause sequential display of all of the snaps in a selected place story or spike story, as described previously herein. In some embodiments, the replay mechanism 1216 may provide for transmission of the set of snaps to the client device 102 in response to selection of a corresponding story icon 631/633. In some such embodiments, information automatically transmitted by the application server 112 to the client device 102 upon initial rendering of a map view in the map GUI 612 can include a first few (e.g., 2 or 3) snaps for each of the story icons 631, 633 surfaced in the map viewport 621. Upon selection of a particular story icon 631/633, the first few snaps in the story are immediately available for replay, with the subsequent snaps in the story being pulled from the application server 112 during presentation of the first few snaps.
The system 1200 also includes a content management system (CMS) 1224 enabling server-side administrative functionalities. The CMS 1224 provides an administration interface enabling operators to manage content, for example by defining various attributes of different place and/or event stories. The CMS 1224 in this example embodiment also includes the collection management system 204 (
The system 1200 further includes a search engine 1233 configured to provide search functionalities with respect to social media content via the map GUI 612. In particular, the search engine 1233 in this example embodiment provides for user-directed searching both via the search interface 1010 (
The system 1200 further includes a user location serving mechanism 1237 configured to determine respective user locations, in this example embodiment indicated by the respective device locations, to determine for each user the particular friend users who are viewable via the map GUI 612, and to provide the respective user location information for display of associated user icons at corresponding display locations. The user location serving mechanism 1237 in some embodiments comprise, as part of the server system 108, a user location datastore and a per-user access control list (ACL) that lists the particular friend users viewable by each user. In some embodiments, the per-user ACL specifies respective viewing level granularity for each viewable user. The user location serving mechanism 1237 in such example embodiments is additionally configured to determine and manage respective user display granularity. This includes calculating non-precise display locations for some users, and causing display of a corresponding user icons at the non-precise display locations.
The system 1200 also includes an analyzer 1250 that is configured to process social media activity data to calculate anomality metric values for different areas that is to be served by the map GUI 612. In some embodiments, the analyzer 1250 generates a historical model of the geospatial distribution of social media activity, using a probabilistic rendering of individual snaps. Activity data from a current or near live time window is mapped to the historical model and a respective anomality score for different respective locations in the map is calculated. Such anomality scores can be used by the map engine 1208 to surface content via the map GUI 612, to determine the size of spike icons 633, and the rendering of heatmap information, or the like.
Example Methods
Places CMS
Place Restriction and/or Exclusion
Another aspect of the disclosure relates to mechanisms or tools to provide to one or more administrators of a social media application one or more administrative functionalities with respect to different locations in the map. As will be described below, such administrative functionality can include the ability to select places that are to be displayed on the map GUI 612, and the ability to blacklist or otherwise restrict or vary user access to selected areas of the map. Such blacklisting or restriction of availability of social media items based on geo-tag information can include feeding in data from moderation to identify places from which high numbers of bad snaps originate. Automated identification of problematic areas in this manner facilitates blacklisting or, for example, age restriction of the identified problematic areas.
Some embodiments provide for automated geographically-based restriction or moderation based on user feedback or complaint information contemplated. In one example embodiment in an availability parameter for a defined geographical area (also referred to herein as a “place”, as will be described in greater detail below) can automatically be sent to be age-restricted or excluded when a volume or a frequency of complaints or reports received with respect to social media items (e.g., snaps) received from within the defined area exceeds a predefined threshold. In other embodiments, such an automated identification of problematic areas results in automated suggestion or surfacing of such places in a curation interface 1229 (
These and other functionalities will be described in greater detail below as being provided by an internal administrator platform in the example form of an internal website also referred to herein as the Places Content Management System (Places CMS 2048, see
The Places CMS 2048 provides administrators with the ability to label particular geographic locations with a thumbnail and associated label. In embodiments where place icons 631 are displayed on the map GUI 612 both for administrator-defined places and for ad-hoc places based on the high activity (e.g., spike icons 633 for spike stories or clusters), these different types of place icons 631 can be distinguished by the associated label. Note that some embodiments may provide for display on the map of gallery icons in association only with administrator-defined places, but not for ad hoc places based on high or anomalous activity levels.
Such an example embodiment is displayed in
For areas of the map that permanently or regularly have high levels of activity, administrators may choose to define and label such places with a permanent “popular place” thumbnail, as is the case for the three labeled thumbnails shown in
As mentioned, the Places CMS 2048 is an internal website where places can be defined. As shown in the
The Places CMS 2048 is in this example embodiment used to cause display of places on the map, to blacklist places from the map, and to selectively vary availability parameters for different geographical areas.
An existing feature of some social media platforms is the ability for users to define geo-fences, and to apply geofilters to social media items with geo-tags located within respective geo-fences. A geofilter in this context is a decorative overlay applied to a social media item such as a photo or a snap. In this example embodiment the Places CMS 2048 use existing geofilters to assist in building a places list. Such generation and curation of the places list can include:
Displaying a predefined number of top places in the tool, based on how popular the filter is (if possible). Instead, place popularity can be measured by how many snaps on average are taken in the fence and shared to Our Story.
In this example, geofilters are used only for or the types of places the administrator wishes to label, so geo-fences for neighborhoods, cities, etc. are in this instance excluded.
The geofilter fence is used as place fence. The place fence is in this example also used when a user taps on the place in the map 618, responsive to which a resultant search is limited to social media items with geo-tags located within that place fence. Such a search is a variant of the location-based search described with reference to
If the geofilter has a center-point, that centerpoint is used for displaying the place on the map GUI 612. Otherwise a center of the fence polygon is used as centerpoint of the place fence.
To enable display of a place on the map, the place is named and a thumbnail is assigned to the place via the Places CMS 2048. In this instance, the administrator can use the original geofilter name if it is deemed appropriate. Otherwise, the administrator can manually label the respective places. As to selection of a thumbnail, the administrator is enabled to page through a predefined number of the most recent snaps in the relevant polygon (in this example embodiment, 100 stats), from which a particular snap can be selected for use as thumbnail image. In other embodiments, a thumbnail image for the relevant place may be automatically selected, e.g., the most recent thumbnail.
As described previously, the Places CMS 2048 additionally provides the functionality of blacklisting or otherwise restricting the surfacing of social media content to the map GUI 612 based on the geographical origin of the respective social media items.
Note that the entries for hidden and unreviewed for some places in the screenshot of
As shown in the screenshot of
As mentioned, the Places CMS 2048 in some example embodiments provides the functionality to provide geographically-based content filtering not only in a binary manner in which any particular location is either included or excluded from the map for all users, but allows for variation in the availability of social media items from a particular geographical area based at least in part on one or more attributes of the requesting user. In a particular example embodiment, administrators are enabled to associate respective age ratings to various selected geographical areas, responsive to which social media content from those areas are available via the map GUI 612 only to users older than the respective age ratings.
Thus, for example, the administrator can, by using the Places CMS 2048, create a place associated with a particular adult establishment by drawing a polygon around it on the curation interface 1229, and can then assign an age restriction of 18 years to the defined place. Thereafter, snaps originating from that adult establishment will be viewable via the map GUI 612 only by users whose ages (e.g., as indicated age attribute associated with the respective users in a database of the social media platform) are greater than 18 years. It will be seen that, in this manner, different content is available on the map GUI 612 to different users, based on their respective user attributes.
As exemplified by the preceding description, one aspect of the disclosure thus provides for a method comprising making available social media content on a social media platform via a map-based GUI (map GUI 612) generated on a user device such that availability of respective social media items is variable based on associated geo-tag information.
In some embodiments, a number of defined geographical areas may be blacklisted, with any social media item having geo-tag information corresponding to one of the blacklisted areas being unavailable for viewing by users via the map GUI 612. Instead, or in addition, various defined geographical areas may be defined as restricted areas, with any social media item having geo-tag information corresponding to one of the restricted areas being available for viewing by users via the map GUI 612 only if one or more user attributes satisfy predefined availability criteria. In some embodiments, the availability criteria may define age restriction for respective restricted areas, so that social media content from the restricted areas are available being only by users who are older than a predefined threshold age. Different age restrictions may be applied to different restricted areas.
Some embodiments thus provide a method comprising:
The method may include, for each social media item, for each social media item; determining a location of the social media item based on geo-tagging information associated therewith; determining an availability parameter associated with the determined location; and determining an availability status for each social media item based on the respective associated availability parameter. As mentioned previously, the availability parameter for at least some geographical areas in some embodiments comprise an age restriction value. In such cases, the restricting of availability of the social media content comprises, for each social media item originating from a restricted area: determining a respective age restriction value corresponding to the location of the social media item; determining an age value associated with a user associated with the particular instance of the map GUI 612; and making the social media item accessible via the map GUI 612 conditional upon the age value of the user's being greater than a threshold age indicated by the corresponding age restriction value.
Some embodiments provide for geographical variation in automated social media content filtering and/or quality assessment. An administrator can in such embodiments define different filtering/quality estimation parameters (e.g., such as the by use of the techniques described below with reference to
To facilitate the identification of places that are candidates for blacklisting and/or age restriction, the Places CMS 2048 has the functionality of surfacing places that have been identified by user reports. These blacklisting candidates are surfaced in curation interface 1229 of
Turning now to
At operation 1412, different nondefault availability parameters are applied respective defined geographical areas (further, places). E.g., using the curation interface 1229 (
In some embodiments, such place restriction can be implemented or prompted in an automated or semiautomated process comprising, at operation 1404 accessing moderation input or complaint information indicating user complaints or reports with respect to snaps originating from different places. At operation 1408, a list of candidate places for restriction is identified, e.g. based on an above-threshold complaint volume, frequency, or spike. Based on the candidate list, restriction suggestions are surfaced, in some embodiments, in the curation interface 1229. In one embodiment, identified candidate places are automatically blacklisted, with the administrator being able to change the availability parameter if it is deemed to have been applied incorrectly.
At operation 1416, social media content is received in the form of geo-tagged social media items (e.g., snaps) posted to the social media platform for general availability (e.g., submitted to Our Story), forming a set of snaps potentially available via the map GUI 612.
At operation 1420, the map engine 2008 automatically filters out all snaps received from places that are blacklisted. This provides a filter set of snaps available via the map GUI 612.
At operation 1424, the client device 102 sends the request or call for viewing a particular region within the map viewport 621. In response thereto, the map engine 2008 identifies an age value associated with the user account of the requesting client device 102, and then, at operation 1428, filters out or prevents access to all snaps to which the user is not allowed access, based on their age, thus allowing access only to an age-filtered set of snaps. This process may, for example, be responsive to a location-based search in a particular area. Instead, or in addition, the age filtering to the inclusion of snaps in stories accessible via the map GUI 612 (e.g., place stories, spike stories, and/or event stories).
Finally, the requested content (excluding any filtered out snaps) is delivered to the client device 102 for display thereon.
The above-described aspect of the disclosure includes the various example embodiments listed below as examples 1-20, which are to be read in view, at least, of the foregoing part of the description.
Variable Catchment Interval for Social Media Availability by Geography
Instead of, or in addition to, enabling restriction of access to particular geographical areas, the Places CMS 2048 in some embodiments provides administrative functionality to provide variation by geography in an interval subsequent to posting for which social media items are (a) made available via the map GUI 612, and/or (b) are included in social media content to generate, for example, heat map information or the like. As discussed at length previously, ephemeral social media content is social media content that is available via the relevant social media platform for only a predefined limited amount of time. Thus, for example, a snap uploaded to the user's “My Story” has, durable in some common implementations, an availability interval or lifetime of 24 hour subsequent to the time of posting. In the terminology used further herein, the My Story gallery thus has a catchment interval of 24 hours, by which is meant that only items uploaded to that gallery within the last 24 hours are available for viewing via the gallery.
In some embodiments, the Places CMS 2048 allows an administrator to define different catchment intervals for different geographical areas (e.g., places as defined by the curation interface 1229 of
Instead, or in addition, some areas can be assigned an increased catchment interval relative to the default catchment interval. Such increased catchment intervals are in some embodiments defined on an ad hoc basis based on the occurrence of unusual events associated with particular geographic areas. For example, the administrator can define a geographical area in which a hurricane has made landfall, and assign an increased catchment interval of 48 hours to that area, as opposed to the default catchment interval of 24 hours.
In some embodiments, geographical variation in catchment interval applies exclusively to the replay availability of the respective social media items, e.g., via place stories, spike stories, and/or location-based searches relevant to the defined geographical area. In such cases, other social media activity data, such as the heatmap generated based on a level of activity and/or anomality or unusualness metric values are unaffected by administrative definition of different catchment intervals for different geographical areas. Thus, for example, the variable size of a spike icon 633 is in some embodiments determined by an anomality value calculated for the associated area based on a default catchment interval, even though the associated area has a nondefault assigned catchment interval.
In other embodiments, variation in catchment intervals applies universally both to accessibility of individual social media items, and to other information and content displayed on the map GUI 612 as described elsewhere herein. In such instances, for example, the variable size of a spike icon 633 is determined by the anomality value calculated for the associated area based on a nondefault assigned catchment interval.
Turning now to
At operation 1517, an administrator assigns, using an embodiment of the curation interface 1229 that has catchment-assignment functionality, different respective catchment intervals to different geographical areas, such that at at least two different geographical areas have different respective catchment intervals. For the purposes of this description, consider that a particular defined place (say the Empire State Building whose place icon 631 is shown in
At operation 1524, a request for the replay of snaps with respect to a target area is received from a client device 102. In one instance, this comprises the user selecting the place icon 631 for the Empire State Building. In another instance, such a request may comprise a location-based search, either via the search bar 665 or by a tap-triggered search at a target location close to the Empire State Building.
At operation 1531, the respective set of snaps originating at that place (i.e. from within the defined boundaries of the place) is limited based on the corresponding catchment interval. In particular, the result set includes only snaps whose timestamp is no older than the corresponding catchment interval. Typically, the limiting of the result set occurs before receiving of the request. For example, the set of snaps together forming the place story for the Empire State Building is on an ongoing basis filtered to exclude any snaps falling outside of its four hour catchment interval.
Responsive to the request, the map engine 2008 serves the result set to the client device 102, at operation 1538. Note that result sets of different age span will thus be returned for different areas within the same map view. For example, no returned snap originating at the Empire State Building will have been posted more than four hours ago, while a location-based search in an adjacent area can return snaps as old as 12 hours.
These mechanisms beneficially allow for manageable snap collection sizes for areas of different snap density, thus reducing computational and communication load on various elements of the server system 108.
In this manner, different catchment intervals can be assigned to different geographical areas. These assignments can be permanent, semipermanent, or ad hoc. In the described example embodiment, catchment interval assignment is performed manually by an administrator. In some embodiments, however, catchment interval assignment can be at least partially automated, based on the identification of candidates for catchment interval variation based on predefined social media activity metrics. In one embodiment, the Places CMS 2048 is configured automatically to assign modified catchment intervals (or to surface a list of suggestions in the curation interface 1229) to defined places for which the respective snap frequency exceeds a threshold value for more than a threshold number of days within a predefined time window.
The above-described aspect of the disclosure includes the various example embodiments listed below as examples 21-31, which are to be read in view, at least, of the foregoing part of the description.
Automated Quality Estimation and Curation of Social Media Content
Another aspect of the disclosure provides for automated curation of collaborative social media collections (e.g., generally accessible ephemeral galleries, such as social media items posted to Live or Our Story in previously described example embodiments), based at least in part on an automated quality estimation for individual social media items. Thus, for example, the platform server system 108 for the social media platform previously described in some example embodiments includes a quality assessment system 2054 that calculates a quality estimate for respective geo-tagged social media items posted to Our Story. A quality filter is then applied based at least in part on the quality estimates, so that at least some user-provided social media items are automatically excluded from availability via the map GUI 612. In one example embodiment, any social media item with an automatically calculated quality score lower than a predefined threshold value is excluded from inclusion in any place story or from location-based search results via the map GUI 612.
At operation 1627, a quality estimate value or quality score is automatically determined for each snap. In this example embodiment, quality score determination is performed by a trained neural network. The method 1600 therefore includes the prior operations of, at operation 1618, labeling a set of training snaps with quality values, and, at operation 1636, training the neural network by feeding to it the set of labeled training snaps.
At operation 1645, the original set of snaps is filtered based on the respective quality scores for the individual snaps. For example, or snaps with a below-threshold quality score can in some embodiments be assigned a decline acceptability status, thereby being automatically be excluded from the original set. At operation 1654, the filtered subset of snaps is made available for public access via the map GUI 612 of the social media platform.
It will thus be seen that, in some embodiments, the automated quality estimation is performed using machine learning techniques, for example comprising the training of a deep neural network with example social media items (e.g., snaps) having varying quality assessment values and being associated, at operation 1618, with respective attributes or signals. Based on training a model in such a manner, an AI engine (see, for example
Such quality assessment is in some example embodiments based at least in part on visual media content (e.g., photographic or video content) and/or audio data of the relevant snaps. In this example embodiment, the machine learning model is trained on a labeled data set created using a labeling policy illustrated by the example labeling flowchart 1800 of
The score from the trained machine learning model thus generates a score as to the content of new snaps based on the trained model.
Instead, or in addition, at least some signals on which automated quality assessment is based in some embodiments include metadata associated with respective snaps. Some embodiments thus provide for inclusion of device and/or application metadata in association with respective snaps, meant to use this information as a signal (amongst other signals) when training a model to derive a quality score for snaps. For example videos that are very shaky (as can in some instances be indicated by metadata derived from device accelerometers during image-capture) can in some instances be excluded from the map GUI 612.
A nonexhaustive list of metadata fields that is in one example embodiment included by the client-side instance of the social media application (at least some of which are obtained from the device operating system, such as android or iOS clients), include:
In some embodiments, in addition to these metadata fields, the content quality score from a machine learning model trained on a manually labeled data set is produced and is associated with each respective uploaded snap as an additional metadata field. Note that the estimated content quality store is thus used in some embodiments in combination with one or more of the additional metadata fields derived from device information or from application information (as listed above) to calculate the quality score upon which quality estimation and filtering is based.
In some embodiments, such quality estimation is performed by a trained machine learning model.
During assessment (
Instead, as illustrated schematically by the example embodiment of
In yet further embodiments, such as the example embodiment of
In some embodiments, filtered-out snaps are excluded from all aspects of the map GUI 612, for example being excluded from social media activity/anomality calculations and heatmap rendering, as well as being unavailable as part of any publicly available ephemeral gallery, place story, or location-based search. In other embodiments, snaps that are filtered out from online availability due to below-threshold quality scores are factored into heatmap- or other activity calculations, but are unavailable for viewing via the map GUI 612.
As mentioned previously, this metadata is stored in a server-side database in association with respective snaps, and is used to filter out bad snaps from the map GUI 612. Note that the collected database is secured and kept private to ensure user confidentiality.
Note that the auto-estimation and filtering features apply in some embodiments only to snaps published or posted for general availability (e.g., submissions to “Our Story”), and that no such quality filtering is applied to submissions to a user's “My Story.” In this context, the term “general availability” means that the respective social media item is posted to the social media platform for general public access (e.g., being posted to Our Story), as opposed to being available only to users who have a defined relationship to the posting user (e.g., being posted to My Story, and being available for viewing only by friends of the particular user).
The above-described aspect of the disclosure includes the various example embodiments listed below as examples 32-45, which are to be read in view, at least, of the foregoing part of the description.
Location-Based Memories
In addition to providing access to ephemeral social media content during its limited availability interval, the map GUI 612 in some example embodiments provides location-based access to a user's own expired social media content. In this context, ephemeral social media content means social media items that are made available on the relevant social media platform for only a limited period of time (i.e., its availability interval or lifetime), and is thereafter inaccessible for online viewing by others. Thus, for example, a default availability interval for snaps on some existing social media platforms is 24 hours. After expiry of the availability interval, ephemeral social media items are no longer accessible to others via the social media platform, and is referred to herein as expired social media items or expired snaps.
A user may, however, wish to view social media items uploaded by themselves even after expiry of the availability interval. To this end, the map GUI 612 such as that described herein in some embodiments provides for location-based user access to their own expired snaps. Such functionality is also referred to herein as Memories.
In one embodiment, the map GUI 612 enables a user to switch to a historic, (also known as Memories mode), and then to explore their own expired snaps by the map GUI 612 by geography, and/or to search their own expired snaps with a geographical constraint. The map GUI 612 in Memory mode can in some embodiments provide for user specification of a search period, thus enabling the user to search for expired snaps posted on specified date or specified span of dates.
In some embodiments, a blanket search may be launched with respect to a geographical area currently shown in a map viewport 621, with a result of the search being limited to expired snaps with geo-tag information corresponding to the current map viewport 621. Instead, or in addition, a location-based search for expired snaps (either universally or for a specified limited time period) can be launched by clicking or tapping on the map GUI 612 at a selected location, analogously to the location-based search for Live snaps described earlier.
Some embodiments thus provide substantially equivalent search functionalities for the user's own expired snaps as are provided for searching for non-expired snaps (i.e., live ephemeral content) by all users. Additionally, the map GUI 612 in some embodiments provides for display of social media activity information with respect to the user's own historical snap activity as is provided for live content (see, e.g., operation 1970 in FIG. in 19).
At operation 1910, the map GUI 612 operates in normal mode, in which it provides access, at operation 1930, to live snaps uploaded by all users for general availability (e.g., posted to Our Story), using the various mechanisms described previously.
The user can, however, switch the map GUI 612 to a historical mode, at operation 1920. In some embodiments, the map GUI 612 includes a toggle that can be operated to switch back and forth between normal mode and memories mode. Instead, or in addition, searching in memories mode can comprise launching a memories search interface and/or text box.
In memories mode, the user can, at operation 1950, explore their own expired snaps via the map 618 of the map GUI 612. This can comprise navigating to an area of interest, and, at operation 1960, triggering a location-based search by tapping at a target location. In response, a location-based search similar to that described with reference to
Instead, the user can, at operation 1960, enter a search string, responsive to which the search results are returned, at operation 1970. In some embodiments, the result set for such a search is limited to those expired snaps with geo-tag information within the current map viewport 621.
During exploration via the map, at operation 1950, the map GUI 612 in some embodiments also provides for the display of geographically distributed historical activity information for the users on snap history. For example, the map 618 in some embodiments includes a heatmap 625 that indicates the geographical distribution of snap density of the users expired snaps (i.e., the number of snaps per unit area). Instead, or in addition, expired stories and/or ad hoc stories based on expired snaps can be surfaced on the map 618 in memories mode.
A benefit of the location-based Memories functionality is that is to provide the user with the ability to investigate their historical media activity more intuitively and accurately than is otherwise the case. Thus, for example, when a user wishes to view a particular snap posted from a known location (e.g., a concert or sporting event), can more readily locate the target snap by navigating to the relevant location on the map GUI 612 and launching a location-based Memories search with respect to that location. Absent such location-target historical searching, the user would require more information on the precise date and/or other tag information in order accurately to target the desired snap.
The above-described aspect of the disclosure includes the various example embodiments listed below as examples 46-57, which are to be read in view, at least, of the foregoing part of the description.
Example System
The system 2000 includes a map engine 2008 to generate the map GUI 612, including the location-based social media information displayed in the map GUI 612. Thus, the map engine 2008 is configured to generate or to facilitate generation of the map 618 (
The system 2000 further includes a replay mechanism 2016 configured to cause automated sequential replay of the content of a set of social media items or snaps on the client device 102. The replay mechanism 2016 can thus cause sequential display of all of the snaps in a selected place story or spike story, as described previously herein. In some embodiments, the replay mechanism 2016 may provide for transmission of the set of snaps to the client device 102 in response to selection of a corresponding story icon 631/633. In some such embodiments, information automatically transmitted by the application server 112 to the client device 102 upon initial rendering of a map view in the map GUI 612 can include a first few (e.g., 2 or 3) snaps for each of the story icons 631, 633 surfaced in the map viewport 621. Upon selection of a particular story icon 631/633, the first few snaps in the story are immediately available for replay, with the subsequent snaps in the story being pulled from the application server 112 during presentation of the first few snaps.
The system 2000 also includes a content management system (CMS) 2024 enabling server-side administrative functionalities. The CMS 2024 provides an administration interface enabling operators to manage content, for example by defining various attributes of different place and/or event stories. The CMS 2024 in this example embodiment also includes the collection management system 204 (
The system 2000 further includes a search engine 2033 configured to provide search functionalities with respect to social media content via the map GUI 612. In particular, the search engine 2033 in this example embodiment provides for user-directed searching both via the search interface 1010 (
The system 2000 further includes a user location serving mechanism 2037 configured to determine respective user locations, in this example embodiment indicated by the respective device locations, to determine for each user the particular friend users who are viewable via the map GUI 612, and to provide the respective user location information for display of associated user icons at corresponding display locations. The user location serving mechanism 2037 in some embodiments comprise, as part of the server system 108, a user location datastore and a per-user access control list (ACL) that lists the particular friend users viewable by each user. In some embodiments, the per-user ACL specifies respective viewing level granularity for each viewable user. The user location serving mechanism 2037 in such example embodiments is additionally configured to determine and manage respective user display granularity. This includes calculating non-precise display locations for some users, and causing display of a corresponding user icons at the non-precise display locations.
The system 2000 also includes an analyzer 2050 that is configured to process social media activity data to calculate anomality metric values for different areas that is to be served by the map GUI 612. In some embodiments, the analyzer 2050 generates a historical model of the geospatial distribution of social media activity, using a probabilistic rendering of individual snaps. Activity data from a current or near live time window is mapped to the historical model and a respective anomality score for different respective locations in the map is calculated. Such anomality scores can be used by the map engine 2008 to surface content, to determine the size of spike icons 633, and the rendering of heatmap information, or the like.
Machine and Software Architecture
These systems, system components, methods, applications, and so forth described in conjunction with
Software architectures are used in conjunction with hardware architectures to create devices and machines configured for particular purposes. For example, a particular hardware architecture coupled with a particular software architecture will create a mobile device, such as a mobile phone, tablet device, or so forth. A slightly different hardware and software architecture may yield a smart device for use in the “internet of things.” while yet another combination produces a server computer for use within a cloud computing architecture. The software and hardware architectures presented here are example architectures for implementing the disclosure, and are not exhaustive as to possible architectures that can be employed for implementing the disclosure.
From the preceding description it will be seen that a number of example embodiments and combinations of example embodiments are disclosed. The disclosed embodiments include, but are not limited to, the enumerated list of example embodiments that follow.
In the example architecture of
The operating system 2102 may manage hardware resources and provide common services. The operating system 2102 may include, for example, a kernel 2122, services 2124, and drivers 2126. The kernel 2122 may act as an abstraction layer between the hardware and the other software layers. For example, the kernel 2122 may be responsible for memory management, processor management (e.g., scheduling), component management, networking, security settings, and so on. The services 2124 may provide other common services for the other software layers. The drivers 2126 are responsible for controlling or interfacing with the underlying hardware. For instance, the drivers 2126 include display drivers, camera drivers. Bluetooth® drivers, flash memory drivers, serial communication drivers (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB) drivers), Wi-Fi® drivers, audio drivers, power management drivers, and so forth depending on the hardware configuration.
The libraries 2120 provide a common infrastructure that is used by the applications 2116 and/or other components and/or layers. The libraries 2120 provide functionality that allows other software components to perform tasks in an easier fashion than by interfacing directly with the underlying operating system 2102 functionality (e.g., kernel 2122, services 2124, and/or drivers 2126). The libraries 2120 may include system libraries 2144 (e.g., C standard library) that may provide functions such as memory allocation functions, string manipulation functions, mathematical functions, and the like. In addition, the libraries 2120 may include API libraries 2146 such as media libraries (e.g., libraries to support presentation and manipulation of various media formats such as MPEG4. H.264, MP3, AAC, AMR, JPG. PNG), graphics libraries (e.g., an OpenGL framework that may be used to render 2D and 3D graphic content on a display), database libraries (e.g., SQLite that may provide various relational database functions), web libraries (e.g., WebKit that may provide web browsing functionality), and the like. The libraries 2120 may also include a wide variety of other libraries 2148 to provide many other APIs to the applications 2116 and other software components/modules.
The frameworks/middleware 2118 provides a higher-level common infrastructure that may be used by the applications 2116 and/or other software components/modules. For example, the frameworks/middleware 2118 may provide various graphic user interface (GUI) functions, high-level resource management, high-level location services, and so forth. The frameworks/middleware 2118 may provide a broad spectrum of other APIs that may be utilized by the applications 2116 and/or other software components/modules, some of which may be specific to a particular operating system 2102 or platform.
The applications 2116 include built-in applications 2138 and/or third-party applications 2140. Examples of representative built-in applications 2138 may include, but are not limited to, a contacts application, a browser application, a book reader application, a location application, a media application, a messaging application, and/or a game application. The third-party applications 2140 may include an application developed using the ANDROID™ or IOS™ software development kit (SDK) by an entity other than the vendor of the particular platform, and may be mobile software running on a mobile operating system such as IOS™, ANDROID™, WINDOWS® Phone, or other mobile operating systems. The third-party applications 2140 may invoke the API calls 2108 provided by the mobile operating system (such as the operating system 2102) to facilitate functionality described herein.
The applications 2116 may use built-in operating system 2102 functions (e.g., kernel 2122, services 2124, and/or drivers 2126), libraries 2120, and frameworks/middleware 2118 to create user interfaces to interact with users of the system. Alternatively, or additionally, in some systems interactions with a user may occur through a presentation layer, such as the presentation layer 2114. In these systems, the application/component “logic” can be separated from the aspects of the application/component that interact with a user.
Hardware Architecture
The machine 2200 may include processors 2204, memory/storage 2206, and I/O components 2218, which may be configured to communicate with each other such as via a bus 2202. The memory/storage 2206 may include a memory 2214, such as a main memory, or other memory storage, and a storage unit 2216, both accessible to the processors 2204 such as via the bus 2202. The storage unit 2216 and memory 2214 store the instructions 2210 embodying any one or more of the methodologies or functions described herein. The instructions 2210 may also reside, completely or partially, within the memory 2214, within the storage unit 2216, within at least one of the processors 2204 (e.g., within the processor's cache memory), or any suitable combination thereof, during execution thereof by the machine 2200. Accordingly, the memory 2214, the storage unit 2216, and the memory of the processors 2204 are examples of machine-readable media. In some embodiments, the processors 2204 comprise a number of distributed processors 2208-2212, each of which have access to associated memories storing instructions 2210.
The I/O components 2218 may include a wide variety of components to receive input, provide output, produce output, transmit information, exchange information, capture measurements, and so on. The specific I/O components 2218 that are included in a particular machine 2200 will depend on the type of machine. For example, portable machines such as mobile phones will likely include a touch input device or other such input mechanisms, while a headless server machine will likely not include such a touch input device. It will be appreciated that the 1/O components 2218 may include many other components that are not shown in
In further example embodiments, the I/O components 2218 may include biometric components 2230, motion components 2234, environment components 2236, or position components 2238 among a wide array of other components. For example, the biometric components 2230 may include components to detect expressions (e.g., hand expressions, facial expressions, vocal expressions, body gestures, or eye tracking), measure biosignals (e.g., blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature, perspiration, or brain waves), identify a person (e.g., voice identification, retinal identification, facial identification, fingerprint identification, or electroencephalogram-based identification), and the like. The motion components 2234 may include acceleration sensor components (e.g., accelerometer), gravitation sensor components, rotation sensor components (e.g., gyroscope), and so forth. The environment components 2236 may include, for example, illumination sensor components (e.g., photometer), temperature sensor components (e.g., one or more thermometers that detect ambient temperature), humidity sensor components, pressure sensor components (e.g., barometer), acoustic sensor components (e.g., one or more microphones that detect background noise), proximity sensor components (e.g., infrared sensors that detect nearby objects), gas sensors (e.g., gas sensors to detect concentrations of hazardous gases for safety or to measure pollutants in the atmosphere), or other components that may provide indications, measurements, or signals corresponding to a surrounding physical environment. The position components 2238 may include location sensor components (e.g., a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver component), altitude sensor components (e.g., altimeters or barometers that detect air pressure from which altitude may be derived), orientation sensor components (e.g., magnetometers), and the like.
Communication may be implemented using a wide variety of technologies. The I/O components 2218 may include communication components 2240 operable to couple the machine 2200 to a network 2232 or devices 2220 via a coupling 2224 and a coupling 2222 respectively. For example, the communication components 2240 may include a network interface component or other suitable device to interface with the network 2232. In further examples, the communication components 2240 may include wired communication components, wireless communication components, cellular communication components, Near Field Communication (NFC) components, Bluetooth® components (e.g., Bluetooth® Low Energy), Wi-Fi® components, and other communication components to provide communication via other modalities. The devices 2220 may be another machine or any of a wide variety of peripheral devices (e.g., a peripheral device coupled via a Universal Serial Bus (USB)).
Moreover, the communication components 2240 may detect identifiers or include components operable to detect identifiers. For example, the communication components 2240 may include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag reader components. NFC smart tag detection components, optical reader components (e.g., an optical sensor to detect one-dimensional bar codes such as Universal Product Code (UPC) bar code, multi-dimensional bar codes such as Quick Response (QR) code, Aztec code, Data Matrix, Dataglyph, MaxiCode, PDF417, Ultra Code, UCC RSS-2D bar code, and other optical codes), or acoustic detection components (e.g., microphones to identify tagged audio signals). In addition, a variety of information may be derived via the communication components 2240, such as location via Internet Protocol (IP) geolocation, location via Wi-Fi® signal triangulation, location via detecting an NFC beacon signal that may indicate a particular location, and so forth.
“CARRIER SIGNAL” in this context refers to any intangible medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by the machine, and includes digital or analog communications signals or other intangible media to facilitate communication of such instructions. Instructions may be transmitted or received over the network using a transmission medium via a network interface device and using any one of a number of well-known transfer protocols.
“CLIENT DEVICE” in this context refers to any machine that interfaces to a communications network to obtain resources from one or more server systems or other client devices. A client device may be, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, desktop computer, laptop, portable digital assistant (PDA), smart phone, tablet, ultra book, netbook, laptop, multi-processor system, microprocessor-based or programmable consumer electronic system, game console, set-top box, or any other communication device that a user may use to access a network.
“COMMUNICATIONS NETWORK” in this context refers to one or more portions of a network that may be an ad hoc network, an intranet, an extranet, a virtual private network (VPN), a local area network (LAN), a wireless LAN (WLAN), a wide area network (WAN), a wireless WAN (WWAN), a metropolitan area network (MAN), the Internet, a portion of the Internet, a portion of the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN), a plain old telephone service (POTS) network, a cellular telephone network, a wireless network, a Wi-Fi® network, another type of network, or a combination of two or more such networks. For example, a network or a portion of a network may include a wireless or cellular network, and the coupling may be a Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) connection, a Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) connection, or another type of cellular or wireless coupling. In this example, the coupling may implement any of a variety of types of data transfer technology, such as Single Carrier Radio Transmission Technology (1×RTT). Evolution-Data Optimized (EVDO) technology. General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) technology, Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) technology, third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) including 3G, fourth generation wireless (4G) networks, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), High-Speed Packet Access (HSPA), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX). Long-Term Evolution (LTE) standard, others defined by various standard-setting organizations, other long-range protocols, or other data-transfer technology.
“EPHEMERAL MESSAGE” in this context refers to a message that is accessible for a time-limited duration. An ephemeral message may be a text, an image, a video and the like. The access time for the ephemeral message may be set by the message sender. Alternatively, the access time may be a default setting or a setting specified by the recipient. Regardless of the setting technique, the message is transitory. “Snaps” as referenced in the description are ephemeral messages. Ephemeral messages are not limited to communications having specified individual recipients, but include social media items uploaded to a gallery or a collection for viewing by multiple users. Thus, the term ephemeral message includes a photo or video clip (which may be augmented or unaugmented) made available for a time-limited duration for viewing public or by a
“MACHINE-READABLE MEDIUM” in this context refers to a component, a device, or other tangible media able to store instructions and data temporarily or permanently and may include, but is not limited to, random-access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), buffer memory, flash memory, optical media, magnetic media, cache memory, other types of storage (e.g., Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM)), and/or any suitable combination thereof. The term “machine-readable medium” should be taken to include a single medium or multiple media (e.g., a centralized or distributed database, or associated caches and servers) able to store instructions. The term “machine-readable medium” shall also be taken to include any medium, or combination of multiple media, that is capable of storing instructions (e.g., code) for execution by a machine, such that the instructions, when executed by one or more processors of the machine, cause the machine to perform any one or more of the methodologies described herein. Accordingly, a “machine-readable medium” refers to a single storage apparatus or device, as well as “cloud-based” storage systems or storage networks that include multiple storage apparatus or devices. The term “machine-readable medium” excludes signals per se.
“COMPONENT” in this context refers to a device, a physical entity, or logic having boundaries defined by function or subroutine calls, branch points, application programming interfaces (APIs), or other technologies that provide for the partitioning or modularization of particular processing or control functions. Components may be combined via their interfaces with other components to carry out a machine process. A component may be a packaged functional hardware unit designed for use with other components and a part of a program that usually performs a particular function of related functions. Components may constitute either software components (e.g., code embodied on a machine-readable medium) or hardware components. A “hardware component” is a tangible unit capable of performing certain operations and may be configured or arranged in a certain physical manner. In various example embodiments, one or more computer systems (e.g., a standalone computer system, a client computer system, or a server computer system) or one or more hardware components of a computer system (e.g., a processor or a group of processors) may be configured by software (e.g., an application or application portion) as a hardware component that operates to perform certain operations as described herein. A hardware component may also be implemented mechanically, electronically, or any suitable combination thereof. For example, a hardware component may include dedicated circuitry or logic that is permanently configured to perform certain operations. A hardware component may be a special-purpose processor, such as a Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC). A hardware component may also include programmable logic or circuitry that is temporarily configured by software to perform certain operations. For example, a hardware component may include software executed by a general-purpose processor or other programmable processor. Once configured by such software, hardware components become specific machines (or specific components of a machine) uniquely tailored to perform the configured functions and are no longer general-purpose processors. It will be appreciated that the decision to implement a hardware component mechanically, in dedicated and permanently configured circuitry, or in temporarily configured circuitry (e.g., configured by software) may be driven by cost and time considerations. Accordingly, the phrase “hardware component” (or “hardware-implemented component”) should be understood to encompass a tangible entity, be that an entity that is physically constructed, permanently configured (e.g., hardwired), or temporarily configured (e.g., programmed) to operate in a certain manner or to perform certain operations described herein. Considering embodiments in which hardware components are temporarily configured (e.g., programmed), each of the hardware components need not be configured or instantiated at any one instance in time. For example, where a hardware component comprises a general-purpose processor configured by software to become a special-purpose processor, the general-purpose processor may be configured as respectively different special-purpose processors (e.g., comprising different hardware components) at different times. Software accordingly configures a particular processor or processors, for example, to constitute a particular hardware component at one instance of time and to constitute a different hardware component at a different instance of time. Hardware components can provide information to, and receive information from, other hardware components. Accordingly, the described hardware components may be regarded as being communicatively coupled. Where multiple hardware components exist contemporaneously, communications may be achieved through signal transmission (e.g., over appropriate circuits and buses) between or among two or more of the hardware components. In embodiments in which multiple hardware components are configured or instantiated at different times, communications between such hardware components may be achieved, for example, through the storage and retrieval of information in memory structures to which the multiple hardware components have access. For example, one hardware component may perform an operation and store the output of that operation in a memory device to which it is communicatively coupled. A further hardware component may then, at a later time, access the memory device to retrieve and process the stored output. Hardware components may also initiate communications with input or output devices, and can operate on a resource (e.g., a collection of information). The various operations of example methods described herein may be performed, at least partially, by one or more processors that are temporarily configured (e.g., by software) or permanently configured to perform the relevant operations. Whether temporarily or permanently configured, such processors may constitute processor-implemented components that operate to perform one or more operations or functions described herein. As used herein, “processor-implemented component” refers to a hardware component implemented using one or more processors. Similarly, the methods described herein may be at least partially processor-implemented, with a particular processor or processors being an example of hardware. For example, at least some of the operations of a method may be performed by one or more processors or processor-implemented components. Moreover, the one or more processors may also operate to support performance of the relevant operations in a “cloud computing” environment or as a “software as a service” (SaaS). For example, at least some of the operations may be performed by a group of computers (as examples of machines including processors), with these operations being accessible via a network (e.g., the Internet) and via one or more appropriate interfaces (e.g., an application programming interface (API)). The performance of certain of the operations may be distributed among the processors, not only residing within a single machine, but deployed across a number of machines. In some example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be located in a single geographic location (e.g., within a home environment, an office environment, or a server farm). In other example embodiments, the processors or processor-implemented components may be distributed across a number of geographic locations.
“PROCESSOR” in this context refers to any circuit or virtual circuit (a physical circuit emulated by logic executing on an actual processor) that manipulates data values according to control signals (e.g., “commands.” “op codes,” “machine code,” etc.) and which produces corresponding output signals that are applied to operate a machine. A processor may, for example, be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), a Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC) processor, a Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC) processor, a Graphics Processing Unit (GPU), a Digital Signal Processor (DSP), an Application-Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a Radio-Frequency Integrated Circuit (RFIC), or any combination thereof. A processor may further be a multi-core processor having two or more independent processors (sometimes referred to as “cores”) that may execute instructions contemporaneously.
“TIMESTAMP” in this context refers to a sequence of characters or encoded information identifying when a certain event occurred, for example giving date and time of day, sometimes accurate to a small fraction of a second.
Language
Throughout this specification, plural instances may implement components, operations, or structures described as a single instance. Although individual operations of one or more methods are illustrated and described as separate operations, one or more of the individual operations may be performed concurrently, and nothing requires that the operations be performed in the order illustrated, unless that the context and/or logic clearly indicates otherwise. Structures and functionality presented as separate components in example configurations may be implemented as a combined structure or component. Similarly, structures and functionality presented as a single component may be implemented as separate components. These and other variations, modifications, additions, and improvements fall within the scope of the subject matter herein.
Although an overview of the disclosed subject matter has been described with reference to specific example embodiments, various modifications and changes may be made to these embodiments without departing from the broader scope of embodiments of the present disclosure.
The embodiments illustrated herein are described in sufficient detail to enable those skilled in the art to practice the teachings disclosed. Other embodiments may be used and derived therefrom, such that structural and logical substitutions and changes may be made without departing from the scope of this disclosure. The Detailed Description, therefore, is not to be taken in a limiting sense, and the scope of various embodiments is defined only by the appended claims, along with the full range of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.
As used herein, the term “or” may be construed in either an inclusive or exclusive sense. Moreover, plural instances may be provided for resources, operations, or structures described herein as a single instance. Additionally, boundaries between various resources, operations, modules, engines, and data stores are somewhat arbitrary, and particular operations are illustrated in a context of specific illustrative configurations. The specification and drawings are, accordingly, to be regarded in an illustrative rather than a restrictive sense.
This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 17/879,607, filed Aug. 2, 2022, which application is a continuation of U.S. Application Ser. No. 15/965,811, filed Apr. 27, 2018, which is a non-provisional application which claims the benefit of priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/556,134, filed Sep. 8, 2017; U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/552,958, filed Aug. 31, 2017; and U.S. Provisional Application Ser. No. 62/491,115, filed Apr. 27, 2017, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
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| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20230280879 A1 | Sep 2023 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 62556134 | Sep 2017 | US | |
| 62552958 | Aug 2017 | US | |
| 62491115 | Apr 2017 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 17879607 | Aug 2022 | US |
| Child | 18196915 | US | |
| Parent | 15965811 | Apr 2018 | US |
| Child | 17879607 | US |
