Patent Application
20060106534
The present invention relates to a map data transmitting method in a navigation system, and an on-vehicle terminal that receives map over communication.
A communication type navigation system has been developed and attracted a great deal of attentions. In this system, through data communication between a navigation device installed in a vehicle and a server device over a mobile phone network, various useful information including map data is transmitted to the navigation device in the vehicle.
As a car navigation system that downloads map data from a server through communication lines, for example, disclosures in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-50765 and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. H11(1999)-237251 have been known. The method of acquiring map data by downloading from a server is advantageous to users because the latest map data stored in the server can be used.
Recently, a map information transmission system that can efficiently transmit partial map information has been proposed (e.g., Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-48573). This map information transmission system receives starting information and destination information from on-vehicle terminals, searches for a route connecting a starting place corresponding to the starting information and a destination corresponding to the destination information, decides map information corresponding to the route, and transmits the map information to the on-vehicle terminals, whereby the on-vehicle terminals can obtain necessary information without having maps in advance.
For the transmission of map information, as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-107151, a map database 145 of a map information providing system stores map data classified by layer, category, and the like representative of map types. Upon receiving a map information transmission request from a mobile phone terminal 90, the map information providing system searches the map data according to layer, category, and the like, and transmits user-requested map information without modifications.
For the transmission of guidance information, a system is proposed which initially transmits only the data of a traveling route of a predetermined distance from a current position, then successively transmits divided traveling routes (e.g., the international patent (laid-open) No. 00/66975, and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-28371). In this case, a next traveling transmission point is set on a traveling route already transmitted. And when the transmission point is reached, a traveling route of a next predetermined distance is transmitted, and traveling route information is downloaded according to route guidance of up to a destination. According to this method, first, since only a traveling route of a predetermined distance is downloaded, communication time becomes shorter and waiting time until operation is started becomes shorter than when data of the entire traveling route is downloaded.
Furthermore, as to a car navigation system that downloads map data from a server through communication lines, as a method of dividing a map into meshes (rectangles) to manage it and transferring meshes of a traveling route portion to an on-vehicle machine for reuse, a technology described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-48573 has been known.
As another method, as described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-84493, a method of cutting out a map of a route and the vicinity in an arbitrary shape by a server and transferring it to an on-vehicle machine has been known.
However, since such a communication type navigation device is a car navigation device that downloads maps without using CD-ROM and DVD-ROM in which map data is stored, to display a route on a map for route guidance, map data for displaying the route must be downloaded. The communication type navigation device does not start navigation before downloading all map data necessary for displaying the route.
However, a problem in the downloading of map data from a server is the amount of the map data. Specifically, an increase in the amount of the map data exerts influences on download time of the map data and the processing capacity of a car navigation system. The influences increase response time of the car navigation system, and impair user's convenience. As a result, under the present circumstances, long waiting time occurs before guiding is started. Particularly, upon a request to transmit map information from a user, transmitting the map information with it left intact prolongs transmission time when the data amount of the map information to be transmitted is large.
On the other hand, the map data downloaded from the server must contain information needed when the user drives. For example, the data of branch points or intersections on a route on which the user is traveling is data necessary for the user to travel correctly on the route. Therefore, reducing information needed when the user drives would reduce the amount of the map data but impair the proper convenience of the car navigation system of guiding the user along the route.
An object of the present invention is to provide a navigation system of map download type that has the convenience of guiding along a route and effectively reduces the amount of map data to transmit maps, a method of transmitting map data so as to reduce time before guiding is started, and an on-vehicle terminal for receiving maps.
A map provision server searches for a traveling route connecting a starting place corresponding to current position information received from an on-vehicle terminal and a destination corresponding to destination information received from the on-vehicle terminal, and generates guidance information on the searched traveling route. Moreover, the server creates traveling route information comprising the traveling route and the guidance information, and map information on the traveling route along the traveling route. The guidance information and the map information are divided into plural segments before being transmitted as map information blocks. The plural map information blocks are assigned transmission priority levels and transmitted according to the transmission priority levels after the traveling route information is transmitted.
Upon receiving the traveling route information, the on-vehicle terminal starts navigation by displaying on the screen or guiding by voice a guidance direction of a next guidance point, a road name relating to a next guidance point, or an intersection name relating to a next guidance point, a point name relating to a next guidance point, a distance to a next guidance point, or a distance to a destination.
The map provision server divides the map information into road information and background information, and transmits earlier the road information. The on-vehicle terminal receives earlier the road information and starts guidance, and upon receiving the road information, displays a road map. Upon receiving background information, it superimposes the background information on the road map to display a complete map.
To continue guidance for vehicle using data already received even when some portions of the information have been unsuccessfully received, the on-vehicle terminal determines whether map data blocks of the vehicle position and the vicinity have been received, and traveling route information including guidance information has been received. As a result, when the traveling route information including guidance information has been received, and the map data blocks of the vehicle position and the vicinity have not been received, the on-vehicle terminal turns on the mode of performing guidance by using only the traveling route information including the received guidance information. When the traveling route information including guidance information has been received, and the map data blocks of the vehicle position and the vicinity have been received, turns on the mode of performing guidance while displaying map data of the vehicle position and the vicinity.
The map provision server 110 includes the following sections: a server communication section 115 for communicating with the on-vehicle terminal 210; a route search/guidance information calculation section 120 for searching for a traveling route between a starting place and a destination by using the vehicle position information and destination information transmitted from the on-vehicle terminal, and calculating guidance information on the traveling route; a map database 145 that stores road data including road types such as freeway, main road, and narrow road, their road names, and their road shapes, and background data including names other than road names such as place name and landmark name, and shape data of items other than roads such as river, sea, golf course, and airport; a map cutout section 125 that extracts (hereinafter, this operation is referred to as cutout) map information of a part of region/area from map information stored in the map database 145, based on traveling route information or guidance information calculated by a route search/guidance information calculation section 120; a transmission format conversion section 130 that converts map information cut out by the map cutout section 125 into a format (it is also called as a transmission format) for minimizing a data amount so that can be transmitted over the mobile phone network 300; a transmission priority management section 135 that sets a transmission order of areas of map information or information types such as road and background, and based on the set transmission order, issues a cutout command to the map cutout section 125, a format conversion request to the transmission format conversion section 130, or a communication request to the server communication section 115; and a server control section 140 that controls the flow of overall processing of the map provision server 110. The map database 145 may be a database that stores not only map information but also real-time information such as information of crowded degree in restaurants, parking lots, and GS (gasoline station), and traffic information indicating no thoroughfare under construction, and heavy traffic congestion due to the holding of an event. In the road data, freeways refer to expressways, main roads refer to national roads and prefecture roads, and narrow roads refer to narrow roads existing in residential areas.
The on-vehicle terminal 210 includes a terminal communication section 215 communicating with the map provision server 110; a transmission format restoration section 220 that restores map data converted into a format for transmitting (the map data has been received in the terminal communication section 215) to enable it to be handled in the on-vehicle terminal; a map data storage/management section 225 that stores and manages map dada restored by the transmission format restoration section 220 and traveling route including guidance information; a terminal display section 230 that displays the map data stored in the map data storage/management section 225; an input section 235 that inputs destination setting information, map scale setting information and scroll commands; and a position measuring section 240 that measures a current position of the vehicle 200. The on-vehicle terminal 210, when already having received map data of the vehicle position and the vicinity, displays the map data by using traveling route information including map data and guidance information and vehicle position information which have been already received. Incidentally the vehicle position information is got from the position measuring section 240. On the other hand, when map data has not been received though guidance information has been received, the on-vehicle issues guidance for vehicle by using the guidance information without using map data (for example, indicates traveling directions by guidance direction and arrow indications and voice).
The on-vehicle terminal 210 also includes a map display guidance management section 245 and a terminal control section 250. The map display/guidance management section 245, when background data of the vehicle position and the vicinity has not been received though road data of the vehicle position and the vicinity has been received, displays a map with only road information. Further the section 245 sets map display contents or guidance contents according to type of the received contents. The terminal control section 250 controls the flow of overall processing of the on-vehicle terminal 210.
In this embodiment, the position measuring section 240 is a device which measures positions by GPS radio waves received by a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver, but positions may be measured using vehicle speed pulses, gyro, a geomagnetic sensor, or a combination of them. The input section 235 may be a remote control, a touch panel, a voice recognition input, or the like. Furthermore, as an alternative to the on-vehicle terminal 210, a portable terminal such as PDA or a cellular phone having GPS and other functions may be used.
The following describes a processing of transmitting map data by use of the transmission format between the map provision server 110 and the on-vehicle terminal 210. The map provision server 110 converts map data stored in the map database 145 into the transmission format in the format conversion section 130, and transmits the converted map data to the on-vehicle terminal 210 from the server communication section 115.
In the on-vehicle terminal, the terminal communication section 215 receives the converted map data, the transmission format restoration section 220 restores the map data (having the transmission format) received with the terminal communication section 215 to map data that can be handled in the on-vehicle terminal, and the map data storage/management section 225 stores the restored map data.
FIGS. 2 to 4 show a first embodiment of a map data transmitting method and a map information reception terminal (on-vehicle terminal) in a communication type navigation system. In the present embodiment, in the on-vehicle terminal 210, the position measuring section 240 measures a current position of the vehicle 200, the driver sets a destination through the input section 235, the current position information and destination information are transmitted to the map provision server 110 from the on-vehicle terminal 210.
In the map provision server 110, the route search/guidance information section 120 searches for a traveling route 11 between a starting place corresponding to the current position information and a destination corresponding to the destination information. The searched traveling route is an optimum traveling route between the starting place 5 and the destination 6 because, for example, the route is a route where traveling time is minimum, a route that least uses toll roads, or a route suitable for driving because of broad roads and few curves. The map cutout section 125 extracts map information 10 of the traveling route 11 and the vicinity from the map database 145.
A transmission order of the map data will be described with reference to
The transmission priority management section allocates areas, based on any one of the following:
(1) Allocate areas so that a map data amount in each area is almost equal. Specifically, small areas are cut out for urban areas and other areas that have dense data amounts, while large areas are cut out for suburban areas and other areas that have coarse data amounts.
(2) Allocate areas so that the calculating times of a map cutout processing, a transmission format conversion processing, and a transmission processing in each area are evaluated, and the sum total of the these times is almost constant among the areas.
(3) Allocate areas so that the route length of a traveling route contained in each area is almost constant among the areas.
By thus allocating areas, map data can be transmitted at an almost constant interval of time. Also, idle time (time during which map data for an area is being cut out and no data is transmitted) which is interval between the transmissions of map data for different areas can be minimized.
In the present embodiment, in the map provision server 110, the transmission format conversion section 130 performs format conversion for the traveling route information including guidance information searched for by the route search/guidance information calculation section 120. The server communication section 115 transmits the converted data 2 (route information block 21) to the on-vehicle terminal 210. Then, the map provision server 110 repeats the following processing according to instructions from the transmission priority management section 135. That is, the processing are a map cutout processing, a transmission format conversion processing and a transmission processing for each area, and these processing are carried out from an area of the starting place side toward an area of the destination side in order. In the map cutout processing, map information of each area is cut out separately to road data and background data.
According to the present embodiment, since map information blocks are divided into road data blocks and background data blocks, a map can be displayed upon reception of road data blocks obtained earlier, without waiting for reception of background data blocks. By receiving background data blocks obtained after reception of the road data blocks, the background data is overlaid on the map on which only the road data is displayed, so that complete map data is displayed. By thus displaying road data and background data on a map successively in stages (progressively), the map can be used in the course of map data reception.
A transmission order of the map data will be described referring to
Further, the road data of the second area 13, namely the road data adjacent to the destination side of the first area, is cut out by the map cutout section 125. The road data of the second area 13 is converted into the transmission format by the format conversion section 130, and the converted road data (second area road data block 23A) is transmitted via the server communication section 115. Then, the background data of the second area 13 adjacent to the destination side of the first area is cut out by the map cutout section 125. The background data of the second area 13 is converted into the transmission format by the format conversion section 130, and the converted background data (second area background data block 23B) is transmitted via the server communication section 115.
Thus, cutting out road data and background data for each block of such an area adjacent to the destination side, converting them into the transmission format conversion and transmitting them after converting are performed. The map provision server 110 repeats this processing until transmitting the N-th area road data block 25A being a block of a destination area 16, then an N-th area background data block 25A being a block of the destination area.
The transmission priority management section 135 directs a series of processing relating to the transmission of route information and the transmission of road data and background data. It also sets areas of data and background data that are to be cut out.
The following describes the on-vehicle terminal 210 side. In the on-vehicle terminal 210, first, the route information block 21, which is comprised of traveling route information including guidance information, is received. Subsequently, the road data block and the background data block for each area adjacent to the destination side in order are alternately received. The priority order for receiving those blocks is set so that the first area side (the starting place side) is higher than the N-th area side (the destination side). Accordingly, the N-th area road data block 25A and the N-th area road data block 25B are finally received.
Guidance start and map display timing are performed as shown in
In the next Step 2, upon receiving the data of the first area map information block 22, the on-vehicle terminal 210 immediately displays map data of the vehicle position and the vicinity on the terminal display section 230 by using the received first area map information block 22. In short, the turn-by-turn guidance mode displayed in Step 1 is switched to a map display mode. The switching is determined as follows. The map data storage/management section 225 determines whether map data exists. On the determination result, the map display/guidance management section 245 sets the map display mode when map data exists, and otherwise sets the turn-by-turn guidance mode.
After receiving the route information block 21 and the first area road data block 22A of the starting place and the vicinity 112, the on-vehicle terminal 210 displays a road map in which road data of the vehicle position and the vicinity is drawn, on the terminal display section 230. The displaying is carried out without waiting for the completion of the reception of the first area background data block 22B, and the guidance for vehicle starts. Upon the completion of the reception of first area background data block 22B, the on-vehicle terminal 210 superimposes the background data on the road map already drawn in the terminal display section 230 to display a complete map (a state in which roads and backgrounds are combined).
By thus performing map display and guiding, although the on-vehicle terminal 210 cannot display a map of the starting place and the vicinity to the driver, it can start the guidance for vehicle before receiving the map data. The on-vehicle terminal 210 can display a map upon reception of a road data block obtained earlier without waiting for reception of all data including background data blocks, and can quickly start the guidance. By thus displaying road data and background data on a map successively in stages, the on-vehicle terminal 210 can use the map in the course of map data reception. The driver can view the map without waiting for the acquisition of the map data of the whole route, and the on-vehicle terminal 210 can quickly start the guidance.
In the present embodiment, although having described that the guidance screen 1000 is displayed on the terminal display section 230, the on-vehicle terminal 210 may start the guidance by only voice without displaying the guidance screen 1000.
The following describes a guidance method in cases where the reception of map data of the vehicle position and the vicinity can not be completed after starting the guidance. Such cases where the reception of map data can not be completed are as follows: decreased communication speeds of the mobile phone network due to the congestion of the mobile phone network and bad wave situations; frequent occurrences of errors and repeated retransmissions due to bad wave situations.
In theses cases, Step 2 assumes the situation in which the vehicle 200 travels to X-th area and the reception of the map data of the X-th area (X area map information block 1030) is not completed. At this time, whether X area map information block 1030 exists or not is determined by the memory and map data management section 225. When it is determined that there is no X-th area map information block 1030, in the same way as start of the above guidance, a guidance screen 1011 is displayed on the terminal display section 230 for guidance by using the route information of the route information block 21 already acquired. In short, the map display/guidance management section 245 switches the display mode to the turn-by-turn guidance mode.
On the other hand, in the situation in which the reception of map data (X-th area map information block 1030) of the vehicle position (X area) and the vicinity is completed, as Step 3, a map screen 1020 of X-th area is displayed on the terminal display section 230 by using the received X-th area map information block 1030. In short, the map display/guidance management section 245 switches the display mode to the map display mode.
By doing so, even when the reception of the map data of the vehicle position and the vicinity is not in time for the guidance, the guidance can be continued. In short, route deviation due to interruption of guidance can be prevented.
Although the foregoing description assumes that the reception map data of X-th area is not completed, there may be a case where a map of the X-th area cannot be received due to a communication error. In such a case, the guidance for vehicle is performed in the turn-by-turn guidance mode in the course of traveling through the X-th area.
With reference to
Furthermore, the same processing as that of the starting place and the vicinity is performed for freeway data, main road data, narrow road data, and background data that relate to the second area 13 adjacent to the destination side of the first area. And second area freeway data block 23AA, second area main road data block 23AB, second area narrow road data block 23AC, and second area background data block 23B are transmitted in that order. These processing are repeated up to N-th area 16, and finally blocks of a destination area including N-th area freeway data block 25AA, N-th area main road data block 25AB, N-th area narrow road data block 25AC, and N-th area background data block 25B are transmitted in that order. A series of these processing are instructed by the transmission priority management section 135.
The following describes the on-vehicle terminal side 210. A difference from the first embodiment is in map data receiving order. Specifically, in the on-vehicle terminal 210, first, route information block 21, which is comprised of traveling route information including guidance information, is received. Then, the first area freeway data block 22AA of the starting place and the vicinity, the first area main road data block 22AB, the first area narrow road data block 22AC, and the first area background data blocks 22B are received in that order. Subsequently, the second area freeway data block 23AA adjacent to the destination side of first area freeway data block 22AA, the second area main road data block 23AB, the second area narrow road data block 23AC, and the second area background data block 23B are received in that order. After blocks of areas adjacent to the destination side are successively received, the N-th area freeway data block 25AA being a block of the destination area, N-th area main road data block 25AB, the N-th area narrow road data block 25AC, and the N-th area background data block 25B are finally received in that order. In the same way as in the embodiment described previously, data blocks received earlier are overlaid and displayed earlier on the screen.
By thus performing map display and guiding, a map can be displayed upon reception of freeway data blocks acquired earlier without waiting for all road data or background data. Since freeway data, main road data, narrow road data, and background data are displayed on a map in stages in that order, the map can be used in the course of map data reception. A series of the map display switching processing are instructed by the map display and guidance management section 245.
By these arrangements, the driver can view the map without waiting for acquisition of all map-data, and the on-vehicle terminal 210 can quickly start the guidance for vehicle.
In the present embodiment, according to instructions from the transmission priority management section 135, the map provision server 110 repeats map data cutout processing, transmission format conversion processing, and transmitting processing for each area from an area of the traveling route and the vicinity toward the outer circumference.
The following describes a transmission order of map data with reference to
Here, the transmission priority management section 135 allocates areas as in other embodiments.
Referring to
In Step 2, upon receiving a second area map information block 73, the on-vehicle terminal 210 uses the received second area map information block 73 and the first area map information block 72 already received in Step 1 so that a map including the first area map information block 72 and the second area map information block 73 can be drawn on the terminal display section 230. Furthermore, the on-vehicle terminal 210 makes it possible for the driver to select a reduced map of up to a 200-m scale using the input section 235 so that the map is displayed using the map data of the first area map information block 72 and the second area map information block with being fitted in a screen size of the terminal display section 230 to hide blanks from view. When the driver selects a 200-m scale by the input section 235, the on-vehicle terminal 210 displays a map of 200-m scale on the terminal display section 230 (200-m scale map screen 1410).
By thus receiving map information of adjacent outer circumferential areas, the on-vehicle terminal 210 makes it possible for the driver to select scales so that maps of the areas fit in a screen size of the terminal display section 230.
In Step 3, the on-vehicle terminal 210 receives N-th area map information block 75 relating to an outermost area. The on-vehicle terminal 210 makes it possible for the driver to select a reduced map of up to a 10-km scale using the input section so that the map is displayed, using the received N-th area map information block 75 and the map information blocks of areas already received within its circumference, with being fitted in a screen size of the terminal display section 230 so as to hide blanks from view. When the driver selects a 10-km scale by the input section, the on-vehicle terminal 210 displays a map of the 10-km scale in the terminal display section 230 (10-km scale map screen 1420). Scales specified by the driver may be not only 10 km but also 5 km, 2 km, 1 km, and 500 m to display maps in more detail. A series of the map display switching processing are instructed by the map display and guidance management section 245.
By thus performing map display and guidance, a map can be displayed upon reception of map of area (the traveling route and the vicinity) acquired earlier without waiting for all map information. Since maps are displayed gradually outward from the vicinity of the route, the driver can use the maps in the course of map data reception. The driver can view the maps without waiting for the acquisition of all map data, and the on-vehicle terminal 210 can quickly start the guidance for the vehicle.
Also in the third embodiment, since the map information is divided into road data and background data, the guidance for vehicle can be started immediately upon the reception of road data of the vicinity of the traveling route as in the first embodiment, without waiting for the reception of all map information. Furthermore, since the road data is divided into freeway data, main road data, and narrow road data, the guidance for vehicle can be started immediately upon the reception of freeway data of the vicinity of a traveling route as in the second embodiment, without waiting for the reception of all road data.
The following describes processing for deciding the range of cutting out a map along a traveling route.
Hereinafter, a description will be made of data stored in a map database 145 of the map provision server 110. Geographical data stored in the map database 145 includes road construction regions such as plains being regions where roads are constructed, and road-not-constructed regions being regions such as rivers and seas where no road is constructed. These geographical data is represented as sets of areas enclosed by line segments represented by a polygon form listing coordinates of starting points and ending points.
Road data stored in the map database 145 includes road position coordinates indicating the positions of roads on a map, road attributes indicating the attributes of roads indicated by the road position coordinates, and intersections where roads indicated by the road position coordinates intersect with each other. Information about roads stored as road attributes includes road types (expressways, trunk roads, regular roads, route numbers, etc.), road size (number of lanes and road width), the numbers of intersections (number of nodes of road link), and traveling charges. The road position coordinates are represented by polylines, which are a set of line segments for which coordinates of starting points and ending points are specified. Each road is drawn on a map by using the position information coordinates of a line segment corresponding to the road and information indicating the width of the road.
The map provision server 110 receives a user's route search request through the on-vehicle terminal 210. The route search request is made in the form of the character string of the address of a destination or the character string of the name of a destination, for example. Next, the map provision server 110 searches for a route from the route search request by using a route search section 1122. The route search section 1122 refers to the map database 145 when searching for a route. The map provision server 110 obtains a route from the starting point to the ending point as a result of the route search.
The following describes about making of a route vicinity map. A route vicinity map to be made by the map provision server 110 is a map showing an example of a route vicinity map, and is a route vicinity map produced by cutting out the route searched for by the user and peripheral geographical features covering the route. The map cutout section 125 of the map provision server 110 refers to the map database 145 from the route obtained by the route search, and makes a peripheral map containing the route. The map cutout section 125 can efficiently make map data by deciding the data amount of the route vicinity map according to the attributes of roads on the route.
The following gives a brief description of the generation of a route vicinity map with reference to
First, the decision of a display range (S2020) will be described. The map cutout section 125 decides proper points on the route except roads contained in the route vicinity map. Next, the map cutout section 125 decides the range of a map to be made, centering on a proper point on the route. When an intersection is contained in the range of the map to be generated, the map cutout section 125 may perform decision processing to expand the range of the map so that, even when the user mistakenly turns the intersection, the user can immediately return to the route.
Hereinafter, decision processing of a display range will be described in more detail with reference to
As shown in
The following describes processing of deciding the range of cutting out a map taking into account the return from a road intersecting with the route. The widths 2104 and 2105 with which maps are cut out along the trunk road or the regular road that intersects with the route is decided based on the width of a map displayed on the screen. To be exact, since the roads curve, the widths are somewhat larger than the width of the screen. When the scale of a map displayed on the screen is reduced to display a map of wider areas, as areas displayed become wider according to reduction in map scale, regular roads are hidden from view and only trunk roads are displayed. Therefore, the width of a map cut out along roads intersecting with regular roads depends on the types of the intersecting roads.
Furthermore, when an actually traveling road deviates from a guidance route because the driver has mistaken a traveling direction at an intersection or has attempted to detour to avoid congestion, a map cutout range may be expanded to contain the roads 2110 eligible as candidates for a return route to enable return to the guidance route. The roads eligible as candidates for a return route refer to a route for returning to the guidance route along trunk roads and regular roads that branch from intersections serving as guidance points and the guidance route, wherein the trunk roads and regular roads have the same level as a road branching from the guidance route. An area covering the route may be decided as a map cutout range. Roads eligible as candidates for a return route are obtained as follow. That is, for roads branching from a guidance route located from a destination by a search algorithm such as Dijkstra method, follow roads of the same level as the branching roads so that the costs of nodes of links corresponding to the roads successively decrease, and select a chain of such links as to again return to the guidance route or the destination. Here, the roads of the same level as the branching roads are followed in order that the return route is displayed at the same scale as at deviation from the route.
Addition of road data (S2040) will be described. The map cutout section 125 refers to the map database 145 and, to map data being generated, adds road data within an area of the map data. The map database 145 may select the roads to be added to the map data being generated according to road attributes. Specifically, since entrance to regular roads from an expressway does not occur without passing through an interchange of the expressway, when a road type being a road attribute of the route is expressway, roads of road types other than expressway may not be added to the map data being generated. As another example, since a vehicle traveling on a road of large road size such as three lanes in one way infrequently enters a road smaller in road size than the traveling road, when a road having a road size of three lanes in one way as a road attribute is included in the route, roads with one lane in one way may not be added to the map data being generated.
Hereinafter, as an example of adding roads to map data being made with road attributes in mind, a description will be made of an example of not adding roads of road types other than expressway to map data being made.
As an example of not adding roads of road types other than expressway to map data being made, as shown in
With reference to
The map provision server 110 includes a route search/guidance information calculation section 120 comprising: a starting place/destination input section 1121 for inputting a starting place and a destination transmitted from the on-vehicle terminal 210; a route search section 1122 for searching for a route between the starting place and the destination; and a map search area setting section 1123 for setting a map search area from map data, and a map cutout section 125: comprising a map element relating data extracting section 1124 for associating map elements and roads; a data amount target value calculating section 1125 for calculating a target value of the amount of data transmitted from the map information providing server 20 to the on-vehicle terminal 210; a data amount reduction rate calculating section 1126 for calculating a target reduction rate of a data amount based on a target value of data amount and a data amount of the map information to be transmitted; a data amount reduction method selecting section 1127 for selecting a method of reducing a data amount of map information based on a target reduction rate of data amount; a data amount reduction execution section 1128 for reducing a data amount of map information to be transmitted by a selected reduction method; and a map database 145 for storing map information.
An example of map data containing route information from a starting place to a destination is described below. However, map information, without being limited to this example, contains various related information.
With reference to
The map database table 301 stores a lot of map element data, which includes identification number ID, layer number, category number, figure type, figure data, and name. An identification number ID is a four-digit number for identifying a map element. A layer number indicates a category table name of map elements such as road, railway, and field, as described in the layer table 302. A category number indicates the contents of categories as described in different types of category tables 303 to 306. Figure types and figure data will be described with reference to
For example, for a map element to which an identification number 2001 is assigned, the layer number is 200, which indicates railways as described in the layer table 302, and the category is 10, which indicates JR as described in the railway category table 304. The name is “Chuo Line.”
With reference to
With reference to
In Step S201, based on a starting place and a destination D210, a route connecting both is searched for, and a map search area is set. As described below, this processing is performed by the route search section 1122 and the map search area setting section 1123.
With reference to
Next, the map search area setting section 1123 finds a circumscribed rectangle of route 513 and defines it as a route area 1514. Furthermore, it adds specified widths vertically and horizontally so as to surround the route area 514, thereby setting a map search area 515. By leaving spaces in surroundings, an appropriate range can be displayed. The route 513 and the map search area 515 are used in Steps S204 and S206 below.
Referring back to
The related map data may be stored in the map database 145. As to the map elements and roads relating processing in Step 202, the result of having performed the processing in advance for all areas of the map database 145 may be stored.
With reference to
In the example shown in the drawing, a landmark of identification number 4004 is a bank because the category is 10. As roads having coordinates closest to the coordinates of this bank, roads of identification numbers of 1003 and 1006 are detected. When roads adjacent to the bank are thus detected, identification numbers 1003 and 1006 are added to the field 601 of “Adjacent road ID” of the bank data of identification number 4004 in map database table 301.
With reference to
In the example shown in the drawing, a map element of identification number 3002 is a field because the layer number is 300 and a park because the category is 20. As a road having coordinates closest to the coordinates of this park, roads having identification numbers ID of 1003 and 1006 are detected. When roads adjacent to the park are thus detected, identification numbers 1003 and 1006 are added to the field 701 of “Adjacent road ID” of the park data of identification number 3002 in map database table 301.
Referring back to
The communication rate D213 is determined by dividing the amount of data representative of conditions and the like sent during a request from the on-vehicle terminal 210 by the time required until the data arrives at the map provision server 110. Alternatively, the communication rate D213 may be determined by in advance preparing a communication rate table containing execution communication rates by use time zone by region calculated from previous statistics and selecting a pertinent item from the table.
A transmission completion target time, which is time required to complete one transmission of map information, is set to an appropriate time so as not to annoy the user. For example, when a communication rate is 64 kbps and a transmission completion target time is 10 seconds, a target value of the amount of data to be transmitted is 80 kbps. A target value of the amount of data to be transmitted to the on-vehicle terminal 210 may be decided based on the upper limit of user-specified data delivery charges instead of transmission completion target time.
In Step S204, a target reduction rate of data amount is calculated. This processing is performed by the data reduction rate calculating section 1126. A target reduction rate of data amount is obtained by dividing the target value D215 of transmission data amount supplied from the data amount target value calculating section 1125 by the data amount D216 of the map search area 515 supplied from the map search area setting section 1123.
In Step S205, an optimum reduction method is selected based on the calculated data amount target reduction rate D217 and the reduction rate table D218. This processing is performed by the data reduction method selecting section 1127.
An optimum reduction method is to obtain a reduction rate that is greater than and closest to a target reduction rate. For example, when a target value of transmission data amount is 80 Kbyte, a data amount after reduction processing must be less than and closest to 80 Kbyte. One or plural reduction methods may be selected.
The data amount reduction method selecting section 1127 sequences optimum reduction methods, when plural, and outputs them to the data amount reduction processing execution section 1128 as execution command data D220. When road/background/landmark selection processing is included in the selected reduction method, the execution command data D220 is specified so as to first perform the processing. This is because the road/background/landmark selection processing has a great reduction effect because it selectively omits the very figure elements, while linearizing processing and other processing generally have a small reduction rate and are suitable for fine adjustments because they only selectively omit figure components.
The structure of a reduction rate table will be described with reference to
The reduction rate table is prepared in advance by implementing reduction methods at plural locations of map data used and finding the averages of reduction rates obtained by the methods. Or, since reduction rates are expected to be different depending on regions used even when map data is identical, for example, to differentiate between urban areas and suburban areas, it is effective to define a reduction rate for each density of road data, calculate the density of road data of map data used during reference to a reduction rate table, and selectively use a closest reduction rate.
Maintenance and updating of a reduction rate table once prepared is expected to increase in precision by reflecting reduction rates obtained when reduction methods are actually executed, in the reduction rate table by statistical processing. That is, in the data amount reduction processing of Step S206 described below, the data of the reduction rate table D218 may be updated using actual reduction rates obtained when reduction methods are executed. These reduction methods will be described in detail later.
Referring back to
In this example, since the map information to be transmitted does not exceed the target value of transmission data amount, it is transmitted to the on-vehicle terminal 210 within target time. As a result, the user will not be annoyed by the length of transmission wait time.
With reference to
Of the data amount reduction processing 911 to 932, processing described in the execution command data 220 are sequentially performed for the map data D211.
Map data before execution of the processing is saved, and when the map data after execution of the processing is reduced beyond the target reduction rate, the map data saved in advance is restored by the selection control adjustment processing section 950. Then, reduction processing smaller in reduction rate than the reduction processing described above is selected from the reduction rate table, and performed.
On the other hand, even after all the reduction processing described in the execution command data D220 have been terminated, when the target reduction rate has not been achieved, reduction processing other than the processing described in the execution command data D220 is selected and performed. As reduction processing in this case, appropriate reduction processing is decided by referring to the reduction rate table, based on the amount of the map data at the time when the processing described in the execution command data D220 have been terminated.
With this, even when the amount of the map data after actual reduction processing becomes smaller or larger than an initial target map data amount, reduction processing can be appropriately reselected, so that the target reduction rate can be achieved. The following describes in detail the individual reduction processing.
The operation of the road figure selecting section 911 will be described with reference to
As shown in
In the assignment of priorities to roads, according to map data used and the number of types included in the map data, conditions of defining priority and the order of priority may be changed.
The operation of the road figure selecting section 911 will be described with reference to
Thus, in this example, since road information data extracted from the map search area 515 is transmitted, the amount of data to be transmitted to the user can be reduced.
The operation of the background figure selecting section 912 will be described with reference to
In Step S1301, the identification number ID and the priority of a road figure selected by the road figure selecting section 911 are read. In Step S1302, background figure data having the identification number ID of the road figure read in Step S1301 that is described in the “adjacent road ID” field of background figure data as shown
For example, when the identification number of a road map figure selected by the road figure selecting section 911 is 1003, its priority is p3 as shown in
When priorities have been assigned to background figures, next, according to the priorities, background figures are extracted from the map search area 515 and are added to the above-mentioned road information data. Thus, as the transmission data, map information in which the background figures are added to the road information is generated.
The operation of the landmark figure selecting section 913 will be described with reference to
In Step 1401, the identification number ID and the priority of the road figure selected by the road figure selecting section 911 are read. In Step 1402, landmark figure data having the identification number ID of the road figure read in Step S1401 that is described in the adjacent road ID field of the landmark figure data as shown
When priorities have been assigned to landmark figures, next, according to the priorities, landmark figures are extracted from the map search area 515 and are added to the above-mentioned road information data. Thus, as the transmission data, map information in which the landmark figures are added to the road information is generated.
In
By adding background figures and landmark figures to road data, the visibility of the map data increases, and the user can easily recognize a starting place, current location, or a destination.
Although, in this example, the case of adding background figures or landmark figures to road data is described, other related information may also be added within a target value of data amount.
The operation of the first polyline figure linearizing section 921 will be described with reference to
As shown
The operation of the second polyline figure linearizing section 922 will be described with reference to
F1=d1max/L1<e1
F2=d1max<e2.
e1 and e2 are evaluation functions. A first evaluation function e1 gives a threshold of the ratio between the length of the longest perpendicular and the distance between the starting point and the ending point, and is used to perform thinning processing that doesn't depend on scales. Accordingly, the first evaluation function e1 gives an identical value as long as the shape of a polyline is identical, even when scales are different. A second evaluation function e2 gives a threshold of the length of the longest perpendicular and provides effective thinning processing when a scale range (maximum enlargement rate) is decided. This function is effective to eliminate minute projections and depressions.
When the evaluation expressions are satisfied, the polyline is replaced by the straight line SG, and the processing is terminated. When the evaluation expressions are not satisfied, as shown in
Thus, according to this example, since roads of complicated shapes are replaced by roads of simple shapes, the data amount of map information decreases.
With reference to
Assume that the length of the perpendicular MN1 is H1 in
Referring back to
For example, from among line segments of two polyline figures, pairs of line segments satisfying the above-mentioned two conditions are detected, and a polyline figure comprising line segments connecting their middle points is generated. Or, when one of two adjacent polyline figures is a main road and the other is an auxiliary road, the auxiliary road may be integrated into the main road. Or narrow roads may be integrated into broad roads. By thus integrating two adjacent roads one after another, roads are reduced and a map information data amount is reduced.
With reference to
A method of finding feature quantities of vertex P1 is described. From the vertex P1, a perpendicular is drawn to a line P1P8 connecting vertexes P2 and P3 at both sides of the vertex P1, and the length d1 of the perpendicular is assumed to be a feature quantity of the vertex P1.
Feature quantities of all vertexes of the polygon are found, and vertexes having feature quantities smaller than a predetermined threshold are deleted.
Thus, in this example, since polygons are replaced by simpler shapes, the data amount of map information is reduced.
With reference to
Thus, in this example, since the route information is divided to be transmitted, a data amount in one transmission can be reduced.
With reference to
Thus, in this example, since the route information is divided to be transmitted, the amount of data to be transmitted can be reduced.
In the above-mentioned example, a description was made of an example of transmitting route information as a map information, based on starting place and destination information transmitted from the user. However, it is also possible to transmit map information other than the route information according to user requests.
In the above-mentioned embodiment, blocks of the map data to be transmitted is determined based on transmission data amounts. However, the map data may be divided for each of map meshes covering a cutout range of a map along the route (route vicinity map) and the divided segments of the map data may be transmitted in order along the route.
As described previously, when maps cut out along the guidance route are downloaded after being divided at plural points on the route, the maps cannot be obtained stably outside zones where communication devices such as cellular phones are capable of communications or in zones where communication failures occur frequently. By managing maps downloaded to the on-vehicle terminal by number in units of meshes, the on-vehicle terminal can easily determine whether the maps have been downloaded (stored), and can avoid duplicately downloading a map of the same place by downloading only portions not stored from the server. In short, the maps can be easily re-used. However, when the vehicle is guided along the route, maps have only to have a certain distance width from the route. In such a case, in a mesh in which only slight portion of the route is included, a portion in which portions exceeding the certain width exist may also be downloaded, resulting in useless maps being also downloaded.
On the other hand, although maps of useless portions are not transmitted because maps having a certain distance width from the route are cut out and transmitted, since reuse of maps is not taken into consideration, maps of places through which the vehicle passed previously must also be downloaded each time.
The following describes processing in the case where maps cut out along a guidance route are re-used in the on-vehicle terminal.
As a result of a route search request to the map provision server 110, route link information being information about a route is transmitted from the map provision server 110 as a search result. At this time, the map provision server 11 can transmit together a whole route display map for displaying the whole route, as information about a route searched for. Upon receiving it through the terminal communication section 215, the map data storage/management section 225 stores the whole route display map having been transmitted along with the route link information. On the other hand, a request generating section not shown in the drawing, in response to the selection decision input from the user, requests the map provision server 110 to transmit a route vicinity map used to guide the route. Map data transmitted from the map provision server 110 in response to the route vicinity map request is stored as a route vicinity map in the map data storage/management section 225, and a map management table 1014 and a route information management table that manage the map data having been sent and link information of a route corresponding to it are updated.
The map cutout section 125, in response to a request from the on-vehicle terminal 210, cuts out a route vicinity map so as to cover the searched route. The route vicinity map is cut out so as to encompass the route as shown in
In map information stored in the map database 145, an identification number is assigned, as a link ID (road ID), to each of roads between intersections. These link IDs will be referred to as LINK001 to LINK061, for example. As a result, a train of assigned link IDs are uniquely associated with roads making up a route obtained by route search. A link train ID is a number assigned to a group of plural link IDs. Here, for convenience of description, a link train ID will be referred to as LL001, for example. Specifically, a link train ID is assigned to a group of link IDs assigned to roads between intersections of main roads, between sections of same types of roads such as national roads, prefecture roads, and city roads, or sections of identical road numbers of national roads and prefecture roads. Therefore, roads that the vehicle has already traveled can be identified roughly by link train IDs and in more detail by link IDs.
When the map data of a route vicinity map is divided into meshes for management, the map data includes a route ID for identifying a route and a transmission data size of the map data, followed by a train of map data divided into meshes. Map data of each mesh includes a mesh ID for identifying the mesh, road data, background data, and name data. A mesh ID includes mesh code of the mesh. Road data includes a road link number, coordinate data representative of a road shape corresponding to the link number, regulation data such as one-way traffic, and road connection information for performing map matching and route search. The route search data is also transmitted in order that the on-vehicle terminal 210 uses it when searching for a route for returning to an initial recommended route by itself when the traveling vehicle deviates for some reason from the recommended route used for route guiding. The background data, which is data for performing geometrical display other than roads, is geographical features such as ponds and rivers, and area shapes of various facilities such as parks. The name data is the name data of roads, facilities, place names, and the like. When all map data is transmitted, the map data in the vicinity of the route up to the destination is arranged in units of meshes, as shown in
The table for meshes stores route link train IDs and mesh IDs of maps in the vicinity of the route link train IDs, the mesh IDs being associated with each of the route link train IDs. Here, the route link train IDs is obtained by examining route link train data downloaded from a navigation server and obtaining route link trains contained in a mesh for each mesh. When a mesh of a map corresponding to a peripheral area of a link train differs from a mesh through which the link train passes, to determine to which route link train a map mesh through which the route does not pass corresponds, by checking link IDs and link train IDs contained in road data of each mesh transmitted as map data and obtaining coordinates corresponding to a peripheral area of each link from the coordinate information, mesh code of mesh corresponding to the peripheral area can be obtained from the coordinate value. By using the map management table, it can be determined in which map mesh a peripheral area of each link train in a certain route is contained.
The mesh data table is a table for managing by mesh ID the names of mesh data being actual map data. However, since mesh data is map data obtained by cutting out a peripheral area of a route, when a route ID is different even when a mesh ID is the same, the mesh data is managed as different mesh data. Therefore, mesh data names are managed by combinations of mesh ID and route ID. Even in the case of a different route ID for a same mesh ID, since same mesh data may be used, whether mesh data contained in a map mesh of the same mesh ID is shared by respective route IDs is determined by whether route link train IDs corresponding to a peripheral area of the mesh ID are all the same. Therefore, the mesh data file manages the correspondences between mesh IDs and IDs of route link trains corresponding to the mesh IDs, in contrast to the table for meshes. In the case of the example shown in
In the case of cutting out a route vicinity map of a route to the destination that is different from a route on which the vehicle has already traveled, when route link train data is received to update the map management table, of the map data of a route vicinity map corresponding to the route, only the map data of different route portions has to be downloaded.
When a map of return route is transmitted, since map data has been transmitted during outward route traveling, new map data is not required when the vehicle travels on the same route, and only data on the route has to be transmitted. Therefore, when a return route is different from an outward route, like the above-mentioned example, only map data not yet downloaded is required correspondingly to new links, the amount of transmission data can be reduced similarly.
When the on-vehicle terminal 210 provides a screen information storage section for storing display specification information such as a screen size of display 41, the map provision server 110 can refer to it to determine the format of map data to be transmitted. The screen size information of the terminal display section 230 stored in this screen information storage section is transmitted to the map provision server 110 during connection with the map provision server 110 when the on-vehicle terminal 210 is used.
When a whole route map accommodating to the on-vehicle terminal is generated, when the screen size of the on-vehicle terminal 210 is larger than that of a predetermined drawing size (640×480 dots, for example), the whole route map is generated as a vector map. When the screen is smaller (320×240 dots, for example), the whole route map is generated as a raster map. This is because when the screen is smaller, when information of map elements to be drawn is transmitted, the data amount of a raster map expanded in advance to pixel data is smaller than that of vector data, while, when the screen is larger, a vector map transmitted as vector data for each of map elements is smaller in data amount than a raster map all pixel data is transmitted. Therefore, the map provision server 110 can know the screen size of the on-vehicle terminal 210 by any of the following methods: (1) the on-vehicle terminal 210 adds screen size information when transmitting a route search request, and (2) the map provision server 110 manages information indicating features/specifications of each on-vehicle terminal in advance, and determines an on-vehicle terminal eligible for transmission by checking the ID of the on-vehicle terminal 210 when communicating with it.
By transmitting the whole route map while changing data formats according to the screen size of the on-vehicle terminal 210 as described above, maps can be transmitted without redundancy, taking the screen size of the on-vehicle terminal into account, and the whole route map can be transmitted to the on-vehicle terminal with a minimum amount of data.
In this example, the mesh IDs of map meshes required in the on-vehicle terminal 210 are obtained by the map provision server 110. Therefore, since the mesh IDs do not need to be transmitted from the on-vehicle terminal 210 to the map provision server 110, reduction in communication data amounts, improvement in response, and lower communication charges can be achieved along with less processing in the on-vehicle terminal 210, resulting in increased operability of the on-vehicle terminal.
According to this construction, since maps downloaded once can be effectively re-used by the navigation device, reduction in communication costs and improvement in response can be achieved. A communication type navigation system can be realized which cuts out, without omitting information useful for user's traveling, route vicinity maps with data amounts effectively reduced along a route by the server and transmits them to the on-vehicle terminal, and yet enables reuse of maps of route portions through which the vehicle passed previously. Since the data amount of map data has been reduced, the on-vehicle terminal being a navigation client can reduce an area for storing the map data. Moreover, reduced communication data amounts contribute to reduction in communication charges.
According to the present invention, in the car navigation system, route vicinity maps generated by the navigation server can be effectively transmitted to users. Even when the data amount of map information is reduced, the map provision server maintains the features and visibility of the map information. Accordingly, the users can obtain desired information from the map information. As a result, the users can benefit from improved responsibility in use of map data without heavily losing convenience, and significant reduction in time from the selection of a destination to the start of guiding in the communication type navigation system.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2002307547 | Oct 2002 | JP | national |
| 2003123127 | Apr 2003 | JP | national |
| 2003175866 | Jun 2003 | JP | national |
| 2003355778 | Oct 2003 | JP | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP03/13483 | 10/22/2003 | WO | 10/18/2005 |
