Patent Grant
7156707
This invention relates to a marine propulsion system and, in particular, to a propulsion system suitable for an outboard motor or stern drive. However, the system has application to other drive systems, such as V-drives and direct drives.
Marine propulsion systems generally comprise outboard motors or stern drive systems which transmit rotary power to a propeller to drive a boat through water. The propeller includes propeller blades which are angled to provide propulsion through the water. The angle or pitch of the blades relative to a radial axis transverse to the drive axis of the propeller is generally fixed and selected to provide maximum efficiency at maximum speed or cruise speed of the boat to which the system is used. The pitch is generally less efficient at take-off when the boat is driven from stationary up to the cruise speed, which inefficiency results in increased fuel consumption and a longer time for the boat, to move from the stationary to cruise speed. If the propeller has too large pitch, the power of the engine may not be sufficient to accelerate the boat to planing speed.
In order to overcome this problem, variable pitch propeller systems have been proposed in which the pitch of the propeller blades can be altered to suit the changing operating conditions of the propulsion system. Our International Application No. PCT/AU99/00276 discloses such a system which is particularly suitable for outboard motor applications.
Pitch control systems which are used in stern drives generally comprise hydraulic systems for adjusting the propeller pitch and are therefore relatively expensive and complicated. The size of such systems can also be of issue because it is generally desired that the drive system be as small as possible to minimise drag through the water and weight of the system.
As a consequence, conventional systems are generally not suitable for retrofit to existing stern drives.
Controllable pitch systems also suffer from the problem that if the system breaks down, it is possible that the pitch of the propeller blades will be in a position where it makes emergency propulsion of the boat impossible so that the boat cannot be driven by the propulsion system even if the motor is operable to rotate the propeller.
Furtherstill, the fact that the propeller blades are adjustable in pitch means that the propeller hub is generally complicated and includes a number of parts which usually include bevel gear arrangements. Such arrangements have been found to allow some oscillation of the propeller blades around their fixed position which can significantly impair operation of the propeller in some operating conditions.
A first invention relates to a propulsion system which does not rely on hydraulics in order to adjust the pitch of the propeller blades, and which is relatively simple and compact, and therefore can be used as a retrofit in existing stern drives, as an outboard system or as original equipment in a propulsion system of a boat.
This invention may be said to reside in a marine propulsion system to be driven by a motor, the system comprising:
This invention therefore provides a mechanical system which moves the propeller blades to adjust their position and therefore is relatively simple and can therefore be installed in minimum space. Thus, the system can easily be retrofit to existing stern drives, or form a propulsion system for an outboard motor or other drive system, or be provided as original equipment.
Preferably the drive comprises:
Preferably the second drive shaft is hollow and the push rod is arranged in the second drive shaft so that the push rod can rotate with the second drive shaft whilst being moveable in the first and second directions along the first axis.
Preferably the push rod has a retaining member for retaining the bolt for movement in the direction of the first axis, but preventing rotation of the bolt about the first axis.
Preferably the chamber is formed by a flange on the bolt and a cover connected to the flange, the thrust portion of the push rod having a pair of thrust surfaces, and thrust bearing disposed between one of the thrust surfaces and the flange, and the other of the thrust surfaces and the cover.
Preferably the nut member has an open ended recess for accommodating the flange and the cover and for facilitating movement of the push rod relative to the nut member when the nut member is rotated.
Preferably the control mechanism comprises a control shaft, a gear mounted on the control shaft for meshing with a gear on the nut member, and a motor for driving the control shaft.
The motor is preferably an electric motor such as a stepper motor or servo motor for providing precise control over the rotation of the control shaft to in turn precisely rotate the nut and drive the push rod to adjust the pitch of the propellers. However, in other embodiments, a hydraulic motor or system or any other suitable electric motor could be used for driving the control shaft.
Preferably the coupling mechanism comprises an engaging element for engagement with the push rod, the engaging element having an arm for each of the propeller blades, each arm having a moveable joint member which carries a pin, an eccentric engaged with the pin, a propeller base mounted on the eccentric, the propeller base having a tapered surface and the hub having a corresponding tapered surface for engaging the tapered surface of the base, and whereupon movement of the push rod causes an initial tilting movement of the joint and pin so as to rotate the eccentric to pull the tapered surface of the base away from the tapered surface of the hub to thereby release the propeller blade for pitch adjustment, and continued movement of the push rod continues to move the coupling element and arm so as to rotate the eccentric and the base about the respective transverse axis to thereby adjust the pitch of the propeller blade to an adjusted position, and whereupon when movement of the push rod ceases, the pin and joint are able to return to an equilibrium position so the eccentric returns to its equilibrium position to reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub and lock the propeller blade in the adjusted position.
Preferably a biasing element is provided for biasing the base so that the tapered surface of the base is pushed towards the tapered surface of the hub, and whereupon the rotation of the eccentric moves the base against the bias of the biasing element, and upon ceasing of movement of the push rod, the biasing element biases the base so as to return the eccentric and the pin and joint to their equilibrium position and reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub.
Preferably the engaging element comprises a claw having a plurality of fingers, each finger being connected to a respective one of the arms.
Preferably the system includes an emergency pitch adjuster for adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades to a predetermined position in the event of breakdown of the control mechanism, the emergency pitch adjuster comprising:
Thus, by repeated manual depression of the flexible push element, the control member and therefore the pitch of the propellers can be indexed into a predetermined position, such as a fully forward position, to thereby enable the propeller blades to be in a position where drive of the hub will enable the propeller blades to propel the boat so the boat can limp home.
A second invention is concerned with providing an emergency pitch adjuster in the event that the control mechanism, and in particular the control motor or its control, breaks down so the pitch of the propeller blades can be moved to a predetermined position which will enable operation of the propulsion system.
This invention may be said to reside in a marine propulsion system to be driven by a motor, the system comprising:
Thus, in the event of breakdown of the pitch adjusting mechanism and the pitch of the propeller blades being left in a position where the boat cannot again take off, the pitch can be adjusted into, for example, a fully forward position so that if the propulsion system is otherwise operational, the boat can at least limp home.
Preferably the rotary member is a sprocket gear having flanges for engagement by the abutment member.
Preferably the drive comprises:
Preferably a propeller blade coupling mechanism is provided in the hub for coupling the propeller blades to the hub so the propeller blades can be adjusted in pitch about respective axes transverse to the first axis, and the system further includes a push member for moving the coupling mechanism to thereby move the propeller blades, and therefore adjust the pitch of the propeller blades, and wherein the control mechanism is for moving the push member in a linear manner to thereby move the coupling mechanism.
Preferably the push member comprises a push rod and a bolt provided about the push rod so the push rod can rotate relative to the bolt, the screw thread of the push member being provided on the bolt, the bolt having a chamber for receiving a thrust portion of the push rod so that upon rotation of the nut in one direction, the bolt is moved in a first direction parallel to the first axis and the push rod is moved with the bolt whilst being able to rotate within the bolt because of the engagement of the thrust portion in the chamber, and upon rotation of the nut member in the opposite direction, the bolt and the push rod are moved in a second direction opposite the first direction parallel to the first axis because of the engagement of the thrust portion of the push rod in the chamber.
Preferably the second drive shaft is hollow and the push rod is arranged in the second drive shaft so that the push rod can rotate with the second drive shaft whilst being moveable in the first and second directions along the first axis.
Preferably the push rod has a retaining member for retaining the bolt for movement in the direction of the first axis, but preventing rotation of the bolt about the first axis.
Preferably the chamber is formed by a flange on the bolt and a cover connected to the flange, the thrust portion of the push rod having a pair of thrust surfaces, and thrust bearing disposed between one of the thrust surfaces and the flange, and the other of the thrust surfaces and the cover.
Preferably the nut member has an open ended recess for accommodating the flange and the cover and for facilitating movement of the push rod relative to the nut member when the nut member is rotated.
Preferably the control mechanism comprises a control shaft, a gear mounted on the control shaft for meshing with a gear on the nut member, and a motor for driving the control shaft, and wherein the gear coupled to the control mechanism for engagement by the push element is mounted on the control shaft.
The motor is preferably an electric motor such as a stepper motor or servo motor for providing precise control over the rotation of the control shaft to in turn precisely rotate the nut and drive the push rod to adjust the pitch of the propellers. However, in other embodiments, a hydraulic motor or system could be used for driving the control shaft.
Preferably the coupling mechanism comprises an engaging element for engagement with the push rod, the engaging element having an arm for each of the propeller blades, each arm having a moveable joint member which carries a pin, an eccentric engaged with the pin, a propeller base mounted on the eccentric, the propeller base having a tapered surface and the hub having a corresponding tapered surface for engaging the tapered surface of the base, and whereupon movement of the push rod causes an initial tilting movement of the joint and pin so as to rotate the eccentric to pull the tapered surface of the base away from the tapered surface of the hub to thereby release the propeller blade for pitch adjustment, and continued movement of the push rod continues to move the coupling element and arm so as to rotate the eccentric and the base about the respective transverse axis to thereby adjust the pitch of the propeller blade to an adjusted position, and whereupon when movement of the push rod ceases, the pin and joint are able to return to an equilibrium position so the eccentric returns to its equilibrium position to reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub and lock the propeller blade in the adjusted position.
Preferably a biasing element is provided for biasing the base so that the tapered surface of the base is pushed towards the tapered surface of the hub, and whereupon the rotation of the eccentric moves the base against the bias of the biasing element, and upon ceasing of movement of the push rod, the biasing element biases the base so as to return the eccentric and the pin and joint to their equilibrium position and reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub.
Preferably the engaging element comprises a claw having a plurality of fingers, each finger being connected to a respective one of the arms.
A third invention is concerned with the manner in which the control mechanism for controlling the pitch of the propeller is arranged, to also result in a minimum of space being occupied and also to enable the system to be retrofit to an existing stern drive, or used in an outboard motor, or as original equipment.
This invention may be said to reside in a stern drive for a boat and for receiving rotary input power from a motor located in the boat, the stern drive comprising:
This relative disposition of the components of the control mechanism, and the manner in which the control mechanism is driven enables the propulsion system to be fitted into existing stern drive with minimal, if any, disruption or alteration to the operating components of the stern leg. Thus, steering control, exhaust outlet and conventional drive can therefore be supplied without any disruption whilst enabling the stern drive to be provided with a pitch control mechanism for controlling the pitch of the propeller blades.
Preferably the drive element comprises a flexible drive element.
Preferably the stern leg has a drive for driving the propeller about the first axis.
Preferably the drive comprises:
Preferably the stern drive has a coupling mechanism in the hub for adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades, and a push member for moving the coupling mechanism to thereby cause adjustment of the pitch of the propeller blades, the push member having a screw thread, a nut member having a screw thread and engaging the screw thread of the push member, and the control shaft being coupled to the nut member for rotating the nut member.
Preferably the push member comprises a push rod and a bolt provided about the push rod so the push rod can rotate relative to the bolt, the screw thread of the push member being provided on the bolt, the bolt having a chamber for receiving a thrust portion of the push rod so that upon rotation of the nut in one direction, the bolt is moved in a first direction parallel to the first axis and the push rod is moved with the bolt whilst being able to rotate within the bolt because of the engagement of the thrust portion in the chamber, and upon rotation of the nut member in the opposite direction, the bolt and the push rod are moved in a second direction opposite the first direction parallel to the first axis because of the engagement of the thrust portion of the push rod in the chamber.
Preferably the second drive shaft is hollow and the push rod is arranged in the second drive shaft so that the push rod can rotate with the second drive shaft whilst being moveable in the first and second directions along the first axis.
Preferably the push rod has a retaining member for retaining the bolt for movement in the direction of the first axis, but preventing rotation of the bolt about the first axis.
Preferably the chamber is formed by a flange on the bolt and a cover connected to the flange, the thrust portion of the push rod having a pair of thrust surfaces, and thrust bearing disposed between one of the thrust surfaces and the flange, and the other of the thrust surfaces and the cover.
Preferably the nut member has an open ended recess for accommodating the flange and the cover and for facilitating movement of the push rod relative to the nut member when the nut member is rotated.
Preferably the driver comprises a motor.
The motor is preferably an electric motor such as a stepper motor or servo motor for providing precise control over the rotation of the control shaft to in turn precisely rotate the nut and drive the push rod to adjust the pitch of the propellers. However, in other embodiments, a hydraulic motor or system could be used for driving the control shaft.
Preferably the coupling mechanism comprises an engaging element for engagement with the push rod, the engaging element having an arm for each of the propeller blades, each arm having a moveable joint member which carries a pin, an eccentric engaged with the pin, a propeller base mounted to the eccentric, the propeller base having a tapered surface and the hub having a corresponding tapered surface for engaging the tapered surface of the base, and whereupon movement of the push rod causes an initial tilting movement of the joint and pin so as to rotate the eccentric about an eccentric axis to pull the tapered surface of the base away from the tapered surface of the hub to thereby release the propeller blade for pitch adjustment, and continued movement of the push rod continues to move the coupling element and arm so as to rotate the eccentric and the base about the respective transverse axis to thereby adjust the pitch of the propeller blade to an adjusted position, and whereupon when movement of the push rod ceases, the pin and joint are able to return to an equilibrium position so the eccentric returns to its equilibrium position to reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub and lock the propeller blade in the adjusted position.
Preferably a biasing element is provided for biasing the base so that the tapered surface of the base is pushed towards the tapered surface of the hub, and whereupon the rotation of the eccentric moves the base against the bias of the biasing element, and upon ceasing of movement of the push rod, the biasing element biases the base so as to return the eccentric and the pin and joint to their equilibrium position and reengage the tapered surface of the base with the tapered surface of the hub.
Preferably the engaging element comprises a claw having a plurality of fingers, each finger being connected to a respective one of the arms.
Preferably the system includes an emergency pitch adjuster for adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades to a predetermined position in the event of breakdown of the control mechanism, the emergency pitch adjuster comprising:
A further invention concerns the structure of the propeller hub which provides for adjustment of the pitch of the propeller blades and, in particular, which addresses high oscillating forces to which the propeller hub is subjected when the propeller is in operation.
This invention may be said to reside in a propeller for a marine propulsion system, comprising:
Because the base is unlocked to enable pitch adjustment then re-locked, the propeller is fixed solid in the pitch adjusted position, and therefore high oscillating forces to which the propeller hub is subjected when the propeller is in operation, do not interfere with the pitch adjusted position of the propeller blade.
Preferably the unlocking mechanism and the re-locking mechanism comprise a common locking and unlocking mechanism.
Preferably the common locking and unlocking mechanism comprise a stem on each base, a respective eccentric coupled to each stem, a respective pin mounted to each eccentric, a push rod for moving the pins to in turn rotate the eccentrics so that the eccentrics push the stems, and therefore the bases, radially inwardly with respect to the hub to unlock the base by radially inward movement of the inclined surface of each base away from the corresponding inclined surface of each opening and after the pitch of the propeller blades have been adjusted, enables radially outward movement of the stems and therefore the bases to re-engage the respective inclined surface of the bases with the respective inclined surfaces of the opening to re-lock the bases and therefore the propeller blades in the pitch adjusted position.
Preferably the push rod is coupled to a claw which has a respective arm for each of the propeller blades, each arm being mounted to a respective pin by a socket and eye joint.
Preferably biasing elements are provided for biasing the stems and therefore the bases radially outwardly into the position where the tapered surface of the respective bases engage with the tapered surface of the respective openings, and unlocking movement of the bases biases the biasing elements so that after the propeller blades are moved to a pitch adjusted position, the biasing element biases the stems radially outwardly to re-engage the tapered surface of the respective bases with the tapered surface of the respective openings.
Preferably the biasing elements comprise spring washers.
Preferably the pin locates in a recess in the base so that after the pin rotates the shaft, the pin engages the base to thereby rotate the base about the transverse axis to adjust the pitch of the propeller blade.
Preferably a fixed bridge is located between each base and each eccentric, the bridge having an arcuate slot through which the respective pin passes to accommodate movement of the pin relative to the bridge.
This invention may also be said to reside in a marine propulsion system to be driven by a motor, the system comprising:
This arrangement eliminates most of the forces which act on the elements which adjust the position of the propeller blades at the engagement between the base and the hub. Thus, forces are not transmitted during steady state operation to the operating componentry within the hub, which may damage and wear the componentry and also be transmitted back through the propulsion mechanism to other operating components. Furthermore, as propeller speed increases, the engagement between the base and the hub increases because of the centrifugal force caused by the mass of the rotating blades and the blade bases.
Preferably the biasing means also biases the eccentric and pin back to the equilibrium position. However, movement of the eccentric and pin back to the equilibrium position could be achieved after settlement of the hub in the adjusted pitch position as a consequence of any slight fluttering of the blade as the blade settles to the adjusted position, and also under the influence of centrifugal forces on the hub.
Preferably the joint comprises an outer socket and an inner moveable eye in the socket which carries the pin.
Preferably the eccentric is an eccentric shaft.
Preferably the base includes a stem which engages the eccentric shaft so that rotation of the eccentric shaft about the eccentric axis moves the base relative to the hub in a radial direction so the tapered surface of the base can disengage from the tapered surface of the hub, and continued movement of the arm rotates the eccentric shaft about the respective transverse axis to thereby adjust the pitch of the blade relative to the hub about the respective transverse axis.
Preferably the drive comprises:
Preferably the pitch adjusting mechanism comprises a push member for moving the engaging element to thereby move the propeller blades and adjust the pitch of the propeller blades, the push member having a screw thread, a nut member having a screw thread and engaging the screw thread of the push member, and a control mechanism for rotating the nut to move the push member because of the engagement of the screw thread of the push member, and the screw thread on the nut, so the push member is moved in a linear manner to move the element to thereby increase the pitch of the propeller blades.
Preferably the push member comprises a push rod and a bolt provided about the push rod so the push rod can rotate relative to the bolt, the screw thread of the push member being provided on the bolt, the bolt having a chamber for receiving a thrust portion of the push rod so that upon rotation of the nut in one direction, the bolt is moved in a first direction parallel to the first axis and the push rod is moved with the bolt whilst being able to rotate within the bolt because of the engagement of the thrust portion in the chamber, and upon rotation of the nut member in the opposite direction, the bolt and the push rod are moved in a second direction opposite the first direction parallel to the first axis because of the engagement of the thrust portion of the push rod in the chamber.
Preferably the second drive shaft is hollow and the push rod is arranged in the second drive shaft so that the push rod can rotate with the second drive shaft whilst being moveable in the first and second directions along the first axis.
Preferably the push rod has a retaining member for retaining the bolt for movement in the direction of the first axis, but preventing rotation of the bolt about the first axis.
Preferably the chamber is formed by a flange on the bolt and a cover connected to the flange, the thrust portion of the push rod having a pair of thrust surfaces, and thrust bearing disposed between one of the thrust surfaces and the flange, and the other of the thrust surfaces and the cover.
Preferably the nut member has an open ended recess for accommodating the flange and the cover and for facilitating movement of the push rod relative to the nut member when the nut member is rotated.
Preferably the stern drive includes a control mechanism for rotating the nut member.
Preferably the control mechanism comprises a control shaft, a gear mounted on the control shaft for meshing with a gear on the nut member, and a motor for driving the control shaft.
The motor is preferable an electric motor such as a stepper motor or servo motor for providing precise control over the rotation of the control shaft to in turn precisely rotate the nut and drive the push rod to adjust the pitch of the propellers. However, in other embodiments, a hydraulic motor or system could be used for driving the control shaft.
Preferably the engaging element comprises a claw having a plurality of fingers, each finger being connected to a respective one of the arms.
Preferably the system includes an emergency pitch adjuster for adjusting the pitch of the propeller blades to a predetermined pitch in the event of breakdown of the control mechanism, the emergency pitch adjuster comprising:
A preferred embodiment of the invention will be described, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
With reference to
As is shown in
A control motor 38 is mounted rearwardly of the stern drive 12 and has a drive shaft 40 which drives an output shaft 42 via bevel gear arrangement 43 and 44. The output shaft 42 carries a gear sprocket 49. A gear sprocket 45 is arranged at the front of the stern drive 12 having regard to the position the stern drive takes up when powering a boat, and the sprocket gear 45 is connected to a control shaft 46. A flexible chain drive 47 engages the sprockets 45 and 49 so that drive can be transmitted from the motor 38 to the output shaft 42, and then to the chain 47 so the chain rotates the sprocket 45 and therefore the control shaft 46.
As is best shown in
The drive shaft 30 is hollow and a push rod 50 is arranged in the drive shaft 30. As will be described in more detail hereinafter, the push rod 50 is connected to a coupling mechanism in the hub 32 and the push rod 50 rotates with the drive shaft 30 when the drive shaft is driven to propel the boat 10. The drive shaft 30 has a recess 52 at its end remote from the propeller hub 32.
The push rod 50 has an enlarged diameter thrust portion 54 which carries an annular abutment 56 which has a first abutment surface 57 and a second abutment surface 58.
A bolt 60 is mounted about the push rod 50 and is accommodated in the recess 52, as is shown in
The bolt 60 carries a screw thread 72 and also has diametrically opposed slots 74 and 75 which are best shown in the perspective view of the bolt 60 shown in
A nut 78 is provided with an internal screw thread 79 which engages with the screw thread 72. The nut 78 also has an enlarged recess 80 which accommodates the flange 62 and cover 66 of the bolt 60. The nut 78 also carries an integral bevel gear 84 which meshes with a bevel gear 86 provided on the end of control shaft 46. The nut 78 is journalled in bearing 85 and has a peripheral flange 87.
A locating plate 90 is provided between the bevel gear 29 and the nut 62 and bearing 91 is located between the flange 87 and the plate 90 for supporting rotation of the nut 78 relative to the plate 90. The plate 90 is fixed to the housing 20 of the stern drive so the plate 90 cannot move.
As is best shown in
Thus, when the control shaft 46 is rotated, drive is transmitted to the nut 78 by the engagement of the bevel gears 84 and 86 so the nut 78 is rotated within the bearing 85 and the bearing 91. Rotation of the nut 78 causes the bolt 60 to move in the direction of the longitudinal axis A, either to the left or right in
When the bolt 60 is moved to the left in
The threads 75 and 79 are self-jamming and therefore prevent axial forces from the propeller blades being fed back into the control shaft 46. The thrust bearings 68 and 70 act in respective opposite directions when the push rod is pushed to the left or the right in
As is best shown in
The control shaft 46 is supported in a bearing 104. The rubber boot 107 is connected. The boot 107 is also connected to a stem section 109. The chain 47 is provided in a plastic tube 48. A similar boot (not shown) is also arranged on the other side of the chain 47 (ie. the return side if the side shown in
Thus, when the control motor 38 is operated, drive is transmitted to the nut 78 as previously mentioned, so that the push rod 50 is pushed either to the left or the right in
The arrangement of the control motor 38, the chain 47 and the control shaft 46, as shown in
The emergency pitch adjuster comprises a sprocket gear or ratchet wheel 120 which is mounted on control shaft 46. A flexible push element 122 is mounted to the housing 100 and passes through a hollow stem 124. The push element 122 has a button 126 external to the casing 100 on its end, and the external part of the push element 122 and button 126 are closed in a rubber boot 130 which is fixed to the casing 100 to seal the space inside the stern drive 10 from the outside.
The stem 122 is preferably a tightly wound spring so that the stem 122 is flexible but stiff in its axial direction. The sprocket wheel 120 includes teeth 134.
When the button 126 is pushed through the boot 130, the stem 122 is moved in the direction of arrow B in
As is best shown in
The hub casing 156 is provided with three holes 157, one for each of the propeller blades 34. Each of the holes 157 is provided with a hub mount 158 which has a tapered internal surface 159. The propeller blades 34 have a blade base 190 which are provided with a tapered surface 192 which matches the taper of the surface 159. The base 190 has a stem 194 which is connected to the eccentric shaft 174. The central hub 152 is provided with a spring washer 195 for each of the stems 194. The spring washer 195 is located in a groove or recess 196 in the ribs 154. The spring washers 195 bear on the bottom surface of the stems 194. Instead of providing bias by way of the washer 195, the washer could be replaced by some other biasing mechanism, such as a conventional coil spring, resilient rubber block or the like.
When the push rod 50 is moved, the push rod 50 pushes against the claw 150, which in turn pushes the claw 150. The initial movement of the claw 150 causes the pin 170 to lean or tilt over slightly in the flexible joint 164 so that the movement of the pin 170 causes the eccentric shaft 174 to rotate about eccentric axis D shown in
As is apparent from
Thus, because of the eccentric nature of the shaft 174, this rotational movement pulls the base 190 downwardly in the direction of arrow E against the bias of the spring washer 195 so the tapered surface 192 is released from the tapered surface 159. Continued movement of the push rod 50 and the claw 150 will then push the arm 162 and the flexible joint 164 so the flexible joint moves into or out of the plane of the paper in
It will be apparent that all of the propeller blades 34 are adjusted in the same manner by this movement of the push rod 50, because the push rod 50 will engage the claw 150 and cause simultaneous movement of each of the legs 162.
When movement of the push rod 50 ceases after the push rod has been moved at a sufficient distance to adjust the pitch of the propellers to the required pitch position, the load is removed from the flexible joint 164 and the bias of the spring washer 195 will push the stem 194 upwardly, again reengaging the tapered surface 192 with the tapered surface 159. This movement will also tend to rotate the shaft 174 back to its equilibrium position, and the pin 172 will also return to its equilibrium position (as shown in
When the tapered surface 192 is again against the surface 159, flutter motion of the blades is prevented even under low loads and fatigue stresses are kept away from the operating parts of the coupling mechanism shown in
It will be appreciated that when the propeller blades are adjusted in pitch, the pins 170 will travel in an arcuate path around the respective blade axes, and will therefore slightly change their distance from the central axis of the hub 32. In order to accommodate this, the claw 150 and the push rod 50 can rotate slightly relative to the hub 32 and the drive shaft 30 because the push rod 50 is free of the drive shaft 30 and is able to rotate in the chamber 66 as has been previously described.
The hub configuration described with reference to
One of the mechanisms is shown in more detail in
The shaft 174 is shown in detail in
As shown in
As is shown in
When the claw 150 is moved to adjust the pitch of the propeller blades 34 in the manner previously described, the arm 162 is moved to the right or left in
The eccentricity of shaft 174 in this embodiment is provided by the grooves 205 and the mounting blocks 207 so that rotation of the shaft 174 will tend to force the stem 194 downwardly against the bias of the washer 195.
With reference to
When the arm 162 stops moving after the blade 34 has been rotated to its adjusted pitch position, the washer 195 biases the stem 194 upwardly so that the surface 159 will again engage with the surface 192 to lock the blade in the adjusted position. The bias of the spring washer 95 will also tend to return the eccentric shaft 174 and the pin 170 to their equilibrium position. Whilst the spring washer 195 can be solely responsible for returning the shaft 174 and the pin 170 to the equilibrium position, this may also occur as a result of a slight fluttering of the blade 34 as the blade 34 settles at its adjusted position, and the centrifugal force which is supplied to the blade 34 and the base 190 when the propeller 32 is rotating.
As is best shown in
In the embodiments described with reference to
In the claims which follow and in the preceding description of the invention, except where the context requires otherwise due to express language or necessary implication, the word “comprise”, or variations such as “comprises” or “comprising”, is used in an inclusive sense, ie. to specify the presence of the stated features but not to preclude the presence or addition of further features in various embodiments of the invention.
Since modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention may readily be effected by persons skilled within the art, it is to be understood that this invention is not limited to the particular embodiment described by way of example hereinabove.
| Number | Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2003903902 | Jul 2003 | AU | national |
| Filing Document | Filing Date | Country | Kind | 371c Date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/AU2004/000970 | 7/20/2004 | WO | 00 | 1/6/2006 |
| Publishing Document | Publishing Date | Country | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO2005/012078 | 2/10/2005 | WO | A |
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|---|---|---|---|
| 2981338 | Hindmarch | Apr 1961 | A |
| 3380536 | Pehrsson et al. | Apr 1968 | A |
| 3912417 | Herbert | Oct 1975 | A |
| 4422826 | Casacci et al. | Dec 1983 | A |
| 4643643 | Otto | Feb 1987 | A |
| 5046973 | Waldhauser | Sep 1991 | A |
| 5232345 | Rocco | Aug 1993 | A |
| 5445497 | Seemar | Aug 1995 | A |
| 5967753 | Muller | Oct 1999 | A |
| 5997253 | Feehan | Dec 1999 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 716906 | Feb 1980 | SU |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20060154536 A1 | Jul 2006 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60520192 | Nov 2003 | US |
