Patent Grant
7051740
The present invention relates to a brush for applying cosmetic products, in particular, mascara, to eyelashes.
Twisted wire brushes for application of liquid-type cosmetics, such as for application of mascara to the eyelashes, are well known in the art. The brushes are designed to pick up and hold a supply of mascara from the cosmetic container, and then deliver the mascara to the eyelashes as the brush is combed through the lashes by the user.
Twisted wire brushes conventionally are manufactured by disposing a plurality of individual lengths of bristles transverse to and between substantially parallel, slightly spaced-apart thin metal wire their midpoints. Most typically, the parallel wire lengths comprise the two substantially equal leg lengths formed from bending a single length of wire into a U-shaped configuration. The wire lengths are then twisted together to form a helical core, causing the bristles disposed between the wires to be clamped therebetween at about their midpoints. In the twisting and clamping, the segments of the bristles on either side of the clamped midpoint are caused to flare radially outward from the core and so form an elongate bristle brush portion of generally circular cross-section. The brush is generally provided with a handle which can comprise, or be affixed to, a cap or other closure for the cosmetic container.
It is known in the art that this helical wire twisting method for forming cosmetic applicator brushes typically leads to a brush configuration in which the bristles tend generally to follow the helical pattern of the twisted wire core, i.e., whereby the tips of the bristles define a helix. The degree of axial spacing between turns of the helix varies depending on the number, type and thickness of bristles employed, the wire thickness employed, the number of helical twists used in forming the wire core, and other like factors. See, for example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,622 to Gueret, and U.S. Pat. No. 4,733,425 to Hartel et al.
The bristles are usually comprised of nylon filaments. The bristles serve the function of collecting mascara from a reservoir and holding the mascara until it is applied to the user's eyelashes. Standard mascara brush designs of the 1960s and 1970s used smaller diameter bristles in fairly large numbers of bristles per turn
The state of the art then evolved to a somewhat larger diameter bristle, as defined in U.S. Pat. No. 4,887,622 entitled “Brush for the Application of Mascara to the Eyelashes.” The patent discloses a mascara brush having a reduced number of bristles, said to be 35% to 80% less than in conventional mascara brushes, ostensibly of larger diameter, than the bristles employed in conventional mascara brushes at the time. This was believed to provide a better application of mascara and separation of lashes. The patent specifies mascara brushes having a bristle diameter from about 0.10 to 0.25 mm (e.g. about 0.004 to 0.010 inch) (4 mil to 10 mil) and with from approximately 10 to 40 bristles per turn of the helix.
The concept of a mascara brush having larger diameter bristle fibers was further discussed in a recent PCT application no. PCT/US01/04555. This application is directed towards mascara brushes made from filaments that are relatively large but soft. Specifically, the application describes mascara brushes having preferably having 7–14 bristles per turn. The bristle filaments are defined as preferably being from 0.010 inch to 0.013 inch (10 mil to 13 mil). Most critically, the bristles are defined as being relatively soft being made of a thermoplastic elastomer having a durometer of between 62 Shore D and 82 Shore D, but most preferably about 72 Shore D. PCT application PCT/US01/04555 essentially defines a mascara brush made with a duPont Filaments filament sold under the trademark “Supersoft.” The “Supersoft” filaments have a durometer of 72 Shore D and are available as solid filaments or as triocular filaments having three hollow voids.
Mascara, which is typically highly viscous, tends to clump when applied to eyelashes. The clumps of mascara are typically combed out as a finishing step to the application process. Stiffer bristles are thought to be better suited for combing out clumps and properly separating lashes. However, the combing and separating functions are thought to be better accomplished with brushes a having relatively open bristle envelope or brush surface, i.e., an envelope or surface that has numerous or wide clearances or spaces between bristles to make the brushes more ‘comb-like’. This function is not well served by traditional mascara brush designs having smaller diameter bristles with higher bristle density.
A mascara brush with softer, more numerous bristles has been generally thought to be well suited for applying mascara but less well suited for combing out clumps and separating lashes. Conversely, a brush with stiffer, fewer bristles has been thought to be well suited for combing and separating lashes but less well suited for applying mascara to lashes. While a separate brush can be used for each function, i.e., a soft brush for application and a stiff brush for combing, a single brush that can both apply mascara and comb out clumps would be preferred for the convenience of the user.
An example of a brush that is said to provide good application and combing characteristics is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 4,861,179 to Schrepf et al., which discloses a brush having a combination of conventional soft bristles and conventional stiff bristles.
Another example of a brush said to provide good application and combing characteristics is shown in U.S. Pat. No. 5,238,011 to Gueret. The Gueret patent discloses bristles made of a soft material having a shore hardness of 20 A to 40 D (as noted above, a conventional bristle typically has a durometer of over 85 D), and a large diameter in a range of 0.004 inch to 0.014 inch (4 to 14 mil) (0.10 to 0.35 millimeter). As disclosed by Gueret, the diameter is said to be sufficiently large to prevent too high a degree of suppleness. The resulting brush is said to have the same degree of suppleness or softness as a conventional softer brush. Accordingly, the bristles are equivalent in stiffness to conventional bristles.
While the forgoing brushes may be suitable for the application and combing of mascara in use at the time, many mascara formulations have significantly higher viscosity. Higher viscosity mascaras tend to collapse softer durometer bristles, so they are not effective for their intended use.
Thus, there is a need for a brush that can apply mascara from a bottle to the user's eyelashes, uniformly and in desired amounts, and comb out any undesired excess while separating eyelashes, and which is suited for modern mascara formulations.
An improved mascara brush has a typical twisted wire core containing bristles having a double lumen cross-section. The bristles are generally circular in shape, and hollow, with a dividing web across the midpoint of the bristle, thereby defining two longitudinal lumens extending along the length of the bristle. In other embodiments, the bristle is oval, square, rectangular or another polygonal shape.
The mascara brush may be implemented in accordance with specified bristle diameter and bristle density parameters of three different embodiments suitable for different mascara formulations.
Referring now to
The brush 10 is comprised of a central twisted wire core 12 containing bristles 14. The core 12 is a twisted wire core typically made by forming a soft metal wire 16 into a “U” shape. A plurality of bristles 14 are placed between the segments 18 of wire 16. The wire segments 18 are then twisted about the longitudinal axis to clamp bristles 14 at approximately a midpoints of the bristles 14. The bristle ends extend radially from the twisted wire core 12.
Core 12 has a lower end 20 connected to a shaft, and an upper end 24 opposite the lower end 20. The lower end 20 of the core 12 is connected to a handle by way of the shaft, however, the lower end 20 of the core 12 could alternatively be attached to another structure such as a bottle cap. After the bristles 14 are mounted to the wire core 12 the brush 10 can be trimmed to have any desired shape, for example, cylindrical, tapered, conical, curved, etc.
Referring now to
Bristles 14 are typically made by cutting short segments from spools of filaments. The preferred materials for making the bristles are nylon filament or polyester filament. In the making of the filaments used to manufacture of the bristles, there may be manufacturing variations where some portions of the filaments, and thus parts of the bristles, lack the dual lumens, but the inventions claimed herein shall include all brushes made with such filaments even if individual bristles in the brush may lack continuous dual lumens along their entire length. The lumens may extend through the cross-section continuously along the length of each bristle fiber, or may be provided in the cross-section at spaced intervals along the length of each bristle fiber.
The bristles 14 may be round in cross-section as shown in
In one embodiment of the invention, the bristles preferably have a diameter of from 0.010 inch to about 0.016 inch (10 mil to 16 mil). More preferably, in this embodiment, the diameter of the bristles will be 0.011 inch to 0.013 inch. As noted, the filaments may be round or may have non-circular cross-sectional shapes, thus, the term “diameter” as used herein is intended to mean the maximum distance between any of the possible opposite positions on the outer surface of a bristle filament. In this embodiment, the bristle density is in the range of 8 to 20 bristles per turn; more preferably 10–15 bristles per turn, and most preferably 12–14 bristles per turn. The filaments from which the bristles are made are preferably selected for having a specific hardness, preferably, a durometer in the range of about 92 Shore D hardness to 120 Rockwell R; more preferably about 100 to 120 Rockwell R; most preferably about 103 to 108 Rockwell R.
The number of bristles per turn can be determined by several methods. One method involves counting bristle ends in one 360 degree turn of the brush and dividing by two to arrive at a count of bristles per turn. Another method involves counting the total number of 360 degree turns of the bristles of the brush along the length of the brush, then counting the total number of bristles, and diving the total bristle count by the total turn count, to determine an average of bristles per turn. It is contemplated that in a basic brush, there will be a substantially constant bristle density along the length of the brush, with a small variations depending on manufacturing precision. However, it is also possible that the bristle densities are an average bristle density, with greater variation in the bristle density between different zones (such as the ends versus the middle zones of the brush). As used herein, “bristle density” encompasses both definitions.
The hollow lumens of the bristles 14, provided in combination with the larger diameter and the harder durometer of the bristles 14 described in the above embodiment, used in a brush with fairly low bristle counts, yields a brush that is excellent in fast and effective application of mascara to the eyelashes, with good ability to lift and comb the lashes, and uniform coating of mascara on eyelashes. Although useful with any conventional mascara, the improved brushes made with bristles according to the foregoing disclosure are particularly important when used with higher viscosity, faster setting mascara formulas. The larger, harder bristles provide a mascara brush capable of applying modern mascara formulas in sufficient volumes and combing out excess without the disadvantage of bristles collapsing, but the specific hollow filament with a double lumen provided a desirable element of flexibility to the brush.
In a second embodiment of the invention which was elected for prosecution and granted in U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/134,829 filed 29 Apr. 2002, the filaments from which the bristles are made have a different diameter size range, which is preferably from about 0.004 inch to about 0.0099 inch (about 4 mil to about 9.9 mil). More preferably, the bristles have a diameter from about 0.004 inch to about 0.006 inch (about 4 mil to about 6 mil). Most preferably, in this embodiment, the diameter of the bristles will be about 0.005 inch. In this embodiment, the bristle density is preferably in the range of 10 to 40 bristles per turn; more preferably 15–30 bristles per turn. However, it is also possible to use a higher bristle density, in the range of 40–60 bristles per turn.
The bristle hardness in the second embodiment will be similar to the first embodiment, e.g. a durometer in the range of about 92 Shore D hardness to 120 Rockwell R; more preferably about 100 to 120 Rockwell R; most preferably about 103 to 108 Rockwell R.
The hollow lumens of the bristles 14 in the size range of the second embodiment, used in a brush with the specified bristle counts, yields a brush that provides good application of mascara to the eyelashes, again with good ability to lift and comb the lashes, particularly for masacara formulations of moderate viscosity.
In a third embodiment of the invention, the filaments from which the bristles are made have a smallest diameter size range, which is preferably from about 0.001 inch to about 0.0039 inch (about 1 mil to about 3.9 mil). Most preferably, in this embodiment, the diameter of the bristles will be about 0.002 to about 0.003 inch. In this embodiment, the bristle density is in the range of 18 to 150 bristles per turn; more preferably 40 to 60 bristles per turn. The bristle hardness in such case will be similar to the second embodiment, e.g. a durometer in the range of about 92 Shore D hardness to 120 Rockwell R; more preferably about 100 to 120 Rockwell R; most preferably about 103 to 108 Rockwell R.
However, it should be noted that the dual lumen bristles of the invention can be made from filaments having lesser hardness than the 92 Shore D hardness at the lower end of the specified range, and that such selection may be made consistent with the commercial and esthetic requirements for the product.
The hollow lumens of the bristles 14 in the size range of the third embodiment, used in a brush with the specified bristle counts, yields a brush that provides good application of mascara to the eyelashes, again with good ability to lift and comb the lashes, particularly for masacara formulations of low viscosity.
A mascara brush with the double lumen bristles will in many cases have a random pattern of distribution of the bristles, instead of a defined bristle spiral. This may be desirable in some applications where it is desired that the bristles define a bristle envelope with a randomly distributed series of bristle ends, instead of a bristle with a stiff spiral of bristle ends.
While the invention has been described and illustrated as embodied in preferred forms of construction, it will be understood that various modifications may be made in the structure and arrangement of the parts without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention recited in the following claims.
The present application is a divisional application of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/134,829 filed Apr. 29, 2002 and entitled “Mascara Brush with Dual Lumen Bristle Fibers” (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,957,654), which is a continuation in part of U.S. patent application Ser. No. 10/075,736, filed Feb. 14, 2002 (now U.S. Pat. No. 6,810,885) and entitled “Mascara Brush with High Durometer Fibers.”
| Number | Name | Date | Kind |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4733425 | Hartel et al. | Mar 1988 | A |
| 4887622 | Gueret | Dec 1989 | A |
| 4927281 | Gueret | May 1990 | A |
| 5063947 | Gueret | Nov 1991 | A |
| 5380592 | Tung | Jan 1995 | A |
| 5567072 | Dunleavy et al. | Oct 1996 | A |
| 5762432 | Dunleavy et al. | Jun 1998 | A |
| 6012465 | Gueret | Jan 2000 | A |
| 6048615 | Lin | Apr 2000 | A |
| Number | Date | Country |
|---|---|---|
| 0 130 611 | May 1989 | EP |
| WO 0158309 | Aug 2001 | WO |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 20050268415 A1 | Dec 2005 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10134829 | Apr 2002 | US |
| Child | 11197250 | US |
| Number | Date | Country | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parent | 10075736 | Feb 2002 | US |
| Child | 10134829 | US |
